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This Learning Module on Handicraft (Needlecraft) course is designed for a
Grade 9 student to develop the basic competencies in needlecraft. It covers the
major needlecraft techniques, namely:
(1) Embroidery (special lesson on Calado and Smocking),
(2) Crocheting,
(3) Knitting, and
(4) Quilting.
Along with the knowledge and skills that the learners will obtain from
needlecrafts, a concept review of the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
(PECs) and Environment and Market is also included. This review aims to reinforce
the development of entrepreneurial qualities and characteristics as well as the
learner’spositive work habits.
After taking all the learning sessions from this module, it is expected that the
learners will be able toplan and create articles from needlecraft. In addition, learners
will also bepreparedto generate business ideas and identify opportunities and
evaluate these ideas according to the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and
even threats. These competencies will enable them not only to achieve personal
confidence and appreciation in the arts and their cultural importance but also to
becomeeconomically productive citizens of the society and country at large.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . 6
Learning Outcome 1 . . . . . . . 7
Assess Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Diagnostic Assessment . . . . . . . 19
Needlecraft: An Introduction . . . . . . 26
Project Planning . . . . . . . . 27
LESSON 1: EMBROIDERY . . . . . . 34
Overview
Pre-Assessment . . . . . . . 35
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 . . . . . . 37
Understand Embroidery as a Craft and Its Techniques
Lesson 1.1
Embroidery: A Brief Background . . . . 37
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 . . . . . . 44
Create Embroidered Articles
Lesson 1.2
Basic Embroidery Stitches . . . . . 44
Lesson 1.3
Special Kinds of Embroidery . . . . 59
Calado . . . . . . . 59
Smocking . . . . . . . 60
Cross stitch . . . . . . . 68
Let’s Do this . . . . . . . 75
LESSON 2: CORCHETING . . . . . . 83
Overview
Pre-Assessment . . . . . . . 84
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 . . . . . . 86
Understand Crocheting as a Technique
Lesson 2.1
Crochet . . . . . . . 86
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 . . . . . . 89
Make Crocheted Articles
Lesson 2.2
Crochet Terms and Abbreviations . . . . 89
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 106
Pre-Assessment . . . . . . . 109
Lesson 3.1
Knitting: Brief Background . . . . . 111
Lesson 3.2
Basic Steps in Knitting . . . . . 119
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 136
Pre-Assessment . . . . . . . 139
Lesson 4.1
Quilting: A Brief Introduction . . . . 141
Lesson 4.2
Parts of the Quilted Article . . . . . 147
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 160
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . 162
Glossary . . . . . . . . . 173
References . . . . . . . . . 175
In this course, varied and relevant activities and opportunities are provided to
demonstrate your understanding of concepts and core competencies. This will be
also provide venue for you to assess yourself and identify aspects of business that
you need to strengthen and safeguard before you become a part of the workforce.
Today, in the world of work, the number of available jobs is scarce and the
Department of Education is revitalizing its resources to lead the young minds and to
prepare them skillfully as future needlecraft expert. It is in honing the skills that
learners can be assured to have an edge of surviving the daily needs of oneself and
of others. It seeks to provide the learners with the knowledge, attitude and skills in
the field of Needlecraft.
This module is also crafted with a focus on the different activities that
will assess the skills and knowledge that learners are expected to demonstrate after
going through this learner’s materials. To evaluate students’ learning, assessment
instruments such as pre-test, posttest and other relevant activities and exercises in
each lesson are given. Read and answer the suggested tasks and accomplish them
to practice developing a sustainable program, prioritizing needs and building a
vision.
LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
ASSESS PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is comprehensively defined by Zimmerer& Scarborough (2005) as
someone who “creates a new business in the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of
achieving profit and growth by identifying significant opportunities and assembling the
necessary resources to capitalize on them” (p.3). They are the ones who act on their
business ideas.
Achievement Cluster
Opportunity seeking – Entrepreneurs have a good eye for spotting business
opportunities and acts on these opportunities appropriately.
Persistence - Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of obstacles. They will
take repeated or different actions to overcome the hurdles of business. This includes
making a personal sacrifice or extraordinary effort to complete a job.
Planning Cluster
Goal setting - Entrepreneur knows how to set specific, measurable, attainable,
realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals. It is easy for them to divide large goals into
short-term goals.
Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new information about
her customers, the market, suppliers, and competitors. This is rooted to their innate
sense of curiosity.
Systematic planning and monitoring - Entrepreneurs develop and use logical, step-
by-step plans to reach their goals. They monitor progress towards goals and to alter
strategies when necessary.
Power Cluster
Persuasion and networking - Entrepreneurs know how to use the right strategies to
influence or persuade other people. They have naturally established a network of
people who they can turn to in order to achieve their objectives.
Self-confidence - Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and their own
abilities. They have self-awareness and belief in their own ability to complete a
difficult task or meet a challenge.
LET’S DO THIS!
Assess your Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies by answering the items in the next
page.
Read each statement carefully and answer honestly based on how well it describes you. There are
five choices as follows: Please write the number you have selected on the
5 = Always
space before each statement. Some statements may be
4 = Usually
similar but no two are exactly alike. Please go through
3 = Sometimes
each statement and answer all the items.
2 = Rarely
1 = Never
Rating
_________ 33. I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am comfortable.
_________ 34. When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other things.
_________ 35. When I am doing a job for someone, I make a special effort to make sure that person
is happy with my work.
_________ 36. In the past, I have had failures.
_________ 37. I am never entirely happy with the way things are done; I always think there must be
a better way.
_________ 38. I do things that are risky.
_________ 39. I have a very clear plan for my life.
_________ 40. When working on a project for someone, I ask many questions to be sure I
understand what that person wants.
_________ 41. I deal with problems as they arise, rather than spend time trying to anticipate them.
_________ 42. In order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit.
_________ 43. I do very good work.
_________ 44. There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
_________ 45. I try things that are very new and different from what I have done before.
_________ 46. I try several ways to overcome things that get in the way of reaching my goals.
_________ 47. My family and personal life are more important to me than work deadlines I set for
myself.
_________ 48. I find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home.
_________ 49. I do things that others consider risky.
_________ 50. I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my yearly goals.
_________ 51. I go to several different sources to get information for tasks or projects.
_________ 52. If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of another approach.
_________ 53. I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to change their minds.
_________ 54. I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly with me.
_________ 55. When I don’t know something, I don’t mind admitting it.
Please proceed to the next section where you may determine your score. The
point system will indicate whether you manifest strong tendencies or weak inclinations
towards a particular behavior.
Please enter your ratings in the PECs scoring sheet. The number in parenthesis
corresponds to the questionnaire item number. Notice that the item numbers are listed
consecutively for each column. Perform the addition and subtraction as indicated in each
row to compute for each PEC.
+ + - + + 6 = Opportunity
(1) (12) (23) (34) (45) Seeking
+ + - + + 6 = Persistence
(2) (13) (24) (35) (46)
+ + + - + 6 = Commitment to
(3) (14) (25) (36) (47) work contract
+ + + - + 6 = Demand for Efficiency
(4) (15) (26) (37) (48) & Quality
- + + + + 6 = Risk taking
(5) (16) (27) (38) (49)
- + + + + 6 = Goal setting
(6) (17) (28) (39) (50)
+ - + + + 6 = Information seeking
(7) (18) (29) (40) (51)
+ + - + + 6 = Systematic planning
(8) (19) (30) (41) (52) & monitoring
- + + + + 6 = Persuasion &
(9) (20) (31) (42) (53) Networking
- + + + + 6 = Self-confidence
(10) (21) (32) (43) (54)
- - - + + 18 = Correction Factor
(11) (22) (33) (44) (55)
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction to
Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 43-44.
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction
to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 44-45.
Transfer the corrected PECs score to the profile sheet by marking an “X” at the
appropriate point on the horizontal line provided for each PEC category. After plotting your
PECs score, connect all the “Xs” with a heavy line.
Opportunity seeking
X
Persistence
X
Commitment to work contract
X
Demand for quality & efficiency
X
Risk taking
X
Goal setting
X
Information seeking
X
Systematic planning & monitoring
X
Persuasion & networking
X
Self-confidence
X
0 5 10 15 20 25
Interpretation
A lower score means a ‘weak’ performance and a higher score translates to a ‘strong’
performance on a particular competency. A ‘weak’ performance should be regarded as a
challenge or an opportunity for improvement rather than a cause for worry. Improving a
competency entails enough determination, correct practice and strategies, and time for
maturation.
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction
to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 45-46.
The business environment consists of both the tangible and intangible factors that
affect either the external or internal business operations. They may include the land area
available for economic zones, the physical layout and barriers such as rivers, parks or lakes,
and building obstructions as well as the transportation network; all of which are considered
tangible factors. They also include the demography of clients and suppliers, the competitors
in the locale/area and the available technology for production. The intangible factors, on the
other hand, include the sub-culture, industry trends, economic and government activity or the
political situations in the area.
