INFRASTUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT
(A presentation on DOJ training at TA - Civil, NTPC Singrauli)

Under the guidance of

Mr. G.G. Bardhan
B Tech. Civil (spl. Structures), NIT Jamshedpur
Senior Manager (TA- Civil)

Presented By:
Neetesh Sharma
102228
Munish Garg
The Following Works were assigned to us
during DOJ training in TA-Civil at NTPC
Singrauli

1. Infrastructure work in township

 Structural design for physiotherapy department and
conference hall in Sanjeevani hospital, township NTPC
singrauli.
 Pilot project: structural design of multi-storey residential
apartments.
2. CSR work
3. Construction/ execution work in township,
including FQA.
Infrastructure work in township
 Structural design and development of
construction drawings for physiotherapy
department and conference hall in Sanjeevani
hospital, township NTPC singrauli.

 Type of structure: RCC frame

 Type of foundation: shallow
(footings)
 Column sizes
0.3 x 0.45
0.45 x 0.45
 Beam sizes
0.3 x 0.5(main first floor)
0.3 x 0.45(main roof)
0.3 x 0.4(secondary first floor)
0.3 x 0.3(secondary roof)
 A

Plan (typical)
A
Elevation
Side view Section A-A
Load Definition :
Seismic Load
Parameter Value
Zone III (0.16)
Importance factor 1.5
Response Reduction factor 3
Rock and soil site factor 1
Damping ratio 0.05
Time Period in x direction 0.29
Time Period in z direction 0.46

Basic load case details

 Dead Load
 Live load
 Earthquake load in x direction
 Earthquake load in z direction
 Load Combinations
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0.
3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ-
1.5(DL+LL) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0. 1.5(DL-EQZ- 1.2(DL+LL+EQX-
1.5(DL+EQX) 3EQZ) 0.3EQX) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0. 1.5(DL-EQX- 0.9DL+1.5(EQX-
1.5(DL+EQZ) 3EQZ) 0.3EQZ) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0. 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ- 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ-
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 3EQX) 0.3EQX) 0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL-EQX- 1.5(DL-
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX) 0.3EQZ) EQZ+0.3EQX)
0.9DL- 1.5(DL-EQX-
0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL- 1.2(DL+LL-
1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) EQZ+0.3EQX)
1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3E 1.5(DL+EQZ- 1.2(DL+LL-
QX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 0.3EQX) EQX+0.3EQZ)
1.5(DL+EQX+0.3E 1.5(DL+EQX- 0.9DL+1.5(-
QZ) 0.9DL-1.5EQX 0.3EQZ) EQX+0.3EQZ)
Analysis
Staad Pro was used to analyze the structure for the previously
listed load combinations. The steps involved in the analysis of the
structure using the computer package are as follows:
1. Modelling the structure
2. Defining Loadings
3. Performing analysis and interpreting results.

Design and Detailing

RCC design and detailing of reinforcement bars was done
manually according to the indian standards using the analysis
results from the computer package.
Sampled design results for the structure are follows.
DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENT FOR FIRST FLOOR
BEAMS

3
A B C D E F

Beam Name 1 2 3 4 5

Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len len stirrups)
B1AE 5m x 3 2.3m
spans(5,5,5,2
.3) 2#16 17.54 2#16 23.15 2#20 2.83 2#20 7.73 2#16 18
0.3x0.5 10
8 @300
@130

B2AF 17.3m 2.7m

spans(17.3,2.
2#12 20.24 2#20 24.95 2#20 2.93 2#20 2.23 3#20 20.7
7)
0.3x0.4 8 @250 8 @250

B3AF 5m x 5
spans(5,5,5,5
2#16 20.24 2#16 26.65 2#20 3.5 2#20 8.4 2#16 20.7 8 @300
)
0.3x0.5 Continued…
 1

3
A B C D E F

Beam Name 1 2 3 4 5

Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len len stirrups)
BA13 4.35m 3.65m
spans(4.35,3. 2#20
2#12 8.3 2#12 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 8.7 2.45
65) 2#12
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

BF1*3 4.35m 3.65m

spans(4.35,3. 2#20
2#12 9.8 2#12 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 9.7 2.45
65) 2#12
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

Beam Name 1 2 3

Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len stirrups)
BE21* 4.35m 1.5m
spans(4.35,1. 2#12 6.15
3#12 6.35 2#20 3.18
5) 2#20 4.65
0.3x0.5 8 @170 8 @300
 1

3
A B C D E F

Beam Name 1 2 3 4

Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len stirrups)

BB13/BD13 4.35m 3.65m

spans(8) 2#25 8.6 2#25 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 8.7
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

BC13 4.35m 3.65m

2#25
spans(8) 8.6 2#25 10.12 2#16 3 2#25 8.7
1#20
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300
SLAB REINFORCEMENT
0.5m
1.305m 1.1m
10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

