Password Protects Circuit Breaker

PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
INDEX
CONTENTS PAGE NO
Chapter 1 Introduction 4
Chapter 2 Literature Survey 6
3.1 Block diagram 8

Chapter 3
3.2 Description of Block diagram 10
4.1 Circuit Diagram 11
4.2 Description of Circuit 13

Chapter 4
4.3 Principle 13
4.4 Working 13
Chapter 5 5.1 List of Components 14
5.2 Component Description 16
Chapter 6 Programming And Coding 21
Chapter 7 Cost of Project 30
Chapter 8 Advantages and Disadvantages 32
Chapter 9 Application 34
Conclusion 36
Future Expansion 38
Referrence 39
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 1

LIST OF FIGURES
SR. NO. NAME OF FIGURES FIG. NO. PAGE NO.
1 Block Diagram 3.1 9
2 Circuit Diagram 4.1 12
3 Relay 5.2.1 16
4 Capacitor 5.2.2 16
5 Arduino Mega 5.2.3 17
6 Cristal Oscillator 5.2.4 17
7 Voltage Regulator 5.2.5 18
8 Transformer 5.2.6 18
9 LCD Display 5.2.7 19
10 Resistor 5.2.8 19
11 Diode 5.2.9 19
12 Hexadecimal Keypad 5.2.10 20
LIST OF TABLES
SR.NO. NAME OF TABLE TABLE NO. PAGE NO.
01 List of Components 5.1 15

02 Cost of Project 7.1 31

ABSTRACT
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker
can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually
we see fatal electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the
lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the electric substation staff.
In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so designed such that only authorized person can
operate it with a password. Here, there is also a provision of changing the password. The system is fully
controlled by the 2560 microcontroller of family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to
the microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on
to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to open or close circuit
breaker, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breker (by entering the wrong
password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp.

CHAPTER NO:1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, electrical accidents to the line man are increasing, while repairing the electrical lines due to
the lack of communication between the electrical substation and maintenance staff. This project gives a
solution to this problem to ensure line man safety. In this proposed system the control (ON/OFF) of the
electrical lines lies with line man. This project is arranged in such a way that maintenance staff or line
man has to enter the password to ON/OFF the electrical line. Now if there is any fault in electrical line
then line man will switch off the power supply to the line by entering password and comfortably repair
the electrical line, and after coming to the substation line man switch on the supply to the particular line
by entering the password. The password based circuit is to ensure the security purpose. To block
unauthorized entry.
Security is the prime concern in our day to day life. Everyone needs to be secure as much as possible.
The electric line man safety system is designed to control a circuit breaker by using a password for the
safety of electric man. Critical electrical accidents to line men are on the rise during electric line repair
due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and electric substation
staff. This proposed system provides a solution that ensures safety of maintenance staff, i.e., line man.
The control to turn on or off the line will be maintained by the line man only because this system has an
arrangement such that a password is required to operate the circuit breaker (on/off). The system is fully
controlled by a microcontroller from AVR family. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller
to enter the password. The entered password is compared with the password generated. If the password
entered is correct, only then the line can be turned ON/OFF. To repair a particular section of the electric
supply line, the lineman wants to turn off the supply to that line. A request to the system. Then the
system responds to him using the LCD display to enter the password. Then the system generates a
password and it will be send to the phone (the no of which is stored in the program).The password based
circuit breaker can also be implemented in automatic door locking system for providing high security.
And also can be implemented to control electronic appliancesto save the power.
Fig. Actual Picture of Project

CHAPTER NO:2
LITERATURE SURVEY

LITERATURE SURVEY
Electric lineman protection using user changeable password based circuit breaker: A circuit breaker is
an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused
by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal electrical
accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the lack of communication
and coordination between the maintenance staff and the electric substation staff. In order to avoid such
accidents, the breaker can be so designed such that only authorized person can operate it with a
password. Here, there is also a provision of changing the password. The system is fully controlled by
the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051 family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the
microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to
the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker,
which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password)
an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp.
Password based circuit breaker: A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to
detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be
replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
When operated manually we see fatal electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the
electric line repair due to the lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff
and the electric substation staff. In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so designed such
that only authorized person can operate it with a password. Here, there is also a provision of changing
the password. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 16f877A family. The
password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and the password can be changed
any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the
password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt
to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by another
lamp. Index terms: Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors, Voltage regulator, Rectifier,
Microcontroller, EEPROM, Relay, Relay Driver.

