S7P2 – Casing and Cementing

Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

1) Give two reasons for including a shoe track in a string of casing.

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2a) What is the function of float equipment?

2b) How do we check that it is functioning correctly?

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3) Why should the shoe track connections be thread-locked?

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4) What factors influences the number of joints used in a shoe track?

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5) Centralisers are used to improve "stand-off'. Calculate the stand-off in the case of 152.4 mm OD casing
run into a hole of diameter 228.6 mm. The minimum distance between the casing and the hole is 11.4 mm

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6) Why is casing centralization sometimes critical ?

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7) Give four factors affecting the choice of a centralisation programme.

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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8) Scratchers are used to assist mud cake removal. When using them the reciprocating stroke should
always exceed the scratcher spacing. If that is not done what is likely to happen?

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9) How would you increase the effectiveness of a cementing basket?

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10) Why is it so important to have a circulating head at hand that matches the casing being run?

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11) When and why is a slip-type elevator used?

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12) What checks should be made before using a slip-type elevator?

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13) What is the function of a C-plate on the RT under the Spider slips, normally used when surface
casing is being cemented to surface?

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14) What precautions will you take before, during and after making your mix-water?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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15) Before you start running casing which piece of equipment is retrieved from the wellhead?

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16) How can pressure surges while running the casing be reduced?

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17) Give two reasons why casing should be filled as it is run.

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18) Why must the top plug never be omitted in a single stage cementation?

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19) When is a two stage cementation done?

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20) Why is a surface casing cemented by the stinger cementing method?

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21) When attempting to minimise contamination of the cement by mud in any type of cementing
operation a pre-flush may be used. When using a low-density pre-flush its volume should be carefully
controlled. Too little pre-flush may result in ineffective mud displacement. What will be the effect of using

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date
too
much?

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22) After pumping and displacing the cement slurry, should the pressure be kept on the casing while the
cement hardens? Explain your answer.

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23) When performing a liner cementing operation, difficulties are often encountered in mud displacement
because of the inability to pump cement at high flow rates. Give three other sources of difficulty in the
operation.

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24) The return signal of the CBL is a function of the compressive strength of the cement, the quality of
the bond between casing and cement and the quality of the bond between cement and formation. Two
other factors determine the nature of the return signal what are they?

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25) Provide two examples of a cement Bond Log from your current OU and indicate where a good and
where a poor bond exists? Supply a photocopy as example

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26) Where a cement plug has to be positioned accurately, which plugging method would you use?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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27) When drilling cement plugs, what does the appearance of angular chips indicate?

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28) The following casing string is to be cemented in two stages:

0 - 100 m 244.5 mm 64.7 kg/m N80 Buttress

100 - 1,850 m 244.5 mm 59.5 kg/m N80 Buttress
1,850 - 2,400 m 244.5 mm 64.7 kg/m N80 Buttress

The shoe is at 2,400 m, the float collar at 2,370 m and the stage collar at 1,585 m. standard two-stage
cementing system with opening bomb is used. The previous string comprises 339.7 mm, 101.2 kg/m
casing set at 900 m and the diameter of the open hole is 311.1 mm.

a) How many cubic metres of drilling fluid should be pumped between the top plug of the first stage
and the opening plug of the second stage?

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b) How many cubic metres of drilling fluid should be pumped after opening the stage collar to
remove all excess cement from the first stage from the hole?

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c) The drilling fluid in the above question must be circulated out slowly to avoid putting too great a
pressure on the cement of the first stage. If the cement needs to be circulated out of the well in
one hour how fast should it be circulated with a 254 mm x 152.4 mm triplex pump having a
volumetric efficiency of 96%?

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d) How many sacks of Class A cement mixed with 4% bentonite are required to cement the second
stage to surface?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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e) How many cubic metres of drilling fluid should be pumped after the closing plug?

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f) How many pump strokes does this take using the pump in question (c) above?

