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Engineering Procedure
SAEP-370 17 July 2014

Transportation of Radioactive Material
Document Responsibility: Environmental Standards Committee
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents
1 Scope.............................................................. 2
2 Objective......................................................... 2
3 Applicable Documents.................................... 2
4 Definitions....................................................... 3
5 Responsibilities............................................... 9
6 Receiving a Package.................................... 10
7 Shipping Documentation............................... 11
8 Preparation of a Package for Transport........ 11
9 Marking of the Transport Package................ 13
10 Transport by Vehicle..................................... 15
11 Actions in the Event of Emergency............... 18
12 Transportation by Air.....................................18
13 General Rules for Transport......................... 19
14 Training......................................................... 20
Appendix 1 – Distribution of Radioactive
Nuclides by Toxicity...................................... 21
Appendix 2 – Activity Limits and Material
Restrictions for Radioisotopes Commonly
Transported in Saudi Aramco....................... 24
Appendix 3 – Emergency Response Guide for
Transport Incidents Involving Radioactive
Materials (Low Level Radiation)....................25
Appendix 4 – Emergency Response Guide for
Transport Incidents Involving Radioactive
Materials (Special Form/Low to High Level
External Radiation)....................................... 28
Previous Issue: 16 March 2009 Next Planned Update: 17 July 2019

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Primary contact: Cowie, Michael Ian (cowiemi) on +966-13-8809747
Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2014. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Environmental Standards Committee SAEP-370
Issue Date: 17 July 2014
Next Planned Update: 17 July 2019 Transportation of Radioactive Material
1 Scope
This procedure details the minimum requirements for the safe transportation of
radioactive material.
2 Objective
The aim of this document is to ensure the protection of personnel and the environment
from the hazards of radioactive material during transportation and to ensure the safety
and security of the radioactive material being transported.
3 Applicable Documents
The requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in
this procedure.
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-358 Management of Technologically Enhanced
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
(NORM)
SAEP-1141 Radiation Protection for Industrial Radiography
General Instructions
GI-0150.003 Ionizing Radiation Protection
GI-0150.007 Ionizing Radiation Protection Handling Unsealed
Radioactive Sources and Contamination Control
GI-1310.000 Transportation of Dangerous Goods Onboard Saudi
Aramco Aircraft
Saudi Government Regulations for Radiation Protection, (GRA 2006)

IAEA Requirements No. Safety Regulations for the Safe Transport
(TS-R-1) 2005 of Radioactive Materials, 2005 Edition
KA CARE Transport Regulations
US Department of Transport, Pipeline, and Hazardous Materials Safety

Administration, 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook
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4 Definitions
A1 and A2 Values: A1 shall mean the activity value of special form radioactive material
which is used to determine the activity requirements for transportation. A2 shall mean
the activity value of radioactive material (not special form) which is used to determine
the activity requirements for transportation.
Carrier: shall mean any person or organization undertaking the carriage of radioactive
material by any means of transport. The term includes contract carriers.
Competent Authority: shall mean any national or international regulatory body of

authority designated or recognized as such in connection with the regulation of
transportation of radioactive material.
Contamination: The deposition of unwanted radioactive material on the surfaces of

structures, areas, objects, or people. It may also be airborne, external, or internal (inside
components or people). For the purpose of transportation contamination shall mean the
presence of a radioactive substance on a surface in quantities in excess of 0.4 Bq/cm2
for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other
alpha emitters. There are two types of contamination, namely:
 Non-fixed contamination which is contamination that can be removed from a
surface during routine conditions of transport.
 Fixed contamination which is contamination other than non-fixed contamination.
Consignee: shall mean any person or organization which receives a consignment.
Consignment: shall mean any package or packages, or load of radioactive material,

presented by a consignor for transport.
Consignor: shall mean any person or organization which prepares a consignment for
transport.
Conveyance: shall mean:

 for transport by road or rail: any vehicle
 for transport by water: any vessel, or any hold, compartment or defined deck area
of a vessel, and
 for transport by air: any aircraft.
Exclusive Use: shall mean the sole use by a single consignor of a conveyance or of a
large freight container, in respect of which all initial, intermediate and final loading and
unloading is carried out in accordance with the directions of the consignor or consignee.
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Freight Container: shall mean an article of transport equipment designed to facilitate

the transport of goods, either packaged or unpackaged, by one or more modes of
transport without intermediate reloading which is of a permanent enclosed character,
rigid and strong enough for repeated use, and must be fitted with devices facilitating its
handling, particularly in transfer between conveyances and from one mode of transport
to another. A small freight container is that which has either an overall outer dimension
less than 1.5 m, or an internal volume of not more than 3 m3. Any other freight
container is considered a large freight container.
Government Regulatory Authority: is the National authority responsible for

