DESIGN AND FABRICATION

OF
PNEUMATIC SPEED BREAKER WITH DAY NIGHT CONTROL

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

C.ASHOK
R.ASHWIN
E.GIRITHARAN
M.HARIKRISHNA

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI SAIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI-600044

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025
APRIL 2016

1
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that this project report titled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
PNEUMATIC SPEED BREAKER WITH DAY NIGHT CONTROL” is the bonafide work
of

C.ASHOK (412513114024)
R.ASHWIN (412513114026)
E.GIRITHARAN (412513114057)
M.HARIKRISHN (412513114068)

Who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. A. RAJENDRA PRASAD Mr.K.TRINATH
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
Sri Sairam Engineering College, Sri Sairam Engineering College,
Chennai – 600044 Chennai - 600044

Submitted for viva-voce examination held on _____________________ at Sri Sairam

engineering college, Chennai -44

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere and heartfelt thanks to our beloved founder
Chairman Shri MJF.Ln.LEO MUTHU and Chief Executive Officer Mr.SAI PRAKASH LEO
MUTHU for providing excellent facilities to do project work in our College.
We also express our sincere thanks to our Principal Dr.C.V.JAYAKUMAR for his
constant support .They have always been of great support to student in making innovative
projects. Their encouragement serves as the source of inspirations to us.
With immense pleasure and deep sense of gratitude we wish to express our thanks to
our HOD Dr.A.RAJENDRA PRASAD, for his excellent support and encouraging us to
undertaken this project.
We would also express our sincere thanks to Mr. K.TRINATH, Associate Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering for guiding us unconditionally in our project and giving
valuable suggestions during the course of our project.
We would like to thank our project coordinator Mr. R.ASHOK GANDHI, Associate
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering for his excellent support and encouragement
on doing this project.
We thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of our Department of
Mechanical Engineering for their instructions and guidance.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT 6

2. INTRODUCTION 7

3. LITERATURE REVIEW 8

4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS 9
3.1 Mild steel 10
3.2 Machine construction 11
3.3 Manufacturing
Process steps 12
3.3.1 Metal Cutting 13
3.3.2 Sawing 15
3.3.3 Welding 16
3.3.4 Drilling 20

5. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION 23

4.1 Speed Brake arrangement 23

4.2 pneumatic cylinder 24
4.3 Solenoid valve 27
4.4 LDR sensor 32

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6. LAYOUT OF THE MODEL 33

7. WORKINK PRINCIPLE 34

8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 35

9. APPLICATION & FUTURE SCOPE 36

10. LIST OF MATERIALS 37

11. CONCLUSION 38

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PNEUMATIC SPEED BREAKER WITH DAY NIGHT CONTROL

CHAPTER-1

ABSTRACT

Here we are fabricating the model pneumatic speed breaker with day
night control. Nowadays traffic has increased as the use of vehicle has increasing
day to day. We require speed breaker to slow down the vehicles which are traveling
at high speed. In certain areas at day time traffic may be heavier than night time.
So we require speed brake only during the day time and not at night. For this
purpose, this project gives a solution. This equipment consists of pneumatic
cylinder, Speed breaker setup, solenoid valve, LDR, proximity Sensor and Control
unit.

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 CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION

According to the NATPAK report of road accidents 2009, India ranks

2nd in the number of persons killed in road accidents and among the Indian states
Kerala ranks 2nd. According to their findings, carelessness of the drivers, improper
and nonscientific construction of roads and speed breakers, over speeding and
ineffective traffic management contributes about72% of the total number of
accidents.
Employing speed bumps in order to slow traffic has been a popular
choice for neighborhoods and government agencies throughout the U.S. In the
past twelve years, one city for instance has installed 300 speed bumps. The
reaction has been very mixed.
Guidelines I found that are used to determine if speed bumps are
necessary and should be installed on a road is if there are approximately 600-5000
cars traveling that road. Our subdivision hardly fits into that category.
While speed bumps are proven somewhat effective in slowing
average traffic speed, they also have drawbacks that must be considered. The first
is noise.
Researchers of one study estimated that the undulation of cars
passing over the speed bumps increased the volume of car noise by 10 to 20
decibels. Another test found that cars driving over the bumps at 10-15 MPH had a
noise level equal to a car traveling 25-30 MPH. Trucks passing over the bumps at
5 to 10 MPH had a noise level equal to a truck going 25-30 MPH. The study
concluded that the slower speed made the noise last over a longer period of time.

