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GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE

ABSTRACT NOUN: A NOUN DENOTING AN COMMON NOUN: A NOUN DENOTING A


IDEA, QUALITY OR STATE RATHER THAN A CLASS OF OBJECTS OR A CONCEPT AS
CONCRETE OBJECT OPPOSED TO A PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL

GERUND: A FORM THAT IS DERIVED PROPER NOUN: A NAME USED FOR


FROM A VERB BUT FUNCTION AS A
NOUN, IN ENGLISH ENDING WITH
NOUN AN INDIVIDUAL, PLACE OR
ORGANIZATION, SPELLED WITH
-ING INITIAL CAPITAL LETTERS

COMPOUND NOUN: A NOUN THAT MADE


UP OF TWO OR MORE WORDS. THE FIRST COLLECTIVE NOUN: A NOUN THAT
WORD IS EITHER MODIFIED BY A NOUN OR DENOTES A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS,
AN ADJECTIVE. ANIMALS OR THINGS

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 ABSTRACT
Emotion Do not play with one’s emotion.
Idea I have an idea!
Thought I have a bad thought about the game.

2 COMMON
Apple I ate an apple.
Bread She likes bread.
School They hate to go to the school.

3 PROPER
Jack Sparrow The main character in the movie is Jack Sparrow.
London Zoo London Zoo is closed by the authority.
Thursday I have an interview on this Thursday.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


4 COLLECTIVE
A flock of sheep He is in charge of a flock of sheep.
A bunch of grapes They ate that bunch of grapes.
A herd of cows I can see a herd of cows from here.
A pack of wolves They were hunted by a pack of wolves.
A litter of kittens She left me a litter of kittens.

5 COMPOUND
Playground My parents brought me to the playground yesterday.
Blackboard The teacher writes something on the blackboard.
Homework I haven’t done my English homework.

6 GERUND
Planning The planning is remarkable!
Jogging The jogging makes me feel healthier.
Stalking The secret agent still goes with the stalking.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN:
RECIPROCAL PRONOUN: DONE TO EACH SHOWING PRONOUN PERSONAL PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT SHOWS
DONE
OF THE OTHERS CONTRASTS OF PERSON, GENDER, NUMBER
AND CASE

INDEFINITE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT IS POSSESSIVE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT


NOT REFERRING TO ANY PERSON,
AMOUNT OR THING IN PARTICULAR
PRONOUN SHOWS OWNERSHIP

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN:

PRONOUN USED TO ASK QUESTION


RELATIVE PRONOUN:
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT
PRONOUN REFERS TO THE ONE YOU REFER TO SUBJECT
MEAN

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 RECIPROCAL Each other We love each other.
One another They trust one another.

2 DEMONSTRATIVE This This is my house.


These These are my books.
That That is my opinion.
Those Those are my relatives.

3 PERSONAL I I have a meeting right now.


You You are my best friend.
We We stay here for the night.
They They are looking for me.
He He is a handsome man.
She She is awesome!
It It is your responsibility.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


4 POSSESSIVE My, Your, Our, Their, His, My father works as a salesperson.
Her, Its
Your mother is a good cook.
Our neighbourhood is a safe place.
Their house was damaged in the storm.
His brother is a criminal.
Her father is very fierce.
Its tail is short.
5 REFLEXIVE Myself, Yourself, Ourselves, I can do it myself.
Themselves, Himself,
Please take the meal yourself.
Herself, Itself
We can go there by ourselves.
They build the minaret themselves.
He injured himself.
She made the cake herself.
It fell by itself.
6 INTERROGATIVE Who, When, Where, Which, Who is the owner of this restaurant?
Whose, Whom
When are you coming?
Where are you heading to?
Which one is your car?
Whose handbag is this?
To whom should I give this wallet?

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


7 RELATIVE Who, When, Where, Which, This is the man who hired me yesterday.
Whose, Whom
It feels weird when you bump into your ex-wife.
Kota Bharu is the place where we are going.
Padini is the shop which I went with my brother
yesterday.
8 INDEFINITE Somebody Somebody need to make that important
decision.
Anybody
Flying fox activity can be done by anybody.
Anything
Anything can happen in politics.
None
It is none of my business.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


