Introduction to

PROSPER
“Introduction and Application Integrated
Production Modeling Software”
By Monas Oktavianus Purba
ARM Reservoir Engineer – PT. CPI

Feb 24th, 2018

IATMI SM Islamic University of Riau
 Outlines

• Introduction to PROSPER
– General Overview
– Workflow
– Tool demonstrations, example and exercises

2
 About PROSPER

Link to PETEX PROSPER http://www.petex.com/products/?ssi=3

3
 About PROSPER

• PROduction and System PERformance analysis

• With PROSPER detailed flow assurance can be
studied at well and surface pipeline level.
• PROSPER provides unique matching features
which tune PVT, multiphase flow correlations and
IPR to match measured field data, allowing a
consistent model to be built prior to use in
prediction (sensitivities or artificial lift design).
• PROSPER has evolved into the industry
standard for well and pipeline modelling due to
it’s unrivalled sound technical basis and unique
modelling capabilities

Link to PETEX PROSPER http://www.petex.com/products/?ssi=3

4
 About PROSPER

Production System Analysis

▪ Inflow performance models Artificial Lift System
(IPR)s
Well Types Analysis and Design
▪ Horizontal well with pressure
▪ Electric Submersible
drop in well ▪ Gas, oil, water, Pump - ESP
▪ Multi-layer with pressure drop
in well condensate, steam, ▪ Gas Lift
▪ Hydraulic fracture injection wells ▪ Hydraulic Pumps - HSP
▪ Time dependent IPR ▪ Progressive Cavity Pumps
▪ Multi-laterals ▪ Naturally flowing
- PCP
▪ Dual porosity ▪ Artificially lifted ▪ Jet Pumps
▪ Outflow
▪ Pipe stability calculations ▪ Multi-layer ▪ Beam Pumps - Rod
▪ Proprietary well pressure ▪ Multi-lateral ▪ Design new artificial lift
drops model - PVT - Oil, Gas, systems
Condensate - Black Oil or ▪ Angled and ▪ Verify the efficiency of
Fully Compositional horizontal existing system.
▪ Tubing and pipeline quality
check
▪ Sensitivity analysis

5
 PROSPER Workflow

Select Set Up and Input System

Start Model Match PVT Equipment
Options Model and IPR

Match IPR and VLP

Review Design
No

VLP Consistent?

Calculate System
Sensitivities

Performance Acceptable?

Finish

6
 PROSPER Example: Well ABC

Test data 1 June 2015: Match PVT:

▪ WHP: 140 psig

▪ Gas Rate: 2.82 MMSCFD

IPR Curve

IPR Selected: “C and n” Matched VLP & IPR:

▪ Matched “C” and “n” 0.125 and PROSPER result: 2.83 MMSCFD
0.8 respectively

IPR Curve

VLP Curve

7
 Basic Model Review – PROSPER Main Screen

Introduction
• PROSPER Workflow
– Define Model Type
– Define Fluid (PVT)
– Define Reservoir (IPR)
– Define Completion
– Define/Match Tubing
Correlation (VLP)
– Perform Calculation
• Perform Designs
• Run Sensitivities
• Optimize Production

8
 System Options

Model Setup
• Fluid Description
• Well
• Artificial Lift
• Calculation Type
• Well Completion
• Reservoir

9
PVT

10
 PVT

Importance of PVT in PROSPER

• PROSPER uses fluid properties to solve for reservoir deliverability and multiphase flow
energy balance equations to determine well flow rates for various conditions.

• Reservoir Deliverability (IPR)

1. – Darcy’s Law for single phase flow in a porous media

• Vertical lift performance (VLP)

2. – Vogel empirical equation for inflow below bubble point

3. – Single phase pressure gradient expression

4. – Multiphase energy
balance equation.