radiation protection in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Low Specific Activity (LSA) material: shall mean radioactive material which by its
nature has a limited specific activity, or radioactive material for which limits of
estimated average specific activity apply. External shielding materials surrounding
LSA material shall not be considered in determining the estimated average specific
activity. LSA material shall be in one of three groups:
LSA-I
 Uranium and thorium ores and concentrates of such ores, and other ores
containing naturally occurring radionuclides which are intended to be
processed for the use of these radionuclides.
 Natural Uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium or their compounds or
mixtures, providing they are unirradiated and in solid or liquid form.
 Radioactive Material for which the A2 value is unlimited.
 Radioactive material in which the activity is distributed throughout the
estimated average specific activity does not exceed 30 times the values for
activity concentration specified in the Activity Limits and material restrictions
detailed in Appendix 2, or Section IV of IAEA Safety Regulations for the Safe
Transport of Radioactive Material (TS-R-1) 2005.
LSA-II
 Water with tritium concentrations up to 0.8 TBq/L; or
 Other material in which the activity is distributed throughout and the estimated
average specific activity does not exceed 10-4 A2/g for solids and gases, and
10-5 A2/g for liquids.
LSA-III
Solids (e.g., consolidated wastes, and activated materials), excluding powders, in
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which:
 The radioactive material is relatively insoluble, or it is intrinsically contained
in a relatively insoluble matrix, so that even under loss of packaging, the loss
of the radioactive material per package by leaching when placed in water for
seven days would not exceed 0.1 A2; and
 The estimate average specific activity of the solid, excluding any shielding
material, does not exceed 2 x 10-3 A2/g.
Overpack: is an enclosure such as a box or bag which is used to facilitate the handling
stowage and carriage of radioactive material during transport.
Package: shall mean the packaging with its radioactive contents as presented for
transport. Every package shall have the following information markings:
 Sender
 Receiver
 UN Number (See Appendix 3)
 Package Type (IP-1, IP-2, Type A, Type B (U), etc.
The types of packages covered by this procedure are:
Excepted package: contains quantities of radioactive material sufficiently small

(e.g., smoke detectors) they can be transported with limited administrative
controls and without externally visible radiation warning labels.
Industrial package: these are used to transport materials known in the

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Transport Regulations (TS-R-1) as
low specific activity (LSA) or surface contaminated objects (SCO), in Saudi
Aramco this would relate to naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)
contaminated equipment, and NORM waste. Industrial packages are sub-divided
into three categories designated as IP-1, IP-2 and IP-3, which differ regarding the
degree to which they are required to withstand routine and normal conditions of
transport. The Requirements for Industrial Packages are detailed in Table 1.
The required tests simulate normal transport conditions such as a fall from a
vehicle, exposure to rain, or being struck by a sharp object, or having other cargo
stacked on top.
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Table 1 – Design Test Requirements for Industrial Package Types
Criteria IP-1 IP-2 IP-3
Design Requirements  General  General  General requirements for all

Requirements for requirements for all packages.
all packages. packages.  Additional pressure and
 Additional pressure  Additional pressure temperature requirements if
and temperature and temperature transported by air.
requirements if requirements if  Type A additional
transported by air. transported by air. requirements.
Test Requirements N/A  Free drop (from 0.3 Each of the following tests must
to 1.2 meter be preceded by a water spray
depending on the test:
mass of the  Free drop (from 0.3 to 1.2
package) meter depending on the mass
 Stacking or of the package).
compression.  Stacking or compression.
Where the package is
subjected for a period of 24
hours to a compressive load
equal to the greater of five
times the weight of the actual
package, or the equivalent of
1300 kg/m² multiplied by the
vertical projected area of the
package. The load is applied
uniformly to what is
considered the top of the
package.
 Penetration (6 kg bar dropped
from 1 meter).
Type A package: these provide a safe and economical means to transport

relatively small quantities of radioactive material. These packages are expected to
retain their integrity under the kind of conditions that are considered likely to
occur during transportation, i.e., falling from a vehicle, being struck by a sharp
object which may penetrate the surface, being exposed to rain and having other
cargo stacked on top of it. These must meet certain requirements for temperature,
pressure, drop, puncture, water spray and penetration.
Type B package: these are used to carry larger amounts of radioactive material
and must be able to withstand the effects of a severe incident. To demonstrate this
ability tests for resistance to impact, penetration, fire and water immersion,
representing hypothetical incident conditions are required. Each package must be
approved by the relevant competent authority in the country where the package
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was designed. The packages used to carry industrial radiography sources are
Type B packages. Type B packages are either unilaterally approved [Type B(U)]
where they are approved by the Competent Authority of the country of design
only or multilaterally approved [Type B(M)] where the package is approved by
the Competent Authorities of all the countries which the package travels through
or into.
Radioactive Material: Any substance that emits ionizing radiation above exemption
limits specified by government regulations. IAEA Safety Series 115 shall be used
wherever exemption limits are not defined by government regulations.
Specific Activity: of a radionuclide shall mean the activity per unit mass of that
nuclide. The specific activity of a material shall mean the activity per unit mass of the
material in which the radionuclides are essentially uniformly distributed.
Surface Contaminated Object (SCO): shall mean a solid object which is not itself
radioactive but which has radioactive material distributed on its surfaces. SCO shall be
in one of two groups:
SCO-I: A solid object on which:

 The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2
(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceeded 4 Bq/cm2 for
beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all
other alpha emitters.
 The fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the
area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceeded 4 x 104Bq/cm2 for
beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters , or 4 x 103 Bq/cm2 for
all other alpha emitters.
 The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible
surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2)
does not exceeded 4 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha
emitters , or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.
SCO-II: A solid object on which either the fixed or non-fixed contamination on the
surface exceeds the applicable limits specified for SCO-I above and on which:
 The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surfaces averaged over 300 cm2
(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceeded 400 Bq/cm2
for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 40 Bq/cm2 for
all other alpha emitters; and
 The fixed contamination on the accessible surface, averaged over 300 cm2 (or
the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceeded 8 x 105 Bq/cm2
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for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8 x 104 Bq/cm2
for all other alpha emitters; and
 The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible
surfaces averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2)
does not exceeded 8 x 105 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity
alpha emitters, or 8 x 104 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.
Transport Index (TI): assigned to a package, overpack or freight container or to

unpackaged LSA-I or SCO-I, shall mean a number which is used to provide control
over radiation exposure. To determine the TI measure the gamma dose rate in
millisieverts per hour (mSv/hr) at a distance of one meter (1 m) from the external
surfaces of the package, overpack, freight container or unpackaged LSA-I and SCO-I.
The value determined shall be multiplied by 100 and the resulting number is the
transport index.
Vacuum Truck: is a vehicle equipped with a tank/vessel in which liquids can be

contained and transported. Discharge and loading of the vacuum truck is achieved by
integral pumps.
Vehicle: shall mean a road vehicle (including an articulated vehicle, i.e., a tractor and
semi-trailer combination) or a railroad car or railway wagon. Each trailer shall be
considered a separate vehicle.
Vessel: shall mean any seagoing vessel or inland waterway craft used for carrying cargo.
Figure 1 – Examples of Type A Packages
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Figure 2 – Design Criteria of a Type B Package
5 Responsibilities
5.1 Environmental Protection Department
5.1.1 Develop and update standards and guidelines related to the transportation
of radioactive material in Saudi Aramco.
5.1.2 Provide technical support to proponent organizations on the

transportation of radioactive material.
5.1.3 Monitor the compliance of proponent organizations with the

requirements of this procedure.
5.2 Proponent Organizations
5.2.1 Ensure the transportation of radioactive sources/material is conducted as

per the requirements of this procedure.
5.2.2 Ensure packages are inspected and received by a Radiation Protection

Officer or suitably trained radiation worker.
5.2.3 Ensure that radioactive sources/material are not used until the inspection
detailed in paragraph 6.3 of this procedure is completed.
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5.2.4 Ensure that copies of the radioactive source/material documentation are

sent to Environmental Protection Department/Radiation Protection Unit,
as per paragraph 6.5 of this procedure.
6 Receiving a Package
6.1 The user organization's Radiation Protection Officer (RPO) or suitably trained
radiation worker shall inspect and receive the package
6.2 The user organization's Radiation Protection Officer (RPO) or suitably trained
radiation worker shall inspect packages on the day of receipt or on the first
available working day if received outside normal working hours.
6.3 The inspection shall consist of, but not be limited to:
6.3.1 Gamma dose rate survey at contact and at a distance of one meter from
the package to verify compliance with TI.
6.3.2 Visual inspection to ensure no damage to package.
6.3.3 Wipe contamination survey to ensure no loose contamination on exterior

surfaces of package.
6.3.3.1 The action limit for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity
alpha emitters will be 4 Bq/cm2
6.3.3.2 The action limit for all other alpha emitters shall be 0.4 Bq/cm2.
6.3.4 Verification of the package documentation with material ordered.
6.3.5 Verification of the shipping documentation with the requirements of

Section 4 of this procedure.
6.4 The radioactive source/material shall not be used until inspections detailed in of
this procedure are carried out.
6.5 The user organization shall forward copies of all relevant documentation relating
to the radioactive source and its receipt to Radiation Protection Unit (RPU)
within one week of receiving the source. This will include but not be limited to:
 Radioactive Source Certificate
 Customs releasing document
 Notification receiving form
 Inspection Report.
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7 Shipping Documentation
Documentation which details the following information must accompany all shipments
of radioactive material:
7.1 Name or identification of material being shipped.
7.2 Hazard class number, 7 is the number assigned by the United Nations (UN) to
7.3 Hazard class name, which is usually “radioactive material.”
7.4 Identification number, which is a four digit number preceded by the letters UN,
this identifier is internationally recognized and describes the material hazard
(they can also be used in guiding emergency response action). These numbers
are detailed in Table 3 of this procedure.
7.5 Identity of the radionuclides contained in the package.
7.6 Total activity of the radioactive content.
7.7 Category of label on the package (as detailed in Table 2 of this procedure).
7.8 Physical and chemical form of the radioactive content or a statement that the
content is special form material.
7.9 Package type (Type A, Type B, etc.).
8 Preparation of a Package for Transport
8.1 Transportation of radioactive material or sealed radioactive sources shall only be

carried out in approved containers.
8.2 Package type selection, physical condition and security shall be in accordance
with IAEA Safety Standards TS-R-1, 2005.
8.3 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall carry out a gamma
radiation survey in contact with the exterior surfaces of the package and ensure
that the maximum radiation level does not exceed 2 mSv/hr. If the dose-rate is
greater than 2 mSv/hr then the shipment must be transported as exclusive use.
8.4 Load the container properly and carefully.
8.5 Where sealed radioactive sources are being transported, secure the source within
the shielded container by use of appropriate locking mechanisms which are
incorporated into the design of the shielded container.
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8.6 Close the lid of the container so that the source is not released during transport.
8.7 Load the container in an outer sturdy container such as a wooden or metal box
provided with spacers to prevent the movement of the shielded container inside
during transportation. Ensure the outer container is in good condition, is
provided with a means of locking and has strong lifting handles.
8.8 Lock the outer container and secure it with crossed metal straps and seal it. This
is referred to as the transport package.
8.9 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall survey at a distance of one
meter from the exterior surfaces of the package and ensure that the maximum
radiation level does not exceed 0.1 mSv/hr.
8.10 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall determine the appropriate
label category for the package using the criteria specified in Table 2.
8.11 Ensure that the levels of removable radioactive contamination on the outside
surface of the outer package do not exceed 4 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma
emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters and 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha
emitters. See Appendix 1.
8.12 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall:
8.12.1 Survey, categorize and label both the inner package and the overpack
according to Table 2.
8.12.2 Affix international radiation transportation labels to two opposite sides