Culture
Government
YOUR Sub-culture,
Regulations
BUSINESS Race, Emotional
Policies
environment
Economy
National Technology
International Trend
- Competitors Production
The key word to have in mind when scanning the physical environment is the visibility
of your intended store to the potential clients.
Demography. This pertains to the number of people living in the area, their age,
gender, socio-economic status, family size, religion and even growth trends. These are
invaluable information that can help entrepreneurs in matching their product to the target
market, in deciding for the marketing strategy, pricing and product packaging among others.
Culture. Culture or sub-culture, being the totality of the way of life, ideas and
customs of a set ofpeople or society, primarily influence the types of products that are
acceptable to a particular locality. For example, the influence of the Japanese culturegave
rise to minimalist designs. A sub-culture also shapes the ‘emotional’ environment of an
area. For instance, the feeling of ‘fear’ for a specific location may serve as a barrier for a
business; a place where one does not feel safe because of the prevalence of crime will
discourage entrepreneurs.
Government Regulations. The laws and policies of the national and local
government units also influence the business operations. Some examples of policies that
directly affect entrepreneurs are the imposition or removal of taxes for products, the
establishment of economic zones and assistance in product labeling and packaging of
products. In addition, improvement of facilities and roads improve transportation network
Idea Generation
The first step in identifying a good business opportunity is to look for many
opportunities. This is called the idea generation phase (SERDEF, 2007). The following are
good sources of business ideas (Histrich, Peters, & Shepard, 2008; Looser &Schlapfer,
2001).
Once you have generated a number of business opportunities and ideas, the next
step is to select and screen these. Though there can be many ways to do this, a good way to
proceed is to screen your ideas based on 1) your personality and personal preferences and
2) the characteristics of a good business (SERDEF, 2007). Consider the following criteria:
SWOT Analysis
Once you have chosen your business idea, the next step is to conduct a SWOT
analysis in order to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of
your potential business. This step will help you improve your business of choice and prepare
for challenges. The table will help you differentiate among these four features.
Positive Negative
Strengths Weaknesses
set of problems,
positive factors that
difficulties or
contribute to the
shortcomings
favorability of a
Controllable encountered by the
business opportunity
Factors business
Examples:
Examples:
Cheap raw materials
Inexperienced owner
Skilled employees
Lack of working
Ease of management
capital
Small capital outlay
Poor location
Opportunities Threats
positive factors that negative factors that
are not within the are beyond the
control of the business. control of the
business
Uncontrollable Examples:
Factors Absence of similar Examples:
products in the market Rising costs
New markets being Raw material
developed shortages
Growing demand for Too many
similar products competitors
Favorable
government policy
Remember to refer back to these guidelines and tools when you are ready to
think of your next business ideas!
I. Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your
answer sheet.
Column A
Column B
_____1. A decorative embroidery or
shirring design to control fullness A. calado
in garments by gathering the
fabric.
B. crochet
____2. It is a kind of needlework
consisting of the interlocking of
looped stitches formed with a C. knitting
single thread and a hooked
needle. It has been used in the
intricate process of lacemaking. D. quilting
2. A device used to keep the fabric heavy stretched while applying stitches on
the design.
4. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. It varies in
sizes and therefore should use the correct size suited to the article to be
produced.
7. These knitting needles are ideal for beginners and are the least expensive. It
is lighter and more flexible than metal designs.
8. A device used for the middle finger to prevent from being pierced by the
needle. It could be a metal, plastic or leather.
9. The material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
10. It is used for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.
EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Essay 1: What are the safety and precautionary measures that you should
observe when doing needlecraft projects? (5 points)
Essay 3: Think of a package for a quilted blanket that will satisfy the following
functions: (a) identify the product, (b) sell & showcase the design so consumers
can be persuaded to buy, (c) protect the product, and (d) utilize indigenous or
environment-friendly package. Describe your package in detail. (5 points)
The handicraft industry plays an important role in the economic growth of our
country especially now that many handicraft owners are exporting their products to
other countries. Through this, job opportunity is generated. Over the years,
Philippine handicrafts continuously sustain and promote our cultural heritage.
The other benefit of performing handicrafts includes helping reduce stress and
spends our leisure time wisely. It offers opportunity to express and enhance one’s
creativity which eventually leads to become a productive citizen of our country.
THE NEEDLECRAFT
There are various forms of handicrafts and one of these is needle craft.
Needlecraft uses needle for construction of products or articles. Others find it as a
hobby, but, it can be a lifetime profitable business. You may choose from the various
kinds of needlecraft such as crocheting, embroidering, quilting, and knitting.
The realization of this precautionary measures lies not only to the teacher but
most especially to the students. Therefore, let us continuously promote a safe and
desirable workplace while having fun and learning new things.
PROJECT PLANNING
Quality output is never an accident. It is always the result of good and high
intention with proper organization and planning. As defined, planning is the process
of thinking ahead the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It answers the
questions: (1) What to do? (2) When to do it? (3) Where to do it? (4) How to do it?
and (4) What is the expected output? (Feliciano R. Fajardo, Entrepreneurship,1994,
Capitol Publishing House, Inc.)
PROJECT PLAN
I. Name of Project:(State the name of your project in a manner that it would give
clear picture of your product/article. Be creative and catchy as you can but make
sure that it is appropriate to your product/article)
II. Purpose of the Project: (Write the objectives of the project in statement form.)
1.
2.
3.
IV. Bill of Materials: (This section provides the budgetary requirement needed to
create the product/article. See the sample content for reference.)
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
VI. Work Procedure (Write down the step by step procedure in making your
product/article. Make sure to arrange it in sequence)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation:(Leave this blank. Your teacher will be the one to give the
evaluation based on your performance. You will find in this section the assessment
of your teacher such as the weaknesses and strengths of your output.)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
IX. Remarks: (Leave this blank. Your teacher will be the one to give the remarks.
You will find in this section the things to be improved in your product based on the
evaluation)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Name of Project:
Total no.
Total Cost Per product Profit
of
Expenses Total sales (total sales less
Products
expenses)
1. Launder the smocked article whenever necessary using soap and water.
2. You may use hanger or hang them with two ends clipped on a clothesline.
3. Gently agitate the needlecraft item in the water. Never wring or just let the
water drip.
4. Crocheted articles with regular wool must be washed by hand in cold water or
it will felt and shrink.
HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 31
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
5. In drying, gently remove excess water and lay item flat on a dry, absorbent
towel and roll up in the towel, pressing firmly as you roll. Do not wring the
towel.
6. Place the item on the dry towel and reshape into its original shape. Pat it into
shape; avoid tugging or pulling.
7. Allow the needle craft articles to dry for 24 hours.
8. To prevent unwanted pests, items can be stored in closed plastic bags to
keep them clean and free of dust. Never store them with items that contain
zippers or buttons that can cause damage.
9. If you don’t know what type of yarn was used, it is safest to have the item dry-
cleaned.
10. For embroidered articles, check the fibers for colorfastness to prevent dyes
from running. To test, wet a piece of white cloth with cold water and gently rub
it over each different color in your piece. If there is any color transfer to the
white cloth or swab, don’t wash your piece at all. Washing will result in
discoloration and fading.
11. Use a liquid detergent that is gentle and free of dyes and perfumes. A liquid
detergent will disperse in the water and leave less residue on the fabric.
EMBROIDERY
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe embroidery;
2. Identify the tools and materials used;
3. Demonstrate the proper use of embroidery tools and materials;
4. Perform the techniques and stitches in embroidery, Calado and smocking.
5. Perform the basic stitches in embroidery;
6. Prepare project plan for the expected embroidered articles.
7. Create embroidered articles keeping in mind the techniques and art principles;
8. Select appropriate quality packaging material for embroidered articles; and
9. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of embroidered article and packaging
presentation
OVERVIEW
This lesson covers the learning competencies aiming to develop and enhance
the skill, knowledge and attitude of learners towards drafting project plans, making of
embroidered articles with package accompanied by project plan.
A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.
3. In choosing the thread for embroidery, the foremost consideration is the _______.
A. ability of the person to embroider C. purpose of the article
B. laundering procedure D. color of the Material
4. These fabrics are intended for hardanger embroidery since the number of threads
per square inch is the same for both warp and weft/woof.
A. Even-wave fabric C. Common weave
B. Basket weave D. Original weave
5. It is a process of transferring design on the cloth using the perforated pattern, soft
absorbent cloth and petroleum or kerosene.
A. Stamping C. Tracing
B. Ironing D. Laundering
6. A decorative embroidery or shirring design to control fullness in garments by
gathering the fabrics:
A. Calado C. Embroidery
B. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
7. It is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a
tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture.