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 CHAPTER-3

LITERATURE REVIEW

SPEED-BREAKER EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (Soshant Bali, Sanjit Kaul,

Mohit Jain, Ajeet Pal Singh)
There is evidence to support the claim that speed breakers can cause
accidents and injury. When a vehicle approaches a speed-breaker at a speed greater
than some threshold velocity, the risk of accident or injury is substantial. Speed-
breakers are inconspicuous in low visibility conditions, like at night, or when there
is fog, rain or snow. This problem is particularly acute in developing countries
where speed-breakers don’t always accompany warning signs. We propose an early
warning system that uses a smartphone based application to alert the driver in
advance when the vehicle is approaching a speed breaker. In addition, the
application constantly monitors the smartphone accelerometer to detect previously
unknown speed-breakers. The proposed detection algorithm is easy to implement
because it does not require accelerometer reorientation. This is one of the main
contributions of our work since previous approaches have used expensive
computations to reorient the accelerometer. The algorithm was evaluated using 678
Km of drive data, which involved 22 different drivers, 5 different types of vehicles
(bus, auto rickshaw, cycle rickshaw, motorcycle, and car), and 4 smartphones. The
results are very promising and can be further improved by aggregating detection
reports from multiple smartphones.

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 CHAPTER-4

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
Proposed Work:
To prepare any machine part, the type of material should be properly
selected, considering design, safety and following points. The selection of material
for engineering application is given by the following factors:-
1) Availability of materials.
2) Suitability of the material for the required components.
3) Suitability of the material for the desired working conditions.
4) Cost of the materials.
In addition to the above factors the other properties to be considered while
selecting the material are as follows:-
Physical properties:-
These properties are color, shape, density, thermal conductivity, electrical
conductivity, melting point etc.

Mechanical properties:-
The properties are associated with the ability of the material to resist the
mechanical forces and load.
The various properties are:-
i) Strength: It is the property of material due to which it can resist the external
forces without breaking or yielding.

9
ii) Stiffness: It is the ability of material to withstand the deformation under stress.
iii) Ductility: It is the property of material due to which it can be drawn into wires
under tensile load.
iv) Malleability it is the property of material which enables it to be rolled into
sheets.
vi) Brittleness it is the property of material due to which it breaks into pieces with
little deformation.
vii) Hardness: It is the property of material to resist wear, deformation and the
ability to cut another material.
viii) Resilience: It is the ability of the material to store energy and resist the shock
and impact loads.
ix) Creep: It is the slow and permanent deformation induced in a part subjected to a
constant stress at high temperature. We have selected the material considering the
above factors and also as per the availability of the material. The materials which
cover most of the above properties are

MILD STEEL:
Why steel, in particular simply because, in my humble opinion, it is the
greatest material mankind has for construction. It is cheap, strong, readily
available, easily cut, joined, and formed. Wood can be light and stiff, but not very
strong.
The best aluminum is strong and light, but very difficult to join. Titanium is superb
in terms of strength to weight ratio and stiffness but it’s incredibly expensive,
difficult to obtain, and even more difficult and expensive to machine properly.

10
There’s no way you’re ever going to perform a battery-welded-fix on a part made
from 7075-T6 aluminum or titanium.
In the end we come back to steel from mild carbon to some of the more
exotic alloy steels pound for pound it is the most righteous material available for
our needs. Where does steel come from? Steel is not a naturally occurring
substance - it is entirely manmade. Steel is chiefly a combination of two naturally
occurring elements: iron and carbon (along with small amounts of other elements -
depending on the steel in question).
MACHINE CONSTRUCTION:
The machine is basically made up of mild steel.Reasons:1. Mild steel is
readily available in market2. It is economical to use3. It is available in standard
sizes4. It has good mechanical properties i.e. it is easily machinable5. It has
moderate factor of safety, because factor of safety results in unnecessary wastage
of material and heavy selection. Low factor of safety results in unnecessary risk of
failure6. It has high tensile strength7. Low co-efficient of thermal expansion
Properties of Mild Steel: M.S. has a carbon content from 0.15BRIGHT
MATERIAL.
It is a machine drowned. The main basic difference between mild steel and
bright metal is that mild steel plates and bars are forged in the forging machine by
means is not forged. But the materials are drawn from the dies in the plastic state.
Therefore the material has good surface finish than mild steel and has no carbon
deposits on its surface for extrusion and formation of engineering materials thus
giving them a good surface finish and though retaining their metallic properties
poor, but perhaps useful metaphor may be the use of fibre-mat and resin in fibre
glass work. The bulk raw material of fiberglass is the fibre matting (as iron is to
steel) - but by itself the matting is of no practical use. Not until we add the resin to

