Outcomes Upper Intermediate Vocabulary Builder  Unit 7
7 NATURE
Pages 62–63
blow down  /ˈbləʊ ˌdaʊn/ Phrasal verb
if something is blown down, it collapses or is destroyed
by very strong winds in a storm
the storm blew down a tree which hit our house | the
garage was blown down in the storm | we had to rebuild
the shed after the wind had blown it down
bounce  /baʊns/ Verb
if something bounces, it hits a surface and then goes
back up in the direction it came from
hailstones started bouncing off the car | the ball
bounced off the edge of the table | the cup fell and
bounced twice on the floor, but it didn’t break
come off  /ˈkʌm ˌɒf/ Verb
when you come off a motorway, you move onto the special
road for traffic that wants to leave the motorway. You say
that a car came off the road if the driver lost control and
the car went onto the pavement or side of the road
we had to come off the motorway and wait for the fog to
lift | you need to come off the motorway at junction 10 |
two people were killed when their car came off the road
near Dorchester | the roads were so icy we were lucky
we didn’t come off the road
ease  /iːz/ Verb
if something eases or eases off, it becomes less severe
we had to pull over until the rain eased off | it’s eased off
a bit now | the pain was beginning to ease | the snow’s
eased off slightly
empty  /ˈempti/ Verb
to empty a container means to take everything out of it.
If you empty the contents of a container, you take them
all out
I must have emptied a litre of water out of my shoes |
she emptied a bucket of water over the two dogs | you
can buy lots of these earrings without emptying your
wallet (without spending all the money that you have) |
she opened her bag and emptied the contents out on
the desk
flash  /flæʃ/ Noun
a flash of light is a very sudden and bright light which
appears and then disappears very quickly
there were incredible flashes of lightning | a flash of
bright light | a blinding flash of light (extremely bright) |
we saw a lightning flash before we heard the thunder
Verb:  flash
the warning light was flashing | lightning flashed across
the sky
fog  /fɒɡ/ Noun singular
fog is a thick cloud that forms close to the ground
Collocates:  thick/dense fog | fog lifts/clears | fog comes
down/descends
thick fog | hopefully the fog will lift soon | a dense fog
had descended on the area | we couldn’t see anything
through the fog
Adjective:  foggy
Collocates:  foggy weather | a foggy day/morning/night
it was a cold and foggy morning | the weather tomorrow
will be foggy, with rain in the afternoon
METAPHOR AND WEATHER
Many words are often used in different contexts but with
a connection to their original meaning. This is true of
many weather words. For example, my mind’s a fog, my
memory’s a bit foggy (not clear or confused)
people flooded into the streets (lots of people moved
like a flood), she was in floods of tears, we had a flood of
letters; come under a hail of bullets / missiles / criticism
(attacked by lots of hard things);
the exam was a breeze (light, easy); the origins have
been lost in the mists of time (difficult to see / know) / her
eyes were misty (almost crying); lightning quick / lightning
reactions (fast and sudden); a thunder of drums / the kids
thundered down the stairs (sound / move very loudly).
freeze  /friːz/ Verb
when something freezes, it becomes hard because it is
so cold. When people freeze, they get very uncomfortable
because it is extremely cold. You can also say that you are
freezing or that a place is freezing when it is very cold
I thought I was going to freeze to death | it’s freezing
in here | it’s freezing outside | the water in the lake had
started to freeze | put the heater on. I’m freezing
Adjective:  frozen | Adverb:  freezing
a frozen river | frozen vegetables | the weather was wet
and freezing cold
heavens  /ˈhev(ə)nz/ Noun plural
if you talk about the heavens, you are referring to the sky
Collocates:  the heavens open
seconds later, the heavens opened and it started
pouring with rain | the sun moved slowly across the
heavens | the heavens darkened and the rain came
down | white clouds were dotted about the heavens
non-stop  /ˌnɒnˈstɒp/ Adverb
if something happens non-stop, it continues all the time
without a pause
Collocates:  talk non-stop | drive/fly non-stop
it continued non-stop for about a week | we flew non-
stop to Chicago | he talked non-stop all evening | Stella’s
phone has been ringing non-stop all morning
Adjective:  non-stop
Collocates:  a non-stop flight
a non-stop flight from Heathrow to Chicago| the work