A. Calado C. Embroidery
B. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
8. Calado is most appropriately embroidered for ________.
A. baby’s clothing C. aprons
B. undergarments D. Barong Tagalog
9. The simplest method of transferring design is ________.
A. ironing C. stamping
B. tracing D. printing
10. The success of an embroidered article depends largely on the _____ of the
stitches:
A. size C. tension
B. width D. length
Column A Column B
D. Identification
Directions: Identify the following embroidery stitches being describe. Write your
answer in your answer sheet
1. It is also called double running stitch that often used to outline blackwork
embroidery.
4. A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. It derives its
name from its resemblance to a rose bud.
5. Stitch considered especially useful for outlining or giving more weight to a single
stitch line. Usually two working yarns are used.
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the learning outcome, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
1. Describe embroidery;
2. Identify the tools and materials used;
3. Demonstrate the proper use of embroidery tools and materials; and
4. Perform the techniques and stitches in embroidery, Calado and smocking.
LESSON 1.1
In the Philippines, embroidery started during the Spanish regime. Aside from
reading, writing and doing household chores and crafts, they also taught young
women how to do simple embroidery like decorating linens with attractive designs
with the use of needle and thread. The finished product was usually used for priests’
vestments, altar tables, and clothes of statues and saints. Soon after, they applied
Do you know that Lumban, Laguna is known as the “Embroidery Capital of the
Philippines”? Lumban became known as the "Embroidery Capital of the Philippines"
because it is where fine Jusi and Piña cloth are embroidered by hand. The finished
productstypically worn by men are known as “Barong Tagalog” and while the women
use the “Saya” (Filipina). These products are available not only here in our country
but also exported in other foreign countries.
Many towns in the Philippines, women and even young girls help the family
increase its income doing embroidery for big companies. Among these towns are
Paraňaque, Rizal, Province, Taal, and Batangas.
The quality of an embroidered article does not only depend on the skills of the
maker but also in the kind of sewing tools and materials being used.The embroidery
tools should be orderly put in a sewing box or into an organizer.
A. Embroidery Tools
1. Embroidery needle is a short piece of steel with a fine point at one end and a
little opening or eye at the other. Needles are of three basic types namely: a)
crewel sizes; b) chenille sizes and; c) tapestry needles.
B. Embroidery Materials
1. Fabrics sometimes referred to as cloths, are of great variety, and they differ in
material, weight, weave, design, color and finish.
Types of Fabric:
Name: Date:
Guide questions:
1. How did you start your embroidery business?
2. Why did you choose embroidery products as main item of your business?
5. What is the greatest challenge you encountered and how did you deal with it?
6. What can you say or advise to those who wanted to take the venture of
entrepreneurship using embroidered articles/products as their main enterprise?
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the competencies, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
LESSON 1.2
1. RUNNING STITCH
One of the most basic stitches, and is usually the first stitch learned by the
beginner embroidery or sewing enthusiast. This stitch can be worked in straight or
curved lines, or for assembly when finishing an embroidery project. Variations of the
embroidery version of this stitch include the whipped running stitch, laced running
stitch, as well as a few dozen others. Running stitch is also the basic stitch used for
darning stitches, with the straight stitches arranged in patterned row.
This stitch most often used to outline a design. This stitch also forms the base
line for other embroidery stitches.
3. COUCHING
Stitch formed by two-crossing arms and may be used for outlining, as borders
or to fill an entire area.
5. TENT STITCH
It is also called as the “Continental Stitch”. One of the most often used in
basic needlepoint stitches. This is usually done on single thread canvass.
7. HOLBEIN STITCH
It is also called double running stitch often used to outline blackwork
embroidery. This stitch was first known as the “Italian Stitch”. It became known as
the “Holbein Stitch” after Hans Holbein the Younger, a 16th-century portrait painter
best known for his paintings of Henry VIII and his children, almost all of whom are
depicted wearing clothing decorated with blackwork embroidery.
These stitches are done in the same manner. Their difference lies in the
distance between stitches. Buttonhole stitches have less space between them as
compared to blanket stitches.
17. HEMSTITCH
Italian hemstitching is a kind of counted thread embroidery. It is a stitch used
to draw out parallel threads and stitch the exposed threads in groups to form various
designs. Hemstitching done along both sides of the drawn threads is also called
ladder hemstitch or double hemstitching.
A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. Its name
derives from the resemblance of a rose bud. It is worked from right to left between
double lines of a design area. In a row, rosette chain stitches are worked close
together.
Name: Date:
Direction: Answer the cross word puzzle using the hint for horizontal and vertical
direction.
7
1 6
2 8 4
Hint: Hint:
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
1. It is regarded as a member of satin stitch family 6. It is a solid filling stitch worked very close
ideal for making leaves or feather. ____stitch together.___stitch
2. It is wider form of back stitch ideal for decorative 7. It is a chain stitch popularly used for
borders. _____stitch making decorative borders. It derived its
3. It is a loose stitch designed to be invisible from name from its resemblance to a rose
the right side usually used for sewing bud.___chain stitch
hems.___stitch 8. It is also called as double running
4. An outline stitch often used for the stems in stitch.___stitch
floral designs. ___stitch
5. It also called the continental stitch. ___stitch
Name: Date:
Direction: Choose at least five embroidery stitches. Write each stitch inside the call
out. Then make a brief description or code that would help you to remember each
stitch. Example: Lazy Daisy Chain Stitch: Circle in shape. Flowers petal look alike.
CALADO
It is drawn work embroidery which the Philippines is noted for. Foreigners
used to buy and bring home our articles with Calado work because of the daintiness
of design and fineness of workmanship. Fine and even weave cloth is best suited for
this. To achieve good design, transfer your chosen design to the cloth by pricking
method.
The Philippines was already known in Europe and other place throughout the
world for its fine, intricate embroidery work even far back as the 19th century Among
the main centers of embroidery craftsmanship in the country during the time were
Ermita, Santa Ana, and Malate. Manila was particularly noted for embroidered
articles with satin-stitched designs combined with Calado.
Here is additional information particularly the steps on how to scallop the edge
(Heirloom Embroidery) of your fabric for a better result of your embroidered products:
3. Use a fine tailor's chalk pencil and your template to mark a scalloped edge on
your fabric or garment. Stitch a small running stitch 1/8 inch in from the edge
of the scalloped edge. Cut along the scalloped edge that you drew with tailor's
chalk.
To attain beautiful lacy effects on fabrics that Calado embroidery can give,
one should make sure that the stitches are not too tight because it will give a
wrinkled effect nor too loose because it will result to unattractive and untidy looking.
Embroidery frame can help a lot in keeping the drawn thread stretched for a
fine finish. The tools and materials used in Calado embroidery is actually the same
with the basic embroidery work which was already discussed on the previous part of
this lesson.
Also, note that plain fabrics are best used for ease in sewing especially for the
beginner like you. But, you can also use printed fabrics, you just have to be careful
not to be distracted while counting the number of threads to be pulled or drawn.
Even-weave and medium-weight materials are preferred.
SMOCKING
Smocking is a decorative embroidery or shirring especially designed to control
fullness in garments by gathering the fabric in regularly spaced tucks held in place
with fancy stitches. It is an interesting design feature in a variety of articles but is
popularly used for children’s women’s clothing. It is commonly applied to areas of
clothing with simple rectangular patterns such as the neckline, yoke, sleeve hem and
cuffs. Smocking was practical for garments to be both form fitting and flexible, hence
its name derives from smock — a farmer's work shirt. Smocking was used most
extensively in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Smocking is done in either two basic methods: regular and English. These
two methods differ basically as to the side of the fabric where dots are marked. The
dots serve as the guide for the smocking stitches.
In regular smocking, the dots are marked on the right side of the fabric before
smocking stitches are formed from dot to dot, gathering the fabric in each stitch. In
English smocking, the dots are marked on the wrong side of the fabric before the
rows of uneven running stitches are worked from dot to dot, forming small pleats.
This process is referred to as pre-gathering. Smocking stitches are then worked on
the right side of the fabric with a small stitch taken at each pleat previously.
The following are the directions in making each stitch in both regular and
English methods. Remember that the last step does not apply to the regular method;
it is only to be done for the English method.
1. Cable stitch is a tight stitch of double rows that joins alternating columns of
gathers. The cable stitch is made up of alternating down cable and up cable
stitches worked in a straight line. The needle is always inserted perpendicular to
the pleats and parallel to the gathering threads.
2. Honeycomb is a medium density variant on the cable stitch that double stitches
each set of gathers and provides more spacing between them, with an
intervening diagonal stitch concealed on the reverse side of the fabric. This stitch
is more elastic than any other of the smocking stitches, and is equally suitable for
fine or coarse work.
c. Catch 3rd and 2nd pleats together with a stitch, make a 2nd stitch over
this and take needle up back of 3rd pleat and out at 1st gathering
thread.
c. Work a 2nd row of stitches from halfway between 1st and 2nd gathering
threads to 2nd gathering thread.
