REL 531 * 1.

0 1 MAK 506 004-BEN

Page'
Line di:stance protection terminal Oclober 1997
Changed since April 1997
Dala subjecl to change wilhoul nolice

ABB Network Partner

(SE 95 02 15)
\
I

Features .Simultaneous measurement of the phase-
phase and phase-earth loop impedances with in
the numerical rneasuring elements thai are indi-
vidual for each type of fa~lt and each dist8;nce
zone ensures fi3.stand reliable fault detectlon
-three di~tance protection zones with individuaJ
setting of the directionality and reach in reac-
live and resistive direction
-instantar)eous overcurrent protection
-SWI"tc h -o.."'t 0- f au It pro tec t"lon facll"I"tles
"

.Adaptive zone 1 and communication zone mea-" "" "" "

surement for hi!:Jh-speed operation at earth and
phase-to-phase fault with maintained maximum
dependability and security
.The minimum operating time is 10 ms.
The operating time for the impedance measure-
ment is less than one cycle
.Numerical filtering and measuring technique
ensures a correct performance during GT satu-
ration and GVT transients
.Directional mea!~urement polarized with positive
sequence volta~Je for correct directionality also
at evolving multi-phase faults. Polarization and
~em~ry contro) for correct discriminatio~ of
dlrectlon at SerIE!Scompensated system In case
of voltage revers:al
.Versatile local man machine communication
(MMG) from the relay front panel, together with
two optionally bLlilt-in serial ports
l .Extensive self-supervision with fault diagnostics
presented on thE~MM I module
"."
.Detalied dlsturbalnce reporting for the last ten
disturbances with up to 150 time-tagged events
for each reported disturbance
-com~un~catlon logi? with bullt-ln unblocklng
fun?uon, weak-end Infeed and current reversal
loglc
-phase-selective single-pole tripping
-mean values of the line current, voltage, active
power, reactive power and frequency
-status of \3."binary input and internai binary
signals,
.The following functions are available optionally,
independent of each other:
-functions for application in series compensa-
ted network
-one additional impedance zone
-up to three I/O modules
-power swirg detection element
-programmable communication logic with capa-
bility for phase segregated communication for
correct single pole tripping without deiayaiso
at simultameous earth fault along an entire
double-circuit line
"'. ..
-fuse fatlur, supervisIon funcuon
-autoreclosing, single or three-phase
I