BLACK AND WHITE- YOUNG HANDSOME-
CAT, PHOTO, TV BOY, MAN

COMPARES 3 OR
MORE THINGS
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE THAT DESCRIBES A NOUN

A GROUP OF WORDS CLEAN


1/2 SYLLABLES THAT DESCRIBE A NOUN
DIRTY

INTELLIGENT
+ EST ADJECTIVE PHRASE

CLEANEST COMPARES
2 THINGS
Y ENDING: COMPARATIVE
+ IEST

1/2 SYLLABLES
DIRTIEST
ADJECTIVE + ER

3 > SYLLABLES CLEANER

ADD ‘MOST’ Y ENDING:


+ IER
THE MOST
INTELLIGENT
IRREGULAR DIRTIER
IRREGULAR: THE BEST
BAD-WORSE-WORST 3 > SYLLABLES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE MUCH MORE MOST
ADD ‘MORE’
A GROUP OF WORDS WITH A LITTLE LESS LEAST
MORE
VERB THAT DESCRIBES A GOOD-BETTER-BEST
…WHO IS WEARING INTELLIGENT
NOUN
A BASEBALL CAP?
IRREGULAR: GOOD-BETTER

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE

1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE Wearing…Baseball cap Wearing baseball cap?

2 ADJECTIVE PHRASE Adjective Phrase Order: Young handsome man.


Determiner, Physical
Appearance, Size, Shape,
Age, Colour, Origin,
Material, Qualifier
Young…Handsome
3 COMPARATIVE/COMPARISON OF Cleaner My house is cleaner than yours.
ADJECTIVE
Dirtier The restaurant is dirtier than that one.

4 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE Cleanest The class is the cleanest.


Dirtiest My car is the dirtiest.
The best I want to be the best teacher in the world.
5 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE 1. Bad-Worse-Worst 1. She is a bad girl.
But, Hawa is worse than her.
2. Much-More-Most Aziz is the worst.
2. I hate him so much.
3. Little-Less-Least I hate him more.
I hate him the most.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


4. Good-Better-Best 3. Let’s have a little rest.
I have less rest.
I have the least rest among my friends.
4. I feel good.
I feel better.
This is the best feeling that I ever had.
6 ADJECTIVE THAT DESCRIBES A Clean My car looks clean.
NOUN
Dirty That is a very dirty plate.
Intelligent He is an intelligent boy.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


TELL WHY- PURPOSE TELL HOW OFTEN-FREQUENCY

MODIFY A VERB,
ADJECTIVE OR ANOTHER
ADVERB

TELL WHEN-TIME ADVERB TELL HOW IT IS DONE- MANNER

TELL TO WHAT DEGREE/LEVEL


TELL WHERE-PLACE

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 TELL WHY- PURPOSE To avoid We need to avoid overslept.
To get Sylvia needs to get an A for her Literature paper.
To remember It is hard to remember important dates.
2 TELL HOW OFTEN- Often We often forget to call our parents.
FREQUENCY
Never You should never reveal your identity!
Always We must always smile.
Sometimes Life is unpredictable, sometimes.
3 TELL HOW IT IS DONE- Hardly She tries to settle her problems hardly.
MANNER
Carefully Please handle the package carefully.
Quickly He quickly rode his bike.
Beautifully He build the yatch model beautifully.
4 TELL TO WHAT Bare He picked up the rubbish with his bare hands.
DEGREE/LEVEL
Scarce They ate the scarce food.
Almost Goats will eat almost anything.
Near The plant was near dead when I got it.
Quite I am quite capable of doing it myself.
Just it is just a figure of speech

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


5 TELL WHERE-PLACE Here I am here to help you.
There Go to your room and stay there.
Everywhere This new book is awaited by fans everywhere.
Outside The house looks nice from the outside.
Upstairs My father is upstairs.
6 TELL WHEN-TIME Afterwards Afterwards, he got his promotion.
Before He left just before sunrise.
Yet I have not read the book yet.
Still I am still waiting for your book submission.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


SPECIFIC THE
SINGULAR
THE SPECIFIC
UNCOUNTABLE GENERAL

COUNTABLE
A / AN GENERAL

NOUN
PLURAL
TO GENERALISE
THE SPECIFIC

GENERAL ALSO CALLED


ARTICLES MODIFY NOUN DETERMINERS

TYPES OF ARTICLES TO PARTICULISE

ZERO ARTICLE The (Definite):