4. Stem stitch is a tight stitch with minimum flexibility that joins two columns of
gathers at a time in single-overlapping rows with a downward slope. It is a series
of under stitches picked on each pleat and having the thread always under the
needle. See diagram below
(a) (b)
5. Outline stitch is similar to the stem stitch but with an upward slope.
a. Bring the needle up on the left side of a pleat, then pick up the next pleat
to the right allowing needle to slant
b. The thread is kept above the needle, it can however be kept below needle
slanting upwards.
6. Vandyke is a tight variant on the surface honeycomb stitch that wraps diagonal
stitches in the opposite direction.
a. Bring the needle up between the first two pleats to be stitched on the
right hand side of the fabric. Take the thread through to the left hand
side of the second pleat.
b. Keeping thread over needle, take a backstitch through pleats one and
two.
c. Thread still over needle, follow pleat two down to the bottom gathering
row, and take a stitch through pleats two and three (an old pleat and a
new one)
d. Thread under needle, make a backstitch through these two pleats again.
e. Thread still under needle, travel up on pleat three and make a stitch
through pleats three and four (old pleat and a new pleat).
f. Thread still under needle, travel up on pleat three and make a stitch
through pleats three and four (old pleat and a new pleat).
In making the wave stitch variation, dots are marked only where stitches will
be taken.
1. Wave stitch is a level stitch made up of cable stitches, moving up and then
down incremented equally between the gathering threads. This is worked
exactly in same way as Trellis stitch but after working one row a 2 nd row or
even a 3rd row is made to fit into the zig-zags, either close together or spaced.
(e) (f)
2. Trellis stitch formed may be of different sizes, 3, 4 or 5 stitches are the usual
numbers for the side of each trellis.
a. Bring up needle in the 1st pleat on a gathering thread,
take a small stitch through 2nd pleat at a slightly lower
level slanting the needle slightly and keeping the
thread above it;
b. Take a stitch in 3rd and 4th pleats in the same way,
then one in 5th pleat at the same level as last but with
the thread below needle. This stitch should be halfway
between two gathering threads.
d. Take a stitch in next pleat at same level but with thread above needle and
work downwards again to former level.
f. The 2nd row is begun on level of 2nd gathering thread and the stitches are
worked upwards until 4th pleat is reached and then downwards. The centre
stitches of each row of zig-zags meet and form the trellis.
For smooth sailing and good quality work, here are some tips on how to start
with your projects:
1. IRONING
There are commercial designs available in novelty stores which are
printed on thin transfer sheets. The design is transferred by laying the design
on the fabric and passing over a hot flat iron on the transfer sheet. The design
will then be imprinted on the cloth.
For smocked fabrics, when transferring the grids using hot iron, make
sure to check that the side and bottom edges of the transfer and fabric are
aligned. There is also a need to leave a seam allowance above the top row of
dots.
2. TRACING
This is the simplest method of transferring design. Use a light colored
carbon paper for light colored fabrics. Place the carbon paper face down on
the cloth and lay the design on top. Trace the design by using a pencil or any
sharp, pointed object.
3. STAMPING
This is the process of transferring design on the cloth with the use of a
perforated pattern, soft absorbent cloth, indigo, and petroleum or kerosene.
Cross Stitch
It is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches
in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture. Cross-stitch is often executed
on easily countable evenweave fabric called aida cloth. It is one of the oldest forms
of embroidery and can be found all over the world. Many folk museums show
The following are some of the tips before beginning your project:
1. Choose your fabric. Although cross stitch refers to the way in which you create
a stitched pattern and not to a particular fabric, it is most often done on a type of
material known as “Aida cloth”. This material is loosely woven in a grid pattern
that makes lining up all your stitches easy. Aida fabric comes in different sizes
which refer to the number of stitches that can be created in 1 square inch. The
options are typically 11, 14, 18, and 28.
If you don't want to use Aida cloth for your cross stitch, other popular
options are linen or fiddlers cloth. Both these lack the same wide spaces Aida
cloth provides for beginners though.
2. Select your thread. Cross stitch is great because it offers so much freedom on
the part of the maker, particularly in the color options of thread. Embroidery floss
is typically used and can be found in hundreds of colors. Each skein of
embroidery floss comes in six threads, but only 1-3 will be used for cross stitch at
a time.
If you have a difficult time doing cross stitch with your thread, you can get
waxed thread or use a bit of beeswax to prep your thread before starting your
stitching. It will help the floss to thread and tie off easier.
As a beginner, it may be best to start with a simple cross stitch. Find a pattern
that is small and doesn’t involve too many details and uses a total of 3-7 colors
only.
You can create your own pattern using your own images and a computer
program or a bit of graph paper if you don't like the patterns that are available.
1. Choose an image. Any image can be created into a cross stitch pattern, but
simple ones with easily definable shapes are best. Choose a picture or
drawing that has only a few colors and lacks a lot of detail.
2. Adjust your image. You may want to crop and enlarge your image so that
you focus on a single portion of the original picture. If you have a photo editing
program, use a "posterize" feature to transform your picture into easily
definable shapes. Convert your picture to grayscale before printing to match
easier the values of the chosen color.
3. Trace your image. Print a physical copy of your image, and gather a piece of
graph paper. Lay the graph paper over the top of your printed image, and
trace the outline of the most basic shapes. Try to limit the amount of detail
that you copy over.
4. Choose your colors. With your image and shapes traced, choose 3-7 colors
to use for your cross stitch. Use colored pencils that match your chosen colors
to shade in the shapes, focusing on a grid pattern and avoiding curved lines.
1. Cut your fabric and floss. The size of your fabric will depend on the size of
the pattern you are using. Each small square on the cross stitch fabric is
representational of a single stitch (or “x” shaped cross), and can be counted
across to get your exact size. Your embroidery floss should be cut to a length
of about 36” to begin.
Embroidery floss comes in strands of six threads, but typically only one
is necessary for cross stitching. Gently pull apart the groupings of threads
from the center and use a single thread for each section on your pattern.
One of the great things about cross stitching is that you can’t tell where
you start/stop from the front. Simply cut additional thread and start again from
where you left off.
2. Thread your needle. Take your single thread of embroidery floss and create
a loop at the end. Then pull the loop through, leaving the two tail ends (one
should be very short) to hang out the opposite side of the eye of the needle.
3. Begin your cross stitch. Count on your pattern the number of grid spaces to
the first stitch (typically the centermost stitch), and insert your needle from the
bottom. Pull the thread all the way through, leaving a bit of the loop at the
bottom. Then, cross the thread down or up diagonally and pull the needle
through the loop underneath to create a stable anchor for your stitching.
With every stitch you make, thread your strings over the loose tail in the back
to secure it to your cross stitch fabric. This will also make it less likely for your
cross stitch to unravel from being tugged or pulled.
4. Continue stitching. Using the same “x” stitch pattern, work outwards from
the center of your cross stitch until you have completed the pattern.
5. Finish your piece. When you have completed the pattern and added an
optional backstitch border, tie off your thread underneath your cross stitch. Tie
a simple knot on the backside of your pattern, and cut off any remaining
thread.
6. Wash your cross stitch. Hands are naturally very dirty and oily, and as such
make the fabric of your needlepoint dirty as well. Frequent hand washing can
help to limit the amount of grime that is transferred to your fabric, but a ring of
dirt around your embroidery hoop is nearly inevitable. Gently hand wash your
cross stitch with soap and water and allow to air dry when you are finished
with it. http://www.wikihow.com/Cross-Stitch
Name: Date:
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)
Name: Date:
Situation: After attending the subject on needle craft, Lanly and Allan was
motivated to spend their summer vacation making crocheted mini pouch. They
they want to help their parents gain income, and make their vacation more
productive. Before the end of summer, they were able to craft 60 pieces of mini
pouch and had the expenses of ₱500.00. How much will they sell their mini
pouch? If their entire pouch were sold, how much is their profit?
Solution:
1. Make a Sampler Craft book on the Embroidery stitches that you have made.
Be creative in your presentation!
2. Prepare a project plan for the following embroidered articles. You are free to
choose any color of yarn. You may refer to this procedure but you could also
make some modifications. Your finished product shall be pack presentably. To
know the criteria on how your output will be rated, refer to page 102 (Rubric
performance). Be creative in doing your embroidered articles.