11
it to make fibre glass (as we add carbon to iron to make steel) do we get a useful
product.
In both cases, neither raw material is much use alone, but combines them nor
do we really have something. Similarly, though carbon may only be present in
small quantities, Justas the amount of hardener added to fibre glass resin has a
profound effect on the material, so does the small amount of carbon present in
useful metallic iron and steel

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES STEPS

Manufacturing processes are the steps through which raw materials are
transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the
creation of the materials from which the design is made. These materials are then
modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.
Manufacturing processes can include treating (such as heat treating or coating),
machining, or reshaping the material. The manufacturing process also includes
tests and checks for quality assurance during or after the manufacturing, and
planning the production process prior to manufacturing.

12
METAL CUTTING:

Metal cutting or machining is the process of by removing unwanted material

from a block of metal in the form of chips.

13
 Cutting processes work by causing fracture of the material that is processed.
Usually, the portion that is fractured away is in small sized pieces, called chips.
Common cutting processes include sawing, shaping (or planning), broaching,
drilling, grinding, turning and milling. Although the actual machines, tools and
processes for cutting look very different from each other, the basic mechanism for
causing the fracture can be understood by just a simple model called for orthogonal
cutting.

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SAWING:
Cold saws are saws that make use of a circular saw blade to cut through
various types of metal, including sheet metal. The name of the saw has to do with
the action that takes place during the cutting process, which manages to keep both
the metal and the blade from becoming too hot. A cold saw is powered with
electricity and is usually a stationary type of saw machine rather than a portable
type of saw.

15
 The circular saw blades used with a cold saw are often constructed of high
speed steel. Steel blades of this type are resistant to wear even under daily usage.
The end result is that it is possible to complete a number of cutting projects before
there is a need to replace the blade. High speed steel blades are especially useful
when the saws are used for cutting through thicker sections of metal.

Along with the high speed steel blades, a cold saw may also be equipped
with a blade that is tipped with tungsten carbide. This type of blade construction
also helps to resist wear and tear. One major difference is that tungsten tipped
blades can be re-sharpened from time to time, extending the life of the blade. This
type of blade is a good fit for use with sheet metal and other metallic components
that are relatively thin in design.

WELDING:

Welding is a process for joining similar metals. Welding joins metals by

melting and fusing 1, the base metals being joined and 2, the filler metal applied.
Welding employs pinpointed, localized heat input. Most welding involves ferrous-
based metals such as steel and stainless steel. Weld joints are usually stronger than
or as strong as the base metals being joined.

16
 Welding is used for making permanent joints. It is used in the manufacture
of automobile bodies, aircraft frames, railway wagons, machine frames, structural
works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general repair work and ship building.

OPERATION:

Several welding processes are based on heating with an electric arc, only a
few are considered here, starting with the oldest, simple arc welding, also known
as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) or stick welding.

17
 In this process an electrical machine (which may be DC or AC, but
nowadays is usually AC) supplies current to an electrode holder which carries an
electrode which is normally coated with a mixture of chemicals or flux. An earth
cable connects the work piece to the welding machine to provide a return path for
the current. The weld is initiated by tapping ('striking') the tip of the electrode
against the work piece which initiates an electric arc. The high temperature
generated (about 6000oC) almost instantly produces a molten pool and the end of
the electrode continuously melts into this pool and forms the joint.

18
 The operator needs to control the gap between the electrode tip and the work
piece while moving the electrode along the joint.

