RENEWABLE ENERGY

/ GREEN POWER

SUBMITTED BY
18104C2053 ASHISH KAMAT
18104C2052 NISHANTH SUBRAMANI
18104C2058 TRISHA DIXIT
18104C2049 KRISHNA MHATRE
18104C2047 AKASH KHANDARE
18103B2009 AADITYA JADHAV
OVERVIEW ABOUT PRESENTATION
 What is Green Power?
 Why Green Power?
 Kinds of Green Power
 Hydro
 Wind
 Biomass
 Solar
 Geothermal
 Conclusion
WHAT IS GREEN POWER?

 “Green” Power: any energy source with a

negligible impact on greenhouse gas
emissions.

 Includes: hydro, wind, biomass,

geothermal, & solar
WHY GREEN POWER?
 Inthe 1970s & 1980s the interest in green
power was driven by the goal of replacing
fossil fuels after the first oil shock in the
mid 1970s

 Now,
the broader goal includes
minimizing the emission of CO2.
WHY GREEN POWER?

There are considerable external costs for electricity from fossil fuels that
someday must be taken into account as concerns about global warming
become real.
 While contributions from renewable energy is small,
with the exception of hydro, their market penetration is growing at a
much faster rate than from conventional sources.
WHY GREEN POWER?
 Competition: green option as a means of
differentiating their service & winning customer
loyalty.
 More than 190 electric utilities offer green power
in the U.S.
 50% of consumers
surveyed are willing
to pay an extra $15
per month to receive
green electricity.
HYDRO
 Most mature renewable source of electricity
around the world.
 700,000 MW contributes 21% of electricity worldwide (year 2000)

 Negetive:
 Limited exploitable sites
 Potential damage to environment – Indiginous people
of developing countries.
HYDRO
 Types
 Impoundment
 Allows operators to stabilize power with fluctuating water
levels.
 Reduce flooding
 River – flow.
 Relies on river flowing water to keep producing electricity.
HYDRO
 Impoundment type
 Water turns turbines at bottom of the penstock (powerhouse)
 Turbine attached to series of gears which increase the speed of
rotation.
 When there is too much water, the spillway allows extra water to
bypass the penstock.
WIND
 Second most popular source of green power.
 17,500 MW worldwide (70% of which was in Europe)
in 2000
 However, in 2001 1,695 MW was added in the U.S.
making it the second largest concentration of wind
power in the world.
WIND
 HAWT : Horizontalaxis wind turbine
 Axis about which blades rotate is horizontal
 Higher height for greater wind speeds
 All commercially available wind turbine generators.
 Utilityscale
 Utilityscale typically have greater requirements
 Solid towers, concrete pads, built onsite.

 Individualscale
 VAWT : Verticalaxis wind turbine
 Axis about which blades rotate is vertical
 Must be mounted closer to the ground
BIOMASS
 Developed from organic materials, a renewable
and sustainable source of energy used to create
electricity or other forms of power.
 SOME examples of materials that make up
biomass fuels are:
• scrap lumber
• forest debris
• certain crops
• manure
• some types of waste residues.
SOLAR THERMAL
 Concentrating sunlight and trapping its’ heat to
produce steam
 3 types:
 Central receiver
 2,000 suntracking heliostats to single collection vessel
 Molten salt flowing through the receiver and transferred to

a hot salt storage tank, then steam generator when needed.

 Trough based
 Mirrors are parabolic

 Tracks the sun on one axis due to

linear focus
 Lower concentration factor

 Lower cost potential

 Dish based
 Point focused – 2 axis tracking
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
 800 MW worldwide capacity
 Fundamental unit: cell
 Material: semiconductor material
 Gallium arsenide
 Crystalline silicon
 Amorphous silicon
 Available current is a function of cell area & light
intensity.
 Formed into modules (series & parallel configs)
to obtain greater voltage & current.
GEOTHERMAL
 Heat at the core of the earth exploited to produce
electricity through steam.
 7,974 MW generated worldwide (1999)
 Capital intensive:
enough steam supply
wells have to be drilled
upfront to provide the
full plant capacity at
startup.
CONCLUSION

As the concerns about the availability &

environmental impacts of fossil fuels become
more wide spread, the interest on
environmentally benign renewable energy
technologies will surely take center stage among
engineers & policymakers.
Questions?