of the exterior of the package or overpack.
8.12.3 Ensure that the labels include the package contents, activity and
Transport Index (TI).
8.12.4 Ensure that any old shipping labels have been removed from the
package and/or overpack.
8.13 Where a large freight container carrying packages other than excepted packages
requires transportation the User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall
refer to the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards TS-R-1, 2005, Placarding
paragraphs 547/548.
8.14 There are three categories which can be assigned to packages, these are:
8.14.1 Category I - The gamma radiation level shall not exceed 5 µSv/h at
any location on the external surface of the package.
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8.14.2 Category II - The gamma radiation level shall not exceed 500 µSv/h at
any location on the external surface of the package and the transport
index does not exceed 1.0.
8.14.3 Category III - The radiation level shall not exceed 10 mSv/h at any
location on the external surface of the package and the transport index
does not exceed 10.0.
9 Marking of the Transport Package
The following information should be written or inscribed durably, clearly and legibly on
the outside of the transport package:
9.1 Address of the consignor and consignee
9.2 Type of package (e.g., Industrial Package, Type-1, Type-2, Type-3, Type A
Package, Type B(U), etc.).
9.3 United Nations Number (UN Number) and the proper shipping name
(See Table 3).
9.4 Gross weight of the package if it exceeds 30 kg for domestic transport and 50 kg
for International transport.
9.5 Competent Authority identification mark, if it is a Type B (U)/Type B(M)

package.
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Table 2 – Categories of Radioactive Packages

Maximum Radiation Maximum Radiation Transport Index
Label Categories
Level at Surface Level at 1 m. (TI)
Radioactive White I
0.005 mSv/hr N/A 0
Radioactive Yellow II
0.5 mSv/hr 0.01 mSv/hr 0-1.0
Radioactive Yellow III
10 mSv/hr 0.1 mSv/hr 1.0-10
Table 3 – United Nations Number, Proper Shipping Name

UN No. Proper Shipping Name and Description
2910 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL EXCEPTED PACKAGE - LIMITED QUANTITY OF MATERIAL
2911 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL EXCEPTED PACKAGE - INSTRUMENTS OR ARTICLES
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL EXCEPTED PACKAGE - ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM
2909
NATURAL URANIUM OR DEPLETED URANIUM OR NATURAL THORIUM.
2908 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL EXCEPTED PACKAGE – EMPTY PACKAGING.
2912 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY (LSA-I
3321 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY (SLA-II).
3322 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY (LSA-III).
2913 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, SURFACE CONTAMINATED OBJECTS (SCO-I OR SCO-II).
2915 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TYPE A PACKAGE, NON-SPECIAL FORM.
3332 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TYPE A PACKAGE, SPECIAL FORM.
2916 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TYPE B (U) PACKAGE.
2917 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TYPE B (M) PACKAGE.
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Figure 3 – Type B Package in Overpack

with Appropriate Markings and Labeling
10 Transport by Vehicle
10.1 Any vehicle used to transport radioactive material shall be roadworthy, well
maintained and meet legal requirements for operating on Saudi Arabian roads
and highways as well as Saudi Aramco plants and facilities.
10.2 In addition to standard safety equipment carried the vehicle shall also carry
additional equipment highlighted by the contingency plan to be used in the event
of an emergency. This may include such items as flashlight, Radiation warning
signs, high visibility tape/rope for zoning, etc.
10.3 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall:
10.3.1 Carry out a gamma radiation survey to ensure that the gamma radiation
dose rate at the package, overpack or specially designed transport box
surface is compliant with the Category levels detailed in Table 2.
10.3.2 Carry out a gamma radiation survey in the driver's compartment to

verify that the gamma dose-rate does not exceed 2.5 μSv/hr.
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10.3.3 That where drivers and drivers assistants are not radiation workers that
the radiation dose-rate in the drivers compartment will be as low as
reasonably practicable paying due regard to dose-limit for members of
the public (0.5 μSv/hr).
10.3.4 Ensure that compartments used to hold unsealed radioactive sources

have smooth, non-absorbent easy to decontaminate surfaces.
10.3.5 Ensure that the package is secured within the vehicle so that its
position remains fixed during transportation.
10.3.6 Ensure no other cargo is carried in the vehicle and that no

loading/unloading operations take place between the beginning of the
radioactive transport and its final destination. Where Industrial
radiography films are required to be stored in vehicles transporting
industrial radiography sources, the maximum gamma dose-rate in the
area must be less than 0.1 mSv/hr.
10.3.7 Ensure that the driver is aware that the vehicle carrying radioactive
material cannot be left unattended unless it is locked in a safe and
secure location.
10.3.8 Ensure International standard radiation transport signage (an example

is shown in Figure 4) is appropriately fixed to two lateral exterior walls
and the rear exterior wall.
Figure 4 – International Standard Radiation Transport Sign
10.3.9 Prepare and complete a checklist of all activities associated with the
transportation and maintain a record of this checklist for a minimum of
2 years from the date of transportation.
10.3.10 Develop an emergency response procedure which reflects the type of

