Lesson 1

DISEASE AND INFECTION

Session 1 of 5
Infection

Refers to the abnormal invasion

and successful multiplication
of disease-causing microorganisms
(pathogens) in the body,
causing disruption and damage to
body tissues or organs.
Major Types of Pathogens
•  Bacteria
•  Viruses
•  Fungi
•  Parasites
Major Types of Pathogens
Bacteria
 Major Types of Pathogens
Bacteria

•  One-celled microorganisms
found in soil, food, animals
and insects
 Major Types of Pathogens
Bacteria

•  One-celled microorganisms
found in soil, food, animals
and insects
•  Multiply using nutrients
found in the environment
 Major Types of Pathogens
Bacteria

•  One-celled microorganisms
found in soil, food, animals
and insects
•  Multiply using nutrients
found in the environment
•  Examples of bacterial
infection: tuberculosis,
leptospirosis and urinary
tract infection (UTI)
Major Types of Pathogens
Viruses
Major Types of Pathogens
Viruses

•  Microorganisms that are

only able to multiply
inside a living cell
Major Types of Pathogens
Viruses

•  Microorganisms that are

only able to multiply
inside a living cell
•  Examples of viral infection:
colds, flu, measles (tigdas),
dengue fever and hepatitis
Major Types of Pathogens
Fungi
 Major Types of Pathogens
Fungi

•  Multi-celled microorganisms
that cannot survive in soil,
water or air
 Major Types of Pathogens
Fungi

•  Multi-celled microorganisms
that cannot survive in soil,
water or air
•  Need living organisms to survive
 Major Types of Pathogens
Fungi

•  Multi-celled microorganisms
that cannot survive in soil,
water or air
•  Need living organisms to survive
•  Include yeast, molds and mildew
 Major Types of Pathogens
Fungi

•  Multi-celled microorganisms
that cannot survive in soil,
water or air
•  Need living organisms to survive
•  Include yeast, molds and mildew
•  Example of a fungal infection:
athlete’s foot
Major Types of Pathogens
Parasites
 Major Types of Pathogens
Parasites

•  Need a living body to reproduce

 Major Types of Pathogens
Parasites

•  Need a living body to reproduce

•  Examples of parasitic infections:
ascaris, hookworms and
roundworms commonly seen in
the intestines
Spread of Microorganisms
Since microorganisms
are not easily seen by
the naked eye,
they can easily spread
without us knowing.
Prevent the Spread of Microorganisms

Proper food Proper Getting Coughing into

preparation handwashing vaccinated tissue or
sleeve

Cleaning Not sharing

frequently personal items
used surfaces