A/An (Indefinite):
1. To be mentioned before
1. Singular USED WHEN A NOUN IS 2. The only thing
2. General statement NOT PRECEDED BY A 3. Superlative
3. Expression of price, DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) 4. Name of countries, rivers,
speed and ration OR INDEFINITE ARTICLE oceans, musical instruments,
4. Expression/idioms (A/AN) canals, desert, forests, lakes etc.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 A I took a picture at the beach.
SINGULAR- GENERAL She was a very gorgeous girl.
(COUNTABLE)
He buys a book from the bookstore.
INDEFINITE
2 An Aiman works as an engineer.
I want to be an entrepreneur.
She was an actress.
3 SINGULAR/PLURAL- The That man is the culprit for this damage.
SPECIFIC(COUNTABLE)
The baby cries day and night.
SPECIFIC (UNCOUNTABLE)
I am not going to be the bridesmaid for the
DEFINITE wedding.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


DECLARATIVE
TELL US WHAT ACTION
STATEMENT IS HAPPENING
MOOD
SHOW MENTAL/PHYSICAL ACTION

BEING
INTERROGATIVE
QUESTIONING IS/ARE/WAS/WERE/
AM/HAS/HAVE/HAD DOING

AUXILIARY FEELING
IMPERATIVE
SAYING
INSTRUCTION

TRANSITIVE

VERB WITH OBJECT


PASSIVE VOICE
INTRANSITIVE
OBJECT
PERFORMS
ACTION ACTIVE WITHOUT
OBJECT
SUBJECT
PERFORMS INFINITIVE
ACTION
A WORD FORMED FROM A
TO + VERB PARTICIPLE VERB AND USED AS AN
ADJECTIVE OR A NOUN

PRESENT

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 MOOD Declarative I eat an apple.
Interrogative Do you eat an apple?
Imperative Eat your apple.
2 AUXILIARY Is/Are/Was/Were/Am/Has I am eating an apple.
Have/Had I have a meeting later.
I had a breakfast just now.
3 SHOW MENTAL/PHYSICAL Being-Am/Is/Are He is a genius.
ACTION
Doing-Eat/Drink I eat too many apples.
Feeling-Love/Hate I hate her.
Saying-Speak/Talk We will talk about that later.
4 TRANSITIVE With object I eat an apple.

5 INTRANSITIVE Without object The bell rings.

6 PARTICIPLE Present I eat my dinner silently.


Past I have eaten my dinner.
7 INFINITIVE To The Prime Minister wants to strengthen bilateral
tie with Thailand.
8 VOICE Active I drive the Lamborghini.
Passive The Lamborghini is driven by me.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO PREPOSITION AT

LAST, NEXT,
FOR PRECISE
THIS, EVERY
TIME/OTHER

PREPOSITION
(TIME)

IN
ON
LONGER PERIOD

DAYS DATE
OTHER

AFTER SOME TIME

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 NO PREPOSITION Last Last school holiday, I went to Pulau Langkawi.
Next Next Monday, I have a camping.
This This coming summer is so exciting!
Every Every weekend, I will go back to my parents’ house.
2 AT For precise time :
At seven o’clock I need to go home at seven o’clock.
At 12.15 p.m. Meet me at the canteen at 12.15 p.m.
At midnight The church bell rang at midnight.
Other :
At the moment She does not want to see me at the moment.
At the same time We arrived home at the same time.
3 IN Longer Period:
In January The course will be held in January.
In 2018 I arrived at Singapore in 2018.
In 21st century We are living in the 21st century.
After Some Time:
In the morning I met the principal in the morning.
In the afternoon We have Physics class in the afternoon.
In the evening We play football in the evening.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


Other:
In 5 minutes See me in five minutes!
In four weeks The form will be processed in four weeks.
4 ON Date:
On 31st December The marathon will be held on 31st December.
On 12 August We got married on 12 August.
Days:
On Saturday Our Family Day is held on Saturday.
On Hari Raya I cannot wait to see you on Hari Raya.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


Preposition Of Preposition Of
Manner: Location/Position:
With/In In/On/At/By/Near/Beside/Behin
d/Between/Under/Next To/Over

PREPOSITION
(OTHERS)
Preposition Of Direction:
Preposition Of
Similarity: From/Along/Past/Though/Into/
Out Of/Down/Up/Towards
As…as

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 PREPOSITION OF MANNER With Please stay with me!
In She puts five dollars in my pocket.
2 PREPOSITION OF In The school is located in the village area.
LOCATION/POSITION
On I put the bag on the table just now.
At “Meet me at the library”
By We walked by the sea shore.
Near My house is near the post office.
Beside The police station is beside the mall.
Behind He put the note behind me.
Between I stand between the two tall guys.
Under I never put my money under the pillow.
Next to Mira parks her car next to mine.
Over The airplane flies over my head.
3 PREPOSITION OF From I get this form from the counter.
DIRECTION
Along I drove along Jalan kasturi.
Past I went past the KWSP building.
Through I walk through the crowd.
Into Amran went into the office confidently.
Out Of Get out of here!

