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http://www.daysteel.co.uk
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Loads on a Structure
• What are the loads (and potential loads) on a
structure?
– Basic load categories are listed in the NBCC/OBC
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Loads on a Structure
• The Ontario Building Code (OBC) specifies the
types of loads to be considered on a structure
– D - Dead Load – self-weight of all structural
material, cladding, roofing material, mechanical
ducts, electrical etc. Permanent loads of all
building components
• Dead Loads for various materials are provided in the
Steel Handbook – pg. 7-69
Loads on a Structure
– L - Live Load – occupancy (ex. people), cranes,
variable loads
• OBC specifies minimum values of live load (see handout
for examples)
Loads on a Structure
– S - Snow Load – variable load due to snow
including ice and rain, variable load due to rain
• OBC has climatic data (see handout for examples). OBC
rules for calculating S.
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4813218.stm
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Loads on a Structure
– W - Wind Load– variable load due to wind
• OBC rules for calculating W
www.cartoonstock.com
www.payhembury-weather.co.uk/
Loads on a Structure
– E – Earthquake Load
• Depends on site conditions, structure type - OBC rules
for calculating E
– T – effects due to contraction expansion due to
temperature changes, moisture changes, creep
etc.
– P – permanent effects caused by prestress
– H – permanent load due to lateral earth pressure
(incl. Groundwater).
– Other loads
Loads on a Structure
• In this course, we will typically consider:
– Dead Loads
Loads act downwards (gravity
– Snow Loads loads)
– Live Loads
– Wind Loads (acting perpendicular to a surface)
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