Electrodes:

In the shielded metal arc welding process (SMAW) the 'stick' electrode is
covered with an extruded coating of flux. The heat of the arc melts the flux which
generates a gaseous shield to keep air away from the molten pool and also flux
ingredients react with unwanted impurities such as surface oxides, creating a slag
which floats to the surface of the weld pool. This forms a crust which protects the
weld while it is cooling. When the weld is cold the slag is chipped off.
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 The SMAW process cannot be used on steel thinner than about 3mm and
being a discontinuous process it is only suitable for manual operation. It is very
widely used in jobbing shops and for onsite steel construction work. A wide range
of electrode materials and coatings are available enabling the process to be applied
to most steels, heat resisting alloys and many types of cast iron.

DRILLNG:
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool, often
multipoint. The bit is pressed against the work piece and rotated at rates from
hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting edge
against the work piece, cutting off chips (sward) from the hole as it is drilled.

OPERATION:

The geometry of the common twist drill tool (called drill bit) is complex; it
has straight cutting teeth at the bottom – these teeth do most of the metal cutting,
20
and it has curved cutting teeth along its cylindrical surface. The grooves created by
the helical teeth are called flutes, and are useful in pushing the chips out from the
hole as it is being machined. Clearly, the velocity of the tip of the drill is zero, and
so this region of the tool cannot do much cutting. Therefore it is common to
machine a small hole in the material, called a center-hole, before utilizing the drill.
Center-holes are made by special drills called center-drills; they also provide a
good way for the drill bit to get aligned with the location of the center of the hole.
There are hundreds of different types of drill shapes and sizes; here, we will only
restrict ourselves to some general facts about drills.

Common drill bit materials include hardened steel (High Speed Steel,
Titanium Nitride coated steel); for cutting harder materials, drills with hard inserts,
e.g. carbide or CBN inserts, are used;
In general, drills for cutting softer materials have smaller point angle, while
those for cutting hard and brittle materials have larger point angle;

21
 If the Length/Diameter ratio of the hole to be machined is large, then we
need a special guiding support for the drill, which itself has to be very long; such
operations are called gun-drilling. This process is used for holes with diameter of
few mm or more, and L/D ratio up to 300. These are used for making barrels of
guns;

Drilling is not useful for very small diameter holes (e.g. < 0.5 mm), since
the tool may break and get stuck in the work piece; - Usually, the size of the hole
made by a drill is slightly larger than the measured diameter of the drill – this is
mainly because of vibration of the tool spindle as it rotates, possible misalignment
of the drill with the spindle axis, and some other factors;
For tight dimension control on hole diameter, we first drill a hole that is
slightly smaller than required size (e.g. 0.25 mm smaller), and then use a special
Type of drill called a reamer. Reaming has very low material removal rate,
low depth of cut, but gives good dimension accuracy.

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 CHAPTER-5

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

The block diagram of the speed brake power generation is shown in figure.

The main components of this project are,

Speed Brake arrangement

Solenoid valve

Double acting pneumatic cylinder

Frame

LDR sensor

SPEED BRAKE ARRANGEMENT:

This is made up of mild steel. The complete set up is fixed in a box.

The two L-angles frame is fixed in the above two ends of the box. Bellow this l-

angle window, the actual speed brake arrangement is constructed. This L-angle

window pushes the speed brake when the time of vehicle moving on these

arrangements.

DOUBLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

Cylinder is a device which converts fluid power into liner mechanical force
and motion. These cylinders are widely used in industrial pneumatic systems.

23
These cylinders are also called as linear motors and reciprocating motors
pneumatic cylinders are designed for a variety of services.
Pneumatic cylinders are designed for a variety of services. Pneumatic
cylinders transforms the flow of pressured fluid into a push or pull of the piston rod
since out system uses double acting cylinders we shall see some details about
them.
Double acting cylinders are in one in which fluid force can be applied to the
movable element in two directories. The force exerted by the compressed air
moves the piston in two directories in a double acting cylinder. They are used
particularly. The piston is required to perform work not only on the advance
movement but also on the return. In principle, the stroke length is unlimited,
although bucking and bending must be considered before we select a particular
size of piston diameter, rod length and stroke length.
The main component of any pneumatic system is the cylinder, which
receivers air under pressure and the pressurized air helps to move the piston to and
fro. The force acting on the piston will be equal to the product of the pressure of
air and the area of the cylinder.
The amount of air delivered into the cylinder into the cylinder decides the
rate of doing work. A cylinder is a hollow circular section with the top and bottom
flange provided to prevent the leakage of air.
The compressed air is used to actuate the piston. In order to move the piston
to and fro, the air is supplied to the top and bottom of the cylinder alternatively.
Cylinder is mainly classified into two types namely,
 Single acting cylinder.