was non-stop, but it was fun
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pass out  /ˈpɑːs ˌaʊt/ Phrasal verb
if you pass out, you become unconscious for a short time
I thought I was going to pass out | he passed out with
the heat | I almost passed out with the pain | it nearly
made me pass out | I screamed so loud I almost
passed out
pull over  /ˈpʊl ˌəʊvə(r)/ Phrasal verb
if you pull over, you drive to the side of the road and
stop your car. If the police pull you over, they make you
move to the side of the road and stop your car
we had to pull over until the rain eased off | we pulled
over to the side of the road | she signalled to us to pull
over | we pulled over and got out of the car | Harris was
pulled over on a routine traffic check
settle  /ˈset(ə)l/ Verb
if snow settles, it stays on the ground when it lands and
does not turn to water straight away
the snow had started to settle | the roads were still clear
but the snow had settled in the fields | overnight snow
will settle on high ground
skid  /skɪd/ Verb
if you skid while you are driving, your vehicle slides
uncontrollably, for example because you have tried
to stop too quickly when it is icy or muddy
I was afraid we’d skid on the ice | the police car skidded
to a stop | the jeep skidded and slammed into the truck | if
you feel the car skidding, lift your foot off the accelerator
Noun:  skid
if you go into a skid, stop braking | she learned how to
handle a skid
soaked  /səʊkt/ Adjective
if you get soaked, you become extremely wet
Collocates:  soaked through | soaked to the skin
I got absolutely soaked on the way | after an hour in the
rain I was soaked through | within seconds they were
both soaked to the skin
Verb:  soak | Adverb:  soaking | Noun:  soaking
Collocates:  soaking wet
the rain soaked everyone to the skin | my shirt was
soaking wet | I forgot my umbrella and got a soaking
stuck  /stʌk/ Adjective
if you are stuck somewhere, you cannot get away even
though you want to
people got stuck in their cars overnight | we were stuck
inside thanks to the rain | I’m going to be stuck in London
all summer | the van got stuck in the mud (was unable to
move) | several vehicles became stuck in the snow
sunshine  /ˈsʌnˌʃaɪn/ Noun
sunshine is bright light and warmth that comes from the
sun when the weather is fine and there no clouds
Collocates:  be in sunshine | bright/glorious/brilliant
sunshine | warm sunshine
one moment we were in sunshine, next minute it was
pouring with rain | the weather was wonderful with bright
sunshine | sunshine streamed in through the windows |
the garden looked lovely in the afternoon sunshine | a
dry day with spells of warm sunshine
thunder  /ˈθʌndə(r)/ Noun singular
thunder is the loud noise that you hear in the sky during
a storm
the thunder was so loud it woke me up | a faint rumble of
thunder | the thunder was getting louder | a loud crash
of thunder followed by more lightning | a sudden clap of
thunder | the thunder rolled and roared all around us
Verb:  thunder | Adjective:  thundery
did you hear it thundering earlier? | it thundered all night
and the rain poured down | the weather looked heavy
and thundery | a thundery, purple-grey sky
turn  /tɜː(r)n/ Verb
you use turn to describe how the quality of something
changes from one state into another
it was so cold my lips turned blue | the weather has
turned nasty again | our beautiful friendship was
turning sour (we stopped being good friends) | the
demonstration turned violent | the leaves will turn
brown in the autumn
Noun:  turn
Collocates:  be on the turn
the weather was on the turn (was in the process of
changing)
windscreen  /ˈwɪn(d)ˌskriːn/ Noun
a windscreen is a sheet of glass at the front or back of a
car that the driver can see through
Collocates:  a shattered/broken/cracked windscreen | a
front/rear windscreen
the hailstones were so hard they nearly broke the
windscreen | the windscreen is cracked | wash
the windscreen | the front windscreen | a heated rear
windscreen | you’ll have to replace the windscreen |
windscreen wipers (rubber-edged strips of metal
that wipe away rain and dirt from the windscreen
while you are driving)
Pages 64–65
amidst  /əˈmɪdst/ Preposition
if something happens amidst other events, feelings, or
activities, it happens with those things happening all
around at the same time. To be amidst people means
to have people all around you. Amidst is a literary word,
and the usual word is amid
her family made an emotional appeal amidst growing
