Christ the King College

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Calbayog City

ACTIVITY
#AtomicStrucSURE!
S
NAME: _________________________________________ C
GRADE & SECTION: ______________________ O
DATE:__________ R
E

I. OBJECTIVES:

Learners shall:
1. Explain how the basic laws of matter (law of conservation of mass, law of
constant composition or definite proportions, law of multiple proportions) led
to the formulation of Dalton’s Atomic Theory;
2. Describe Dalton’s Atomic Theory;
3. Differentiate among atomic number, mass number, and isotopes;
4. Explain relative atomic mass of selected isotopes;
5. Write isotope notations;
6. Compute for the relative atomic mass of selected isotopes;
7. Recognize common isotopes and their uses;
8. Differentiate among atoms, molecules, ions, and give examples;
9. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of an
Element;
10. Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas, and
Models;
11. Give the similarities and differences between the empirical formulas of the
compounds given their names; and
12. Practice naming ionic compounds and writing their chemical formulas.

II. MATERIALS:

Activity sheet
Black- inked ballpen
Extra sheet of paper (bond paper)

III. PROCEDURES:

NOTE:
 Use ONLY black- inked ballpen.
 You are not allowed to use pencil.
 Use another sheet of paper if necessary.
 Work for it neatly.
 Follow directions.
 1
A. Answer the practice questions below.
1. Define cation and anion.

- An anion is an atom or a molecule which is negatively charged, i.e. has more

number of electrons than protons. A cation is an atom or a molecule which is
positively charged, i.e. has more number of protons than electrons.

2. How many electrons has a nitrogen atom gained if it has formed the ion N? How
many protons and electrons are in N ion?
- 8 electrons. 21 protons and 18 electrons

3. Write the chemical symbol for the ion with 20 protons and 18 electrons.
- Ca2+

4. Explain briefly average atomic weight.

- The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of its isotopes,
each multiplied by its natural abundance (the decimal associated with percent
of atoms of that element that are of a given isotope).

5. Identify the subatomic particles with the least and greatest masses.
- The least is Hydrogen and the greatest is Ununhexium (Uuh).

6. Define isotopes. Give examples of isotopes and it’s uses.

- Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron
number, and consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes of a given element have
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.
Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one
with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). Carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-
14 is a radioactive isotope(radioisotope).

7. Differentiate atomic number from mass number. Give an example.

- One is the average weight of an element and the other is the total number of
nucleons in the atom's nucleus. Atomic mass is also known as atomic
weight. Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element
based on the relative natural abundance of that element's isotopes. The mass
number is a count of the total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom's nucleus.

8. Give the contributions of the following scientists in the development of the atomic
structure:
a. John Dalton
- Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms,
indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an element were
identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.
b. Ernst Rutherford
- Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold
foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy
nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by
a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure.
c. J.J. Thomson
-In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by experimenting with a
Crookes, or cathode ray, tube. He demonstrated that cathode rays were negatively
charged. Thomson realized that the accepted model of an atom did not account for
negatively or positively charged particles.
d. James Chadwick
 - In 1932, James Chadwick bombarded beryllium atoms with alpha particles.
An unknown radiation was produced. Chadwick interpreted this radiation as being
composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge and the approximate mass of
a proton. This particle became known as the neutron.

9. What is the main idea of Dalton’s Atomic Theory? How does this theory explain the
three fundamental laws of matter? 2
- The main points of Dalton's atomic theory are: Everything is composed
of atoms, which are the indivisible building blocks of matter and cannot be
destroyed. All atoms of an element are identical. The atoms of different
elements vary in size and mass. Dalton's atomic theory was the first complete
attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties. Dalton
based his theory on the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant
composition. The first part of his theory states that all matter is made of atoms,
which are indivisible. The second part of the theory says all atoms of a given
element are identical in mass and properties. The third part says compounds
are combinations of two or more different types of atoms. The fourth part of the
theory states that a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. Parts of the
theory had to be modified based on the discovery of subatomic particles and
isotopes.

10. What specific observations in the alpha- scattering experiment led by Rutherford
suggest that the positive charge in an atom must be located in a very small part of
the atom?
- In the experiment, positively charged alpha particles were fired at thin gold foil.
Most alpha particles went straight through the foil. But a few were scattered in
different directions. This evidence led Rutherford to suggest a new model for
the atom, called the nuclear model.

11. Differentiate atoms, molecules, and ions. Give at least 5 examples of each.
- Molecules are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically
bonded. Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more of their
valence electrons and therefore have a net positive or negative charge. An atom can
be an ion, but not all ions are atoms.
Atom: Neon, Iron, Calcium, Argon and Hydrogen
Molecules: Water, Nitrogen, Ozone, Calcium Oxide and Table salt
Ions: Aluminum Sulfide, Beryllium Chloride, Boron Iodide, Calcium Nitride
and Copper Phosphide

B. Answer critically the practice problems below:

1. How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are in each of the following particles?
a. Br – 35, 35, 45
b. Li – 3, 3, 4
c. Fe – 26, 26, 30
d. Ca – 20, 20, 20
e. Cu – 29, 29, 35
f. Ag – 47, 47, 61
2. An iron nail is composed of four isotopes with the percentages abundances and
atomic masses given in the table below. Calculate the average atomic mass of iron.

ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE (%) ATOMIC MASS (amu)

54 Fe 5.80 53.9396
56 Fe 91.72 55. 9349
57 Fe 2.20 56. 9354
58 Fe 0.28 57. 9333

- 56.1858 amu

3. The element copper contains the naturally- occurring isotopes Cu and Cu. The
relative abundances and atomic masses are 69. 2% (mass= 62. 93 amu) and 30. 8%
(mass= 64. 93%). Calculate the average atomic mass of copper.
- 63.93 amu

4. By using the table of atomic masses and atomic number, write the symbol of the
following:
a. An isotope of iodine whose atoms have 78 neutrons.
3
b. An isotope of strontium whose atoms have 52 neutrons.
c. An isotope of cesium whose atoms have 82 neutrons.
d. An isotope of fluorine whose atoms have 9 neutrons.
e. An isotope of oxygen whose atoms have 10 neutrons.

5. Complete the table:

Element Change in Electrons Formula of Ion Name of Ion

Al 3 electrons lost Al Aluminum
Cl Cl Chlorine
S S Sulfur
Ca 2 electrons lost Ca Calcium

Number Number
Number Mass Atomic
Element of of
of protons Number Number
electrons Neutrons
Si 14 15
2
50 24
88 38

6. Give the chemical formula, structural formula, and empirical formula of the following
compounds:
 Sucrose
 Methane
 Benzene
 Water
  Sodium chloride

7. Give the name of the following ionic compounds:

 CuBr – Copper Bromide
 CaO – Calcium Oxide
 KCl – Potassium Chloride
 HCl – Hydrogen Chloride
 CO – Carbon Oxide

C. Make your own conclusion.