2#10 ϕ 10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

3.65m
4.35m

0.5m 1.5m 1.5m

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

2#10 ϕ 10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

5m
5m
 1

COLUMN REINFORCEMENT 2
3
A B C D E F

location Size Reinforcement Location Size Reinforcement

A1, A3 0.3 m x 8 # 20ϕ D1 0.3 m x 16 # 20ϕ

0.45m 0.45m
A2 0.45 x 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ E1,E2 0.3 m x 8 # 20ϕ
0.45m 8 # 16ϕ
B1,C1 0.3 m x 16 # 20ϕ F1,F3 0.3 m x 8 # 20ϕ
0.45m 16 # 16ϕ 0.45m 8 # 16ϕ

B3,C3,D3 0.3 m x 8 # 25ϕ F2 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ

0.45m x0.45m 8 # 16ϕ
Column reinforcement distributed equally on four edges.
Transverse reinforcement 8ϕ @ 250mm lateral ties
 1

2
3
A B C D E F

location Size Depth Reinforceme Location Size Depth Reinforcement

nt

A1, A3, F3 2m x 2m 0.45m 12ϕ @180mm D1,D3 2.4m x 0.6 12ϕ @140mm
both ways 2.4m both ways
A2, F2 2.4m x 0.6m 12ϕ @150mm E1,E2 2.2m x 0.6 12ϕ @140mm
2.4m both ways 2.2m both ways

B1, B3, 2.2m x 0.6m 12ϕ @140mm F1 2.1m x 0.6 12ϕ @150mm
C1, C3 2.2m both ways 2.1m both ways
 Pilot Project : Structural analysis and design
of multi-storey residential apartments.

Details of structure are as follows:

 Total no. of floors 18.
above ground level: 16
below ground level: 2 (parking)
 Building dimensions and other details
Plan: 47.5m x 42.5m
Height above GL: 57m
Below GL: 8m
Storey height above GL: 3.5m (c/c)
Storey height below GL: 4.0m (c/c)
Area of one flat: 1054 sq ft
No. of flats in one floor: 10
Total no. of flats in the building: 150
 Type of structure: RCC frame (M35)
 Type of foundation: Pile foundation
Typical stuctural plan of building

ELEVATOR

STAIRS

CORRIDOOR
Load Definition :
1. Seismic Load
Parameter Value
Zone IV (0.24)
Importance factor 1
Response Reduction factor 5
Rock and soil site factor 1
Damping ratio 0.05
Time Period in x direction 1.08
Time Period in z direction 1.09

2. Wind Load
Parameter Value
Basic wind speed 47 m/s
(Risk coefficient) K1 1.0
(Terrain , height and structure size Category-4, class- C, value height
factor) K2 dependent.
(Topography) K3 1.0
Basic load case details
 Dead Load
 Live load
 Wind Load x direction
 Wind Load -x direction
 Wind Load z direction
 Wind Load -z direction
 Earthquake load in x direction
 Earthquake load in z direction
 Load combinations
1.5(DL+LL) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.9DL+1.5(-EQZ+0.3EQX) -1.5WLZ+0.9DL
1.5(DL+EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+WLZ) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5EQX 0.9DL-1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5WLX 0.9DL-1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ)
1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.9DL-1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5WLZ+0.9DL 0.9DL-1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL+WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+WLX+0.3WLZ) 1.5(DL+WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX+0.3WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ-0.3EQX) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL-WLZ) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX+0.3WLZ)
0.9DL-1.5EQX 0.9DL+1.5(-EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5WLX 0.9DL+1.5(-WLX+0.3WLZ)

0.9DL+1.5(-WLZ+0.3WLX)
Models
SP 22(explainatory handbook to - IS1983)
Design
 Foundation Design: Type of foundation for this
structure is pile foundation. Also the design and
detailing for the foundation is done manually. this
included deciding the depth of pile and calculating
the load bearing capacity. Grouping of piles as
per support reactions derived from Staad
analysis. Thus deciding the different types of pile
caps required. Structural design and detailing of
pile and pile caps.
 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF BORED CAST-IN-SITU PILE — STATIC FORMULA -IS 2911 Part1- sec2

 PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS

The ultimate bearing capacity ( Qu ) of piles in granular soils is
given by the following formula:

where
Ap = cross-sectional area of pile toe in cm2;
D = stem diameter in cm;
γ = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe in kgf/cm3;
PD = effective overburden pressure at pile toe in kgf/cm2;
Nr and Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction Φ at toe;
K = coefficient of earth pressure;
PDi = effective overburden pressure in kg/cm2 for the ith layer where i varies from 1 to n;
δ = angle of wall friction between pile and soil, in degrees (may be taken equal to Φ); and
Asi = surface area of pile stem in cm2 in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n.