fears for her safety | he resigned amidst allegations of
corruption | I took my place amidst an utter silence |
living amidst his family
bravery  /ˈbreɪvəri/ Noun uncount
bravery is the quality and behaviour involved in being
brave
Collocates:  show/display bravery
bullfighting is full of drama, risk and bravery | he was
awarded a medal for exceptional bravery | George
displayed great bravery | they have shown extraordinary
bravery and determination
Adjective:  brave | Adverb:  bravely
Collocates:  fight/battle/struggle bravely
it was an incredibly brave thing to do | the bravest man
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I ever knew | your father was killed fighting bravely
against the enemy | he fell bravely defending his country
breeder  /ˈbriːdə(r)/ Noun
a breeder is someone who keeps animals and produces
and sells young animals
bull breeders were finding it hard to make a profit |
a successful animal breeder | a dog breeder | horse
breeders | he came from a rich family of cattle breeders
Verb:  breed | Noun:  breed
they breed cattle on the farm | a very popular breed of
dog (particular type of dog)
civilised  /ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd/ Adjective
people or places that are civilised show culture and
good standards of behaviour because they belong to an
advanced and well developed society
the true sign of a civilised country is the way it treats its
animals | a highly civilised society | it all seemed very
civilised | let’s talk about this in a civilised way | he noted
a decline in civilised behaviour | without these rules,
civilised life would be impossible
Noun:  civilisation | Opposite – Adjective:  uncivilised
modern civilisation is built upon cooperation | Europe
was home to some of the world’s most advanced
civilisations | the new law was described as backward
and uncivilised | rather uncivilised behaviour
contest  /kənˈtest/ Verb
to contest something means to say officially that you do
not agree with it or think it is wrong
Collocates:  contest a will
the will is being contested | they plan to contest the
decision | he contested the validity of the wedding
ceremony
cruel  /ˈkruːəl/ Adjective
an activity that is cruel causes unnecessary suffering to
people or animals. If people are cruel, they deliberately
cause suffering to other people or animals
many people think bullfighting is cruel | it was a very
cruel murder | children can be extremely cruel to each
other | he was frequently unpleasant but he was never
cruel | how selfish and cruel she had been
Noun:  cruelty | Adverb:  cruelly
the public does not tolerate animal cruelty (cruel
treatment of animals) | his cruelty toward his employees
eventually landed him in prison | he was treated cruelly
by the other students there | he was cruelly punished for
such a minor offence
dare  /deə(r)/ Noun
a dare is something difficult or dangerous that you do
because someone has challenged you to do it
Collocates:  do something for a dare
I tried eating them for a dare | he challenged me to a
dare
Verb:  dare
Collocates:  dare someone to do something
go on, I dare you! (I challenge you) | I dare you to call
him now | I daren’t ask him (I don’t have the courage)
ensure  /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ Verb
to ensure that something happens means to make
certain that it happens
Collocates:  ensure that something happens
tax breaks have ensured low ticket prices | please
ensure your child returns the signed letter to us | you
must ensure that all the clips are done up securely |
precautions to ensure the safety of all passengers
found  /faʊnd/ Verb
to found an institution means to start it and provide the
money it needs to become established
the RSPCA was founded in 1824 | the company was
originally founded in 1923
Noun:  founder
the founders intended the school to take both boys and
girls | his grandfather was one of the founders of the
organisation
inheritance  /ɪnˈherɪt(ə)ns/ Noun
your inheritance is money that you get from someone
after they die
Collocates:  claim an inheritance | receive an inheritance
she is struggling to win back her rightful inheritance | he
received a small inheritance from his father | Jake briefly
returned home to claim his inheritance | she accused
him of trying to steal her inheritance | he left them an
inheritance of over £30 million | she’ll come into her
inheritance when she’s 21 (she will receive it)
Verb:  inherit
will your nephew inherit the farm when you die? | his only
daughter inherited his land | when the old man dies, who
will inherit?