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


Down Please put the gun down!
Up The hot balloon go up to the sky.
Towards He walks towards me.
4 PREPOSITION OF As…..as……. The item is as good as new.
SIMILARITY
He runs as fast as lightning.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


ADVICE ABILITY

REQUEST

OUGHT TO

OUGHT NOT TO PROBABILITY


CAN
SHOULD/SHOULD
NOT

EXPRESSION OF
NECESSITY OR MIGHT
POSSIBILITY
MODALS
WEAK PROBABILITY

MAY
COULD (PAST)

ABILITY POLITE REQUEST


MUST MUST NOT

PROBABILITY
REQUEST

DEDUCTION PROHIBITION
PERSONAL
OBLIGATION

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 ADVICE Should/Should Not You should go to the doctor.
You should not skip school.

2 ABILITY Can I can finally answer the question!


REQUEST Can you give me five dollars?
PROBABILITY It can be the greatest event of the year.
3 WEAK PROBABILITY Might It might rain in the evening.

4 POLITE REQUEST May May I ask you a question?


PROBABILITY May be I can give you my permission?
5 PROHIBITION Must Not You must not smoke in this restaurant.

6 DEDUCTION Must She must be the murderer


PERSONAL OBLIGATION
7 REQUEST Could Could you please pass me the salt?
ABILITY He could surpass me.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


ARTICLE

NUMERAL
DEMONSTRATIVE

QUANTIFIERS DETERMINER

INTERROGATIVE
POSSESSIVE

ORDINAL

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NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE SENTENCE
1 ARTICLE A/An/The She is a widow.
I stepped on an ant.
We stopped by the river.
2 DEMONSTRATIVE This/These This is my favourite food.
That/Those These are very delicious doughnuts.
That man is watching me.
Those people are homeless.
3 INTERROGATIVE Whose Whose bag is that?
Which Which one is your house?
What What can I do to help you?
How Many How many people are going to the seminar?
How Much How much should I pay you?
4 ORDINAL First I won the first prize.
Second She was ranked as the second in the list.
Last I was the last person leaving the class.
5 POSSESSIVE My That is my boyfriend.
Your Can I borrow your car?
His That is his shirt.
6 QUANTIFIER Some Give me some money, please?
Many She has many earrings.
More Give me more sauce, please?
A Few I need a few of paper clips.
Third She is my third wife.
7 NUMERAL One Please turn to page one.
Two Give me two kilograms of chili, please?
Three Three robbers ran away with RM2.6 billion.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE
 After  Once

 Although  Rather than

 As  Since

 As if  So that

 As long as  Than

 As much as  That

 As soon as  In order that

 As though  Unless

 Because  Until

 Before  When

 Even if  Whenever

 Even though  Where

 If  Wherever

 Though  while
NOR…NEITHER
AND
FOR

BUT

YET
OR

SO

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD SENTENCE
EXAMPLE
1 SUBORDINATING After Let’s go to the mall after lunch.
CONJUNCTION
Although He still trust me although I lied to him.
As She walked away as I arrived.
As if You look as if you were a beggar.
As long as I will support you as long as I can.
As much as I love you as much as you love me.
As soon as I will be there as soon as possible.
As though Amran seems as though he wants to leave.
Because She ran because she was afraid.
Before I already knew her before we got married.
Even if Mena still smiles even if she lose.
Even though Ray still runs even though his foot injured.
If If you do not like me, you can leave!
Though Though it was raining, we went hiking.
Once She did not once thank me.
Rather than I prefer durian rather than rambutan.
Since He had two jobs since he graduated.
So that I struggle so that I can have a better future.
Than It is easier said than done.
That He told me that I need to work hard.
In order I studied hard in order to pass my exam.
Unless I can’t help you unless you tell me the truth.
Until At least wait until the doctor sees her.
When You had been there when I needed you.
Whenever Please see me whenever you’re free.
Where Taj Mahal is the place where we will go.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