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29) A string consisting of 100m of 473.1 mm 130.2 kg/m casing is cemented with a slurry density of
2,000 kg/m3 using the stinger method?
a) What is the upward force acting on the casing?

b) What drilling fluid density should be used to displace the cement to ensure that it does not move
upwards after cementing?

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30) The figure shows the situation where you are required to set a kick-off/sidetrack plug. The TOC (top
of cement) depth noted is that required when the pipe is out of the cement. 100 ft of spacer ahead is
required. The stinger is 2-7/8", EU, 6.5 lbs/ft tubing.

95/8" 53.5# casing

5" 19.5# G pipe

Top 2 7/8" stinger: 8,840 ft

Top Of Cement (TOC) required at 8,907 ft

Top of section: 8,960 ft

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

Section milled diameter 12 3/8 "

Bottom of Section: 9,006 ft

Bottom of stinger: 9,049 ft

Top of bridge plug: 9,050 ft

a) What cement type would you use and why would you recommend that type of cement for this
application?

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b) What cement slurry volume will you need?

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c) What will the height of cement be with the pipe still in the cement plug?

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d) How much spacer behind will you run?

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e) How much mud will you use to displace the plug?

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31) Using the data from your current well, provide the following for the stinger cementation of your
surface casing.

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

Include a copy of the well program front sheet and a copy of the Cementing Contractor Lab report to
confirm the data used in your calculations.
a) Why is surface casing cemented by the stinger method?

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b) What did you do to confirm that the stinger is compatible with the Stab-in Shoe?

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c) What is the weight of the casing string in mud?

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d) What is the weight of the casing string in cement?

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e) What are the fast line and dynamic crown loads on bottom?

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f) What is the safety factor of the drilling line?

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g) What is the total volume of slurry required?

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h) How many kgs of cement will be needed ? Tail and Lead?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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i) How many m3 of mix water will be needed?

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j) What additives and how much of each is required?

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k) How many m3 mix water will you prepare? Inclusive dead volume and extra.

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l) How much additives will you add to the mix water that is prepared?

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m) How many m3 of mud will be required to displace the cement?

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n) What is the expected differential pressure just before stopping displacement?

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o) Thickening time for each cement?

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p) Total time for the job?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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q) Annular velocity during the chase?

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r) Total mud returns from the start of the casing job?

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s) How did you check for back-flow? What is correct procedure if back-flow is encountered?

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32) On the same basis as the previous question, provide the following for the most recent liner
cementation in which you have been involved.

a) What is the liner weight in mud?

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b) At what pressure will your liner hanger set?

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c) What is minimum required set back weight on liner running tool after hanger is set to prevent it
being pumped out? Prove with calculations.

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d) At what pressure will the ball seat shear?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

e) What is the total volume (in m3) of slurry required?

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f) How many kgs of cement will be needed?

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g) How many m3 of mix water will be needed?

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h) What additives and how much of each is required?

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i) How many m3 mix water will you prepare? Inclusive dead volume and extra.

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j) How much additive(s) will you add to mix water prepared?

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k) How many m3 of mud will be required to displace the cement till the shear of the Liner Wiper
Plug?

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l) How many m3 of mud will be required till the bump of the Liner Wiper Plug?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

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m) What is the differential pressure just before the plug is bumped?

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n) Thickening time for each cement?

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o) Total time for the job?

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p) Annular velocity during the chase?

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q) Total mud returns from the start of the casing job?

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r) How did you check for back-flow? What is correct procedure if back-flow is encountered?

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S7P2 – Casing and Cementing
Candidate (print name) Received By Mentor Name (print) Signature & date

Maximum score: 1140

Total score :

Minimum pass mark: 70%

Actual mark:

Fail / Pass for S7P2

Nomenclature of marking;

15 points. Fully understood question

10 points You are on the right track
5 points You made the effort, however lots of additional ground still to be covered
0 points Complete misunderstanding / nothing filled in

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