Embroidered Handkerchief
Materials:
- 35 cm square perlin or soft cotton Embroider the design:
material a) Fit the cloth on round wooden frame
- A piece of white, thin pattern paper (bastidor). Use outline stitches and
- Indigo and petroleum mixed in a container other easy stitches like seed stitch
- Soft absorbent cloth and small satin stitch
- Sewing tools b) Using a pin, count the thread which
- Blade should be cut within the design for
- Embroidery threads your calado. Put the same mark on
- Round wooden frame or bastidor the opposite end and cut the threads
which should be cut and catch them
Procedure: with a pin. Cut the threads using the
1. Trace the chosen design or you may blade.
create your own. c) Draw the cut threads one at a time,
2. Using a pin, perforate the pattern on until you form small windows.
a pillow. Be sure to prick the paper d) Do calado stitches along the windows
close enough to make the lines formed
accurate. e) Roll the raw edge of the handkerchief
3. Lay the cloth on a table lined with and hem using the desired stitch. Be
newspaper and put the perforated sure you miter the corner.
pattern on it. f) Launder your handkerchief to remove
4. Stamp the design using the soft dirt and the indigo and petroleum
absorbent cloth dipped in indigo and marks. Using a medium hot flatiron
petroleum. press on the wrong side of the
5. Let the indigo and petroleum dry handkerchief.
before starting with your embroidery.
Direction: The whole class will be using one pattern to have uniformity in terms of
difficulty and just assessment of your performance output. Your teacher will decide what
pattern to be used and provide clear instruction on how are you going to accomplish
your project.
EMBROIDERED ARTICLE # 3
SMOCKED PILLOW CASE
Procedure:
1. Measure and cut a square of fabric one inch larger than the prefer size of
pillow, in both length and width. This is the back of the pillow. Set aside.
2. Measure and cut another piece of fabric one inch wider than the pillow form
and three times longer, plus one inch.
3. Make a grid of evenly spaced dots on the right side of the large piece of fabric
using a fabric pencil. Use one inch distance between dots. The more space
between dots, the larger the smocked folds of fabric. Cover the entire large
piece of fabric with rows and columns of evenly spaced dots.
4. Apply honeycomb stitch until the entire piece of fabric has been smocked.
Make a small lockstitch at each point where dots meet. Knot the thread at the
end of each row as you work.
5. Sew the pillow back to the smocked front piece with right sides together.
Stitch by hand with 1 inch seam allowances. Leave one side open to insert
the pillow form.
6. Turn the pillow right side out. Insert the pillow form, distributing smoothly over
the form.
7. Turn in the raw edges and sew the opening together.
Source: http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-smocked-pillows-53268.html
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
DESIGN (30%)
MATERIAL (30%)
TECHNIQUE (40%)
Fine craftsmanship 10
Directions: Using the table below, asses the strengths and weakness of your
embroidered article/product. Write the strengths on the first column and the
weaknesses on the second. On the third column, suggest how you could turn your
weakness into strength
My embroidered article:
Direction: Think of an adjective, verb or noun that corresponds to every letter of the
word EMBROIDERY. Each word shall describe the experience in making embroidery
stitches.
Name: Date:
LESSON 3
POST TEST
Multiple
B. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.
10. The success of an embroidered article depends largely on the _____ of the
stitches:
C. Size C. Tension
D. Width D. Length
HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 80
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
B. Matching Type
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A to their correct names as listed in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
D. Identification
Directions: Identify the following embroidery stitches being describe. Write your
answer in your answer sheet
1. It is also called double running stitch that is often used to outline blackwork
embroidery.
2. It is a single detached stitch used primarily to fill in a design area. Also, a popular
stitch among embroiderers because it can be used to create the eyes on an
embroidered face or the center of the flower.
3. It is also called as the Continental Stitch. One of the most often used in basic
needlepoint stitches.
4. A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. It derives its name
from its resemblance to a rose bud.
5. Stitch considered especially useful for outlining or giving more weight to a single stitch
line. Usually two working yarns are used.
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW
Crochet is versatile and popular technique for making a variety of fashion and
home decor accessories. Crochet stitches are made with loops and wrapping yarn
around the hook. Spending some of your time to produce crocheted articles is not a
waste especially when you come up with your finished product that can be used. All
effort and energy is worth it.
This lesson covers the crocheting as a needlecraft. The lessons are aimed at
developing the skill, knowledge and attitude of learners towards drafting project
plans, making crocheted articles with project plan and packaging of finished
crocheted article.
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describes the
statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
1. It refers to the term that indicates the use of needles for constructing
product/articles.
a. Handicraft c. Needle craft
b. Crochet d. Embroidery
4. One of the primary tools used in crocheting that varies in color and ranging
from coarse to fine depending on the crochet articles to be made.
a. rope c. thread
b. needle d. yarn
5. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. Always
choose the correct size suited to the article to be produced.
a. needle c. brush
b. hook d. ball threads
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A. Slip stitch
_____1. Used to form a chain into a ring
B. Chain stitch
to join around, or to join pieces
C. Treble crochet
invisibly.
D. Double crochet
_____2. More open and tall than the
E. Half double crochet
double crochet.
F. Double treble crochet
_____3. A crochet stitch which has one
yarn over than a half double
crochet.
_____4. A crochet stitch which is slightly
taller than the single
crochet.
_____5. Crochet stitch similar to the treble
C. IDENTIFICATION
crochet.
Directions: Write the meaning of the following abbreviations used in crocheting. Write
your answer in your quiz booklet.
1. beg
2. cl
3. yrh
4. st
5. rep
D. ESSAY
OBJECTIVES
LESSON 2.1
CROCHET
The word is derived from the French word "croche", meaning hook which has
been used in the intricate process of lacemaking. Crochet differs from knitting in a
way that only one stitch is active at one time, and a single crochet hook is used
instead of two knitting needles.
No one really knows the origin of crochet. However, it is widely known that the
fine crochet was worked on by nuns in the 16th century in Europe, Ireland. What do
you think is the first crocheted product ever produced? Right! It is the laced mats
Before performing crochet, it is necessary to check all the materials and tools
to to save time and energy. Do not forget that without them, you cannot produce a
crocheted article and it will not also be beneficial if the user doesn’t know how to use
it properly.
1. Crochet hooks – are made either by wood, bone, plastic, steel and
aluminum.
D. Extra large hooks made up of steel or plastic are used especially in rug
making and jiffy crochet.
It is very important to use the correct size of hook every time you crochet. The
size of hook can greatly influence the appearance of the finished product in the same
manner as can the weight and type of yarn used.
Kinds:
A. Cotton thread has a very smooth, silky finish and
usually used for crocheting. Sometimes it has matte
appearance like some bedspread cottons.
OBJECTIVES:
To realize the learning outcome being set, you are expected to perform the
following:
LESSON 2.2
(1) (2)
In holding the yarn, keep in mind that the yarn should be kept in tension over
the index finger so it is easily manipulated. In this way too, an even tension around
the hook can be produced.
A. CHAIN STITCH
The chain stitch is considered as the foundation or the base of the
most crochet stitches and patterns. Therefore, chain stitch should be the first
to master. Here are the steps to be followed in making the chain stitch:
Figure 1
Figure 5
The double crochet is the basis for many pattern stitches in crochet. As
with a half double crochet stitch, you start with a yarn over before you insert
the hook. Because a double crochet has one more yarn over than a half
double crochet, it’s taller and creates a somewhat open fabric. Because it’s
taller, this time you’ll work your first stitch into the 4th chain from the hook.
The treble crochet is more open than the double crochet. It is a tall
stitch that is used less frequently than the double crochet. Working this stitch
is similar to working double crochet; you just need to work one more yarn
over. As the tallest stitch, you’ll now work into the 5th chain from the hook.
The double treble crochet is basically the same as the treble crochet
but taller because of the addition of another yarn at the beginning.
Name: Date:
Directions: Cut out from old magazines or search for at least 3 pictures of crocheted
articles/products or take pictures of crocheted articles you have at home and paste it
in this activity sheet. Evaluate each picture through giving constructive comments
considering the principles of design and the overall appearance.
Name: Date:
C. Direction: Think of a possible crocheted project or article. You may surf the
internet to browse the current trends and fashions today. Plan it using the
format below. The more catchy and creative your project name is, the better.
You may use separate sheet of paper if necessary.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)
a. Make 12 chain stitches or you may d. Chain 2 and single crochet in three
get the measurement of your wrist stitches. Chain 8. Single crochet in four
to come up with exact length. stitches. Chain 8 and single crochet in
three stitches to make the loop button
b. Insert the hook on the third chain, fasteners for the crochet bracelet. Knot
grab the yarn strand and pull it and cut the yarn.
through the chain. Grab another
strand and pull it through the two e. Sew the button on the top end of the
loops on the hook to make a single opposite edge of the bracelet from the
crochet stitch. Repeat and single button fasteners. Fasten the bracelet on
crochet in each chain stitch. your arm with the buttons and loop
fasteners.
c. Chain 2 and single crochet in the
top of each previous single crochet
stitch. Repeat this row until the Source:http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_
piece of work fits around your crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2ggh6m7NP
wrist.
Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Crochet-a-Hat
2. Make your own crochet product. This will be your crocheted article # 3. Be sure to
accompany it with project plan and submit to the deadline set by your teacher. Give
the best that you can as you craft your own style and design. Evaluate your products
using the rubric provided in the succeeding page. Happy working!
