Ownership

Definition

Kinds of Ownership
1. Full ownership (dominium or juis in re propia)
2. Naked ownership (nuda proprietas)
3. Sole ownership
4. Co-ownership

Bundle of rights included in ownership

Art 428
Philippine Banking v. Lui She, G.R. No. L-17587. September 12, 1967

Research: rights of an owner under Roman Law

Distinguish: real right from personal right

Other specific rights

1. Exclude or self-help – Art 429
a. See German Management v. CA, G.R. No. 76217. September 14, 1989
2. Enclose or fence – Art 430-431
3. Receive just compensations in case of expropriation – Art 435
a. Research elements of Eminent Domain
b. See Manapat v. CA, G.R. No. 110478. October 15, 2007
4. Hidden treasure – 438-439
5. Accession - 440
6. Recover or vindicate
a. Requisites
i. Art. 434
ii. Read:
1. Perez v. Malana
2. Dizon v. CA
b. Immovables
i. See Rule 70, Rules of Court
ii. See Heirs of Yusingco v. Busilak, G.R. No. 210504, Jan. 24, 2018
iii. Research: desahucio; accion interdictal; accion publiciana; accion reivindicatoria
c. Movables
i. See Rule 60, Rules of Court

Limitations on real right of ownership

1. General limitations
a. Police power
i. See also Art. XIII Sec.4, 1987 Constitution
ii. Ex. Art 436
b. Taxation
c. Eminent domain
2. Specific limitations
a. Law
i. Art 431-432, 437
ii. See also arts. 644, 677- 679, 670, 649-652, 637, 637, 676, 684-687
iii. Read:
1. US v. Causby
2. Lunod v. Meneses (G.R. No. 4223; August 19, 1908)
iv. Research:
1. sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas
2. cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad coelum est usque ad inferos

b. Contract or will
c. Self-limitation (voluntary servitudes, mortgages, pledges, lease, etc)