transportation, activity, form and characteristics of the radioactive
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material to be transported. This emergency response plan will include

contingencies for all reasonably foreseeable events (i.e., traffic
incident, dropped load, fire). See Section 8 of this procedure.
10.3.11 Send all emergency response procedures to Radiation Protection Unit

for review and endorsement.
10.3.12 Ensure that a copy of the emergency plan is available to the driver.
10.3.13 Ensure the driver of the vehicle is able to read and understand the
emergency response plan, and able to communicate in Arabic and
English.
10.3.14 Ensure the driver of the vehicle is familiar with the use and operation
of radiation survey meters where supplied.
10.3.15 Ensure the driver is aware and understands that no other passengers
can travel in the vehicle other than the driver and where applicable the
drivers assistant.
10.3.16 Ensure that the driver and his assistant are aware that vehicle warning
signs and transportation placards are removed immediately after the
transportation has been completed.
Figure 5 – Placarding Arrangements
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11 Actions in the Event of Emergency
11.1 A contingency plan shall accompany the shipment and be available in English
and Arabic for all reasonably foreseeable incidents.
11.2 Priority should always be given to treating casualties and those injured as a
result of an incident.
11.3 If there is no damage to the radioactive material cargo then no special action is
required other than making arrangements for it to complete its journey to the
destination as soon as is reasonably practicable.
11.4 If the vehicle becomes disabled on the road, the driver must not leave the
vehicle unattended; he should send a message for assistance via mobile phone or
with the assistance of a passing motorist, the police can be used to guard the
vehicle while the driver initiates emergency response procedures.
11.5 In the event of an incident the driver must make an immediate radiation survey
to verify the gamma radiation levels are in compliance with Placarding and
signage. If an enhanced gamma dose-rate is detected then the area shall be
cordoned off to restrict access at a safe distance creating a boundary.
All unauthorized personnel must remain outside the boundary. Notify the RPO
identified in the contingency plan.
11.6 If a radioactive source escapes from its shielding or packaging, then the driver
and his assistant should make no attempt to recover the situation. They should
inform the RPO, restrict access to the vicinity and await assistance from the
relevant Saudi Aramco department.
11.7 A generic emergency response guide for a transport incident involving low level
radiation is included in Appendix 3. (This can be used to assist in developing a
contingency plan for transportation of low radiation packages).
11.8 A generic emergency response guide for a transport incident involving special
form radioactive material is included in Appendix 4. (This can be used to assist
in developing a contingency plan for transportation of special form radiation
packages).
12 Transportation by Air
12.1 The user organization shall comply with the requirements of Saudi Aramco
GI-1310.00 Transportation of Dangerous Goods on Saudi Aramco Aircraft.
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12.2 The Saudi Aramco Aviation Department has established specific exemptions for
the 48-hour notification required by GI-1310.00. The user representative shall
assure that notification is maintained in accordance with GI-1310.00 and/or
specific exemptions.
12.3 Shipment of radioactive material shall be contained in Type “A” or Type “B”
containers having a maximum Transport Index of one, i.e., (Yellow-II, see
Table 2). Verification by radiation survey shall be performed by User's RPO or
suitably trained radiation worker prior to transport of containers to Aviation
Department facilities, upon arrival prior to loading in the aircraft and upon
arrival at destination.
12.4 The user representative shall prepare and submit the required Material Manifest
and IATA Dangerous Goods Declaration in accordance with GI-1310.00.
12.5 Delivery of shipment to Aviation Department facilities shall not be more than
2 hours and not less than 1 hour prior to the scheduled flight. User personnel
shall be available at the destination facility at the time of arrival and take
custody of the container immediately.
12.6 The User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall assure that the
container was loaded onboard the aircraft. In the event, the container is not
loaded, the container will be returned to the custody of the user Department until
the next available flight.
13 General Rules for Transport
13.1 The User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall verify that required
operational contamination test of any equipment containing radioactive
materials have been performed.
13.2 All Radioactive materials presented for transportation shall be packaged in

accordance with this procedure which ensures that they are safe to handle under
normal conditions.
13.3 To prevent unnecessary exposure to radiation, there are certain basic rules which
should be followed in work with the radiation sources:
13.3.1 Keep your contact time with the package short.
13.3.2 Handle a radioactive package without delay-keep it moving.
13.3.3 Do not stand around, sit near or sit on a radioactive package.
13.3.4 Do not carry out time-consuming tasks, such as paperwork, near a

package.
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13.3.5 Keep yourself and other persons as far away as practicable from
packages containing radioactive materials.
13.3.6 Store packages in transit well away from offices, rest rooms and
occupied work areas.
13.3.7 When transporting packages containing radioactive material any long

distance, use a vehicle that will allow you to keep a meter or more
between you and the package.
13.3.8 Secure the packages so that they will not move during transport-small,
light packages should be stored in a basket while larger, heavy
packages should be properly blocked and braced.
13.3.9 Do not store in the one location packages with transport indexes that
add up to more than 50.
14 Training
14.1 User Departments shall ensure that individuals assigned the responsibilities of
receiving, shipping, storage or transportation of radioactive sources have
received adequate training to be able to carry out such responsibilities in a
competent manner and in accordance with the requirements of this procedure
and GI-0150.003.
14.2 Training shall be conducted by institutions specialized and recognized in the

field of radiation protection training. If such training is conducted in house by
user, it shall be subject to review and endorsement by RPU.
Revision Summary
17 July 2014 Major revision.
Page 20 of 30
Appendix 1 – Distribution of Radioactive Nuclides by Toxicity
First Group High Toxicity Radionuclides
Lead 210 Polonium 210 Radium 223 Radium 226