CHAPTER NO:3
BlOCK DIAGRAM WITH DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 3.1 : Block Diagram

3.2 DESCRIPTION :-
3.2.1 Transformer:- Transformer converts AC supply from one voltage to another with little loss of
power. Transformers work only with AC. In this Project we use step down Transformer of 230/24v AC.
3.2.2 Rectifier:- A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), current that flows in only one direction, a process
known as rectification.
3.2.3 Voltage Regulator:- 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of
fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not
give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value.
The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated
power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon
the respective voltage levels.
3.2.4 Arduino Mega:- The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54
digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega
2560 board is compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the former boards Duemilanove or
Diecimila.
3.2.5 Relay Driver:- A Relay driver IC is an electro-magnetic switch that will be used whenever we
want to use a low voltage circuit to switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to 220V mains
supply. The required current to run the relay coil is more than can be supplied by various integrated
circuits like OpAmp, etc. Relays have unique properties and are replaced with solid state switches that
are strong than solid-state devices. High current capacities, capability to stand ESD and drive circuit
isolation are the unique properties of Relays.
3.2.6 Relay:- A relay isan electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solidstate relays.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical
isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the
signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively
in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

CHAPTER NO:4
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH
DESCRIPTION

4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram

4.2 DESCRIPTION :-
4.2.1 Power Supply :- The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a stepdown
transformer from 230Vto 12V and 4 diodes forming a bridge rectifier that delivers pulsating dc which is
then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470µF to 1000µF. The filtered dc being unregulated,
IC LM7805 is used to get 5V DC constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input DC varying from 7V to
15V.
The regulated 5V DC is further filtered by a small electrolytic capacitor of 10µF for any noise so
generated by the circuit. One LED is connected of this 5V point in series with a current limiting resistor
of 330Ω to the ground i.e., negative voltage to indicate 5V power supply availability. The unregulated
12V point is used for other applications as and when required.
4.2.2 Arduino Mega :- The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has
54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega
2560 board is compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the former boards Duemilanove or
Diecimila.
4.3 PRINCIPLE:-
The main component in the circuit is Arduino Mega 2560. In this project 4×3 keypad is used to enter
the password. The password which is entered is compared with the predefined password. If entered
password is correct then the corresponding electrical line is turned ON or OFF. In this project a separate
password is provided to each electrical line. Activation and deactivation of the line (circuit breaker) is
indicated by the load.
4.4 WORKING:-
For the operation of circuit breaker through a password, program is written in keil software and created
into a .hex file that is further burnt into the controller with the help of flash magic. Connections are
given as per the circuit diagram. While giving the connections, it should be made sure that there is no
common connection between AC and DC supplies. 5V power supply circuit is to be used to provide
regulated 5V DC to the controller. Now both the AC and DC supplies are switched on. Relay output
pins gets 230V, so they should not be touched. LCD displays “enter password”. Enter the password with
the help of keypad, you can see ‘*’ for each digit. Now if the password is correct then the circuit breaker
state changes and displays status line on the LCD screen. If the password is wrong then it displays
“access denied”. Since this is a user changeable one, to change the password click on ‘*’, ‘#’. It will
display ‘enter password’. Here the circuit is provided with a master code that is used to access the
circuit by anyone. For changing the password, this master code is to be entered. Then after entering the
master code, LCD displays, ‘new password’. Now any password of will can be entered. After that it
displays ‘confirm password’ i.e., the new entered password is going to be stored and the person
can change the status of circuit breaker only by this new password.

CHAPTER NO:5
LIST OF COMPONENTS

5.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS:-
SR.NO. COMPONENTS RATINGS UNITS
1 Relay 10amp, 24v 4

1000µF 5
2 Capacitor
10µF 2
3 Arduino Mega - 1
4 Cristal Oscillator 3.3MHz 2
5 Voltage Regulator 24v 1
6 Transformer 230/24v 1
7 LCD Display - 1
8 Resistor 10kΩ 5% 10
9 Hexadecimal Keypad - 1
10 Led 2v 5
11 Bulb 100w, 220v 4
12 Diode D4007 10
Table no 5.1: List of Components

5.2 COMPONENT DISCRIPTION:-
5.2.1 Relay:-
Fig 5.2.1: Relay
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays control
one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a
relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized. When a
relay contact is Normally Closed (NC), there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. In
either case, applying electrical current to the contacts will change their state.
5.2.2 Capacitor:-
Fig 5.2.2 Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric
field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance exists between any two
electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to add capacitance to
a circuit.

