SECOND DRAFT OF PROJECT

HISTORY OF ICONS
__________________________________

CLASS XI-B
2019-20

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Ms Shubhi Vadehra

SUBMITTED BY:

Name: Shreya Mann

Roll No: 07

DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES

THE HERITAGE SCHOOL

SEC. 23, PLOT NO.-8, ROHINI
NEW DELHI -110085
 INDEX

S NO. TOPIC PAGE

NO.
1. INTRODUCTION OF LEADERS 3
2. IN POLITICS 4
3. EARLY POLITICAL CAREER 6
4. FOREIGN POLICIES 9
5. OVERALL WORK UNDER THEIR RULE 10
6. IRAQ WAR 14
7. INDO-PAK RELATIONS 15
8. CONCLUSION 17
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 18
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
.....................................................................

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher MS.SHUBHI VADEHRA as well as our principal
MS.YAKSHI GULATI who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic HISTORY OF ICONS,
which also helped me in doing a lot of research work and i
came to know more about so many new things i am really
thankful to them

Secondly, I would like to thank my parents and my friends who

helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.

Shreya Mann
Class XI-B
Roll no. 07
001640

.................................................................................................
 INTRODUCTION

The topic which I have chosen is totally based on the background of world’s two most
inspirational leaders – Barack Obama and Narendra Modi.
Barack Obama is the 44th president of United States of America and has been 8 years
under the presidentship.He belongs to political party named Democratic and Obama has
been to the Occidental college, Columbia University for his BA and Howard University
for JD
Narendra Modi is the 14th prime minister of India. He was elected as the prime minister
in 2014 for the first time and again in the last lok sabha elections 2019. He is from the
Bhartiya Janata Party and completed his MA in Pol Sci. from Hindu college, DU and
Post graduate from the Gujarat University

The motive behind this was no political reason but to get to know more about these two
well known leaders of world which have a long journey behind this success in politics.
This project based on their glorious journey which needs to be known.
This project has left me astounded and will leave a question “did you know?” to each
reader.

BARACK OBAMA and NARENDRA MODI are too much similar .

Both are intensely political individuals who have roots in forms of community organising,
one mobilising underprivileged neighbourhoods in Chicago; Modi crisscrossing the
country as a RSS pracharak and BJP party worker.
Obama and Modi are also shaped by a style of politics they practiced in Chicago and
Gujarat respectively. Both attained office battling unpopular regimes that were led by
dynastic figures. Obama rode the tide against George W. Bush who was an embarrassment
all round, owing to his misguided 'war on terror' and an indefensible invasion of Iraq. Modi
similarly capitalised on the general fatigue with UPA rule, the various corruption scandals
and directed his attacks on Rahul Gandhi and the Nehru-Gandhi lineage.

The project would include further certain subtopics like their journey of becoming
politicians , ideology , their first 100 days in power , current state and doing and all their
achievements which are glorious as well as looking at their substandard work.
 CONTENT
THIS PROJECT IS ON TWO MOST INSPIRATIONAL LEADERS
ONE BEING FROM OUR VERY OWN COUNTRY NARENDRA MODI ( 14th prime minister)
AND OTHER FROM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , BARACK OBAMA
( 44th president )
 IN POLITICS

Narendra Damodardas Modi ( born 17 September 1950) is an Indian

politician serving as the 14th and current Prime Minister of India since 2014.
He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, and is the Member of
Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
and of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer
organisation. He is the first prime minister outside of the Indian National
Congress to win two consecutive terms with a full majority, and the second one
to complete five years in office after Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Barack Hussein Obama ( born August 4, 1961) is an