.The basic version of REL 531 includes: -synchronism check and energizing check
function :
 REL 531 * 1.0
--
ABS Network Partner
Line distance protection terminal
---
breaker-failure protection
under and overvoltage protection
supervision of the protected power line
stub protection
Application The REL 531 line protection terminal repre-
sents the high performance unit of the trans-
mission and sub-transmission line protection
terminals that form a part of a PYRAMID sys-
tem. The PYRAMID system includes a com-
plete range of the complex object terminals, a
functional station monitoring, and a station
controi system. The blocks in PYRAMID are
available as stand-al,one protection units or as
building blocks in a complete Substation Moni-
toring System (SMS), Substation Controi Sys-
tem (SCS) and/or Relay Testing System (RTS).
Basic functions
The basic protection flJnction in REL 531 is a full
scheme distance protE~tion with individual mea-
suring elements for the different types of faults
that belong to the various impedance zones. The
protection includes b;asically three impedance
measuring zones with programmable directiona-
Iity.
For correct direction measurement the REL 531
is polarized with the positive-sequence voltage
stored in a memory, memorizing both pre-fault
ph ase and frequency. In cage of asymmetrical
faults the directional ml3asurement is maintained
during an uniimited timl3. At three-phase fault the
directionality is sustained with the memory.
The quadrilateral characteristic of each impe-
dance zone with an irujividual and independent
setting of the reach in reiactive and resistive direc-
tion, ensures an optimi,~ed application for all line
lengths on single lines ,as weil as on lines within
complex network configurations. Adaptation indi-
vidually for each zone of the earth return com-
pensation contributes additionally to the
adaptability of the ter,minal. The quadrilateral
characteristic ensures a maximum resistive
coverage for all faults and a maximum limitation
of load influence. The load compensated reac-
tance characteristic of zone 1 makes REL 531
applicable for the protec:tion of long, heavily loa-
ded transmission lines.
The zone 1 and the zone for communication co-
operation are equipped with two paralIei opera-
ting measuring algorithms for enabling high-
speed operation combirled with small dynamic
overreach and security. During the first half cycle
alter the fault interception, the measuring quanti-
ties will contain a great amount of transients.
Zones with operating times <20 ms have to eva-
luate the information during this time and the
short operation time will not allow a high degree
of filtering due to the time delays introduced by
filtering. So, a high-speed zon e will naturally not
have the same degree of security and small
--
-earth fault ov~rcurrent protection, directional
or non-directional
-accurate faulf locator
I
-disturbance recorder with a recording time of
typical15 s I
-command funPtion
I
dynamic overreaCh as a zone with 28 ms opera-
tion time. I
I
To avoid a compnomise between speed, accuracy
and security, REl531 is equipped with two algo-
rithms operating in paralIei. One is the measure-
ment utilized in REL 521 with excellent
performance regarding accuracy, small dynamic
overreach, load compensation etc. and with a
typical operation time 28 mg.
The complementary measurement for high-
speed operation is achieved in an adaptive algo-
rithm that will adjust the reach according to the
measuring conditions at the fault. So the maxi-
mum speed will be achieved with out jeopardizing
the security against false tripping. The natural
lack in reach at severe measuring conditions will
be compensated by the paralIei operating "REL
521" algorithm.
The phase selective instantaneous overcurrent
protection function serves as a complement to
the basic underimpedance function. This in order
to further reduce the tripping time for faults cha-
racterized by very high fault currents, which can
critically influence the stability of the system.
The communication logic covers most of the
needs of existing communication schemes based
on permissive overreach and underreach transfer
tripping, as weil as on the blocking principle. In
addition to this, unblocking logic in two different
modes is available within the permissive sche-
mes. A separate current-reversal logic is availa-
ble to prevent falsetripping of the healthy system
on multi-circuit lines and within complex network
configurations. A built-in weak infeed logic is pro-
grammable for operation in echo mode only, or in
both echo and tripping mode. When a single-
phase autoreclosing is used for the single-phase
faults, the tripping from the weak-end infeed func-
tian is als o phase-selective.
The phase selection for single-pole tripping is
achieved with complementary functions in the
measuring algorithm for high-speed trip of phase-
to-earth faults. This phase selection function is
further supported by impedance measurement
exclusive for the phase selection with individually
settable reactive an~ resistive reach. This combi-
ned phase selectorl is argO used for the phase
segregated commu!,!ication logic.
 ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 11.0
Line distance protection terminal
x ports for remote communication.
ZM4
Fig.1 Operating characteristic of the distance
protection function of REL 531
A built-in switch-onto-fault function provides
instantaneous three-phase tripping for the whole
line section if a circuit breaker accidentally is clo-
sed on to a fau~t. The function operates in a con-
ventionai way (by means of an external binary
signal from a CB controi switch), or by a built-in
optionallogic.
Four independent groups of setting parameters
are available within the REL 531. The user can
ch ange an active group as weil as different para-
meters within arlY of them locally by the aid of the
user-friendly man machine communication unit,
or by means of a personal computer (PC). It is
also possible to change an active setting group
by activating one of the four programmable binary
inputs.
Connections be1:ween different functional inputs
and outputs, binary inputs and binary outputs are