5.2.3 Arduino Mega:-
Fig 5.2.3 Arduino Mega
Arduino Mega 2560 is a Microcontroller board based on Atmega2560. It comes with more memory
space and I/O pins as compared to other boards available in the market.There are 54 digital I/O pins and
16 analog pins incorporated on the board that make this device unique and stand out from others. Out of
54 digital I/O, 15 are used for PWM (pulse width modulation). A crystal oscillator of 16MHz frequency
is added on the board. This board comes with USB cable port that is used to connect and transfer code
from computer to the board. DC power jack is coupled with the board that is used to power the board.
Some version of Arduino board lacks this feature like Arduino Pro Mini doesn’t come with DC power
jack. ICSP header is a remarkable addition to Arduino Mega which is used for programming the Arduino
and uploading the code from the computer.
5.2.4 Cristal Oscillator:-
Fig 5.2.4 Cristal Oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit which is used for the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material. It will create an electrical signal with a given frequency. This
frequency is commonly used to keep track of time.

5.2.5 Voltage Regulator:-
Fig 5.2.5 Voltage Regulator
A voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage level. When a steady, reliable voltage is needed,
then voltage regulator is the preferred device. It generates a fixed output voltage that remains constant
for any changes in an input voltage or load conditions. It acts as a buffer for protecting components
from damages.
5.2.6 Transformer:-
Fig 5.2.6 Transformer
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits.
A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn,
induces a varying electromotive force across a second coil wound around the same core. Electrical
energy can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two circuits.

5.2.7 LCD Display:-
Fig 5.2.7 LCD Display
We come across LCD displays everywhere around us. Computers, calculators, television sets, mobile
phones, digital watches use some kind of display to display the time. An LCD is an electronic display
module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image. The LCD display is a very basic module
commonly used in DIYs and circuits. The 16×2 translates o a display 16 characters per line in 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in a 5×7 pixel matrix.
5.2.8 Resistor:-
Fig 5.2.8 Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a

circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,among other uses.
5.2.9 Diode:-
Fig 5.2.9 Diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction
(asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally
infinite) resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two
electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from cathode
to plate. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor
material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. Semiconductor diodes were the first
semiconductor electronic devices.

5.2.10 Hexadecimal Matrix Keypad:-
Fig 5.2.10 Hexadecimal Matrix Keypad
This 4x4 matrix keypad has 16 built-in pushbutton contacts connected to row and column lines. A
microcontroller can scan these lines for a button-pressed state. In the keypad library, the Propeller sets
all the column lines to input, and all the row lines to input. Then, it picks a row and sets it high. After
that, it checks the column lines one at a time. If the column connection stays low, the button on the row
has not been pressed. If it goes high, the microcontroller knows which row (the one it set high), and
which column, (the one that was detected high when checked). See the schematic in the "Circuit"
section, above, for a visual reference of the keypad layout.

CHAPTER NO:6
PROGRAMMING AND CODING

6.1 PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER CODE:-

# include <LiquidCrystal.h>
# include <EEPROM.h>
#define add1 10
#define add2 20
#define add3 30
#define add4 40
#define add5 50
#define addall 60
#define st1_add 8
#define st2_add 18
#define st3_add 28
#define st4_add 38
#define st5_add 48
const int buzz = 56;

const int cb5 = 57;
const int cb4 = 58;
const int cb3 = 59;
const int cb2 = 60;
const int cb1 = 61;
const int sw1 = 13;

const int sw2 = 12;
const int sw3 = 11;
const int sw4 = 10;
const int sw5 = 9;
const int adminsw = 8;
LiquidCrystal lcd(53, 51, 49, 47, 43, 45);

const int row1 = 35;
const int col1 = 27;
unsigned char pass_code[7] = "000000";

unsigned char temp_code[7] = "000000";
unsigned char key_temp = 0;
unsigned char pass1[7] = "";
unsigned char passall[7] = "";
unsigned int st1, st2, st3, st4, st5;
void setup() {
pinInit();
lcd.begin( 16, 2 );
lcd.clear();
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER PROJECT");
// readAllPass();
// readStatus();
}
void loop() {
lcd.clear(); lcd.print("PASSWORD BASED");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("CKT BREAKER");
while (digitalRead(sw1) == HIGH && digitalRead(sw2) == HIGH && digitalRead(sw3) == HIGH

