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11112t13

Lecture 1 SISLAfiY is the study of life

A. Manifestations and Ch3racteristics

of Life
B. Thecries on the Origin of Life

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i,t, The Cotc:ii:i ,)f L.re

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ffi,ut w*tet is txFffi? Life resists a simple, one-se*tenre i

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1 Life is righly organized /ORGAIjIZATIOI.)

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partic'rlar set of process:]. that result fron-. the I

organizati^n of maiter.

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11t12113

Characteristics of Manifestations afrd Characteristics oi Liie

life emerge from
an organism's
org3nizaiion.

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',l.rail.siat!an s airC Cil ai:rcla:it sti.s +i Liis

3 Lrfe has stronq inierna' .ontrol iHOMEOSTASIS)

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." Life reacis to the environment (lkRlrABlLliY & 5 Llfe reproduces lself iREPRODI]CTIO N)
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M6nifestations and characteristics oi Lile tulanilestatlons afld Characteristics of Life

7. Life varies and evolves (ADAPTATION &

EVOLUTION),

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s ilnches on the Galapagos lslands

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'iheori,rs en ihe Oriqit ot L;lL-

1, ABIOGENESIS / SPONTANEOUS GENERATi]N

'Li[e lvas created spontaneously kom lileless or
inorganic matter

How did lite BEGIN?

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Theories on the O.igin of Liie

2. BIOGENESIS
.Life comes from prG€xistng life

Ineories ol.! the O.i!iin ci Liie 'iheor:es on ine C:-igrn ci Lile

3 SPECIAL CREATION 4, INTERPLANETARY / COSMOZOIC iHEORY

.Life was creaied by slpematural or divine forces .Life criginated on a didant planei
.Als. knol r as PANSPERMIA

Ar und.ntandrni of our sorar rye :n halmprovd, th. hypothet'. t h.t

The presence of ice on Europa, a moon of lupiter,

whale Mars is colo, dry, and ifeiess today, it was
has led tc hypotheses that Iiquid watFr lies p"cbably i'elatively warmet wetter, and wfth a
beneath the surface and may suppo.t life-
C02-rich atmosphere billions of ye :rs rgo.

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Theories on the Origin of Lite

4 hypothetical stages:
5, BIOGEOCHEMICAL I HEORY
.Life evolved from inorganic rmlter (1) the abio6c synthesis ofsmall organic moleor1e3;

{2) joining these small molecules into polymersl

(3) o.igin of self replicating molecules;

{4) packaging c:these molecules into

'ora -cbionts."

Protobionts lf enzymes are included in protobionts:

.Self-assembling biomolec!les The pr.tobiontsare
then able to absorb
-Living cells nlay have a is€n from proloblonts
theirsurroundinEs

rea.tionr catal!"ed

i.8.:. I{.lc.ane & A.i. Opaiir :;lth 5 .erin]evai aiiituspheaes

.lndependenlly proposed that ea,ly eadh almosphere
.hot hydrogsn gas
was.onducive tor crealbn of organic mol€cLrle< (e/ C) .Wbter vaoor(oxysen)

trffi
.uJaler, CO CO2. N2,

.lntens6l-rghtn;ng
.Volcanic activily

'UV .adialion
.1" se.:i- - formod from toneolial rains when larlh
coolad do$/n

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ln 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Ureytested the

.The envi.onment Oparin-Haldane hypothesis by creating, io the
in the early laboratory, the
conditionsthat
have piDnoied lhe had been postulated
johing of simple for early Earth.
They discharged sparks
in an "atmosphere" of
gases and water vapor.
After 2 weeks. they found
amirlo aci&, suga.s, and
Gases underw€nt chemical reactions waiit each other other biomolecules.
and formed a complex assemblage of molecules. carrEd

r-r.igit'i oi ij;: aicuni

Laboratory simulations cannot prove that these

kinds of cher,rical processes actua!!y created life
on the primitrve Earth-

rhey describe steps that could have happened.

The origin of life is still subj€ci to much

speculation anC alternative views.

- Two rich sources for early prokaryote fossils: ' Alternatively, we

i.Strornatolites -fossilized laye.ed microbial mats can view the time
(3.sBy old) line with a dock
analogy.
' Estimated rge of
the Earth ls
4.14.7 billion
years-

I spdimentsfrom ancient hydrotheamal vent

habitats.