Prepared by: Noel Adriano

BRAIN

- Processes sensory info OTHER PARTS

- Regulates blood ressure and breathing
- Releases hormones 1. CEREBRAL CORTEX
- Attention, percetion, thought, memory,
language

4 LOBES OF BRAIN 2. HIPPOCAMPUS

- Memory (long-term)

3. HYPOTHALAMUS
- hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.
It also regulates body temperature, blood
pressure, emotions, and secretion of
hormones.

4. PITUITARY GLAND
- “master gland”
- Promotes bone and muscle growth
- Responds to stress

5. PINEAL GLAND
- Regulates body’s internal clock

6. THALAMUS
3 MAIN PARTS OF THE BRAIN - Consciousness, sleep, memory

1. CEREBRUM: is the largest part of the brain 7. HYPOTHALAMUS

and is composed of right and left - Maintains homeostasis
hemispheres. It performs higher functions
like interpreting touch, vision and hearing,
as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, NERVOUS SYSTEM
learning, and fine control of movement.
- Consists of brain, sinal cord, sensory
2. CEREBELLUM: is located under the
organs, and nerves that connect these
cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate
organs to the rest of the body.
muscle movements, maintain posture, and
- Responsible forcontrol of the body and
balance.
communication among its parts.
3. BRAINSTEM: acts as a relay center
connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to 2 TYPES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
the spinal cord. It performs many automatic
1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
functions such as breathing, heart rate,
- Consists of brain and spinal cord
body temperature, wake and sleep cycles,
- Mission control center of body that analyzes
digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting,
things and decides what to do
and swallowing.
- Sends signal to Periheral Nervous System
Prepared by: Noel Adriano

2. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEUROTRANSMITTERS

- Located all over the rest of the body
- Stimulates the appropriate muscle or gland
- Has motor division
- Detects stimuli and sends signals to CNS
*Stimuli – indicate if body is in danger and
it will only pass through spinal cord and
reflexes will occur
- Known as chemical messengers
- Transmits impulses
- Sends info through neurons by crossing a
synapse
- Can be excitatory, inhibitory, and
modulatory

8 MAIN KINDS OR TYPES

 2 MAIN PARTS OR TYPES
ACETYLCHOLINE Sleep cycle
1. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM NOREPINEPHRINE Alertness
- Voluntary control of body movements via EPINEPHRINE Fight or flight response
skeletal muscles DOPAMINE Growth hormone
GABA Reduces neuronal
excitability
2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
GLUTAMATE Regulates CNS
- Involuntary control system and control SEROTONIN Body temperature
visceral functions HISTAMINE Wakefulness
HOW DO NEURONS TRANSMIT
MESSAGES? ENDOCRINE SYTEM
1. Receives stimuli in dendrites - Made up of glands that produce and secrete
2. Signals travels through axon then to the hormones, chemical substances produced
axon terminal in the body that regulate the activity of cells
3. Travels through synapse (junction bet. 2 or organs
neurons)
4. Arrive in dendrite of another neuron GLANDS

 2 TYPES OF SYNAPSES

1. ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE
- Transmits electrical impulse w/o changing it
- Fast process
- Used in PNS to accomplish autonomic
actions

2. CHEMICAL SYNAPSES
- Can amplify or modify electrical impulse w/c
allows more complex messages to be
transmitted
- Slower process
- Used in CNS and certain parts of PNS
 When a signal travels through axon, special
molecules called neurotransmitters are
released