11
 PVT
Importance of PVT in PROSPER
• To demonstrate the importance of PVT on rate predictions, reservoir
deliverability was calculated for various combinations of viscosity, formation
volume factor, solution gas oil ratio and bubble point correlations.
• Calculated results for AOF vary from ~ 10% to an order of magnitude in
some cases.
Input Data
GOR (scf/stb) 800
Absolute Open Flow calculated using Darcy’s law (bopd)
Oil Gravity (oAPI) 32
Bo,Rs,Pb
Gas Gravity (s.g.) 0.7
Viscosity Glaso Standing Lasater Vazquez-Beggs Petrosky Al-Mahoun
Reservoir Pressure (psi) 5000 Beal et al 18147.6 18257.1 18706.0 16786.6 17644.6 17715.4
Reservoir Temp (oF) 200 Beggs et al 18259.2 18086.1 18246.4 17113.5 17909.6 17942.0
Permeability (md) 100 Petrosky et al 15383.8 15283.2 15513.9 14495.4 15104.2 15123.6
Thickness (ft) 50 Egbogah et al 5143.9 5055.6 5092.0 4903.2 5093.7 5088.0
Water Cut (%) 0 Bergman Sutton 44551.0 44718.0 45761.0 41407.7 43427.2 43566.2
Drainage Area (acres) 500
Dietz Shape Factor 31.6
Wellbore Radius (ft) 0.354

12
 PVT
P-T Phase Diagram for Various Reservoirs
3500
Bubble point or dissolved gas Dew point or gas Single
reservoirs condensate reservoirs phase gas
reservoirs
3000

Cricondenbar
Reservoir Pressure (psi)

2500

2000

1500

1000

500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Reservoir Temperature (deg F)

13
 PVT

Hydrocarbon Fluid Types

▪ Dry Gas: Occurs when the reservoir temperature is greater than the
cricondentherm and the surface/transport conditions are outside the two phase
envelope.

▪ Wet Gas: Occurs when the reservoir temperature is greater than the
cricondentherm but the surface conditions are in the two phase envelope.

▪ Retrograde Condensate: When the reservoir temperature is less than the

cricondentherm and greater than the critical temperature.

▪ Black & Volatile Oils: Occurs when the reservoir temperature is less than the
mixture critical point.

14
 PVT

PROSPER Fluid Options:

• Oil & Water
– This option is used to model both oil and water producer or injectors. It uses
black oil correlations to characterize the fluid phase behavior at required
pressures and temperatures
• Wet & Dry Gas
– This model applies to most gas wells. The condensate production is included
in the gas stream as an increase in density - the flow remains single phase gas
plus free water if present. The separator temperature is assumed to be the
same as the top node temperature.
• This assumption has implications in the flow correlation matching section.
• Retrograde Condensate
– This model predicts liquid dropout taking place in the tubing. The reservoir gas
gravity is determined assuming the principle of mass balance using an
equivalent density of the oil.

15
 PVT

• Solution GOR
– This is the solution GOR at the bubble point and
should not include any free gas production.
• Oil Gravity
– This is the gravity of the oil or condensate
obtained by flashing the total fluid to standard
conditions.
• Gas Gravity
– This is the GOR weighted average gas density
of the gas relative to air at standard conditions
for the gas liberated.
• Water Salinity
– This is the salinity of the formation water ▪ Mole percent H2S, N2 & CO2
expressed in ppm equivalent. Use pressure – These represent the molar percentage of the
correction options above 6000 psi. impurities in the gas stream separated at
standard conditions.
▪ Correlation
– Allows selection of the PVT correlation to
describe the fluid properties

16
 PVT

• Tables
– If detailed PVT data is available for different temperatures
it can be entered using tables. PROSPER will interpolate
within the tables, and use selected correlations outside
the tables.
• Match Data
– This is used to enter laboratory data to match various
correlations to.
• Regression
– Once the match data is entered use the Regression
option to modify the standard correlations to match the
measured data.
• Correlations
▪ Save
– This allows the user to view the quality of the correlation
matches and select the most representative correlation . ▪ Allows the user to save the PVT data as a
• Calculate different file if required.

– Used to calculate fluid properties over a specified range of ▪ Import

temperatures and pressures.
▪ Loads a saved PVT file.

▪ Composition
▪ Displays an equivalent composition which can
replicate the black oil properties
17
 PVT Model Recommendations

• Only Limited PVT Data

– Enter only basic data on PVT input screen and select representative correlation based
on API
• Limited PVT Data & Some Laboratory Measured Data
– Enter basic data on PVT input screen
– Enter PVT laboratory data and match correlations to the data
– Review the matches and select the correlation that most closely matches the
laboratory data
– Select these correlations
• Extensive Laboratory Data
– Select tables and enter table data
• PROSPER Interpolates between table entries, therefore tables must be provided for
a number of temperatures
• If only a single temperature is available, it is recommended to us the Limited PVT
workflow.