user configurable. The user can configure all
built-in functions according to his needs. Fifty dif-
ferent logical gatl3s and timers with individual set-
table time delays extends additionally the total
flexibility of the terminals.
The MMI serves as an information unit, presen-
ting in a Iogicalorder starting and tripping signals
that have appeared during each of the last ten
recorded disturbances.
Furthermore, eac:h of the two local MMI possibili-
ties takes over the functionality of the measuring
instruments such as the A-meter, V-meter, VAr-
meter, W-meter and Hz-meter. The current statu-
ses of all binary input signals and internallogical
signals are available too. Directionality tests
during commissioning become a routine by using
the REL 531 and its man machine communica-
tion possibilities.
Up to 150 time-ta!;Jged events for each of the last
ten recorded distLlrbances are available via SMS,
SCS or the PC-t::onnection on the front. Time
synchronization is possible by means of the min-
ute pulses wired to a separate binary input as
~R
1MRK 506 0O4-BEN
Page 3
weil as via the optionally built-in communication
Optional functions
ImRedance Rrotection zone
One addition al impedance measuring zone
(zone 4) with programmable direction.
Functions for aRDlication in series comDensated
network
To maintain correct directional discrimination in
series compensated network in cage of voltage
reversal ~ special polarization function is requi-
red. The polarization voltage have to be based on
healthy phase and memorized voltage. The
selection of phase voltages for synchronization of
the memory is controlled by a set of impedance
criteria's. I
Scheme cQmmunication logic for Rhase-searega-
ted comml:lnication
The communication scheme is also equipped
with a fast phase selection function. REL 531 is
equipped with a unique permissive transfer trip
communication scheme logic that can send and
evaluate phase segregated communication sig-
nals utilizing the fast phase selection function and
three separate carrier channels.
Utilizing ph ase segregated signals, correct
single-poletripping can be maintained at simulta-
neous faulton the entire length of a double circu-
its line. The single pole tripping performance with
segregated communication is as excellent as with
phase segregated line differential protections.
When different channels for each phase are not
available, the communication logic can operate in
a conventionai mode with a single channel.
Automatic switch-onto-fault logic
As an option, REL 531 has a built-in logic that
determines the dead line conditions necessary
for the operation of the switch-onto-fault function.
This logic can replace the auxiliary contact of the
circuit breaker controi switch and the correspon-
ding wiring.
Fuse failuresuDervision function
The operation of the built-in fuse failure supervi-
sion function is based on the detection of a zero-
sequence vqltage without the presence of a zero-
sequence current.
Power swing detection
The power swing detection function has an inde-
pendent setting of the reach in resistive and reac-
tive direction. Its measuring principle is based on
a weil proven measurement of the transient impe-
dance transition time between two concentric
impedance polygons. The blocking from the
power swing!ng is programmable for each dis-
tance zone separately.
Autoreclosing
The autoreclCDsing option consists of a single and/
or three-pha&e one or multi-shot autoreclosing.
The reclosing function can be selected to perform
single-phase" and/or three phase reclosing from
eight single ~hot to multiple shot reclosing pro-
ASS Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
Line distance prc,tection terminal
grams. The three-phase autoreclose open time
can be selected to give either high speed autore-
closing or delayed autoreclosing.
Three phase autoreclosing can be performed
with or without the lise of an optional synchro-
nism check or energizing check function. Exten-
sive information on tl,e operation of a reclosing
function is available to the user at any time.
Synchronism and energizing check function
The built-in synchronism check function has all
the characteristic operating parameters settable
in wide ranges. The energizing check function
makes possible energizing of dead line as weil as
energizing of dead busbar or energizing in both
directions.
Breaker failure grotect[Qn
The optional breaker failure protection as built
inta REL 531 measures the current flowing
through the line circuit breaker.
Two timers are available, one independent on the
other: timer T1 for a repeated tripping of its own
circuit breaker, and tilmer T2 that operates the
corresponding output relays, connected inta the
breaker failure tripping logic.
Any one of the interrlal tripping functions can
start the operation of the breaker failure protec-
tian. It is also possible to program the correspon-
ding binary inputs for tl,e purpose of starting the
breaker failure protection.
Earth fault overcurrent protection
Complementary non-clirectional or directional
earth fault overcurrent protection functions are
available optionally.
Both versions have selectable time delay char-
acteristics, four of them current-dependent, and
one independent. The current-dependent time
characteristics argO incllude the possibility of set-
ting the minimum operalting current and time.
Directional overcurrent earth fault protection uses
two directional measurirlg elements; one directed
in forward and one in reverse direction. This
allows permissive overreach and blocking com-
munication schemes with the protection at the
remote line end. In REL 531, the separate optio-
nar communication circluits for directional earth
fault protection are comJ:lletely independent of the
communication circuits for the distance protec-
tian. Furthermore, similar logical circuits as those
for the distance protectilDn are also available for
the directional earth fault protection (switch-onto-
fault, current reversal, weak end infeed echo and
tripping).
The operation is stabilized against second har-
monics. This allows sett:ings for high sensitivity
without unwanted tripping due to residual inrush
currents in the transforml~r.