American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United
States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the
first African American to be elected to the presidency. He previously served as
a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from
1997 to 2004.
 EARLY POLITICAL CAREER
NARENDRA MODI
In June 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India which
lasted until 1977. During this period, known as "The Emergency", many of her political
opponents were jailed and opposition groups were banned. Modi was appointed general
secretary of the "Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti", an RSS committee coordinating
opposition to the Emergency in Gujarat. Shortly afterwards, the RSS was banned. Modi
was forced to go underground in Gujarat and frequently travelled in disguise to avoid
arrest. He became involved in printing pamphlets opposing the government, sending them
to Delhi and organising demonstrations.Modi was also involved with creating a network of
safe houses for individuals wanted by the government, and in raising funds for political
refugees and activists.During this period, Modi wrote a book in Gujarati, Sangharsh Ma
Gujarat (In The Struggles of Gujarat), describing events during the Emergency.Modi
became an RSS sambhag pracharak (regional organiser) in 1978, overseeing RSS
activities in the areas of Surat and Vadodara, and in 1979 he went to work for the RSS in
Delhi, where he was put to work researching and writing the RSS's version of the history of
the Emergency. He returned to Gujarat a short while later, and was assigned by the RSS to
the BJP in 1985. In 1987 Modi helped organise the BJP's campaign in the Ahmedabad
municipal election, which the BJP won comfortably; Modi's planning has been described
as the reason for that result by biographers.After L. K. Advani became president of the
BJP in 1986, the RSS decided to place its members in important positions within the BJP;
Modi's work during the Ahmedabad election led to his selection for this role, and Modi
was elected organising secretary of the BJP's Gujarat unit later in 1987.
Modi rose within the party and was named a member of the BJP's National Election
Committee in 1990, helping organise L. K. Advani's 1990 Ram Rath Yatra in 1990
and Murli Manohar Joshi's 1991–92 Ekta Yatra (Journey for Unity). However, he took a
brief break from politics in 1992, instead establishing a school in Ahmedabad; friction
with Shankersingh Vaghela, a BJP MP from Gujarat at the time, also played a part in this
decision. Modi returned to electoral politics in 1994, partly at the insistence of Advani, and
as party secretary, Modi's electoral strategy was considered central to the BJP victory in
the 1995 state assembly elections. In November of that year Modi was elected BJP national
secretary and transferred to New Delhi, where he assumed responsibility for party
activities in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh .The following year, Shankersinh Vaghela, a
prominent BJP leader from Gujarat, defected to the Indian National Congress (Congress,
INC) after losing his parliamentary seat in the Lok Sabha elections.Modi, on the selection
committee for the 1998 Assembly elections in Gujarat, favoured supporters of BJP
leader Keshubhai Patel over those supporting Vaghela to end factional division in the
party. His strategy was credited as key to the BJP winning an overall majority in the 1998
elections and Modi was promoted to BJP general secretary (organisation) in May of that
year.
 BARACK OBAMA

Two years after graduating from Columbia, Obama moved from New York to Chicago
when he was hired as director of the Developing Communities Project, a church-based
community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Roseland, West
Pullman, and Riverdale on Chicago's South Side. He worked there as a community
organizer from June 1985 to May 1988.Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996,
succeeding Democratic State Senator Alice Palmer from Illinois's 13th District, which, at
that time, spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park–Kenwood south
to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn.Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support
for legislation that reformed ethics and health care laws.He sponsored a law that
increased tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted
increased subsidies for childcare.
He was reelected to the Illinois Senate in 1998, defeating Republican Yesse Yehudah in the
general election, and was re-elected again in 2002.In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary
race for Illinois's 1st congressional district in the United States House of
Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one.In January
2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services
Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority. During
his 2004 general election campaign for the U.S. Senate, police representatives credited
Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death
penalty reforms.Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his
election to the U.S. Senate.
 FOREIGN POLICY

NARENDRA MODI BARACK OBAMA

In February and March 2009,
Vice President Joe Biden made
Modi's foreign policy, similarly to that of the
separate overseas trips to announce a "new
preceding INC government, focused on
era" in U.S. foreign relations with
improving economic ties,security,and
Russia and Europeto signal major
regional relations. Modi continued
changes from the policies of the
Manmohan Singh's policy of "multi-
preceding administration.Obama
alignment”. The Modi administration tried to
attempted to reach out to Arab leaders by
attract foreign investment in the Indian
granting his first interview to an
economy from several sources, especially in East
Arab satellite TV network, Al Arabiya
Asia, with the use of slogans such as "Make in
India" and "Digital India".The government also
tried to improve relations with Islamic nations in
the Middle East,such as Bahrain,Iran,Saudi
Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates,
as well as with Israel.
 OVERALL WORK UNDER RULE..