18
 PVT Review Questions

Exercise 1. Fluid Identification

▪ An exploration well was completed with perforations in three separate intervals. Initial pressure at mid
perforations (10,500 ft TVDSS) was 5,600 psi at 302oF. The first 24 hour production test produced a
dark colored fluid with the following information.
Qo = 1,969 STB,
Qg = 9.14 MMscf
GOR 4,639 scf/sepbbl,
Oil Gravity = 28oAPI.
• On the basis of these data what best describes the well fluid?

Exercise 2. Correlation Usage

An oil well produces at a total GOR of 800 scf/stb. gg = 0.85 and oil gravity = 36o API. The reservoir
pressure is 4,000 psi at 7000ft-TVDSS.
a. Calculate the density of the gas and of the reservoir oil at 4000 psi at 190oF. (Lasaster & Beal: Gas
16.42 and Oil 42.48)
b. Calculate the formation volume factor at reservoir conditions for this fluid.(Bo 1.45)
c. Calculate the viscosity of this fluid at reservoir conditions.(oil 0.46 cp and 0.02 cp)

19
IPR

20
 IPR

• Reservoir Pressure
– Current reservoir pressure
– Used in IPR equation and to determine PVT properties for the
selected model
• Reservoir Temperature
– Average reservoir temperature
– Used to calculate PVT properties for the model
• Water Cut
– Used to modify the deliverability due to relative permeability
effects.
• Total GOR
– This is the GOR to be used to develop the IPR. It includes
solution and free gas.
• Compaction Permeability Reduction Model
– Used to reduce permeability as pressure decreases
• Relative Permeability
– Used to adjust calculated IPR for multiphase flow.

21
 IPR

• Validate ▪ Export
– Checks the data on the current screen. If data is not valid, – Can export current data to a printer, clipboard or
the validation dialog appears with the diagnostic messages. file
• Calculate
▪ Sensitivity
– Saves and validates all the data pertaining to the chosen
model, then runs the correct calculation routine if the data – Allows various combinations of model data to be
are valid. On successful completion of the calculation the calculated and plot for sensitivity studies
results are plotted.
▪ Transfer Data
• Plot
– Saves and validates all the current data before
– Will produce a plot of the current model with the last
opening a standard ‘File Save As’ dialog that
calculated data
gives you an opportunity to save the data to file in
• Test Data MBAL input format (MIP) or to GAP if GAP is
– This screen enables you to enter real test data to plot open.
against the calculated values.
• Report
– Enters the PROSPER reporting system. The report
produced will depend on the current model choices

22
IPR

Reservoir Model Types:

• A range of model options are available in
PROSPER, common one:
– PI Entry
– Darcy
– Multilayer
• Model selection is based on the type of
sensitivities being investigated
• All have different data requirements
• All require an average reservoir pressure
estimate
– Multirate Fetkovich & Multirate Jones can
be used to calculate reservoir pressure.

23
 IPR

• Mechanical & Geometrical Skin

– Calculates skin based on mechanical and
geometrical assumptions.
– 3 models are available
• Locke
• MacLeod
• Karakas + Tariq
• Deviation & Partial Penetration
– Calculates skin due to well deviation and partial
penetration.
– 2 models are available
• Cinco / Martin-Bronze
• Wong-Clifford (for deviations > 65o)

24
 IPR Exercises

Exercise 1. Building a Darcy well inflow model

Using the data provided below, build a Darcy model and answer the
following questions.
a.What is this well’s AOF? 2915
b.During a well test we obtained a rate of 1100 stbopd at a flowing downhole
pressure of 1504 psi. What skin would we need to match this test result? 2.8
c.What would the equivalent PI be for this well? 1.04
d.What is the AOF for the matched IPR 2186

25
 Ex.1 Building a Darcy well inflow model

Reservoir Properties:

Reservoir Pressure = 2550 psi, Reservoir Temperature = 188oF, Average Permeability = 44md

Average Net Pay = 190 ft, Average Porosity = 26%, Well Drainage Area = 640 acres

Shape Factor = 31.6, Wellbore Radius = 0.354ft, skin = 0

Water Depth = 200ft Water Cut = 0%

Reservoir Fluid Properties:

Solution GOR = 208, Oil Gravity = 28.99, Gas Gravity = 0.971, Water Salinity =150,000 ppm

Mole % CO2 = 0.18, Mole % N2 = 0.18, Bubble Point = 1080 psig @ 188oF

Pressure GOR Bo Oil Viscosity

(psi) (scf/stb) (RB/STB) (cp)
100 20.04 1.082 7.07
300 68.7 1.107 5.27
450 101.14 1.122 4.8
600 128.81 1.133 4.44
800 162.2 1.147 4.11
1000 192.73 1.159 3.89
1080 208 1.165 3.81
1400 208 1.162 3.99
2200 208 1.153 4.43
2566 208 1.15 4.64
26
 IPR Exercises

Exercise 2. Building a Multirate C & n inflow model for gas wells

Using the data provided for exercise 2 below, build a multirate C & n
model and answer the following questions.
a.What is this well’s AOF? 1037
b.What is the average reservoir pressure? 4060 psi

27
Ex.2 Building a Multirate C & n inflow model for
gas wells
• Reservoir Fluid Properties:
• Reservoir Fluid = Dry Gas, Separator Pressure = 1000 psig, CGR = 10 STB/MMscf
• Oil Gravity = 44o API Gas Gravity = 0.77, Water Salinity =100,000 ppm

Reservoir Properties:

Reservoir Temperature = 302oF, Water Gas Ratio = 0 STB/MMscf

Well Test Data:

FBHP (psig) Rate (MMscf/d)

3600 250
3000 500

28
Equipment Description

29
 Equipment Description

• Deviation Survey & Filter

– Used to enter up to 20 pairs of measured and true vertical depths
to describe the well deviation
– The deviation survey filter can be used to import raw survey data
and automatically select the 20 most important points
• Surface Equipment
– The surface equipment is used describe the pipe and choke data
between the wellhead and the separator.
• Downhole Equipment
– The downhole equipment is used to describe the 18 most
important completion components between the wellhead to the
reservoir.
• Geothermal Gradient
– The geothermal gradient is used to enter the static formation
temperature.
• Average Heat Capacities
– The average heat capacity tab is used to enter desired valves for
oil, water and gas heat capacities.

30
System Analysis

31
 System Analysis

• Inflow
– Calculates an IPR for the selected reservoir model for a
range sensitivities
• System
– Calculates both the VLP and IPR to determine the system
operating rate for a range of sensitivities
• Gradient
– Calculates flowing pressure gradient curves at specified
flow rates.
• VLP
– Calculates VLP for either sensitivity analysis or for
generating tubing lift curves for reservoir simulation
• Tubing & Pipeline Correlation Comparison ▪ VLP/IPR Matching
– Used to determine best correlation for specific wells ▪ Used to match the VLP and IPR to recorded test
– Used to quality check the well test data rates

• Gradient Matching ▪ Generate for GAP

– Matches selected multiphase flow correlations to selected ▪ Used to generate lift curves for use in GAP
test data using non-linear regression
▪ BHP From WHP
▪ Allows you to calculate flowing bottomhole
pressure from the wellhead pressure

32
 General Info/Tips

• Casing depth = Top most perf (Most engineers miss this)

• Missing FBHP, how to come up with model validation
• Composite Reservoir Pressure, for multi-layer reservoir
• Skin options/scenario

33
VLP Recommended Variables

34
 Last Node = Top Perf (Always)

Last node always refer to Top most perforation and is the reference
depth for IPR and VLP!!

35
 No FBHP Data, what should I do?

• The common issue we have when dealing with validation in PROSPER is that
we don’t commonly have FBHP data, only WHP and Reservoir Pressure and
Rate.
• Therefore in the absence of FBHP data for validation there is a little bit tricky
how we should do the validation.
• The recommended approach from IPM Experts can be used as a guideline.

36
 Tips: 3 Ways to Estimate FBHP
1. From System Calculation (VLP&IPR)

2. From Gradient

3. From VLP (Calculation)

Using Exercise-6 can you
show the FBHP from this 3
approach? How do they
look?

37
 How to Estimate Composite Pr from Multilayer?

• Example from multi-layer injection in Heavy Oil Disposal Well Duri below:

Calculate IPR and choose the

IPR Calc. Result (composite
reservoir pressure)

38