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Page 4
S}!stem suRervision functions and stub Rrotection
Different supervision functions that supervise a
protected power line, as weil as the near vicinity
of REL 531, are available as an option among the
supervision functions of the system.
Their functionality is based on a measurement of
the line current (overload protection) and a diffe-
rence in the phase currents (broken conductor
protection). A loss-of-voltage function with its trip-
ping logic is usef\,J1in systems with a built-in auto-
matiG restorationfunction.
The overload protection will change to a stub pro-
tection by energizing the corresponding binary
input in REL 531 ~ It can thus be effectively used
in switchyards w~h 11/2 circuit breaker configura-
tion when VTs are installed on the line side of the
line isolator. I
I
Fault locator i
An optional fault locator is an essentiai comple-
ment to the distance protection, since it measu-
res distance to the fault with great accuracy.
The option provides a fault location together with
the information on the primary and secondary
phasors of the voltages and currents in the relay
point. The pre-fault and fault values of currents
and voltages in the relay point, recorded together
with their phase relations for the last ten recorded
disturbances, are also available.
The calculation algorithm compensates the effect
of the load currents and the apparent fault res is-
tance.
Disturbance recorder
The disturbance recording function is an impor-
tant part of a station monitoring system, which
enables the evaluation of different events within
the power system.
The optional distu!rbance recorder with a high
performance is one of the building blocks within
the REL 531.lt can memorize up to 10 analogue
and 48 binary signals (input binary signals or
internai signals) that are availab!e within the ter-
minal.
seconds.
The minimum' total recording time is 10
Any of the recorded analogue and binary signals
is programmable to start arecording. Further-
more, analogue signals are programmable for
overfunctions and underfunctions, and binary sig-
nals can start recotding with a transition from a
logical O to a logical' 1 and vice versa.
The time base is synchronized with an interna!
clock and via the synchronizing facilities further
on to the system. li>re-fault time, post-fault time
and limit time are settable in wide ranges.
I
It is possible to locally collect disturbance records
by means of a PC lused for local man machine
communication, as !well as remotely within the
SMS. The disturbanpe evaluating PC-based pro-
gram type REVAL, Qperating in MS Windows, is
also available.
 I
Increased me;asuring accuracy All of th, REL 531 internai logical signals can
The measurement of U, I, P and Q becomes controi one or more of the output relays.
more accurate! with calibrated values.
All the o~tput relays are freely programmable to
Command funQ.tiQnQ any of the internallogical signals.
Optionally built-in function block makes possible
All configurations can be programmed on the
on line remote controi of up to ten binary signals.
built-in MMI, SMS or with the CAP 531 configura-
On this way the on line controi of the circuit
tion tool.
breakers as weil as different built in functions is
possible remotely via the SCS and SMS. Optionsl remote serial communication
Optionally, the corresponding software and one
Optional input/output facilities or two serial communication ports are available
The basic ver~;ion of REL 531 comprises binary
with the REL 531. They are installed independent
inputs and output relay contacts, and also a nor-
of each other on the back plane of the terminal.
mally closed contact, used for the signalization of
One port 1iJsesSPA communication, and one port
the continuous self-supervision function.
uses LON communication.Remote communica-
Up to three aclditional modules are available as tion with REL 531 uses the optical fibres to elimi-
option, each of them comprising 16 binary inputs, nate the" influence of the electromagnetic
24 relay contac:ts or 8 binary inputs and 12 inde- interferenqes. This enables the REL 531 to be a
pendent output relay contacts. part of the SMS and/or the SCS at the same
All the binary inputs are freely programmable for time.
any of the built-in functions to assure the greatest
possible flexibility.
--- --
Design The REL 531 line protection terminal is supplied -One binary output module with 24 output
in a closed cage of common ABB look, which is relays. "
3/4 of 19" rack wide and 6U (10") high. A mother- -Man machine interface module is installed on
board is mounteid under the front cover of the ter- the front plane of REL 531 and serves as a
minal. All other lunits are of plug-in type and thus local communication facility between the user
easily removablle. Screw connection terminals, and the equipment.
mounted on the back plane of the terminal, serve Up to thre~ input/output modules are available
for the electricaJ connections to the external cir-
optionally
cuits. Optional optical connectors that serve for
remote communication purposes within the SCS Basic version
and SMS are loc:ated on the back plane too. The measuring technique used in the REL 531
terminal is based on pure numerical methods.
The basic confi(}uration of REL 531 consists of The measuring signal processors operate with
the following unil:s: numerical signals derived from the analogue-to-
-Transformer module with five voltage and five digital converter (see Fig. 2).
current input transformers. The self-supervision function operates continu-
-NO conversion module for 10 analogue sig- ously and includes:
nals, operatin!~ with a sampling frequency of
-normal rr1icroprocessor watchdog function
2000 Hz.
-Main processing module that performs all the -checkinglof digitized measuring signals
REL 531 mea:~uring functions. -checksum verification of PROM contents
-Power supply modul e, which comprises a -checksum verification of all types of signal
regulated OC/IDC converter that provides sta- communication
bilized auxiliary voltage to all static circuits. -read-write-read-write cycling of the memory
-One binary input module with 16 binary inputs cells and internai registers
and relays.