&& digitalRead(sw4) == HIGH && digitalRead(sw5) == HIGH && digitalRead(adminsw) ==
HIGH);
if (digitalRead(sw1) == LOW) {
test(add1, '1', st1, st1_add, cb1);
}
}
}
}
}
if (digitalRead(adminsw) == LOW) {
lcd.clear(); lcd.print("ADMIN SW");
testall();
}
delay(2000);
}

6.2 ADMIN CODE:-

void testall() {
unsigned char pass[7] = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pass[i] = (char)EEPROM.read(addall + i);
}
Serial.print("\nadmin pass= "); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
Serial.print(pass[i]);
}
lcd.clear(); lcd.print("ADMIN CODE ?");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

adminCheck:
temp_code[i] = scan_keypad();
if (temp_code[i] == 11 || temp_code[i] == 12) {
goto adminCheck;
}
//lcd.print(temp_code[i]);
lcd.print('*');
}
if (temp_code[0] == pass[0] && temp_code[1] == pass[1] && temp_code[2] == pass[2]

&& temp_code[3] == pass[3] && temp_code[4] == pass[4] && temp_code[5] == pass[5]) {
lcd.clear(); lcd.println("pass ok");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("*=OFF #=ON");
adminChoiseAgain:
char adminChoise = scan_keypad();
if (adminChoise == 11) {
digitalWrite(cb1, LOW); digitalWrite(cb4, LOW);
digitalWrite(cb2, LOW); digitalWrite(cb5, LOW);
digitalWrite(cb3, LOW);
st1 = st2 = st3 = st4 = st5 = 0;
EEPROM.write(st1_add, st1);
return;
} else {
if (adminChoise == 12) {
digitalWrite(cb1, HIGH); digitalWrite(cb4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(cb2, HIGH); digitalWrite(cb5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(cb3, HIGH);
st1 = st2 = st3 = st4 = st5 = 1;

return;
} else {
digitalWrite(buzz, HIGH); delay(250);
digitalWrite(buzz, LOW);
goto adminChoiseAgain;
}
}
}
}
6.3 PASSWORD CODE:-

void readAllPass() {
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pass1[i] = (char)EEPROM.read(add1 + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
passall[i] = (char)EEPROM.read(addall + i);
}
Serial.print("\npass1 "); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

Serial.print(pass1[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
Serial.print("\npassall "); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
Serial.print(passall[i]);
}
Serial.println(' ');
}
void readStatus() {
st1 = EEPROM.read(st1_add);
if (st1 == 0) {
}
else {
if (st1 == 1) {
}
}
if (st2 == 0) {
}
else {
if (st2 == 1) {
}
}
if (st3 == 0) {
}
else {
if (st3 == 1) {
}
}
if (st4 == 0) {
}
else {
if (st4 == 1) {
}
}
if (st5 == 0) {
}
else {

if (st5 == 1) {
}
}
Serial.print("st1 "); Serial.println(st1);

}
6.4 KEYPAD CODE:-

int check_col1()
{
digitalWrite(row1, HIGH); digitalWrite(row2, HIGH); digitalWrite(row3, HIGH); digitalWrite(row4, HIGH);
delay(2);
digitalWrite(row1, LOW);
if (digitalRead(col1) == LOW) {
while (digitalRead(col1) == LOW);
delay(10);
key_temp = 1;
digitalWrite(row1, HIGH);
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 4;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 7;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 11;
}
}
}
}

int check_col2()
{
delay(2); digitalWrite(row1, LOW);
delay(10);
key_temp = 2;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 5;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 8;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
int check_col3()
{
delay(2); digitalWrite(row1, LOW);
delay(10);
key_temp = 3;
}
else {

delay(10);
key_temp = 6;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 9;
}
else {
delay(10);
key_temp = 12;
}
}
}
}
}
unsigned char scan_keypad()

{
digitalWrite(col1, HIGH);
while (digitalRead(col1) != LOW && digitalRead(col2) != LOW && digitalRead(col3) != LOW); delay(20);
check_col1();
}
else {
check_col2();
}
else {
check_col3();
}
}
}
digitalWrite(buzz, HIGH); delay(150);
digitalWrite(buzz, LOW);
return key_temp;
}

CHAPTER NO:7
COST OF PROJECT

7.1 COST OF PROJECT:-
COST OF TOTAL COST

SR.NO. COMPONENTS QUANTITY (RUPEES)
NO.(RUPEES)
1 Arduino Mega 2560 1 900 900
2 LCD Display 1 200 200
3 Matrix Keypad 1 500 500
4 Transformer 1 80 80
5 Relay 5 80 400
6 Voltage Regulator 1 10 10
7 Resistor 20 3 50
8 Capacitor 3 6 20
9 Diode 10 2 20
10 Led 10 2 20
11 Bulb 5 70 350
12 Miscellaneous items - 200 200
13 Total Hardwere - - 500
TOTAL 3250 ₨
Table no. 7.1 Cost of Project

CHAPTER NO:8
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
1) Avoid electrical accident to line man.