NOTE 1 — Nr factor can be taken for general shear failure as per IS : 6403-1981*.
NOTE 2 — Nq factor will depend, apart from nature of soil on the type of pile and its
method of construction, for bored piles, the value of Nq corresponding to angle of
shearing resistance are given in Fig. 1. This is based on Berezantseu’s curve for
D/B of 20 up to = 35° and Vesic’s curves beyond = 35°.
NOTE 3 — The earth pressure coefficient K depends on the nature of soil strata, type
of pile and its method of construction. For bored piles in loose medium sands, K
values between 1 and 2 should be used.
Pile properties:
 Dia of pile: 0.5m
 Length of pile: 25m
 Vertical load carrying capacity: 2500KN
 Pullout load capacity:1750KN
 Lateral load carrying capacity: 108.7KN
 Depth of fixity: 3.87m below cutoff.
 Maximum moment in pile shaft:170.2KNm
 Distance btw two piles: 3 times dia=1.5m
RCC design of Pile:
P=2500KN
M=170.2KNm
fck=30KN/m2
Ast required=4712mm2
Provide 10# 20 dia
Provide 8mm @ 300c/c lateral ties.
 Sample calculation for design of a pile cap
From load data maximum reaction in the pile I & II are:
RI+RII=4681 kN 1.5
Bending Moment = 4681(0.85-0.6)
=1700KNm
Ast required=3632mm2
Provide 20dia @190c/c both ways
Check for one way shear:
Vu=0.0425x4081/0.5=347kN
ζv=Vu/bd=347000/915x2200=0.17 <ζc=0.29 …….(safe)
Check for two way shear(punching)
Vu=347+0=347kN
ζv=347000/(2115x4x915)=0.0448 <ζc=0.29 …….(safe)
 CSR work (Annual budget 2011-2012, Rs. 30.7 lakh)
 Under the CSR work area various cost estimates were
prepared as under:

Title of work (Preparation of cost estimate for) Alloted Amount

Additional room(5m x 4m) in Kotabasti. 3 lakh

Garbage pits in Chilkadand, Nimiatand. 3 lakh
Renovation of community hall in Chilkadand/Kota/Parswar. 5 lakh

Construction of culvert with RCC road in Ranibari. 15 lakh

Renovation of drains in Chilkadand 4 lakh
Repair of school in parwar raja 0.7 lakh
TOTAL 30.7 lakh

Remarks:- Proposal forwarded for financial vetting and

approval of competent authority.
Steps in preparation of a cost estimate:

1. Site visit and inspection of proposed locations.

2. Preparation of construction drawings.
3. Listing the various items to be used (scheduled
and non-scheduled items).
4. Calculating the quantity of the items involved
as per the detailed drawings.
5. Calculating the rate as per DSR (scheduled
items).
6. Rate analysis for non-scheduled items.
7. Estimating the total amount (including UPL
profit, PAP, contractor’s profit and service tax
etc.).
Execution work
 Execution of CISF morcha and telephone
exchange building.
 Construction (Repair and maintenance) of
township road.
 Various test conducted in FQA Lab
AGGREGATE TEST:
1. Sieve analysis test : This test is conducted for gradation of fine and coarse aggregates
.
2. Aggregate Crushing Value- The aggregate crushing value, when determined in
accordance with IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 shall not exceed 45 percent for aggregate used
for concrete other than for wearing surfaces, and 30 percent for concrete for wearing
surfaces, such as runways, roads and pavements.
3. Aggregates Impact Value- impact value may be determined in accordance with the
method specified in IS : 2386 (Part IV )-1963. The aggregate impact value shall not
exceed45 percent by weight for aggregates used for concrete other than for wearing
surfaces and 30 percent by weight for concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways,
roads and pavements.

4.ELONGATION INDEX: This method is used for determining the elongation index of
coarse aggregate.
5. FLAKINESS INDEXi: This method is used for determining the flakiness index of
coarse aggregate
6.Stripping value test: Principle of this test is by immersing aggregate fully coated with
binder in water maintained at specified temp. and result is reported as the percentage of
stone surface that is stripped off after the specified time period
Test on Bitumen
1. Penetration test : This test is done to determine the penetration of bitumen as per IS:
1203 – 1978. The principle is that the penetration of a bituminous material is the distance
in tenths of a mm, that a standard needle would penetrate vertically, into a sample of the
material under standard conditions of temperature(25 degree calcius), load(100 g) and
time(5 seconds).
2. Water content test: water content in Bitumen is determined by mixing known weight of
the specimen in a pure petroleum distillate free from water , heating and distillating off the
water.
The weight of water condensed and collected is expressed as percentage by weight of
the original specimen. The maximum water content in bitumen should not exceed 0.2
percent by weight.
3. Softening point test : Softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a
particular degree of softening under specified condition of test .Softening point of various
bitumen grades varies between 35 degree to 70 degree.
 References:
Various Indian Standard used are :
456-2000 - For Rcc design
875_1 -Dead Load
875_2 - Imposed (Live ) load
875_3 - Wind load
875_5 - Load combination
1893 (Part 1) : 2002 - Earthquake Loads
2911 – 1979 (Part 1 – Sec 2)-Design and construction of pile foundation ( Bored cast in
situ piles Concrete Piles
383 - Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete
SP 16 - Design aids for reinforced concrete to is : 456-2000
SP 22 - Explanatory handbook oncodes for earthquake engineering
SP 36 - Handbook on reinforcement and detailing
Books:
- limit state design of RCC by A.K. Jain
- RCC Design by Cyal and goyal
- RCC Design of structeures by B.C. Punmia
- Highway Engineering By Khanna and Justo