--
 -,- -
1'-

-'l

L ~.~.J
REL 531 basic block diagram

Transformer module
Totally ten analogue input quantities are proces-
sed in a transformer unit:
-three currents as phase currents of the protec-
ted line
-residual current (310) of the protected line
-residual current (310) of the paralIei operating
line when used (for an optional fault location
function on ly)
-three phase-to-earth voltages of the protected
line
-open delta voltage of a protected line (for an
optional directional earth fault protection func-
tian, when used)
-one phase-to-earth 'foltage from the busbar
side of a circuit breaker (for an optional
synchro check /energizing check function,
when used)
NO conversion module
Anti-alising low pass alnalogue filters filter the
analogue signals before they enter the multip-
lexer and an analogue-to-digital converter. A
separate signal processl:>r in an NO conversion
module perlorms digital low-pass filtering. Each
of the ten analogue quantities is primarily samp-
led with 2 kHz frequencjl and after skew adjust-
ment a new sample every ms is achieved for the
ten quantities. The indivi-jual samples are achie-
ved from two primary sarnples.
The information is the n converted from paralIei to
serial mode and transrrlitted to the measuring
unit.

.J
._0
~

To maintain the correct direction measurement at
three phase fault close to the relay point and in
case of voltage reversal in series compensated
system a phase and frequency locked memory is
used. The positive sequence voltage is memori-
zed for 100 ms;. The phase voltage to the positive
sequence filter is controlled by faulty phase infor-
mations when REL 531 is used on series com-
pensated systEim.
A 32 bit microcontroller directs the information
flow over the CAN bus with the different signal
processors, in~'utJoutput units and also performs
some different logical functions, built into the REL
531 line terminal. It als o controls the following
three communi(~ation ports:
-to the man machine communication unit and
connected PC, if any, for local man machine
communication
-to the station monitoring system SMS (option)
-to the substation controi system SCS (option)
Power suRRlym~
The power supply unit comprises aregulated DC/
DC converter that provides a stabilized auxiliary
voltage to all sta,tic circuits within the REL 531 as
weil as to all outlput relays.
Man machine in1:erface (MMI) module
The MMI unit has a common ABB look and is
installed on the front plane of REL 531. It is used
for local communication with the personnel on
site. The following most important functions are
unified in the Mfvll unit:
-settings:
Four groups ot setting parameters are settable
or readable by menu-structured, self-explana-
tory MMI soft\Afare. Different parameters are
changeable with in the different setting groups.
The selection of an active setting group is also
possible.
-information handling:
The most impclrtant information on the last ten
disturbances, including the time of distur-
bance, its duration, together with the starting
and tripping si~)nals, is stored in REL 531 and
available to thEi user at any time via the MMI
module. Information about the actualline cur-
rent, voltage, active and reactive power
together with frequency is als o available. The
same is valid for the statuses of all important
internallogical signals. If the optional fault
location is included in REL 531, the informa-
tion on distance to fault, together with the pha-
sars of the pre-fault and fault currents and
voltages, is available for the last ten disturban-
ces as weil.
--
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Page 7
-fault tr~cing:
The faulty part of a REL 531 as detected by
the built-in continuous self supervision will be
presented by the corresponding code on the
MMI module.
Two connection points (transmitting and recei-
ving), for the connection of the optical fibres, are
available in the MM I module. Thus, disturbance-
free local serial communication with the PC is
also available.
The use of a PC simplifies the communication
with REL 531 to a great extent, and gives the
user additionai functionality which is not available
in the MMI module:
-up to 150 time-tagg ed events are available for
each of 'he last ten recorded disturbances
-disturbance records can be collected by a per-
sonal cqmputer and corresponding software.
.I
Options I
The REL 531 line protection terminal is easily
adaptable to the requirements for the protection
of any transmission power line, thanks to its mod-
ular design and multiprocessor-based configura-
tion. This way, the additional hardware modules
and/or additionai software functions, can be
added to the basic version.
Input/Output units
As option, up to three input/output modules, each
of them consisting of 16 binary inputs or 24 relay
contacts or 8 binary inputs and 12 relay output
contacts are available.
Binary inputs are freely programmable as the
input logical signals to any of the built-in func-
tions, including the disturbance recording and
event recording facilities.
This enables the extensive monitoring and evalu-
ation of operation for the terminal itself as weil as
that of all associated external circuits.
More than 300 internai signals are available for
signalling purposes and all of them are freely pro-
grammable tp operate any of the additional out-
put relays.
Remote serial communication
One or twö serial communication modules
intended for remote communication purposes,
make it possible for the REL 531 terminal to be
included at the same time both in the SCS and
SMS or in only one of them. The modules are
optional and ~hey are located on the back plane
of REL 531. I
Plastic optical fibres up to the single length of 30
meters, and Qlass fibres up to the single length of
500 meters can be used as a communication
media. i
Technical data
ABB Network Partner
 ABB Network Partner

Table 10: Event recording

Function -I Value
Time tagging resolution i 11 ms
Event buffering capacity
Max. number of events/disturbance report 150
II
Max. number of distulrbance reports 10
Time tagging error with s~{nchronization once/1 s :I: 1,5 ms
Time tagging error with synchronization once/10s :I: 1,5 ms
Time tagging error with synchronization once/60s
(minute pulse synchronization) :t 1,5 ms
Time tagging error without synchronization :t 3 ms/min

Table 11: Remote serial communication (SPA)

Function- ~ ~ ---
Protocol -

Communication speed
Slava number
Remote change of active group allowed
Remote changed of settings allowed
Connectors and optical fibres

-~
-
 ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Line distance protection terminal Page 12

