Research About Self Esteem

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY PAGE 1
APPROVAL SHEET
This Research Paper entitled A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON FACEBOOK’S

EFFECT INTO THE SELF-ESTEEM OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN ADAMSON
UNIVERSITY is prepared and submitted by Bernales, Jack R., Bulawan, Bernardo Jr.
C., Jugo, Laurice Razel P., Miguel, Sean Carlo R., Patricio, Naiven Kathrin P.,
Tolentino, Melanie Joyce B. as part of the conformation to the requirements in the course
of Practical Research 2 and Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion has been examined
and approved for ORAL PRESENTATION.
Ms. Nicole B. Ribano, L.P.T.

____________________________ Mr. Evan John Daynos, L.P.T.
________________________________________
Practical Research 2 Adviser Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion Adviser
________________________________________________________________________
Approved and accepted during an Oral Presentation held on March 26, 2019
Mr. Mike Oliver Gimao, L.P.T.

_________________________________ Mr. Juvenal Dalimeg, L.P.T.
_________________________________
Panel Member Panel Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course of Practical Research 2
and Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion.
Dr. Lorna A. Espeso, L.P.T.

__________________________________
Principal, Senior High School
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researchers, would like to acknowledge the various individuals that made
this study possible and bearable. There are so many things that the researchers
would like to express their gratitude for. Firstly, an enormous “thank you” from the
research team to this following individual/group of individuals:
 Ms. Nicole B. Ribano – has been patient and considerate in our team and
also for being one of the accomplished Practical Research professors of
Adamson University.
 Mr. Evan John L. Daynos – has enriched our team with the knowledge we
needed to be able to push through this study and one of the many
accomplished Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion professors of
Adamson University.
 Mr. Cloyd de Villena – one of the individuals who helped us reshape and
innovate our paper via constructively criticizing our paper.
 Ms. Marie Charisse Campayan – as another contributor to making the
researchers look at a new horizon and expand it. We really appreciate the
amount of consideration she has given us; sometimes she would give up her
time just to let us do our research.
 Dr. Lorna A. Espeso – for being a supportive and compassionate Principal
of Adamson University – Basic Education Department.
JUGO HOUSEHOLD:
For being so warm, welcoming, accommodating and understanding. If it were not

for their house, we will not be able to get through the last hunch of our paper.
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Special Thanks to: Ms. Athena Louie V. Cenizal and Ms. Charissa Anne
Mendoza for helping our team with the sorting of the survey-questionnaires in their
spare time.
FAMILY AND FRIENDS OF ALL THE RESEARCHERS:
To all the countless times they have motivated and supported every member of the
research team, countless “thank you” is in order. On times the researchers felt that
he/she slumped, their friends and family are there to help them get through it and
resurface again.
ABSTRACT
Social media platforms, specifically Facebook have gained immense

popularity for the last decade and its prowess has left certain long-lasting effects
into people’s psyche. The upward comparisons made using Facebook have affected
people gravely with their self-esteem. To test the hypothesis, set forth by the
researchers, a total of 100 Grade 12 STEM Senior High School students
participated through survey-questionnaires.
This research was limited to the students of Adamson University and

only to those whom have access to a Facebook account. Correlation and regression
model were applied to the data to test the relationship between the use of Facebook
into one’s self-esteem.
The findings suggest that as the students increase in social media usage it has a
direct effect into the self-esteem of the students. Furthermore, this research proves
that there is a strong relationship between social media and self-esteem.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Objectives
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Hypothesis
Scope and Limitations
Significance of the study
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
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Respondents of the Study
Samplig Technique
Research Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA
Result, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Number Title
Figure 1: The process of finding the effects of social media