3. Neatness of Observed 3
Observed 1 Observed 2
Knots and Knots and ends instance where
instance where instance where
Ends were not either knots or
either knots or either knots or
visible. ends were
ends were visible. ends were visible.
visible.
10-9 points 8-7 points 6-5 points 4-0 points
Only 80% of the Only 60% of the Only 40% of the
4.
Measurements finished product is finished product finished product
Measurements
were accurate. accurately is accurately is accurately
measured. measured. measured.
20-17 points 16-13 points 12-10 points 9-0 points
Design was artistic
Design was not
5. Creativity/ Design was but there was a Design was
artistically
Design artistic and trace of innovation artistic but it is not
crafted and not
original. of design available original.
original.
in the market.
5 points 4 points 3 points 2-0 points
Observe safety Observed safety Observed safety Observed safety
6. Safety precaution at precautions but precautions but precautions but
all times when was noted to fail was noted to fail was noted to fail
working. once. twice. thrice.
7. Time 5 points 4 points 3 points 2-0 points
Management Finished the There is a 1 day There is a 2 day There is a 3 day
Name: Date:
Directions: Narrate your experience in making crocheted articles. Cite the challenges
or difficulties you encountered and how did you manage them. As you finish your
story, give emphasis to the lessons learned. Use separate sheet of paper if
necessary.
LESSON 1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describes the
statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
1. It refers to the term that indicates the use of needles for constructing
product/articles.
c. Handicraft c. Needle craft
d. Crochet d. Embroidery
2. It serves as the foundation of all crochet work.
c. chain c. treble
d. double treble d. slip
4. One of the primary tools used in crocheting that varies in color and ranging
from coarse to fine depending on the crochet articles to be made.
c. rope c. thread
d. needle d. yarn
5. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. Always
choose the correct size suited to the article to be produced.
c. needle c. brush
d. hook d. ball threads
_____2. More open and tall than the double D. Double crochet
_____3. A crochet stitch which has one yarn F. Double treble crochet
C. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Write the meaning of the following abbreviations used in crocheting. Write
your answer in your quiz booklet.
1. beg
2. cl
3. yrh
4. st
5. rep
D. ESSAY
Directions: Answer briefly. (5 points)
OBJECTIVE
1. Discuss briefly the overview of knitting;
2. Demonstrate proper use of knitted tools and materials; and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected knitted articles.
4. Perform the basic stitches in knitting;
5. Demonstrate acquired knowledge through crafting knitted articles with
presentable package;
6. Select appropriate quality packaging materials for knitted articles;
7. Apply art principles in knitting and packaging; and
8. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of knitted articles and packaging
presentation.
OVERVIEW
Knitting has long been the favorite technique for sweater making because of
the detailing and color patterning the stitches produce. The two basic stitches-knit
and purl-can be worked alone or together and form the basis of dozens of designs as
well as other stitches. Knitting requires two needles and a continuous strand of yarn.
With patience and determination, you can acquire the basic skills from this module
and come up with your own knitted article.
PRE-TEST
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer in your answer sheet.
1. The process of using two or more needles loop in yarn into a series of
interconnected loops to create finish garment.
A. Sewing C. Knitting
B. Crafting D. Smocking
2. The yarn which is held over the left forefinger and regulated by other fingers is a
customary in _______.
A. European and Eastern countries C. English speaking countries
B. China D. Vietnam
3. This needle is ideal for beginners. They are very smooth and you will be able to
knit more quickly.
A. Metal knitting needle C. Bamboo knitting needle
B. Plastic knitting needle D. Glass knitting needle
4. These needles are usually available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths with a pointed
end.
A. Straight knitting needle C. Circular knitting needle
B. Double pointed knitting needle D. Knitting needle
II. Identification
Directions: Give the abbreviation or symbol of the following terms:
Column A Column B
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of such competencies, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
LESSON 3.1
Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series
of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or to create a cloth.
The origin of knitting is known to have been lost in the mists of ancient times.
It was believed that the first knitters were probably a nomadic race living in the
Palaces of North Africa. Some of the items that they knitted were the tent flaps of
decorative patterns believing that the symbols knitted on flaps were used to frighten
away evil spirits.
CONTINENTAL METHOD
There are several popular ways to position the yarn. Tension is controlled
partly with the index finger, extending it to tighten yarn after the needle passes
underneath. Many experts feel that greater speed can be attained with this method
and key is flexible wrist movement.
ENGLISH METHOD
It is important for you to be aware of the terms and abbreviations since most
of the patterns with instructions or procedures in crafting knitted articles consists
abbreviations. Below are the common terms and abbreviations which you may
encounter while making your knitted articles.
k knit sl slip
p purl Inc increase
yo yarn over Dec decrease
rnd round Incl inclusive
st stitch sk skip
tog together slip a st slip a stitch from one
beg beginning needle to the other with
Psso pass slip stitch working it
over knit stitch alt alternate
Dp Double pointed bet between
needle
“ inch (es)
One of the key factors to enjoy and have a smooth sailing knitting activity is to
have good quality of knitting tools. Aside from this, it has a great effect to the end
product of any knitting articles. Below is a list knitting tools that every knitter should
have. It is advised that knitters should have their knitting bags to keep all the knitting
tools and materials together.
A. Yarns
It is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in
the production of textiles; sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and
rope making. There are various types of yarn differing in twist, size and texture
you can choose from depending on the design you want for your knitted articles.
B. Knitting Needles
Knitting Needles are the most important tool in knitting. They come in a
variety of styles and materials. Some of the most common knitting needles
include plastic, metal, and wood. Each type has various advantages and
disadvantages. Knitting needles styles include: straight, circular, and double-
pointed.
1. Straight needles have a pointed end. When working with a pair of
straight needles, the work is done with flat and in rows. Work across all
the stitches on one needle, then turn work to other side and work
across all stitches on other needle. Straight knitting needles are usually
available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths. These are the knitting needles
that usually come to mind when thinking about knitting. The smaller the
number, the finer the needle.
Aside from this, knitting needles also varies from the types of materials it
was made of.
4. Plastic knitting needle. These needles are ideal for beginners and
are the least expensive. Plastic knitting needles are lighter and more
flexible than metal designs. They are also very smooth, so you will
likely be able to knit more quickly.
7. Bamboo knitting needle. There are also knitting needles that are
made of bamboo. These needles are imported from Japan and are
lightweight and strong. Bamboo designs are also less slippery than
other designs so your stitches will stay in place better. Bamboo
knitting needles are also more flexible than metal designs, but less
flexible than plastic designs.
8. Resin knitting needle. Some knitting needles are made from resin.
These needles are hollow, so they weigh less than many other
materials. However, they are also strong, so they won't break easily.
Knitting needles that are made from resin are inexpensive and look
like plastic needles.
These are some of the different types of materials used to make knitting
needles. Plastic needles are inexpensive and are very light and smooth. Bamboo
knitting needles are also lightweight and strong, but offer less flexibility than
plastic designs. Glass is one of the heaviest materials and is also slippery so you
may have trouble keeping stitches in place.
Having this information, you can now choose the best knitting needle you
are most comfortable with!
Yarn and knitting needles are by far the most important tools of a knitter, but
you need a couple of these so that knitting project will be successful.
C. Stitch Holders
This is used by knitters to hold open stitches when not being used by
the needles. They can be used when finishing a side of an item, such as a
sweater, and preparing for the kitchener stitch. They can be used on stitches
separated from the needle when splitting the piece. For example, when shaping
the neckhole of a sweater, the stitch holder is placed on the group of stitches
used to make the neckhole, and the needles are used to continue to make the
stitches on either side. Stitch holders are also used at the ends of sleeves of a
sweater before they are attached to the body of the sweater. A large safety pin or
extra knitting needle can be used in place of a holder.
D. Stitch Markers
Stitch markers are used to help keep track of the number of stitches in a row
or to indicate where a stitch pattern starts or ends. There are
also locking/unlocking stitch markers and split markers that can be used to mark
a stitch on a row. They can be removed later when the knitting project is
complete.
E. Scissors
F. Yarn Bobbins
They are made of plastic and come in several shapes and sizes. They hold
small amounts of colored yarns.
G. Sewing Needles
Sewing needles are helpful for weaving in the ends of your knitting project
and for sewing together pieces of a garment, such as putting the arms on a
sweater. You can find needles suitable for working with yarn in plastic and metal.
Either is fine, though plastic is preferred if you're knitting with children or the
accident-prone. Make sure you buy needles with large eyes so the yarn can
easily pass through them. A needle threader might also be a handy addition to
your knitting tool collection.
H. Crochet Hooks
Why do knitters need crochet hooks? Sometimes a crocheted border on a
knitted garment is a very nice touch, but crochet hooks can come in handy even
for those who don't know a single crochet from a French knot. If the ends of your
yarn are too short to be woven in with a sewing needle, a crochet hook is an
invaluable tool. The size of the hook you buy doesn't matter that much, but it
should be large enough to be compatible with a range of yarn thicknesses.