Wherever Remember your family wherever you go.
While Chen called while you were out.
2 COORDINATING For The Prime Minister acted for the best.
CONJUNCTION
And My friend and I went for picnic.
Neither…Nor Neither May nor did I fit for the task.
But I wanted to join but I’ve to help my mother.
Or You should do your job or you can quit!
Yet I’ve allergies to cats, yet I’ve three of them.
So I am a vegetarian, so I don’t eat meat.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


1. Simple Past Tense (SPT) –
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that
HAPPENED in the past
PCT – was/were
+ [Verb+ing] Structure:
S + [Verb + (ed/Irregular Verb)]
Example:
Jalil walked through the corridor. [S +V+ed]
Amy went to Johor Premium Outlet. [S + V
+ Irregular Verb]
2. Past Continuous Tense (PCT) -
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that WAS
HAPPENING in the past
Structure:
S+ Was/were + [Verb+ing]
Example:
Jalil was walking through the corridor.
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense [S+ Was + (Verb+ing)]
(PPcT) -
Amy and her friends were going to Johor
Function: Premium Outlet. [S+ Were + (Verb+ing)]
Describes about the thing/action that 3. Past Perfect Tense (PPcT) -
ALREADY COMPLETED AND
Function:
ONGOING in the past
Describes about the thing/action that
Structure:
COMPLETED in the past
S + Had + Been + (Verb + ing) Structure:
Example: S + Had + [Verb+ ed/Irregular Verb]
Jalil had been walking through the Example:
corridor. [S + Had + Been + (Verb +
ing)] Jalil had walked through the corridor. [S +
Had + (V +ed)]
Amy had been going to Johor
Premium Outlet. [S + Had + Been + Amy and her friends had went to Johor
(Verb + ing)] Premium Outlet. [S + Had +Irregular Verb]

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


1. Simple Present Tense (SPrT) –
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that
happens at the time it is spoken
Structure:

S + (Verb + s/es/ies)Ⓢ/Ⓟ

Example:
Jalil walks alone. [S + (Verb + s)]
Amy cries. [S + (Verb + ies)]
2. Present Continuous Tense (PrCT) -
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that is
HAPPENING at the time it is spoken
Structure:
S+ Was/were + [Verb+ing]
Example:
Jalil was walking through the corridor.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense [S+ Was + (Verb+ing)]
(PPcT) -
Amy and her friends were going to Johor
Function: Premium Outlet. [S+ Were + (Verb+ing)]

Describes about the thing/action that 3. Present Perfect Tense (PrPcT) -


ALREADY COMPLETED AND Function:
ONGOING at the time it is spoken
Describes about the thing/action that
Structure: ALREADY COMPLETED at the time it is
S + Has/Have + Been + (Verb + ing) spoken

Example: Structure:

Jalil has been walking alone. [S + Has S + Has/Have + [Verb+ ed/Irregular Verb]
+ Been + (Verb + ing)] Example:
Amy and her friends have been going Amy and her friends has went to Johor
to Johor Premium Outlet. [S + Have + Premium Outlet. [S + Had +Irregular Verb]
Been + (Verb + ing)]

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE


1. Simple Future Tense (SFT) –
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that WILL
HAPPEN in the future
Structure:
S + Will/Shall + Root Word (Kata Asal)
Example:
Jalil will/shall walk to school.
[S + Will/Shall + Verb + RW]
2. Future Continuous Tense (FCT) -
Function:
Describes about the thing/action that is
HAPPENING in the future
Structure:
S + Will/Shall + Be + (Verb + ing)
Example:
Jalil will/shall be walking alone.
[S + Will/Shall + Be + (Verb + ing)]
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(FPcT) - 3. Future Perfect Tense (FPcT) -
Function: Function:
Describes about the thing/action that is Describes about the thing/action that is
COMPLETED AND ONGOING in the COMPLETED in the future
future
Structure:
Structure:
S + Will/Shall + Have + [Verb+ ed/Irregular
S + Will/Shall + Have + [Verb+ ing] Verb]
Example: Example:

Amy and her friends will have been Amy will/shall have went to Johor Premium
going to Johor Premium Outlet. S + Outlet
Will/Shall + Have + (Verb+ ing)]
[S + Will/Shall + Have + (Verb+ ed/Irregular
**‘Will’ should be used with second Verb)]
and third person pronouns (you, he,
**‘Shall’ should be used with first person
she, it, they).
pronouns (I,we) / when asking question.

GRAMMAR T-MAP BY ZARIFF SHAFIE

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