unto the self-esteem
Table No. Title
Table 1.1: 17 Female (Self-esteem)
Table 1.2: 17 Male (Self-esteem)
Table 1.3:18 Female (Self-esteem)
Table 1.4:18 Male (Self-esteem)
Table 1.5: Self-esteem
Table 2.1: Correlation
Table 2.2: Model Summary
Table 2.3: ANOVA
Table 2.4: Coefficients
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
21st century denoted the rise and development of social organizing destinations
in the entire world. From that point forward these destinations have turned into a
significant piece of individuals' lives, uniquely the lives of the adolescent.
Numerous adolescents are utilizing internet-based life, particularly Facebook, to
fabricate connections, interface with the world, offer and gain learning and data,
fabricate more grounded identities and have better social lives (Boyd, 2007).
Mitchell (2002) claimed that long range informal communication locales are
utilized by adolescents to get occupied with sentimental and easy going on the web
connections. It has been seen by the changing conduct of the general population
that web-based life has many adverse repercussions on individuals. Person to
person communication locales assist individuals with making social correlations
which increment the mental trouble of people and thus bring down the general level
of confidence (Chen and Lee, 2013).
The purpose of this study is to identify who amongst these senior high
school respondents have low self-esteem. Almost half of the population of the
teenagers today has accounts on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Viber, etc.
Teenagers use social media applications for the primary purpose of posting
pictures, sharing posts or videos. One of the main reasons why some youngsters
have low self-esteem is because they expect the same treatment that they get
virtually applies in real life as well.
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The low self-esteem of teenage students is one of the major issues in today’s
generation. This paper however will examine the teenage students who potentially
have low self-esteem. It is said here that teenagers nowadays have a social media
accounts and of course it can sometimes affect people who post a picture of
themselves by degrading by someone that can lead to overthinking and low self-
confidence because other millennials are known by judging else's picture and being
dominant and perfectionist of all the things they can do due to over pride. Low self-
esteem can sometimes affect one's grade and attitude on the class due to lack of
confidence in front of many people by having a recitation not to consider because
they afraid that they might get judged by others who aren't considering own opinion
of others.
This research should also be taken into consideration and not neglected
because many teenagers today are experiencing low self-esteem and it should not
be neglected because others cannot face or speak in front of many people because
of their low self-esteem and lack of confidence.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. What is the profile of the respondents?

1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
2. How do Facebook affect the self-esteem of the student-respondents?
2.1 Age
2.2 Sex
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3. Is there a significant difference in the relationship of social media in the

self-esteem of the student-respondents when their profile is taken as test
factor?
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the study it is expected that the readers and the target audiences
to have the following:
1. Be able to identify the profile of the respondents.

1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
2. To determine how Facebook may affect the self-esteem of the student-
respondents.
3. Determine the significant difference in the effects of social-media in the
self-esteem of the student-respondents when their profile is taken as a test
factor.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In an investigation conducted by Steers, Wickham, and Acitelli 2014,

results show that social correlations made on Facebook are related with depressive
indications. Taking part in visit social examinations can adversely affect one's
psychological prosperity. Much further, people with low confidence may wind up
feeling more regrettable because of the impacts of social examination on person to
person communication locales, for example, Facebook.
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Another complexity that emerges with poor confidence and poor self-
perception is dietary issues, anomalous eating, and extreme exercise propensities.
Various examinations have demonstrated that body disappointment can lead one to
participate in a dietary problem. There is an incredible distinction between
consistently ladies' bodies and unattainable, farfetched models' bodies, which
makes ladies feel awful about themselves and leads them to feel constrained to
practice increasingly and get thinner (Dunkley, Wer-theim, and Paxton, 2001; Stice
and Shaw, 2002; Policy and Herman, 2004).
Individuals additionally put so much significance and a lot of their self-

worth into measure of “preferences” and “remarks” they get via web-based
networking media; hence, on the off chance that they don't get the same number of
“preferences” and “remarks” as they figured they would, it may influence their
confidence, self-esteem, and trigger mellow depressive manifestations. Not
exclusively is self-esteem and self-esteem affected by Facebook utilize, yet
additionally "the level of life fulfillment was the most reduced among dependent
Facebook clients" (Blachnio, Prezepiorka, Pantic, 2015, pp. 703)
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
FACEBOOK SELF-ESTEEM
Profile of Respondents
 Age
 Sex
 Section and Strand
Questionnaire will be answered by the senior high school STEM

students
The effects of social media unto the self-esteem
Figure 1. The process of finding the effects of social media unto

the self-esteem
The figure above shows the process on how the researchers got to the results
and conclusions. The first line goes to show the connection between Facebook and
an individual’s self-esteem that the researchers are trying to prove exists. The
second line however goes to show the demographic denominations of the
respondents. Third line indicates the process the researchers did to gather the data
required for the study. And the last line goes to having the results and conclusion.
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HYPOTHESIS
HA – Social media has an impact to the self-esteem of senior high school