Armed with these simple tools you can easily complete your first knitted project.
I. Cable Needles
Cable needles are a special kind of knitting needle used specifically to hold
stitches in the front of or behind your knitting so that the stitches can be picked up
and knitted after knitting other stitches first. This is what allows the stitches to
cross each other and create cable stitches. There are several different shapes of
cable needles. There are curved cable knitting needles and straight cable knitting
needles.
J. Knit Gauge
One of the best things you can do help with the success of your knitting
projects, is to knit a gauge swatch. Gauge is very important in getting knitted
items the right size.
Name: Date:
Direction: Think of a knitted product you want to create. Suppose you now have your
finished knitted article/product. Promote it to your classmates by writing/illustrating
an attractive and encouraging advertisement. Be creative.
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the learning outcome, you are expected to perform the
following objectives:
LESSON 3.2
A. SLIP KNOT
The slip knot for knitting is the same as the slip knot for crocheting.
B. CASTING ON
C. KNIT STITCH
C. PURL STITCH
E. CASTING OFF
10. Pull the loop off the needle and cut the yarn,
leaving several inches to work with.
Since you are a beginner in knitting, remember the following tips below. It will
guide you in making your projects easier to handle.
Name: Date:
A. Directions: Think of a possible knitted project or article. You may surf the
internet to browse the current trends and fashions today. Plan it using the
format below. The more catchy and creative your project name is, the better.
You may use separate sheet of paper if necessary.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)
Name: Date:
Directions: Cut the following shapes then paste it on a short bond paper forming a
human structure. Each shape has corresponding question and you have to write
your answer inside the shape. Do it creatively.
1. Heart shape: What attitude should you posses to craft knitted projects
successfully? Give at least one. Explain briefly.
2. Rectangle shapes: What is the importance or advantage of acquiring skills
on knitting? Give at least 4 (one per rectangle)
3. Circle shape: How would you encourage others to appreciate knitting
products?
Use needle size or two from what the yarn label recommends.
1. Cast on 12 stitches.
2. Row 1: slip the first stitch knit wise, p1, (k1, p1) across
3. Repeat row 1 to desired length.
4. Bind off in k1, p1 pattern.
Source: http://www.favecrafts.com/Beginner-Knitting/Cute-and-Simple-Knitted
Belt/ct/1#POdKjSwcVRO4ETvR.99
3. Make your own knitted product. This will be your knitted article # 3. Be sure to
accompany it with project plan and submit before the deadline set by your
teacher.
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
Material 5
Exhibits economy in the use of materials
Techniques & Uses the best techniques for the design and 10
Skills materials used
Exhibits correct processes and procedures 10
Tools 10
Uses appropriate tools, operates tools
skilfully, takes good care of tools
Name: Date:
Directions: Form a group with at least 5 members. Compose a song that would
narrate the experience of each member in making knitted articles. Cite the
challenges or difficulties you encountered and how did you manage them. Give
emphasis to the lessons learned. Perform it in front of the class.
LESSON 3
POST TEST
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer in your answer sheet.
6. The process of using two or more needles loop in yarn into a series of
interconnected loops to create finish garment.
C. Sewing C. Knitting
D. Crafting D. Smocking
7. The yarn which is held over the left forefinger and regulated by other fingers is a
customary in _______.
C. European and Eastern countries C. English speaking countries
D. China D. Vietnam
8. This needle is ideal for beginners. They are very smooth and you will be able to
knit more quickly.
C. Metal knitting needle C. Bamboo knitting needle
D. Plastic knitting needle D. Glass knitting needle
9. These needles are usually available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths with a pointed
end.
C. Straight knitting needle C. Circular knitting needle
D. Double pointed knitting needle D. Knitting needle
10. The following are the basic steps in knitting EXCEPT ____________.
C. Casting down C. Casting off
D. Casting on D. Purl stitch
II. Identification
Directions: Give the abbreviation or symbol of the following terms:
Column A Column B
QUILTING
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the overview of quilting;
2. Demonstrate the proper use of tools, materials and equipment in quilting; and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected quilted articles.
4. Apply quilt stitches on selected project;
5. Select appropriate quality packaging material for finished project;
6. Apply creativity in packaging; and
7. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of finished product and packaging
presentation.
OVERVIEW
This lesson covers the learning competencies aiming to develop and enhance
the skill, knowledge and attitude of learners towards drafting project plans, making of
quilted articles with package accompanied by project plan.
A. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet
1. What do you call the process of sewing two or more layers of material to make a
thicker padded material?
A. Quilting C. Sewing
B. Embroidery D. Knitting
2. If you want to draw a circular objects or design, what would be the most applicable
tool or device to use?
A. compass C. pencil
B. ruler D. tracing paper
3. If you are a beginner in quilting, this tool is advise to use in order to prevent from
being pierced by the needle.
A. wax C. frame
B. ruler D. thimble
5. It is a form of quilting that use a semi-transparent or transparent cloth for the top
layer.
A. Sashiko quilting C. Shadow quilting
B. Stuffed quilting D. Padded quilting
6. What is the type of quilting which originated from Japan that strengthen or repair a
fabric, padded or unpadded?
A. Sashiko quilting C. Shadow quilting
B. Stuffed quilting D. Padded quilting
7. Which of the following is a part of quilting that gives embossed surface to the top
layer?
A. Top layer C. Batting
B. Backing D. Blending
9. It is the material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
A. Batting C. Filler
B. Backing D. Blending
B. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate what are asked below.
A. Tools and materials used in quilting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least 2 safety and precautionary measures that should be observed while
quilting.
6.
7.
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of such competencies, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
LESSON 4.1
The word "quilt" comes from the Latin “culcita” meaning a large stuffed sack,
mattress or cushion. The earliest known quilted garment is depicted on the carved
ivory figure of a Pharaoh of the Egyptian First Dynasty, about 3400 B.C. It has been
used for clothing and furnishings scattered throughout the world thousands of years
before.
In Europe, quilting has been part of the needlework tradition and has been
one of their favorite activity at home especially during winter. Quilted articles lined
with foam such as comforter and blankets are very useful during winter because of
their thickness and extra warmth that it gives. Quilting can be done by hand,
by sewing machine, or by a specialist long arm quilting system. A quilter is the name
given to someone who works at quilting. (SEDP Series, Technology and Home
Economics III)
A. Design Aids
The following are hints that will help you with regard to designs:
6. A pencil or a dressmaker’s/tailor’s
chalk. It is used to mark directly on fabric
Name: Date:
Directions: Form a group with at least 5-10 members. Each member will identify the
advantages or benefits of acquiring knowledge and skills in quilting. Then, role play it
in front of the class. The teacher will also select a representative to each group to
generalize their performance.
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of such competencies, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
LESSON 4.2
1. Top Layer – is the decorative side of a quilted project. You may use a printed
or solid-colored fabric or even a completed piece of patchwork, appliqué, or
embroidery. From Ma’am Wella’s reference
2. Filler – The material placed in between the batting and the backing for the
purpose of giving bulk to the quilted article Julian G. Cruz, et.al 1998. Usually
made up of cotton or polyester fiber. It is also called as batting or wadding.
From Ma’am Wella’s reference
1. Outline Quilting - refers to hand or machine quilting that outlines a shape or area
of a quilt, either patchwork or appliqué, in order to emphasize the shape. It follows
the outline of shapes already present on the top of the fabric layer.
3. Ornamental Motifs – include designs with complicated details. They are best
sewn on plain lighter colored fabric to show up he quilting better.
KINDS OF QUILTING
1. PADDED QUILTING
4. SHADOW QUILTING
It is a semi-transparent or transparent cloth is
used for the top layer and a fabric with a patched
design, for the underneath layer. Colored wool is used
to stuff between layers. Threads are sewn underneath
around the patched design to give a more embossed
effect. He embossed effect can be achieved by using
shapes of different thickness and combining them with
appliqué and other types of stitches. Combining
different types of colors and designs produces a more
artistic effect. http://quilts.winterroad.net/images/Qui
lts/Shadows/Shadow2.jpg
The following are some tips to help you prepare on your project. Get ready to
take off and start your project!
1. Make sure to prepare all the materials you will be needing in crafting your
project. Prepare a checklist to avoid wasting of time and energy.
4. You may wash your fabric, dry it completely and then iron out the wrinkles and
fold until ready to cut your quilt pieces.
Name: Date:
A. Directions: Think of a possible quilted project or article. You may surf the
internet to browse the current trends and fashions today. Plan it using the
format below. The more catchy and creative your project name is, the better.
You may use separate sheet of paper if necessary.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)
1. Based on the given procedures, execute the article below with a project plan.
You may refer to this procedure but you could also make some modifications.
Be creative in doing your quilted articles. Your output will be evaluated using
the rubrics on page 156. Happy quilting!
QUILTED ARTICLE # 1
Materials:
- Cloth, foam, lining, shears, thread, pins and needles, tape measure, zipper and
pencil.