Narendra Modi

1. Cusp of overtaking the USA to becoming world’s second largest economy.

2. “Home Delivery of services “ model(cooking gas, health care,multiple citizens’s
service)
3. Technology as lifeblood has to flow through programmes like “ Digital India “
4. An AAA govt. or “ anytime-anywhere-anyhow” govt., accelarating in deep collaberation
with the private sector

Barack Obama

1 – Rescued the country from the Great Recession, cutting the unemployment rate from
10% to 4.7% over six years
2 – Signed the Affordable Care Act which provided health insurance to over 20 million
uninsured Americans
3 – Ended the war in Iraq
4- Supported the LGBT community’s fight for marriage equality
 MAJOR ACTS HAPPENED UNDER THEIR RULE

MODI’S ACTIONS ON
INDO-PAK RELATIONS

In February 2019, tensions escalated when India launched airstrikes in

Pakistani territory against alleged terrorist camps which New Delhi claimed
were behind the attack on an Indian paramilitary convoy in Pulwama earlier
that month. Pakistan retaliated by launching airstrikes in Indian-administered
Kashmir, which was followed by an air battle in which an Indian Air Force
pilot, Abhinandan Varthaman, was captured by Pakistan, and further had to
release the pilot safely.
Under the Modi’s rule India’s stand on Kashmir issue has been stronger and is
constantly taking revenge from terrorism promoted in pak .
Recently, on 5 August 2019 , the Modi Govt. has scrapped the article 370 and
35(a)
Which can be a strong move against the pak and better future of kashmir

Source : The diplomat

 OBAMA’S ACTIONS ON

IRAQ WAR

The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq
by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The
conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the
occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.
On February 27, 2009, Obama announced that combat operations in Iraq would end
within 18 months.The Obama administration scheduled the withdrawal of combat troops to
be completed by August 2010, decreasing troop's levels from 142,000 while leaving a
transitional force of about 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011. On August 19, 2010, the
last U.S. combat brigade exited Iraq. Remaining troops transitioned from combat
operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security
forces.On August 31, 2010, Obama announced that the United States combat mission in
Iraq was over.On October 21, 2011 President Obama announced that all U.S. troops
would leave Iraq in time to be "home for the holidays". In June 2014, following the capture
of Mosul by ISIS, Obama sent 275 troops to provide support and security for U.S.
personnel and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad. ISIS continued to gain ground and to
commit widespread massacres and ethnic cleansing.In August 2014, during the Sinjar
massacre Obama ordered a campaign of U.S. airstrikes against ISISBy the end of 2014,
3,100 American ground troops were committed to the conflictand 16,000 sorties were
flown over the battlefield
Relation between India and USA under the rule of these
two leaders

India-U.S. bilateral relations have developed

into a "global strategic partnership", based
on shared democratic values and increasing
convergence of interests on bilateral, regional
and global issues. The emphasis placed by the
Government in India on development and
good governance has created opportunity to
reinvigorate bilateral ties and enhance
cooperation under the motto ---
“ChaleinSaathSaath: Forward Together We
Go”, and "SanjhaPrayas, Sab ka Vikas"
(Shared Effort, Progress for All) adopted
during the first two summits of Prime
Minister Modi and President Obama
 CONCLUSION
I conclude my project by summing this all in a nut shell, by saying that the
two leaders have two different ways of dealing with issues arising in the
world may it be the issue of terrorism , may it be with Iraq or with Pakistan
but they have a same track of demanding world- wide and nation-wide
PEACE.

No doubt i chose to research upon the most renowned leaders of the

world but there was a lot to know about their lifes and their career and
journey to politics and becoming inspirational to all and the “ ideal”
politicians.

According to my understanding and the research work i did on these two

leaders , I believe these two politicians have given a lot to their country
and have together appealed for Peace and on the moto of “ together we
go” .

Conclusion is not sufficient until we predict .

So do you think Barack Obama will be back as a president in USA ?
Do you Think Narendra Modi will be back in power in year 2024 elections ?
Will they do good to the world together?

Prediction about their future is never

ending and so are the questions .
BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama

https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/outlining-the-first-100-
days/article27394453.ece

https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/three-scenarios-for-india-pakistan-
relations-under-modi-2-0/

MOVIE: PM NARENDRA MODI

2016: OBAMA’S AMERICA