students studying at Adamson University.
HO – Social media does not have any impact to the self-esteem of students
studying at Adamson University.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This study encapsulates issues such as but not limited to the subjects on the
psychosocial and mental health of the senior high school respondents from
Adamson University Grade 12 - STEM students. As well as the issues on how the
respondents handle their emotions whenever they find themselves heavily
associated with the other person’s social media account. However, this study will
not touch the personal life of the students and what they share and post on their
social media accounts, pursuant to the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The inalienable
constraints of the study were that the respondents were not observed when they
were offered surveys to fill. So, the consequences of the examination rely on the
respectability and honesty of the subjects. Also, all social media platforms were
excluded in the research. Only Facebook was considered the representative of all
the social networking sites.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study focuses on the effects of social media platforms unto the self-
esteem of senior high school students of Adamson University. The significance of
this study is to provide crucial and specific information that may aid the target
audiences in case they might encounter the issue soon. This study is beneficial to:
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Respondents, the respondents will be made aware with the different effects
of social media to their self-esteem and to make them understand that social media
could potentially destroy their self-esteem and their perception of who they are.
Students, the students will acquire specific knowledge on how their activity
on different social media platforms may have effect in their self-esteem. This study
might provide them the realization they need a time off their social media accounts,
that these social media platforms may be the source of the negative impression that
they are giving themselves.
Parents, the parents will have the knowledge about the matter on how their
sons or daughters ever acquire such low self-esteem and be able to formulate or
create an approach applicable to their sons’ or daughters’ case.
Teachers, the teachers alongside the parents of the students and respondents
may as well formulate ideas on how to handle different cases and to help their
students to strengthen their self-esteem and boost their confidence.
Future Researchers, for the future researchers this study may be a reference
for their future thesis or research and may be of great help for them to establish
their position on the subject matter thereof.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Confidence - a feeling of self-assurance arising from any form of

appreciation of one's own abilities and firm belief in oneself.
2. Cyberbullying - utilization of electronic correspondence to spook any

individual, either by sending messages of a scary or undermining nature.
3. Dejection - a low condition, weaknesses or inability.
4. Delusion - an impression that is firmly maintained despite being

contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality, typically a symptom of mental
disorder.
5. Depressed – a common and serious mental illness that negatively affects

how one feels, thinks and act.
6. Discrimination – an individual whom do not respect your rights, they may

treat you differently because of your age, religion, or your disability.
7. Liberality – the quality of being open to new ideas and the property of
being generosity.
8. Perception – a way of understanding, identification and interpretation of

sensory information, mostly driven by expectation and knowledge.
9. Prosperous – relating to the future of an individual, can also be applied

to anything or anyone experiencing growth and success.
10. Self-esteem - a feeling of satisfaction that someone has for his/her own
abilities.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The researchers gathered data that may be of value to the study they
are conducting. Having related literatures and studies can somehow help the
researchers create a more comprehensive and effective paper. The researchers took
into consideration the background and credibility of every author of literature and
study they incorporated on their research.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
 Foreign
According to Marwick (2010), as the utilization of social media, life turns

out to be more firmly interlaced with everyday administration of social connections
(particularly using locales like Facebook), a few commentators have started to
contend that the refinement among on the web and disconnected character work is
never again significant.
According to Black (2016) since internet-based life started with the dispatch
of Myspace, individuals' true personalities and temperaments have been influenced
by what they see on the web. We currently have a consistent stream of data and
open doors for consideration from others, and the need is regularly predominant in
our contemplations, keeping us from completely focusing on either the
circumstance or ourselves. Social correlation existed before internet-based life, yet
it was just constrained to the general population you met face to face and your
neighbors, and you could make a substantially more point by point judgment about
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these people. One could see or hear defects and battles, and in addition triumphs,
making social examination a more adequate practice. Consider the photos you see
and your contemplations encompassing them. Every other person is by all accounts
accomplishing something intriguing, and a great many people do not understand
that for everyone they see posting excursion photographs, there are a hundred
people who aren't. This prompts perilous correlations.
According to Jacewicz (2017) of Kaizer Health News, the pessimistic

impacts of social media-based life on youngsters' emotional well-being are all
around archived by analysts and the press. Online networking can drive jealousy
and misery, empower cyber bullying, and spread considerations of suicide. Be that
as it may, a few scholastics and advisors are proposing an unreasonable view: They
have discovered that web-based life may likewise help enhance psychological
wellness by boosting confidence and giving a wellspring of passionate help. These
advantages have pulled in too little consideration from columnists and guardians.
According to Cook (2017), today, internet-based life is exceptionally well

known. Everybody from elderly individuals down to grade school understudies
utilize it. It is an incredible method to remain associated with individuals and the
world. Even though it might appear as though internet-based life is an incredible
place, there are many negative impacts. We base our "prominence" on what number
of Facebook companions we have, or what number of supporters we have on
Instagram, and the measure of trophies and our score on Snapchat.
According to Stevens (2017), utilizing internet-based life to associate with

others is somewhat like having a private discussion in an open place. Be that as it
may, there's a distinction. Notwithstanding when you're talking with a companion
amidst a physical group, most other individuals can't hear what you say. Via web-
based networking media, your discussions can be perused by anybody with access.
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Surely, posts on a few locales are openly accessible to any individual who searches
for them. Somewhere else, individuals can constrain who approaches by changing
their security settings. Contingent upon whether individuals see your posts — and
how emphatically they react — your online associations might be very positive. Or
on the other hand not. Online life can make a few adolescents feel discouraged and
segregated. They can get a handle on cut of social associations. They may feel
judged. Individuals who visit web-based social networking locales to feel
associated with companions may wind up got in online dramatization, or even
digital harassing. However, being stuck to your telephone or immersed in a
Snapchat story isn't all terrible. Online life gives an imperative place to individuals
to interface. The input that clients get from their companions can support
confidence. What's more, online life can even lift connections among relatives.
 Local
According to Kelly (2019), these findings are surprisingly relevant to