 Double acting cylinder.

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 In single acting cylinder, using the spring provided around the piston rod
attains the return stroke, but it is not efficient. So, the double acting cylinder is
used in which the return stroke is attained using compressed air.
Double Acting Cylinder
In this the force exerted by the compressed air moves the piston in two
directions. They are used partially when the piston is required to perform work not
only on the advance movement but also on the return stroke. This principle, the
stroke length is unlimited, although bucking and bending must be considered
before selecting the particular size of piston diameter, rod length and stroke length.
DOUBLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:
• Stroke length : Cylinder stoker length 160 mm = 0.16 m

• Quantity : 1

• Seals : Nitride (Buna-N) Elastomer

• End cones : Cast iron

• Piston : EN – 8

• Media : Air

• Temperature : 0-80 º C

• Pressure Range : 8 N/m².

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER DESIGN:

Design of Piston rod:
Load due to air Pressure.

Diameter of the Piston (d) = 40 mm

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 Pressure acting (p)
Material used for rod
Yield stress (σy)
Factor of safety
Force acting on the rod (F)
F =
= 6 kgf/cm²
= 6 ×0.981
= 5.886 bar = 0.5886N/mm2
= C 45
(Data book page no 1.12)
= 36 kgf/mm²
= 36×98.1
= 3531.6 bar
= 353.16N/mm2
= 2(data book page.no 8.19)
= Pressure x Area
= p x (Πd² / 4)
= 0.5886 x {(Π x 40² ) / 4 }
739.6 N

Design Stress(σy) = σy / F0 S
= 353.16 / 2
= 176.5N/mm2
∴d = √4F/π [σy]
= √ (4×739.6)/ π[176.5]
∴ Minimum diameter of rod required for the load = 2.3 mm
We assume diameter of the rod = 15 mm
Length of piston rod:
Approach stroke = 160 mm
Length of threads = 2 x 20= 40mm
Extra length due to front cover = 12 mm

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 Extra length of accommodate head = 20 mm
Total length of the piston rod =160 + 40 + 12 + 20
= 232 mm
By standardizing, length of the piston rod = 230 mm.

SOLENOID VALVE
The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system.
Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in
the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of
its internal movable parts.
This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual
effort and also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by
means of using a solenoid valve. A solenoid is an electrical device that converts
electrical energy into straight line motion and force. These are also used to operate
a mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve mechanism.
Solenoids may be push type or pull type. The push type solenoid is one in
which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energized electrically. The pull
type solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.
The name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be
recognized when called upon to make repairs, to do service work or to install them.

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Working of Solenoid Valve
The solenoid valve has 5 openings. This ensure easy exhausting of 5/2
valve. The spool of the 5/2 valve slide inside the main bore according to spool
position; the ports get connected and disconnected. The working principle is as
follows.
Position-1
When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘P’ gets connected to
‘B’ and ‘S’ remains closed while ‘A’ gets connected to ‘R’
Poisition-2
When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’ gets
connected to each other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’ remains closed.
HOUSE AND FITINGS:
It is provided for the passage of compressed air from the compressor outlet
to the operating valve.

28
 Two separate pipes also connect the operating valve with the working
cylinder pressure drop through and airline depends on the flow rate, pipe diameter,
and pipe length and pipe geometry. It can be determined directly for straight pipes
of any given length. A small chaining bore size can have marked effect on pressure
drop, whereas even doubling the pipe length, will only result in doubling the
pressure drop.
Pressure drop through bends and fittings can only be determined by
empirical tests, since it is specific to the internal geometry involved. Rigid pipes
however are less manipulated through remain form of bends with arrangements
increase and variable air have to flow and the flow itself may be of fluctuating or
pulsating nature. In this case it is thus normally based on practical
recommendation.
FLOW CONTROL VALVE:
Flow Control Valves are fitted to all the distribution tubes. This valve is
made of brass. Both the ends have stepped surface to insert hoses. A handle is
provided to control the flow of oil in every valve.
(a) Technical Data:

Size : ¼”
Media : Air
Port size : 0.635 x 10 ֿ² m
Pressure : 0-8 x 10 ⁵ N/m²
Media : Air
Quantity : 1

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CONNECTOR:
• Max working pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

• Temperature : 0-100 º C

• Fluid media : Air

• Material : Brass.