Radium 228 Actinium 227 Thorium 227 Thorium 228
Thorium 230 Protactinium 231 Uranium 230 Uranium 232
Uranium 233 Uranium 234 Neptunium 27 Plutonium 238
Plutonium 239 Plutonium 240 Plutonium 241 Plutonium 242
Americium 241 Americium 242 Curium 241 Curium 243
Curium 244 Curium 245 Curium 246 Californium 249
Californium 250 Californium 252
Second Group Medium High Toxicity Radionuclides
Sodium 22 Chlorine 36 Calcium 45 Scandium 46

Manganese 54 Cobalt 56 Cobalt 60 Strontium 89
Strontium 90 Yttrium 91 Zirconium 95 Ruthenium 106
Silver 110m Cadmium 115 Indium 114m Antimony 124
Antimony 125 Tellurium 127m Tellurium 129m Iodine 124
Iodine 126 Iodine 131 Iodine 133 Iodine 134
Cesium 137 Barium 144 Cerium 144 Europium 152
Iridium 154 Terbium 160 Thulium 170 Hafnium 181
Tantalum 182 Iridium 192 Thallium 204 Bismuth 207
Bismuth 210 Astatine 211 Lead 212 Radium 224
Actinium 228 Protactinium 230 Thorium 234 Uranium 236
Berkelium 249
Page 21 of 30
Third Group Medium Toxicity Radionuclides
Beryllium 7 Carbon 14 Fluorine 18 Sodium 24

Chlorine 28 Silicon 31 Phosphorus 32 Sulfur 35
Argon 41 Potassium 42 Potassium 43 Calcium 47
Scandium 47 Scandium 48 Vanadium 48
Chromium 51 Manganese 52 Manganese 56 Iron 52
Iron 55 Iron 59 Cobalt 57 Cobalt 58
Nickel 63 Nickel 65 Copper 64 Zinc 65
Zinc 69m Gallium 72 Arsenic 73 Arsenic 74
Arsenic 76 Arsenic 77 Selenium 75 Bromine 82
Krypton 85m Krypton 87 Rubidium 86 Strontium 85
Strontium 91 Yttrium 90 Yttrium 92 Yttrium 93
Zirconium 97 Niobium 93m Niobium 95 Molybdenum 99
Technetium 96 Technetium 97m Technetium 97 Technetium 99
Ruthenium 103 Ruthenium 105 Ruthenium 106 Palladium 103
Palladium 109 Silver 105 Silver 111 Cadmium 109
Cadmium 115 Indium 115 Tim 113 Tin 125
Antimony 122 Tellurium 125 Tellurium 127 Tellurium 129
Tellurium 131 Tellurium 132 Iodine 130 Iodine 132
Iodine 134 Iodine 135 Xenon 135 Cesium 131
Cesium 136 Barium 131 Lanthanum 140 Cerium 141
Cerium 143 Praseodymium 142 Praseodymium 143 Neodymium 147
Neodymium 149 Promethium 147 Promethium 149 Samarium 151
Samarium 153 Europium 152 Europium 155 Gadolinium 153
Gadolinium 159 Dysprosium 165 Dysprosium 166 Holmium 166
Erbium 169 Erbium 171 Thulium 171 Ytterbium 175
Lutetium 177 Tungsten 181 Tungsten 185 Tungsten 187
Rhenium 183 Rhenium 186 Rhenium 188 Osmium 185
Osmium 191 Osmium 193 Iridium 190 Iridium 194
Platinum 191 Platinum 197 Gold 196 Gold 198
Gold 199 Mercury 197 Mercury 197m Mercury 203
Thallium 200 Thallium 201 Thallium 202 Lead 203
Bismuth 212 Radon 220 Radon 223 Thorium 231
Protactinium 233 Neptunium 239
Page 22 of 30
Fourth Group Low Toxicity Radionuclides
Hydrogen 3 (Tritium) Oxygen 15 Argon 37 Cobalt 58

Nickel 59 Zinc 69 Germanium 71 Krypton 85
Strontium 85m Rubidium 87 Yttrium 91 Zirconium 93
Niobium 97 Technetium 96m Technetium 99m Rhodium 103
Indium 113 Iodine 129 Xenon 131m Xenon 133
Cesium 134m Cesium 135 Samarium 147 Rhenium
Osmium Platinum Natural Thorium Natural Uranium
Page 23 of 30
Appendix 2 – Activity Limits and Material Restrictions

for Radioisotopes Commonly Transported in Saudi Aramco
Activity Concentration Activity limit for an