modern-day coverage development on tips for the secure use of social media and
calls on industry to extra tightly adjust hours of social media use for young people.
Girls had been also greater affected when it came to social media use and worries
about body image, shallowness and appearance.
According to Chinie (2013), Facebook can decorate self-esteem. But

interestingly, it looks that this happens solely when your Facebook undertaking is
focused on your personal profile and updates. When your pastime focuses on the
profiles and updates of other people, it’s the opposite. The more you seem to be
into the lives of others by using their Facebook updates, the much less comfortable
you sense about your personal life. This is called Facebook envy, and agree with
me, it’s a thing. Been there, felt that. I have this childhood pal who appears to do
nothing but journey to fun places and scuba dive or go horseback using or whatever,
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and each time I see her Facebook updates I constantly feel like an overworked,
under-vacationed loser.
According to Blanca (2018), social media can be each high-quality and

negative. It’s effective if you use social media to share your interests and submit
about their favored recreation starts, artist and vacations. It can be bad if they’re
using social media as a measure of their likability or popularity. When a character
start to compare themselves to others and recognize that they’re not as brilliant to
anyone else then they might lose self-assurance in you.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
 Foreign
An investigation directed by The University of Gothenburg in Sweden studied

664 men and 676 ladies (normal age 32) to help decide the connection between
confidence and social media use. A noteworthy negative connection between the
two was revealed (as Facebook communication expanded" confidence
diminished)" however the primary contrast was between sexual orientations. Ladies
who utilized Facebook were adept to feel less cheerful and content with their lives.
A study from the University of Georgia finds that informal organization's

play on our confidence and to some degree on increasingly narcissistic propensities.
Regardless of the name "social networks" much client movement on systems
administration destinations is self-centered," said Brittany Gentile an UGA doctoral
competitor who took a gander at the impacts of informal communities on
confidence and narcissism. The investigation distributed in the Journal Computers
in Human Behavior, proposes that the clear majority who sign on to Facebook
consistently might support their confidence simultaneously.
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The University of Salford in the UK completed an examination a year ago

via web-based networking media's consequences for confidence and anxiety" and
revealed that half of their 298 members said that their "utilization of interpersonal
organizations like Facebook and Twitter exacerbates their lives.” The investigation
additionally detailed that members likewise said that their confidence endures when
they contrast their very own achievements with those of their online companions.
Furthermore, a fourth of members referred to work or relationship troubles because
of "online showdowns" and the greater part announced that they feel stressed or
awkward when they can't get to Facebook or email. In entirety, this examination
presumed that internet-based life causes low confidence and anxiety.
 Local
According to Cristine (2008) Students the usage of social networking internet

web sites is working towards the twenty first century skills wished to be profitable
today. Students are improving their verbal exchange through social community
websites a talent that may want to be indispensable for a successful career. The
study involved teenagers of many unique financial backgrounds and from urban
excessive school in the mid-west.
As an assist of the theory study indicates that social community web sites
perform a unique function that permit person to meet strangers, however
alternatively that they allow customers to articulate and make visible their social
networks. They are especially speaking with people who are already a section of
their prolonged social network. To emphasize this articulated social community as
a necessary organizing characteristic of these sites, we label them "social
community sites."
According to Perez (2011), has operationally described internet utilization

as an ability of the human beings to adopt, get right of entry to and use web for a
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large variety of searching for information. He also found out that majority of the
individuals in his learn about acknowledged internet that give extra comfort in each
day living.
According to studies, Social media has a profound impact unto students.

Some college students are using it for instructional purposes. Students would like
to do some on-line collaboration with classmates. It is said that the usage of social
media boosts students’ vanity even more.
According to Maslow, respect and success performs a necessary position to

increase one’s self-assurance and self-esteem. And it is important for a person to
sustain his or her wishes to feel love, be loved and the sense of belonging.
SYNTHESIS
It is said that an individual’s reaction, emotion, and the like towards an issue
may be altered due to the web-based life that the individuals pursue. In example,
one might view something as irrational behavior just because his/her web-based
life peer thinks so as well. One may also be pushed by his/her web-based life peers
to do more or pursue a different horizon. In either way the person “aligning” his/her
life towards his/her online peers are deemed to change in one way or the other.
While saying that internet maybe a good source of being well-informed some cases
still show that people are getting competitive towards others in a way that they are
basing their prominence with the number of people that follows them compared to
those that they are following. This is an example of what the University of Salford’s
examination results.
Some persons are saying that the use of social media is in a way a
prerequisite to be globally compatible at this day and age. It is essential for a 21st
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Century learner to be adept with the various twists and turns that the technology
world has in store. Individuals who engage in social media are only half responsible
for whatever feelings he/she might get from it.
At the end of the day the individual has the power to eliminate anyone who
he/she thinks does not constitute a positive impact on him/her. Half of the
responsibility goes to the people one follows/adds as a friend (for Facebook users).
They are responsible for warning their peers first whatever is the content of their
post especially if it is something sensitive to the human.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers chose to conduct a quantitative method and a non-