Table 16: Phase selection

Function ---

Impedance setting range at Ir = 1A ")

reactive reach
positive sequence reactance X1 (0,1-150) Q in steps of q,01 Q
zero sequence reactance XO (0,1-1200) Q in steps of10,01 Q
resistive reach
for phase-phase faults AF
for phase-earth faults AFN
Static accuracy at 00 and sso--
voltage range (0,1-1,1) x Ur
current range (0,5-30) X Ir
Static angular accuracy at 00 and 850
voltage range (0,1-1,1) x Ur
current range (0,2-30) X Ir
*) Divide specified values by 5 for I. = 5 A

I
J~
 --
ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Line distanl=e protection terminal Page 13

Table 17: Power swing detection element

-~
Functlon Setting -range
reactive reach at Ir = 1A (0,1-150).Q rn-steps oTö,01
resistive reach (0,1-150).Q in steps of 0,01 r
impedance transition time 40 ms
Static accuracy at 00 and 850 voltage range (0,1-1,1) x Ur
current range (0,5-30) x Ir
Static angular accuracy at 00 and 850
--voltage range (0,1-1,1) X Ur
current range (0,2-30) X Ir
*) Divide specifj'9d values by 5 for Ir = 5A- -

Table 18: Switch anta fault function

Function Setting range
Impedance setting range at Ir = 1A -I
reactive reach:
positive seq!Jence reactance X1 (0,1-150) Q in steps of 0,01 rl
zero sequence reactance XO (0,1-1200).0. in steps of 0,01 p
resistive rea(:h:
positive seqllence resistance R1 (0,1-150) Q in steps of 0,01 q
zero sequeru:e resistance RO (0,1-1200) Q in steps of 0,01 41
fault resistance:
for phase-phase faults RF v,1-150) Q in steps of 0,01 Q
for phase-earth faults RFN (0,1-150) Q in steps of 0,01 Q
Automatic check of open breaker
condition .
voltagecheck"' (20-80)% of Ur/...J3 in steps of 1%
current chec~: <10% of Ir
Minimum duration for open breaker
condition 200 ms
---~ --
Static accuracy alt 00 and 850 -'
(impedance measurement) I
voltage range (0,5-30)
current range (0,1-1,1)xUr
x Ir :'

Static angular accuracy at 00 and 850

(impedance measurement)
voltage range (0,1-1,1) x Ur
current range (0,2-30) x Ir I
*) Divide specified values by 5 for Ir = 5A i
**) Voltage check function and corresponding setting is common for the Jollowing functions:
-weak-end infeed trip and echo I
-automatic sv.'itch-onto-fault logi c "
-loss of voltage within the power system supervision function
-undervoltage protection
',
I

I~
ABB Network Partner 1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Page 14

Table 20: Stub protection

Function --I Setting range -
I
Operating current I> (20-300)% of Ir I
*) Current check function and corresponding setting is common for the following functions:
-stub protection !
-overload protection I

Table 21: Overload protectlon

Functlon Setting range
Operating current I> (20-300)% of Ir in steps of 1%
Time delay (0-60) s in steps of 1 s

*) Current check function ,and corresponding setting is common for the following functions:
-stub protection I
-overload protection

Table 22: Broken conductor protection

Function Setting range
Broken conductor
min. phase current tbc 10% of 'r
min. unsymmetry 20% of max. phase current
time delay (O-50)s in step of 1 s

Table 23: Loss of voltage protection

Function Setting range

Operating voltage U< (20-80)% of Uri 3 in steps of 1% I
Time delay 7 s
*) Voltage check function and corresponding setting is common for the following nctions:
-weak-end infeed trip and echo
-automatic switch-onto-fault logic
-loss of voltage function
-undervoltage protection
 1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Page 15

Table 27: Undervoltage protection

Function Setting range \

Operating voltage U< (20-80)% of UrI 3 in steps of %
Time delay (0-5) s in steps of 0,1 s I -

") Voltage check flJnction and corresponding setting is common for the fpllowing functions:
-automatic s"'itch-onto-fault logic I
-loss of voltage function
-undervoltage protection
-weak-end inf,eed echo and trip
 -
1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Page 16

Table 29: Autoreclosing -Single- and/or three-phase

Function Setting range
Number of autoreclosing shots 1-4
Number of autoreclosing programs 8 ---

Auto-reclosing open time:

1-phase shot 1-t1s (0,2-5,0) s in steps of 0,01 s
3-phase shot 1-t1 (0,2-60) s in steps of 0,01 s
3-phase shot 2-t2 (1,0-300) s in steps of 1 s
3-phase shot 3-t3 (1,0-300) s in steps of 1 s
3-phase shot 4-t4 (1,0-300) s in steps of 1 s~
Reclaim time-tReclaim (10-300) s in steps
~r
of 1 s
Inhibit reclosing, reset time -tlnhibit (5-30) s in steps nr 1 sJ
Duration of reclosing pul:se-tPulse (0,1-1,0) s in steps of 0,01 s
SC/DL time Iimit-tSync (0,5-5,0) s in steps of 0,1 s
Breaker closed before start-tCB 5s -

Resetting of "AR Started" alter

reclosing-tTrip (0,2-1,0) s in steps of 0,1 s
Wait for Master release-tWait (30-300) s In steps of 1 s
.I ' I
~ -

Table 30: Synchro-check and energizing check function

Function Setting range -

Synchro-check
frequency difference limit, (50-300) mHz in steps of 10 mHz
FreqDiff
voltage difference limit, UDiff (5-50)% of Url.J3 in steps of 1%
phase difference limit, PhaseDiff (5-75)0 in steps of 10
Energizing --

voltage level high, UHigh (70-100)% of Url.J3ln steps of 1%

voltage levellow, ULow (10-80)% of Url.J3 in steps of 1%
energizing time (0-1) s in steps of 0,01 s
Operating time I Value
For synchro-check functiorl typical 190 ms
For energizing check function typical 80 ms
~ --

~
~
 --
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Page 17

~
ABB Network Partner
Line protection terminal with full scheme distance
protection as a main protection function, and a
directional or non-dire!ctional earth fault overcur-
rent protection function as an optional comple-
ment. The fault location function, included as an
option, should have an accuracy higher than 2%,
and sh ou Id not depenld on fault resistance, load
current, nor supply 01:a fault from the different
sources. The design ~;hould be microprocessor-
based with at least one microprocessor for each
basic protection function.
Remote communicatic,n with the line protection
terminal should be possible from two different
locations and independent on one another.
A distance protection function should contain
three independent imp'edance measuring zones
with quadrilateral characteristics and indepen-
dent settings of the real:h in reactive and resistive
direction, separate ly for phase-to-earth and for
multi-phase faults. The directionality of all zones,
independent one another, should be programma-
ble. An earth return compensation should be set-
table independently for each impedance zone.
The line protection tl~rminal should also be
appropriate for the protE~tion of lines within com-
plex network configurations. The full scheme
design must assure reliable operation for simulta-
neous and intersystem faults on multi-circuit lines
as weil as for the differe,nt evolving faults.
The minimum operating time of a protection must
not be more than 10 iriS. The operating time of
distance protection ZOnE~1, must not exceed one
cycle and the maximuITI operating time must be
given in isochronical diagrams measured for the
protection terminal connected to capacitive vol-
tage transformers. The <:haracteristic of distance
zone 1 in reactive direction must be compensa-
ted for a load current. Th,e memory voltage for the
proper directional discrimination at close-in three-
phase faults should bE~ based on a positive
sequence voltage.
It must be possible to select between the directio-
nal and non-directional version, when choosing
the earth fault overcurrent protection function. Its
operation should be based on a measurement of
the zero-sequence quantities on the protected
line. Time delay should be selectable between
independent and all standardized dependent
time characteristics.
A wide range of permissive tripping and blocking
scheme communication logics should be availa-
ble for the distance protection as weil as for the
directional earth fault overcurrent protection func-
tion. The distance protection scheme must have
logic for phase-segregated communication for
single pole tripping argO in cage of simultaneous
fault on double circuit lines. Scheme communica-
tion logics should be independent for both protec-
tio n schemes with independent communication
facilities. Standard logics such as current rever-
sal, weak end infeed echo and trip should be pro-
vided for both protection functions. Logics
operating without separate reverse directed mea-
suring elements are not acceptable.
Local man machine communication should be
based on a user-friendly, menu-structured pro-
gram, and performed by the use of a permanently
installed man mac~ine interface unit, type tested
together with a line protection terminal.
The pre-fault and fault values of currents and vol-
tages must be available for fault analyzing purpo-
ses. Remote communication sh ou Id be possible
via a local fibre optical network and the standard
CCITT telephone network. Corresponding com-
puter programs must be available. The remote
setting of the different setting parameters with in
at least four groups of setting parameters must
be possible.
The monitoring and controlling of all input and
output logical signals as weil as tripping signals
must be possible both locally and remotely. Con-
tinuous self supervision function with self diag-
nostic possibilities ,must be included in a line
protection terminal.
 REL 531 * 1,0
1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Line distanc:e protection terminal Page 19

Ordering
The basic version of REL 531 is a phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth line distance protection terminal with
three impedance measuring zones and complementary high-speed zones for carrier send and independent
trip. Scheme cornmunication logic including logic for current reversal, weak end infeed and single-phase trip-
ping is included. Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection, event recorder, one binary input module and one
binary output module are also included in the basic version.