initial  /ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l/ Adjective
an initial idea or action is one that comes at the
beginning of a situation, and which later changes
the initial ban was introduced in 2006 | the police made
an initial breakthrough | the initial stages of the illness |
his initial reaction was positive | after an initial success,
the business failed in 2009 | initial estimates placed
total damage in the area at £40m
Adverb:  initially
initially, I didn’t enjoy the job | the company was quite
successful initially | Williams was initially reluctant but
eventually agreed to the proposal
insight  /ˈɪnsaɪt/ Noun
an insight is a clear way of understanding something
Collocates:  insight into something
research will provide invaluable insights | an experience
which gave her insight into the struggle of farmers | his
writing lacks insight | she’s got a lot of insight into this
problem | the book gives a real insight into the causes
of the war | his words provide valuable insight on this
subject
Adjective:  insightful
the book is well written and insightful | she writes a
highly insightful blog
intimidation  /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ Noun
intimidation is behaviour that deliberately tries to frighten
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someone, often in order to make them do something
they do not want to do
intimidation of laboratory staff | they endured years of
intimidation | using various intimidation tactics | reports
of violence and intimidation were widespread | a
campaign of terror and intimidation
Verb:  intimidate | Adjective:  intimidating
Collocates:  intimidate someone into doing something
they tried to intimidate him into confessing | an
attempt to intimidate voters | there was an intimidating
atmosphere in the building | he was a large dog, and
very intimidating
involvement  /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/ Noun uncount
someone’s involvement in an activity is the fact of their
taking part in it
Collocates:  involvement in something
it’s been criticised for its involvement in politics | he
denied any involvement in the robbery | her continued
involvement is due to her strong belief in the project
| the prince’s involvement had helped bring in more
volunteers to the organisation
Verb:  involve | Adjective:  involved
you shouldn’t involve yourself in these matters | after
retirement, I involved myself in a number of projects |
I got involved in research while at university | there are
lots of after-school clubs, so there’s no excuse not to
get involved
leave  /liːv/ Verb
if you leave money, property, or possessions to
someone, you give official instructions that they should
have the money, property, or possessions after you die
Collocates:  leave someone something | leave something
to someone
her parents had left everything they owned to the RSPCA |
he uncle left her a house and £20,000 | I intend to leave
most of my property to charity
matter  /ˈmætə(r)/ Noun
a matter is a problem or an issue that people cannot
agree about
they hope the matter can be settled quickly | we’ll discuss
the matter at our meeting tomorrow | the matter was
resolved when the company agreed to a pay rise
poll  /pəʊl/ Noun
a poll is an activity in which a large number of people
are asked what they think about something or how
they will vote in an election. You can also refer to the
elections that take place when a country chooses a new
government as the polls
Collocates:  an opinion poll
the results of a recent opinion poll | no opinion polls
were allowed in the week before the election | he was
defeated at the polls three times | the polls suggested
that Rocard was more popular than Mitterrand |
the poll found that neither candidate was popular
among voters
Verb:  poll
over 6,000 people from various backgrounds were
polled | 43% of voters polled were undecided
root  /ruːt/ Noun
the roots of a plant are the parts under the ground that
send food up to the plant above the ground. The roots of
a person or a tradition are the place, culture, and family
that they come from
Collocates:  go back/return to your roots
an art form that has deep roots in Spanish history | some
people cut themselves off from their roots | she felt the
need to go back to her roots | he wanted to return to his
Irish roots | I brought my mother here to rediscover her
childhood roots
Adjective:  rooted
these ceremonies are rooted in centuries-old tradition
settle  /ˈset(ə)l/ Verb
if you settle a problem or dispute, you find an acceptable
solution to it
Collocates:  settle a claim/dispute/matter
they hope the matter can be settled quickly | the case
was settled out of court (they agreed a solution and the
case didn’t need to go to court) | her insurance claim
was finally settled for £800 | find a peaceful way to
settle the dispute
spark  /spɑː(r)k/ Verb
to spark something violent or extreme means to cause it
the speech sparked a heated debate | what sparked this
explosion of anger? | the announcement has sparked
widespread demonstrations | the incident sparked
controversy across the country
subsidy  /ˈsʌbsədi/ Noun
a subsidy is an amount of money that a government pays
in order to help a producer sell goods at a lower price
and still have a profit
they survive thanks to subsidies of around €200
per bull | an agricultural subsidy | subsidies from the
European Union | small producers are given massive
subsidies | the government pays huge subsidies