experimental approach for their research design because the topic they have chosen
deals with the issue of students and their self-esteem. The quantitative method was
adapted by the researchers because the topic they have chosen is to determine the
effects of social media platforms into the self-esteem.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The researchers have chosen 100 senior high school students from Adamson
University because the researchers have observed that all senior high school
students have their account in social media platform such as Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The researchers used the convenience sampling is a sampling technique

because of their subjects’ accessibility and proximity to the researchers. The
subjects are selected just because they are easiest to recruit for the study and the
researchers did not considered selecting subjects that are representative of the entire
population.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The respondents of 100 senior high school students of Adamson University

were selected and they were given the survey-questionnaires to fill.
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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
Essential information was gathered for this research. Questionnaires were

circulated and rounded out by the respondents which made some fundamental
inquiries about their connection with and time spent on social media. Certain
questions were additionally led to know how individuals see other individuals'
profiles and whether they make correlations or not. Aside from this, Rosenberg
confidence scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was utilized to recognize the dimension of
confidence of the respondent.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The gathered data will be presented using Descriptive Analysis and

Inferential Analysis.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The researchers have considered the sensitivity of the topic that they are
dealing with and as per the guidelines set forth for the ethical consideration the
researchers did the following: 1. informed the respondents about the research and
its premise; asked them for their consent. 2. The researchers did no intimidation to
get the student-respondents to answer the survey questionnaire. 3. The researchers
also ensured that the information of the student-respondents will be kept within the
respected bounds and will not be distributed or such as to keep the student-
respondents’ anonymity. 4. The researchers ensured that all the data that they have
gathered from the survey questionnaires are the only components that needed to be
assessed nothing more, nothing less.
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE: (Descriptive analysis)
This part of the paper will provide the demographic profile of the student
respondents that the researchers conducted survey upon. The respondents’ ages are
from 17 years old through 18 years old. The sex of the two (2) denominations, being
17 years old and 18 years old are Males and Females.
1.1. Age
The tables attached herein indicate those with the age of 17 and 18. The
numerical figures inside the table means: that the corresponding numerical value
under the “Mean” indicates the height of the student-respondent’s self-esteem. The
symbol “N” indicates the population that answered the question about the duration
of their use. Upon analyzing the data gathered it can be inferred that as the student-
respondent spend more time on his/her Facebook account the more his/her self-
esteem diminish. (See tables 1.1 through 1.2).
Time spent on Mean N Std. Deviation

Facebook
Half an hour 20.25 4 3.30
1-3 hours 18.88 8 5.19
3-5 hours 15 11 4.74
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More than 5 15.5 6 4.95

hours
total 69.63 29 18.18
Table 1.1 Age 17

Facebook
1-3 hours 33.39 32 17.89
3-5 hours 19.08 13 5.22
More than 5 24.5 18 2.12

hours
total 96.22 71 32.28
Table 1.2 Age 18
1.2. Sex
The tables attached herein indicate the two denominations’ gender that being
male and female. The numerical figures inside the table indicate: that the numerical
value under the “Mean” indicates the height of the student-respondent’s self-
esteem. Then the symbol “N” indicates the population that answered the question
about the duration of their use. Upon analyzing the data gathered it can be inferred
that as the female respondents spend more time on their Facebook account the more
their self-esteem diminish. But otherwise is shown for male respondents. The given
data goes to show that Facebook have an adverse effect on both sexes, although for
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female-respondents their self-esteem only went 2 points down and went constant
(except for the number after the decimal point). Male-respondents show that for
every change in time spent their self-esteem changes.