HOSE SPECIFICATION:
• Max pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

• Outer diameter : 6 mm = 6 x 10 ˉ ³m

• Inner diameter : 3.5 mm = 3.5 x 10 ˉ ³m.

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(b) Purpose:
This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as a one
– way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way
and it can’t return back.
By using this valve, the time consumption is reduced because of the faster
movement of the piston.

Light Dependent Resistor

A light dependent resistor also known as a LDR, photoresist or,

photoconductor or photocell, is a resistor whose resistance increases or
decreases depending on the amount of light intensity. LDRs (Light
Dependent Resistors) are a very useful tool in a light/dark circuits. A LDRs

31
can have a variety of resistance and functions. For example, it can be used to
turn on a light when the LDR is in darkness or to turn o a light when the
LDR is in light. It can also work the other way around so when the LDR is
in light it turns on the circuit and when it’s in darkness the resistance
increase and disrupts the circuit.

WORKING OF LDR
The way an LDR works is that they are made of many semi-conductive
materials with high resistance. The reason they have a high resistance is that
are very few electrons that are free and able to move because they are held in
a crystal lattice and are unable to move. When light falls on the semi
conductive material it absorbs the light photons and the energy is transferred
to the electrons, which allow them to break free from the crystal lattice and
conduct electricity and lower the resistance of the LDR.

32
33
 CHAPTER-6
LAYOUT OF THE MODEL

34
 CHAPTER-7

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Our project automatic speed breaker is a new concept in this field and
its innovative too. The device mainly consists of a speed breaker which is operated
with the help of electric power. This system is mainly employed in the areas where
the need of speed breaker is restricted to certain specific timings in areas like
school and collage roads, theatre roads etc. and during the other hours the
inconvenience of the speed breaker can be removed by folding down the speed
breaker below the road surface. Hence they seem to be more effective in against
over speeding and helps in traffic management.
We know that the number of automobiles, especially in cities is
increasing at a tremendous rate so as the number of accidents due to over speeding.
We consider this topic for not only with the academic interest but also we take it as
our moral and social responsibility to reduce accidents with effective traffic
management. Mostly the speed breakers are employed near sensitive and highly
crowded areas like near schools and colleges, theater roads, shopping malls etc
which will be crowded with vehicles too. So continuous employment of ordinary
speed breakers creates much traffic block. but in such areas the use of speed
breakers is needed only for few peak hours. So this project can be effective and
useful in such areas.
This system is employed in countries like Germany, Austria, Sweden etc and
was found very effective there. Researches are in progress by various agencies of
government for the practical application of automated speed breaker in India.
Modifications in the automated speed breaker can be used by police and other
security agencies as they can be used as a big hindrance on the road against the
motion of vehicles in the cases of emergency situations.
35
 CHAPTER-8

ADVANTAGES

 Simple in construction
 Effective in avoiding accidents due to over speeding
 Effective in traffic management
 Easy to maintain
DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive
 Rust may occur on the screw rod
 Need of the electric power to run the motor

36
 CHAPTER-9

APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

APPLICATIONS:

Power generation using speed brake system can be used in most of the

places such as

All highways

All road ways Speed brake

FUTURE SCOPE:

This arrangement is slightly modified to construct in foot step and this

arrangement is fixed in

schools,

cinema theatres,

Shopping complex and

Many other buildings.

37
 CHAPTER-10

LIST OF MATERIALS

SL. NO. NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIAL QUANTITY

1 Speed brake arrangement Mild Steel 1

2 Solenoid valve Steel 1

3 Double acting pneumatic Steel 1

cylinder

4 Frame C.I 1

5 LDR sensor electronic 1

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 CHAPTER-11

CONCLUSION

This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use
our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding,
planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work.
We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between
institution and industries.

We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time
successfully. The project “PNEUMATIC SPEED BREAKER WITH DAY
NIGHT CONTROL” is working with satisfactory conditions. We are able to
understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also quality. We have
done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities.

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