Radionuclide A1 (TBq) A2 (TBq) for Exempt Material exempt consignment
(Bq/g) (Bq)
H3 4 x 101 4 x 101 1 x 106 1 x 109
C14 4 x 101 3 X 100 1 x 104 1 X 107
F18 1 x 100 6 x 10-1 1 x 101 1 x 106
S35 4 x 101 3 X 100 1 x 105 1 x 108
Cr51 3 x 101 3 x 101 1 x 103 1 X 107
Fe55 4 x 101 4 x 101 1 x 104 1 x 106
Co57 1 x 101 1 x 101 1 x 102 1 x 106
Fe59 9 x 10-1 9 x 10-1 1 x 101 1 x 106
Co60 4 x 101 4 x 101 1 x 101 1 x 105
Ga67 7 x 100 3 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Se75 3 x 100 3 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Kr85 1 x 101 1 x 101 1 x 105 1 x 104
Sr85 2 x 100 2 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Sr89 6 x 10-1 6 x 10-1 1 x 103 1 x 106
Sr90 3 x 10-1 3 x 10-1 1 x 102 1 x 104
Cd109 3 x 101 2 x 100 1 x 104 1 x 106
In111 3 x 100 3 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Sn113 4 x 100 2 x 100 1 x 103 1 X 107
I123 6 x 100 3 x 100 1 x 102 1 X 107
Te123m 8 x 100 1 x 100 1 x 102 1 X 107
I131 3 x 100 7 x 10-1 1 x 102 1 x 105
Ba133 3 x 100 3 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Cs137 2 x 100 6 x 10-1 1 x 101 1 x 104
Ce139 7 x 100 2 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Eu152 1 x 100 1 x 100 1 x 101 1 x 106
Gd153 1 x 101 9 x 100 1 x 102 1 X 107
Sm153 9 x 100 6 x 10-1 1 x 102 1 x 106
Ir192 1 x 100 6 x 10-1 1 x 101 1 x 104
Tl201 1 x 101 4 x 100 1 x 102 1 x 106
Pb210 1 x 100 5 x 10-2 1 x 101 1 x 104
Ra226 2 x 10-1 3 x 10-3 1 x 104 1 x 104
Th230 1 x 101 1 x 10-3 1 x 100 1 x 104
Am241 1 x 101 1 x 10-3 1 x 100 1 x 104
Depleted Uranium Unlimited Unlimited 1 x 100 1 x 103
Natural Uranium Unlimited Unlimited 1 x 100 1 x 103
Page 24 of 30
Appendix 3 – Emergency Response Guide for Transport Incidents

Involving Radioactive Materials (Low Level Radiation)
POTENTIAL HAZARDS:
Health
1. Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response

personnel, and the public during transportation incidents. Packaging durability
increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
2. Very low levels of contained radioactive materials and low radiation levels outside
packages result in low risks to people.
3. Damaged packages may release measurable amounts of radioactive material, but

the resulting risks are expected to be low.
4. Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available

instruments.
5. Some packages do not have RADIOACTIVE I, II, or III labels. Some may have
EMPTY labels or may have the word 'Radioactive' in the package marking.
Fire or Explosion
6. Some of these materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily.
7. Many have cardboard outer packaging; content (physically large or small) can be
of many different physical forms.
8. Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.
Public Safety
9. Call Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first.
10. Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, and control of fire and other hazards are
higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
11. Radiation Protection Unit and Government Regulatory Authority must be notified
of incident conditions.
12. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet)
in all directions.
Page 25 of 30
13. Stay upwind.
14. Keep unauthorized personnel away.
15. Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated;

delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation
Protection Officer/Radiation Protection Unit.
Protective Clothing
16. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural

firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection.
Evacuation
17. Large spill - Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters
(330 feet).
18. Fire - When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider
an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE:
Fire
19. Presence of radioactive material will not influence the fire control processes and
should not influence selection of techniques.
20. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
21. Do not move damaged packages; move undamaged packages out of fire zone.
Small Fires
22. Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fires
23. Use water spray, fog (flooding amounts).
Spill or Leak
24. Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
25. Cover liquid spill with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.
26. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Page 26 of 30
First Aid
27. Medical problems take priority over radiological concerns.
28. Use first aid treatment according to the nature of the injury.
29. Do not delay care and transport of a seriously injured person.
30. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
31. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
32. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running
water for at least 20 minutes.
33. Injured persons contaminated by contact with released material are not a serious
hazard to health care personnel, equipment or facilities.
34. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take
precautions to protect themselves and prevent spread of contamination.
Page 27 of 30
Appendix 4 – Emergency Response Guide

for Transport Incidents Involving Radioactive Materials
(Special Form/Low to High Level External Radiation)
POTENTIAL HAZARDS:
Health
1. Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response

personnel, and the public during transportation incidents. Packaging durability
increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
2. Undamaged packages are safe; contents of damaged packages may cause external
radiation exposure and much higher external exposure if contents (source
capsules) are released.
3. Contamination and internal radiation hazards are not expected, but not impossible.
4. Type A packages (cartons, boxes, drums, articles, etc.) identified as 'Type A' by
marking on packages or by shipping papers contain non-life endangering amounts.
5. Radioactive sources may be released if 'Type A' packages are damaged in

moderately severe incidents.
6. Type B packages, and the rarely occurring Type C packages, (large and small,
usually metal) contain the most hazardous amounts. They can be identified by
package markings or by shipping papers.
7. Life threatening conditions may exist only if contents are released or package
shielding fails. Because of design, evaluation, and testing of packages, these
conditions would be expected only for incidents of utmost severity.
8. Radioactive White-I labels indicate radiation levels outside single, isolated,

undamaged packages are very low [less than 0.005 mSv/h (0.5 m rem/h)].
9. Radioactive Yellow-II and Yellow-III labeled packages have higher radiation