Facebook
1-3 hours 16.41 22 6.57
3-5 hours 16.17 12 3.51
More than 5 hours 16.53 17 3.73
total 67.25 58 14.91
Table 1.3 Female

Facebook
1-3 hours 21.44 18 5.34
3-5 hours 18.25 12 6.53
More than 5 hours 20 7 1.41
total 81.29 42 21.17
Table 1.4 Male
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2. EFFECT/S OF FACEBOOK TO THE SELF-ESTEEM
The tables attached herein contains the data that will determine the results of
this study, also the tables present the comparison between 17-year-old male and
female and 18-year-old male and female. After analyzing the data presented herein
the conclusion will be that

Facebook
Half an hour 19.6667 3 1.2398
1-3 hours 17.3333 3 4.0415
3-5 hours 15.625 8 3.4615
Total: 69.125 18 11.3885
Table 1.5 17 Female

Facebook
Half an hour 0 0 0
1 - 3 hours 19.8 5 6.0166
3 - 5 hours 13.333 3 2.5166
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Total 48.633 10 13.4830
Table 1.6 17 Male

Facebook
Half an hour 15.3333 3 3.5119
1 - 3 hours 16.5263 19 6.9151
3 - 5 hours 17.25 4 3.8622
More than 5 hours 15.625 8 3.2923
Total 64.7346 34 17.5815
Table 1.7 18 Female

Facebook
Half an hour 21.6 5 7.8930
1 – 3 hours 21.4286 14 5.5291
3 – 5 hours 19.889 9 5.5553
More than 5 hours 22 4 4.2426
Total 84.9175 32 23.2201
Table 1.8 18 Male
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3. SUMMARY OF TABLES:
As what can be seen on the tables presented herein
II. INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
Time spent on Self-esteem

Facebook
Pearson 1 -.908
Correlation
0nTime spent on Sig. (2-tailed) .02

Facebook
N 29 29
Pearson -.908 1
Correlation
Self-esteem Sig. (2-tailed) .02
N 29 29
Table 2.1 – Correlation for 17 Years Old
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.02 level (2-tailed)
From the result of the correlation test as seen above it can be concluded that
there is a negative inverse relationship between the two variables. Increasing in the
time spent on Facebook would result in the decrease of the self-esteem of an
individual. It can also be concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

between Facebook usage and self-esteem as the significant value shown in table 2
is less than 0.05.
After applying the correlation test the subsequent step was to apply linear
regression analysis to foresee the value of the dependent variable with the
assistance of predictor variable. The summary of the results is mentioned below in
the tables.
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of

Square the Estimate
1 .908 .825 .738 1.225
Table 2.2 – Model Summary for 17 Years Old
The above table shows the summary of the data. The value of R. is 0.908
which means that it represents a strong correlation which have been calculated at
the above table. The R square shows how much of total variation in the self-esteem
(dependent variable) can be explained by time spent on Facebook (independent
variable) which is very large in this case; 82.5%
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Regression 14.184 1 14.184 9.446 .09
1 Residual 3.003 2 1.502
Total 17.188 3
Table 2.3 – ANOVA for 17 Years Old
ANOVA or Analysis of Variance is a table that helps measure how well the
regression equation fits the gathered data. As shown in Table 2.3 significance value
is more than 0.05 – which means that the result is equal to being neutral. The value
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of the significance is 0.09 which means that the regression model is statistically
insignificant and a bad predictor of the dependent variable which in this case is the
self-esteem of the student-respondents. The answer/s provided by the ANOVA
table means that Facebook has no impact to the self-esteem of senior high school
students studying at Adamson University for ages 17 years old.

Facebook
Pearson 1 -.019
Correlation
Time spent on Significance (2- .02

Facebook tailed)
N 71 71
Pearson -.019 1
Correlation
N 71 71
Table 2.4 – Correlation for 18-year-old
The table labeled “Correlation for 18-year-old” comprise the Pearson

Correlation which shows the significance of the time spent on Facebook to the
self-esteem of the student-respondents. One can see that positive digit/s equals
positive correlation and negative digit/s equals negative correlation. This table
shows that time spent on Facebook to time spent on Facebook will yield a positive
correlation. Time spent on Facebook to Self-esteem will yield a negative
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correlation. The “N” symbol in the table symbolizes the population of the student-
respondents that responded to the time and self-esteem.
Model R R Square Adjusted R Standard Error

Square of the
Estimate
1 .020 .0004 -.499 2.931
Table 2.5 – Model Summary for 18-year-old
The table labeled “Model Summary for 18-year-old” shows…

Squares Square
Regression 0.007 1 0.007 0.001 1.0
1 Residual 17.181 2 1.502
Total 17.188 3
Table 2.6 – ANOVA for 18 Years Old
This Analysis of Variance table for 18-year-old shows regression and

residual denominations…

Facebook
Pearson 1 -.634
Correlation
Time spent on Sig. (2-tailed) .02

Facebook
N 58 58
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Pearson -.634 1
Correlation
N 58 58
Table 2.7 – Correlation for Females
The table labeled “Correlation for Females” comprise the Pearson


Square the Estimate
1 .634 .467 .201 2.139
Table 2.8 – Model Summary for Females
The table labeled “Model Summary for Females” shows