to farmers
Verb:  subsidise
Collocates:  heavily subsidise something
the industry is still heavily subsidised | Ontario has
subsidised solar power energy
Pages 66–67
awkward  /ˈɔːkwə(r)d/ Adjective
an awkward social situation is one in which people feel
embarrassed because they think something is wrong but
they do not know exactly what
there was a bit of an awkward silence | there was an
awkward moment when he mentioned Jack’s ex-wife |
there was an awkward pause in the conversation when
Alan arrived
blossom  /ˈblɒs(ə)m/ Noun
blossom is the flowers that grow on trees before the
fruit develop. When a tree blossoms, it has blossom
on its branches. If a person blossoms or if their career
blossoms, they become happy and successful
Collocates:  be in blossom | blossom comes out
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spring is a good time because of all the blossom on the
trees | these blossoms appear long before the leaves |
fruit trees covered in blossom | the cherry trees are in
blossom | beautiful pink blossom | the apple blossom
has come out (the flowers have opened)
Verb:  blossom
since she won an Oscar her career has blossomed | they
met at college, and slowly their relationship blossomed
curse  /kɜː(r)s/ Verb
to curse someone or something means to say words that
are deliberately intended to cause something bad to
happen to them by magic
she thought I was cursing her | all his relatives were cursed
forever | it was possible to curse an enemy through a
spoken word | it is highly unlikely you have been cursed
Noun:  curse
Collocates:  put/place a curse on someone or something
| lift a curse
an old woman placed a curse on Serena and her family
| a terrible curse fell upon her son | the witch finally
agreed to lift the curse (to say words that would stop the
curse being in place)
flood  /flʌd/ Noun
a flood is an occasion when large amounts of water pour
into an area, for example after there has been a lot of
very heavy rain or if a water pipe bursts. If you get floods
of something unwanted, a large quantity of it arrives
there’ve been a lot of floods with all this rain | the village
was cut off by floods | the flood water rose rapidly
overnight | the need for better flood defences | they had
floods of complaints when it was first sold | she was in
floods of tears (crying a lot)
Verb:  flood
fears that the river could flood | thousands of homes
are now flooded | the river broke its banks and flooded
the village | we were flooded with orders in the run-
up to Christmas | the radio station was flooded with
complaints from listeners | his inbox is flooded with more
than 200 emails per day
funeral  /ˈfjuːn(ə)rəl/ Noun
a funeral is the ceremony that takes place when
someone who has recently died is put into the ground,
or when their body is burned
Collocates:  hold a funeral | attend a funeral | a state
funeral
her funeral will be held on Wednesday | Otto’s funeral
was organised by his sons Karl and George | her funeral
was attended by 150 family and friends | a state funeral
(a funeral organised by the government for a very
important person)
Adjective:  funeral
Collocates:  a funeral service
the funeral service was simple and moving | the funeral
procession went from Westminster to St Paul’s Cathedral
gather  /ˈɡæðə(r)/ Verb
to gather things means to collect them. To gather crops
means to take them from the fields or places where
they are growing and bring them indoors to be stored or
eaten
we’re off to gather mushrooms | the harvest was all
gathered in by the end of the month | they lived by
hunting and fishing and gathering plants and seeds |
we’ve gathered quite a lot of information | the police are
still gathering evidence | he hastily gathered his things
together and left
lethal  /ˈliːθl/ Adjective
something that is lethal can kill someone
some mushrooms can be lethal | colder temperatures
can also prove lethal for the elderly | every gun is a
lethal weapon | he suffered a lethal blow to the head |
a lethal dose of morphine | a lethal cocktail (mixture) of
alcohol and pills
Adverb:  lethally
the edge of the knife was lethally sharp | he was lethally
wounded and died the following day
misunderstanding  /ˌmɪsʌndə(r)ˈstændɪŋ/ Noun
a misunderstanding is a wrong or mistaken idea about
something
Collocates:  a total/complete/slight/common/genuine
misunderstanding
it was all a complete misunderstanding |
cultural misunderstandings | I can see how this
misunderstanding arose | I’m sorry if there was any
misunderstanding regarding what I said | we have
changed the wording to avoid any misunderstanding
Verb:  misunderstand | Adjective:  misunderstood
I misunderstood the doctor’s instructions | don’t
misunderstand me – I didn’t mean it was wrong | Powell
was a much misunderstood politician
pick  /pɪk/ Verb
if you pick fruit or vegetables or flowers, you take them
from the plant that they are growing on so that you can
eat them or show them indoors
we’re going to pick mushrooms this afternoon | freshly
picked tomatoes | pick and wash the herbs and then
chop finely
plant  /plɑːnt/ Noun
a plant is a living thing such as a tree or bush that grows
out of the ground. If you plant something in the ground,
you put seeds or a young plant in the earth so that
a plant will grow. If someone plants a bomb or other
device, they leave it there so that it will explode at a later
time
none of the other plants can survive here | house plants