2) Project is Simple and Easy.
3) Used commonly available component.
4) Less Capital Cost.
5) Working is simple.
6) Easy to Repair and maintenance.
DISADVANTAGES
1) Harder and more costly to obtain high short circuit interrupting capacities.

CHAPTER NO:9
APPLICATION

APPLICATIONS
1) Used in electrical substations to ensure line man safety.

2) This system is used in buildings and houses.
3) Used in hotels and shopping malls to save the power.
4) Also used in protection system in Bank Loker.

CONClUSION AND FUTURE

EXPANSION

CONCLUSION:-
This system provides a solution, which can improve the safety of the project. It is designed to control a
circuit breaker with the help of a password. The maintenance staff e.g. Line man’s for control to turn
ON/OFF. The line works with the line man only this system is arrangement such that a password is
required to operate the circuit breaker (ON/OFF). Line man can turn off the supply and comfortably
repair it, and return to the substation, then turn on the line by entering the correct or same password. The
system fully controlled by a Arduino Mega 2560. If the password entered is correct, then the line can be
turned (ON/OFF). Security is prime concern in our day-to-day life. Everyone wants to be more secure
as to be possible. This system provides a new approach to a lineman security for their life. The circuit
can be used without any fail of a lineman. The circuit can be used without any load can also be
controlled when required.

FUTURE EXPANSION
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system so SCADA can also be
implemented to know where the fault occurs in the system directly and so a lineman can directly locate
the fault location and can rectify it. We can also use EEPROMS that can be interfaced to the system so
the circuit breaker can not only operate from the substation but also from distance through wireless
communication. The project can be interfaced with the GSM modem for the remote control of circuit
breaker via SMS.

REFERENCE

REFERENCES
BOOKS:-
• “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi,
Pearson Education.
• ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
• Electrical Engineering Fundemantals” by VINCENT DEL TORO.
WEBSITES:-
• www.atmel.com
• www.beyondlogic.org
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.howstuffworks.com
• www.alldatasheets.com

Password Protects Circuit Breaker

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Password Protects Circuit Breaker

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER

Chapter 2 Literature Survey 6

3.1 Block diagram 8

4.1 Circuit Diagram 11

4.2 Description of Circuit 13

Chapter 5 5.1 List of Components 14

5.2 Component Description 16

Chapter 6 Programming And Coding 21

Chapter 7 Cost of Project 30

Chapter 8 Advantages and Disadvantages 32

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 1

SR. NO. NAME OF FIGURES FIG. NO. PAGE NO.

1 Block Diagram 3.1 9

2 Circuit Diagram 4.1 12

5 Arduino Mega 5.2.3 17

6 Cristal Oscillator 5.2.4 17

7 Voltage Regulator 5.2.5 18

9 LCD Display 5.2.7 19

12 Hexadecimal Keypad 5.2.10 20

SR.NO. NAME OF TABLE TABLE NO. PAGE NO.

01 List of Components 5.1 15

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 2

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 3

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 4

Fig. Actual Picture of Project

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 5

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 6

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 7

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 8

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1 : Block Diagram

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 9

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 10

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 11

4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 12

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 13

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 14

5.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS:-

SR.NO. COMPONENTS RATINGS UNITS

1 Relay 10amp, 24v 4

Table no 5.1: List of Components

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 15

5.2 COMPONENT DISCRIPTION:-

Fig 5.2.1: Relay

Fig 5.2.2 Capacitor

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 16

5.2.3 Arduino Mega:-

Fig 5.2.3 Arduino Mega

5.2.4 Cristal Oscillator:-

Fig 5.2.4 Cristal Oscillator

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 17

5.2.5 Voltage Regulator:-

Fig 5.2.5 Voltage Regulator

Fig 5.2.6 Transformer

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 18

5.2.7 LCD Display:-

Fig 5.2.7 LCD Display

Fig 5.2.8 Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a

Fig 5.2.9 Diode

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Page 19