Squares Square
Regression 8.033 1 8.033 1.755 .03
1 Residual 9.154 2 4.577
Total 17.188 3
Table 2.9 – ANOVA for Females
This Analysis of Variance table for Females shows regression and residual
denominations.
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Facebook
Pearson 1 -.657**
Correlation
Time spent on Sig. (2-tailed) .02

Facebook
N 42 42
Pearson -.657** 1
Correlation
N 42 42
Table 2.10 – Correlation for Males
The table labeled “Correlation for Males” comprise the Pearson


Square the Estimate
1 .657 .432 .148 2.210
Table 2.11 – Model Summary for Males
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The table labeled “Model Summary for Males” shows
Model Sum of Df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Regression 7.423 1 7.423 1.520 .04
1 Residual 9.764 2 4.882
Total 17.188 3
Table 2.12 – ANOVA for Males
This Analysis of Variance table for Males shows regression and residual
denominations.
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CHAPTER V
SUMARRY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Table 1.1 shows the mean scores for self-esteem of 17 years old
Female students in Private Catholic School. According to the result, Female
students who spend half an hour daily on Facebook have a mean score of 19.6667
for self-esteem; Female students who go through 1-3 hours daily on Facebook have
a mean score of 17.3333 for self-esteem; students who go through 3-5 hours on
Facebook have a mean score of 15.625 for self-esteem; Female students who go
through more than 5 hours on Facebook have a mean score of 16.5 for self-esteem.
Male students in Private Catholic School. According to the result, Male students
who spend half an hour daily on Facebook have a mean score of 0 for self-esteem;
Male students who go through 1-3 hours daily on Facebook have a mean score of
0, for self-esteem; students who go through 3-5 hours on Facebook have a mean
score of 15.625 for self-esteem; Female students who go through more than 5 hours
on Facebook have a mean score of 16.5 for self-esteem.
Female students in Private Catholic School. According to the result, Female
students who spend half an hour daily on Facebook have a mean score of 15.3333
for self-esteem; Female students who go through 1-3 hours daily on Facebook have
a mean score of 16.5263 for self-esteem; Female students who go through 3-5 hours
on Facebook have a mean score of 17.25 for self-esteem; Female students who go
through more than 5 hours on Facebook have a mean score of 15.625 for self-
esteem.
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Male students in Private Catholic School. According to the result, Male students
who spend half an hour daily on Facebook have a mean score of 21.6 for self-
esteem; Male students who go through 1-3 hours daily on Facebook have a mean
score of 21.4286 for self-esteem; Male students who go through 3-5 hours on
Facebook have a mean score of 19.889 for self-esteem; Male students who go
through more than 5 hours on Facebook have a mean score of 22 for self-esteem.
5. The summary of the gathered combined data is mentioned above
in table 1. According to the overall result of survey the students who spend half an
hour daily on Facebook have a mean score of 19.5833 for self-esteem interpreted
as to have high self-esteem; students who go through 1-3 hours daily on Facebook
have a mean score of 18.8 for self-esteem interpreted as normal self-esteem;
students who both go through 3-5 hours and more than 5 hours every day on
Facebook have a mean score of 17.2083 for self-esteem which interpreted as low-
esteem. An increasing time spent on Facebook is also a decreasing in the level of
self-esteem of the students.
6. From the result of the correlation test it can be concluded that there
is a negative relationship between the two variables. Increasing in the time spent on
Facebook would result in the decrease of the self-esteem of an individual. It can
also be concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation between social
media usage and self-esteem as the sig value shown in table 2 is less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION OF STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The ages of the participating student-respondents are 17 to 18 years old and

their sexes are male and female. Based on the researcher’s gathered data and
findings, the relationship of social media in the self-esteem of the student-
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respondents is 18.688. The significant difference in the effects of social media in

the self-esteem of the student-respondents when their profile is taken as test factor
is .02 in which it is less than 0.05 thereby meaning that it is statistically significant
and that the researchers reject the null hypothesis.
METHODOLOGY
The researchers used a quantitative approach for this paper. They

have chosen quantitative approach because the topic they have chosen demands a
deductive type of approach that is quantitative. The chosen respondents are 100
senior high school students from Adamson University may they have an account
on one or more of the social media sites available. As the sampling technique, the
researchers used non-probabilistic and convenience sampling. As per the research
instrument, the researchers used a questionnaire to conduct their survey and gather
data about their topic.
FINDINGS
At the 17 year-old-female-respondent category students who

spend more time in Facebook develops a decreasing self-esteem [see table 1.1: 17
Female (Self-esteem)]. Same outcome came from the 17 year-old-males-
respondent categories. The only difference is that the female category started from
19.6667 points for self-esteem down to 16.5 points.
As per the 18 year-old-female-respondent category the