levels. The transport index (TI) on the label identifies the maximum radiation
level in mrem/h one meter from a single, isolated, undamaged package.
10. Radiation from the package contents, usually in durable metal capsules, can be
detected by most radiation instruments.
11. Water from cargo fire control is not expected to cause pollution.
Page 28 of 30
Fire or Explosion
12. Packaging can burn completely without risk of content loss from sealed source
capsule.
13. Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.
14. Radioactive source capsules and Type B packages are designed and evaluated to
withstand total engulfment in flames at temperatures of 800°C (1475°F).
Public Safety
15. Call Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first.
16. Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, and control of fire and other hazards are
higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
17. Radiation Protection Unit and Government Regulatory Authority must be notified
of incident conditions.
18. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological

consequences and closure of emergencies.
19. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet)
in all directions.
20. Stay upwind.
21. Keep unauthorized personnel away.
22. Delay final cleanup until instructions or advice is received from Radiation
Protection Officer/Radiation Protection Unit.
Protective Clothing
23. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural

firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection against internal
radiation exposure, but not external radiation exposure.
Evacuation
24. Large spill - Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters
(330 feet).
25. Fire - When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider
an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.
Page 29 of 30
EMERGENCY RESPONSE:
Fire
26. Presence of radioactive material will not influence the fire control processes and
should not influence selection of techniques.
27. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
28. Do not move damaged packages; move undamaged packages out of fire zone.
Small Fires
29. Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fires
30. Water spray, fog (flooding amounts).
Spill or Leak
31. Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
32. Damp surfaces on undamaged or slightly damaged packages are seldom an
indication of packaging failure. Contents are seldom liquid. Content is usually a
metal capsule, easily seen if released from package.
33. If source capsule is identified as being out of package, do not touch. Stay away
and await advice from Radiation Authority.
First Aid
34. Medical problems take priority over radiological concerns.
35. Use first aid treatment according to the nature of the injury.
36. Do not delay care and transport of a seriously injured person.
37. Persons exposed to special form sources are not likely to be contaminated with
38. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
39. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
40. Injured persons contaminated by contact with released material are not a serious
hazard to health care personnel, equipment or facilities.
41. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take
precautions to protect themselves and prevent spread of contamination.
Page 30 of 30

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Engineering Procedure

SAEP-370 17 July 2014

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Previous Issue: 16 March 2009 Next Planned Update: 17 July 2019

Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2014. All rights reserved.

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

Saudi Government Regulations for Radiation Protection, (GRA 2006)

KA CARE Transport Regulations

US Department of Transport, Pipeline, and Hazardous Materials Safety

Competent Authority: shall mean any national or international regulatory body of

Contamination: The deposition of unwanted radioactive material on the surfaces of

Consignee: shall mean any person or organization which receives a consignment.

Consignment: shall mean any package or packages, or load of radioactive material,

Conveyance: shall mean:

Freight Container: shall mean an article of transport equipment designed to facilitate

Government Regulatory Authority: is the National authority responsible for

Solids (e.g., consolidated wastes, and activated materials), excluding powders, in

The types of packages covered by this procedure are:

Excepted package: contains quantities of radioactive material sufficiently small

Industrial package: these are used to transport materials known in the

Table 1 – Design Test Requirements for Industrial Package Types

Criteria IP-1 IP-2 IP-3

Design Requirements  General  General  General requirements for all

Type A package: these provide a safe and economical means to transport

SCO-I: A solid object on which:

Transport Index (TI): assigned to a package, overpack or freight container or to

Vacuum Truck: is a vehicle equipped with a tank/vessel in which liquids can be

Figure 1 – Examples of Type A Packages

Figure 2 – Design Criteria of a Type B Package

5.1 Environmental Protection Department

5.1.2 Provide technical support to proponent organizations on the

5.1.3 Monitor the compliance of proponent organizations with the

5.2 Proponent Organizations

5.2.1 Ensure the transportation of radioactive sources/material is conducted as

5.2.2 Ensure packages are inspected and received by a Radiation Protection

5.2.4 Ensure that copies of the radioactive source/material documentation are

6.3.2 Visual inspection to ensure no damage to package.

6.3.3 Wipe contamination survey to ensure no loose contamination on exterior

6.3.4 Verification of the package documentation with material ordered.

6.3.5 Verification of the shipping documentation with the requirements of

7.1 Name or identification of material being shipped.

7.3 Hazard class name, which is usually “radioactive material.”

7.5 Identity of the radionuclides contained in the package.

7.6 Total activity of the radioactive content.

7.9 Package type (Type A, Type B, etc.).

8 Preparation of a Package for Transport

8.1 Transportation of radioactive material or sealed radioactive sources shall only be

8.4 Load the container properly and carefully.

8.12 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall:

8.12.2 Affix international radiation transportation labels to two opposite sides

9 Marking of the Transport Package

9.1 Address of the consignor and consignee

9.5 Competent Authority identification mark, if it is a Type B (U)/Type B(M)

Table 2 – Categories of Radioactive Packages

0.005 mSv/hr N/A 0

0.5 mSv/hr 0.01 mSv/hr 0-1.0

Radioactive Yellow III

10 mSv/hr 0.1 mSv/hr 1.0-10

Table 3 – United Nations Number, Proper Shipping Name

Figure 3 – Type B Package in Overpack

10.3 User's RPO or suitably trained radiation worker shall:

10.3.2 Carry out a gamma radiation survey in the driver's compartment to

10.3.4 Ensure that compartments used to hold unsealed radioactive sources