(plants that you grow in pots inside your home) | my pea
plants prefer moist soil | edible wild plants (that you can
safely eat) | this very popular plant grows well indoors
Verb:  plant
we planted corn and barley (put seeds into the ground
so that corn and barley plants would grow) | my
grandfather cleared the field and planted this orchard
| terrorists had planted a bomb inside the cinema |
a demolition unit planted explosives on one of the
platforms to destroy it | a landmine had been planted
just over the border
root  /ruːt/ Noun
the roots of a plant are the parts under the ground that
send food up to the plant above the ground
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all that water has rotted the roots | the vine has put
down strong roots | a tree with an extensive root system
| the roots grew sideways and damaged the wall
rot  /rɒt/ Verb
if something rots, it decays through natural processes
if you give the plant too much water, the roots will rot |
too much water will rot the roots | the fruit was rotting
in the bowl | the old wood had rotted | eating too much
sugar will rot your teeth
Noun:  rot | Adjective:  rotting | Adjective:  rotten
the house was full of damp and rot | extensive rot in
the window frame | covering up the trunk with extra soil
can cause rot | the smell of rotting food | the bin was full
of rotting fish | a strong smell of rotten eggs | he had a
mouthful of rotten teeth
seed  /siːd/ Noun
a seed is a small part of a plant that grows into a new
plant when it is in the soil. If you talk about a seed or the
seeds of something, you are talking about the start of a
new process or development
Collocates:  sow/scatter seeds
I bought some seeds to grow some herbs in my kitchen |
soak the seeds in warm water overnight before planting
them | planting carrots is done by sowing seed | it’s just
the seed of an idea at the moment | his writing scattered
the seeds of revolutionary ideas across Europe | they
are sowing the seeds of unrest
settle  /ˈset(ə)l/ Verb
if something settles your stomach, it stops your stomach
feeling uncomfortable and likely to make you sick
it will settle your stomach | after I’d had the tea, my
stomach settled
stem  /stem/ Noun
a stem is the long thin part of a plant that a flower grows
on. If something stems from something else, it has that
other thing as its origin
cut the stems before you put the flowers in the vase | the
stems can grow up to 60 cm | it has tough, woody stems
| roses with long stems
Verb:  stem
Collocates:  stem from something
the economic crisis stemmed from mistakes made by
the banks | weight problems often stem from a poor
diet | the show’s popularity stems largely from its mix of
education and humour
stormy  /ˈstɔː(r)mi/ Adjective
stormy weather is when there is a lot of heavy rain and
wind. If people’s relationships are stormy, there is a lot
arguing and disagreement
Collocates:  stormy weather | a stormy relationship
we’ve had a lot of stormy weather recently | the night
was stormy and very cold | their relationship was
stormy from the day they married | after several stormy
meetings he decided to resign | following a stormy
debate, parliament voted against the proposal
Noun:  storm
the storm raged all night | the airport was closed
because of the approaching storm
variety  /vəˈraɪəti/ Noun
a variety of something, especially a plant, fruit, or
vegetable, is a particular type of it
we grow different varieties of tomato | these potatoes
are an early variety (they are ready to eat early in the
season) | different grape varieties are used for different
purposes | choose organically grown varieties whenever
possible
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EXERCISES Collocations
D Complete the sentences with the correct form
Prepositions of the verbs in the box. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition. settle dare blossom
1 I tried eating mud a dare. turn leave
2 She’s got a lot of insight this problem. 1 Her career has really
3 An old woman placed a curse Serena. 2 The weather nasty later that day.
4 Her health problems stem poor diet. 3 The snow is on the fields.
5 She was floods of tears. 4 He his house to his children.
6 I have the seed an idea. 5 I you to ask him to go out on a date.
7 Make sure the car doesn’t get stuck the mud.
E Complete the missing adjectives. Look up the
nouns if you need help.
Word families 1 g _ _ _ _ _ _ s sunshine
B Complete the expression with the correct form 2 a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d windscreen
of the word in bold. 3 a g _ _ _ _ _ e misunderstanding
1 a civilised society modern 4 a d _ _ _ e fog
2 he showed great bravery a thing to do F Match the two halves of the collocations.
3 a tree with strong roots  in tradition 1 a non-stop a)  seeds
4 claim your inheritance She a lot of 2 scatter b)  poll
money.
3 a state c)  flight
5 a complete don’t me
misunderstanding  4 opinion d)  opened
6 intimidation tactics They tried to 5 the heavens e)  funeral
me.
Patterns
Word-building
G Complete the sentences with the correct form of
C Tick the words which are both a noun and a the verbs in the list. Use to + infinitive or –ing.
verb.
contest freeze pull over pick
1 subsidy
2 flash 1 We are planning the decision.
3 turn 2 We spent the afternoon
strawberries.
4 skid
3 We had to the side of the road.
5 inherit
4 I thought I was going to death
6 dare
7 found
8 curse

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