Ordering Number: 1 MAK 000 750-AA Quantity: I I

Basic data:
Frequency, fr 50/60 Hz
Ac voltage, Ur 100/110/115/120 V
Dc voltage, EL 48/60/110/125/220/250 V

Basic data and ()ption to specify:

Rated current. Ir D1A OSA

Interface dc voltage, AL
[J 24/30 V D 48/60 V D 11d/125V D 220/250 V
Basic/Option: 1MAK 000 508-DA 1MRK 000 508-AA 1MRK'OOO
I
508-8A 1 MAK 000 508-CA
Option: 11\-1AK
000 173-GA 1MRK 000 173-AB 1MRKIOOO 173-88 1MAK 000 173-CB

Options:
Additionalln/out modules (totally 3 modules can be selected):
Binary input modLlles,each with 16 binary inputs.
Specify dc voltage AL above. Quantity: I I 1 MAK 000 508-

Binary in/out modules, each with 8 binary inputs and

12 single output reilays. Specify dc voltage RL above. Ouantity: I I 1MRK 000173-

Binary output modules. each with 24 single output

relays or 12 command output relays Quanti~: I I 1MRK 000 614-AA

Optional impedance measuring zone D 1MAK 000 753-VA

Functions for applil:ation on series compensated network D 1 MAK 000 753-M
Scheme communic:ationlogic for phase segregated communication D 1 MAK 000 753-UA
Automatic switch o:ntofault logic D 1 MAK 000 753-BA
Fuse failure super'Jision (Zero sequence quantities) D 1MAK 000 753-CA
Power swing detecltion D 1 MAK 000 753-DA
Autoreclosing, single- and/or three-phase D 1 MAK 000 753-EA
Synchrocheck and energizing check D 1 MAK 000 753-FA
Breaker failure protection D 1 MAK 000 753-GA
Earth fault overcurrent protection (only one alternative can be selected)
Non-directional D 1 MRK 000 753-HA
Directional ,comparison D 1 MRK 000 753-KA
Under/overvoltage protection D 1 MRK 000 753-LA
System supervision function + stub protection D 1MRK 000 753-MA
Fault locator D 1 MRK 000 753-NA
Disturbance recorder D 1 MRK 000 753-PA
Increased measuring accuracy for U, I, P and Q (factory calibration) D 1MRK 000 753-XA
Command function (16 signals) D 1MRK 000 753-RA
ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0 1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Line distance protection terminal Page 20

Remote communication (SMSISCS):

Transmitter Receiver
Port SPA Plastic Plastic D 1MRKOOO 168-FA
Glass Glass D 1MRK 000 168-HA
Port LON Plastic Plastic D 1MRKOOO168-EA
'Glass Glass D 1MRK 000 168-DA

COMBITEST test switch module RTXP 24 mounted with

the terminal in RHGS6 Ciasewith window door o 1MRK 000 371-CA
O Internai earthing O External earthing
On/Off switch for the dc-supply D RK795 017-AA

Mounting details with IP40 degree of protection from the front:

19" rack D 1MRK 000 020-BR
Wall mounting D 1MRK 000 020-DA
Flush mounting (lP 40) D 1MRK 000 020-Y
additionai for IP5l~(protection terminal on ly) D 1MKC 980 001-2
No mounting details D

Accessories:
User's Guide for REL 531 Quantity: 1 MRK 506 004-UEN
Front connection cable for PC (Opto/9-pol D-sub) Quantity: 1MKC 950 001-1
SMS-BASE Basic program for SMS and PC front connection Quantity: RS 881 007-M
SM/REL 531 SMS Program module for REL 531 Quantity: 1MRK 000 314-GA
RECOM Disturbance collection program, version 1.3 Quantity: 1 MRK 000 077-0B
REVAL Disturbance evaluation program, English version Quantity: 1 MRK 000 078-AA
CAP 531 -Graphical confi!~uration tool Quantity: 1 MRK 000 876-KA
(SMS-BASE and SM/REL :531 is required)
CAP/REL 531, CAP program modul e for REL 531 Quantity: I I 1 MAK 000 876-GA
Default configuration diske11e for REL 531 Quantity: I I 1MAK 001 476-AA

For our reference and statistics we would be pleased if we are provided with the following application data:

Country: End user:

Station name: Voltage level: kV

References Series REx 500

Mechanical design and mounting accessories 1MAK 514 003~BEN
User's Guide REL 531 1 MAK 506 004-\UEN
Reference List REL 531 1 MAK 506 OO~AEN
,

SMS 010 1 MAK 511 014J,BEN

CAP 531 1 MAK 511 03~BEN