respondent’s self-esteem points started at 15.3333 meaning that their self-esteem is
founded enough. As opposed to the 18 year-old-males-respondent category their
self-esteem started from 21.6 points for those who are just spending at least an hour
and a half on the social media sites. But as some of them spend more time on the
said sites their self-esteem depreciates little by little.
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RESULTS
The outcome of the study is that for 17-year-old either male or

female they both have a low self-esteem if they spend more time in social media
the more their self-esteem drops. Results from the 18-year-old females indicate that
they may have an acceptable foundation of self-esteem and as they spend more time
their self-esteem rose a bit and go down a bit as well but as can be inspected when
they spend at least 5 hours or more their self-esteem is slightly elevated than when
they are spending half an hour.
RECOMMENDATION
 Parents should monitor their children, they should observe the effects of
these social media platforms and accordingly to the time they spend on such
social networking sites.
 Respondents should be taken to seminars, workshops and awareness
program where they should be guided about self-esteem, self-recognition
and self-confidence.
 Parents and Teachers should raise the morale of students and make them
more confident in their conduct.
 Campaigns must be held to raise awareness in people regarding the negative
repercussions of social networking sites.
 Future Researchers are encouraged to conduct a study on the factors
affecting one’s level of effect of the social media to their self-esteem.
 Future Researchers are also encouraged to use qualitative approach to go
beyond our results.
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APPENDIX I: Approval of Research SOP and Objectives from the Principal;

noted by Practical Research Teacher and Inquiries, Investigation and
Immersion Instructor
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

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APPENDIX II: Approval of Research Questionnaire; Checked by Practical

Research Teacher and Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Instructor
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REFERENCES
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

CURRICULUM VITAE
JACK R. BERNALES
Block2 Phase2 Lot28 Garner St., Carenville Subd,. Brgy. Magdalo

Kawit Cavite
09491967171
E-mail: jack.roluna@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Date of Birth: September 25 2000

Age: 18
Gender: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary: Senior High School

Adamson University – Ermita Manila
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
2017 – Present
Junior High School

Bagong Barrio National High School – Caloocan City
2013 – 2017
Primary: Bagong Barrio Elementary School – Caloocan City

2007 – 2013
SKILLS & QUALIFICATIONS
1. Knowledgeable in Classifying the dosage form

2. Former Vice Chairman of “Batang Emergency Response Team (BERT)”
3. Fast learner. Sociable and Hard working
4. Dedicated, a team player and willing to be trained
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BERNARDO C. BULAWAN JR.
Phase 1 Extension Block 1

09491967171
E-mail: jack.roluna@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Date of Birth: September 25 2000

Age: 18
Gender: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary: Senior High School

Adamson University – Ermita Manila
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
2017 – Present
Junior High School

Bagong Barrio National High School – Caloocan City
2013 – 2017
Primary: Bagong Barrio Elementary School – Caloocan City

2007 – 2013
SKILLS & QUALIFICATIONS
1. Knowledgeable in Classifying the dosage form

2. Former Vice Chairman of “Batang Emergency Response Team (BERT)”
3. Fast learner. Sociable and Hard working
4. Dedicated, a team player and willing to be trained
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Research About Self Esteem

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY PAGE 1

This Research Paper entitled A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON FACEBOOK’S

Ms. Nicole B. Ribano, L.P.T.

Mr. Mike Oliver Gimao, L.P.T.

Dr. Lorna A. Espeso, L.P.T.

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For being so warm, welcoming, accommodating and understanding. If it were not

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FAMILY AND FRIENDS OF ALL THE RESEARCHERS:

Social media platforms, specifically Facebook have gained immense

This research was limited to the students of Adamson University and

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Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitations

Significance of the study

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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Respondents of the Study

Data Gathering Procedure

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

Result, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Number Title

Figure 1: The process of finding the effects of social media

Table No. Title

Table 1.1: 17 Female (Self-esteem)

Table 1.2: 17 Male (Self-esteem)

Table 1.3:18 Female (Self-esteem)

Table 1.4:18 Male (Self-esteem)

Table 1.5: Self-esteem

Table 2.1: Correlation

Table 2.2: Model Summary

Table 2.3: ANOVA

Table 2.4: Coefficients

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the profile of the respondents?

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3. Is there a significant difference in the relationship of social media in the

1. Be able to identify the profile of the respondents.

In an investigation conducted by Steers, Wickham, and Acitelli 2014,

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Individuals additionally put so much significance and a lot of their self-

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Questionnaire will be answered by the senior high school STEM

The effects of social media unto the self-esteem

Figure 1. The process of finding the effects of social media unto

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HA – Social media has an impact to the self-esteem of senior high school

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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1. Confidence - a feeling of self-assurance arising from any form of

2. Cyberbullying - utilization of electronic correspondence to spook any

3. Dejection - a low condition, weaknesses or inability.

4. Delusion - an impression that is firmly maintained despite being