Procedure:
1. Cut nine squares of cloth, each measuring 6.35 cm on the side. Line up the
squares into three rows. Connect the squares to form a big square by
handstitching.
2. Cut two pieces of cloth, each measuring 31.75 cm x 6.35 cm. Handstitch one
piece on top and one below the formed square.
3. Cut two pieces of cloth to the batting foam. Be sure that the foam is of the
same dimension as the sewed cloth.
4. Cut a lining cloth. This should be of the same as that of the sewed cloth.
Place underneath the batting foam. Handstitch or baste.
Source: SEDP Series, Technology and Home Economics III, Home Technology
Related Crafts I, Third Year High School, Department of Education Culture and
Sports, MG Reprographics Supply and Services, Inc., Philippines
2. Presto! You now have the guts to make your own quilted product. Craft your
own quilted article. This will serve as your quilted article # 2. Be sure to
accompany it with a project plan. Package your finish product presentably and
creatively. Have fun and enjoy quilting!
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
Design (30%)
Material (30%)
Technique (40%)
Fine craftsmanship 10
Name: Date:
Directions: Using the table below, identify the good points and areas to improve of
your quilted article/product. Write the good points on the first column and the areas
on the second. On the third column, cite recommendations to strengthen your quilted
products.
My embroidered article:
Name: Date:
Directions: Compose a short poem that would narrate your experience in making
embroidered articles. Cite the challenges or difficulties you encountered and how did
you manage them. Give emphasis to the lessons learned. Use separate sheet of
paper if necessary.
Name: Date:
Directions: After all the learning sessions of this module, it is expected that as you
develop the necessary skills in needle craft, you also enrich your positive work habits
and attitudes. List down at least 5 positive attitudes/habits you have developed with
corresponding symbols. You have 10 minutes to this activity. Then, go around and
see if you have classmates who have same answer as yours (not necessarily the
same symbol, only the same attitude/habit). Write the name of your classmate
opposite to the attitude/habits which you have the same answer.
LESSON 4
POST TEST
A. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet
1. What do you call the process of sewing two or more layers of material to make a
thicker padded material?
A. Quilting C. Sewing
B. Embroidery D. Knitting
2. If you want to draw a circular objects or design, what would be the most applicable
tool or device to use?
A. compass C. pencil
B. ruler D. tracing paper
3. If you are a beginner in quilting, this tool is advise to use in order to prevent from
being pierced by the needle.
A. wax C. frame
B. ruler D. thimble
5. It is a form of quilting that use a semi-transparent or transparent cloth for the top
layer.
A. Sashiko quilting C. Shadow quilting
B. Stuffed quilting D. Padded quilting
6. What is the type of quilting which originated from Japan that strengthen or repair a
fabric, padded or unpadded?
A. Sashiko quilting C. Shadow quilting
B. Stuffed quilting D. Padded quilting
7. Which of the following is a part of quilting that gives embossed surface to the top
layer?
A. Top layer C. Batting
B. Backing D. Blending
9. It is the material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
A. Batting C. Filler
B. Backing D. Blending
B. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate what are asked below.
A. Tools and materials used in quilting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least 2 safety and precautionary measures that should be observed while
quilting.
6.
7.
Needlecraft products are ubiquitous items in the Philippine market. They are
applied or used in novelty items or in functional ones from the most simple wristband
or cellular phone holders to items such as bags and clothes. They are available for
sale in simple kiosks in bazaars, in stalls at renowned shopping areas like Divisoria
and Quiapo, and even in upscale malls and boutiques. Philippine-made articles from
needlecrafts even enjoy international reputation as evidenced by a steady-stream of
demand for exported products. Indeed, the demand for needlecraft products makes
the skills for neddlecraft techniques an empowering competency to have.
I. Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your
answer sheet.
Column A
Column B
_____1. A decorative embroidery or
shirring design to control fullness A. calado
in garments by gathering the
fabric.
B. crochet
____2. It is a kind of needlework
consisting of the interlocking of
looped stitches formed with a C. knitting
single thread and a hooked
needle. It has been used in the
intricate process of lacemaking. D. quilting
11. A tool used in making eyelets usually made of wood, bone or metal.
12. A device used to keep the fabric heavy stretched while applying stitches on
the design.
14. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. It varies in
sizes and therefore should use the correct size suited to the article to be
produced.
17. These knitting needles are ideal for beginners and are the least expensive. It
is lighter and more flexible than metal designs.
18. A device used for the middle finger to prevent from being pierced by the
needle. It could be a metal, plastic or leather.
19. The material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
20. It is used for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.
EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Essay 1: What are the safety and precautionary measures that you should
observe when doing needlecraft projects?
Essay 3: Think of a package for a quilted blanket that will satisfy the following
functions: (a) identify the product, (b) sell & showcase the design so consumers
can be persuaded to buy, (c) protect the product, and (d) utilize indigenous or
environment-friendly package. Describe your package in detail.
C. Identification
1. Holbein Stitch
2. French Knot
3. Tent Stitch
4. Rosette Chain Stitch
5. Couching
1. E
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
Batting Cotton, wool, or synthetic fiber wadded into rolls or sheets, used
for stuffing furniture mattresses and for lining quilts.
Entrepreneur A person who organizes, operates and assumes the risk for a
business venture.
Indigo A blue dye, obtained from various plants, especially of the genus
Indigofera, or manufactured synthetically. Its color is ranging
from deep violet blue to dark grayish blue.
Kerosene A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for
heating and cooking and in lamps.
Pleats A fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and
then pressing or stitching it into place.
Yarn Over Used either to increase stitch count or add a decorative opening
in the fabric - or both; the action of putting the yarn over the
needle.
BOOKS
Dela Cruz, T.R. and Tabbada, E.V. (2000)Technology and Home Economics,
Related
Crafts I (Third year). Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
CRUZ, et al (1998) Home Economics IV. Quezon City: Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.
Histrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Leuterio, F.C. (1995) Technology and Home Economics IV. Sampaloc Manila:St.
Augustine Publications, Inc.
Mathieson, E.L. (1946). The Complete Book of Crochet. The World Publishing
Company
http://www.artsanddesigns.com/cgi-
bin/makeGlossary.pl?category=embroidery§ion=T
http://myquiltplace.com/forum/topics/why-quilting-improves-your-health-in-ways-
even-exercise-can-t
http://www.needlepoint-for-fun.com/basic-needlepoint-stitches.htm
http://www.needlecrafter.com/Stitches/stitches.html?let=H#H
http://www.craftstylish.com/item/8312/how-to-five-handy-embroidery-stitches/page/all
http://idiotsguides.com/static/quickguides/hobbiescrafts/crochet-101-the-basic-
stitches.html
From The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Knitting and Crocheting Illustrated, Third
Edition, by Barbara Breiter and Gail Diven
http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2gggjc1h2
http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2ggh6m7NP
http://www.ehow.com/how_8585384_make-
crochetedcenterpiece.html#ixzz2ggj9oWpm
http://www.ehow.com/how_8585384_make-crocheted-
centerpiece.html#ixzz2ggiKw6pI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smocking
http://embroidery.about.com/od/Embroidery-Stitches/ss/Working-The-Running-
Stitch.htm
http://www.needlecrafter.com/Stitches/stitchdetail.html?id=470
http://needlepoint.about.com/od/stitchdiagrams/ss/Continental_2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbein_stitch
http://needlepoint.about.com/od/stitchdiagrams/ss/Continental.htm
http://www.needlepoint-for-fun.com/basic-needlepoint-stitches.htm
http://www.craftstylish.com/item/8312/how-to-five-handy-embroidery-stitches/page/all
http://www.wikihow.com/Knit#Making_a_Yarn_Ball
http://www.queenofdiy.com/stitchery/knitting-beginners-guide.html
http://www.ehow.com/how_12091803_embroider-scalloped-
edge.html#ixzz2hHlmBrvG
http://crafts.creativebug.com/make-smocking-stitches-1914.html
http://knittingnewscast.com/blog/2011/03/10/top-10-knitting-notions/
http://knitting.about.com/od/toolsandsupplies/a/beginnertools_2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn
http://voices.yahoo.com/six-materials-used-knitting-needles-697525.html
http://www.favecrafts.com/Crochet-Bags/Beginner-Tote-
Bag/ct/1#vdC6TEMiM7oDiupy.99
http://www.favecrafts.com/Crochet-Bags
http://www.pinterest.com/ocsunsets/phone-covers-crochet/
http://www.crochetspot.com/crochet-pattern-simple-cell-phone-case/
http://www.insaneaboutgarb.com/friesianfrockgirl/index.php/textiles/needlework/basic
-smocking
http://tipnut.com/smocking/
http://www.oocities.org/wellesley/3351/vandyke.html
http://www.wikihow.com/Crochet-in-the-Round
richardrrr.blogspot.com