Conceptual Plan & Environmental Management Plan: 1.1 Introduction & Project Summary

Project : Capital Highstreet (Bikaner) Conceptual Plan &
Promoter : Arham Realty LLP. Environmental Management Plan
CONCEPTUAL PLAN &

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
1.1 INTRODUCTION & PROJECT SUMMARY:
The proposed project involves the construction of commercial project “Capital High Street
(Bikaner), coming up at Khasra no. 43/19/3 & 44/19/4, village -Ridmalsar Purohitan,
Bikaner Rajasthan, promoted by Arham Realty LLP. The total plot area of the project is
5251.70 sq. m. and Gross built up area envisaged for the project is 23,970.92 sq. m. Thus,
the project requires prior Environmental Clearance under Item 8 (a) {Building &
Construction projects} of Schedule- EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments
thereafter from the State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority, Rajasthan.
As of now, as there is no duly constituted SEIAA (Rajasthan.), this case is to be dealt at

the MoEF & CC.
The proposed project involves the construction of commercial complex with 248 nos of
shops, 107 nos of kiosks, 42 nos of offices and other facilities such as multiplex, Hypermart,
food court etc.
Table 1.1: Project Summary

Items Details
Project address Khasra no. 43/19/3 & 44/19/4, village -Ridmalsar Purohitan Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Type of project Commercial Project (Building & Construction)
Screening category The project is categorized under 'B-2' under item 8(a) of Schedule – Gazette
Notification dated Sep 14th, 2006 and subsequent amendments there off.
Total Plot area 5251.70 sq. m.
Gross Built up area 23970.92 sq. m.
Ground coverage Permissible : 40% (2100.68 sq. m.)
Proposed : 37.87% (1988.99 sq. m.)
Green Area 5.14 % (269.76 sq. m.)
Maximum height 2nd B+1st B+LGF+GF + 7 floors
& number of floors Permissible Building Height : 31.2 m
Proposed Building Height : 30 m
Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

EIA Coordinator Authorized Signatory
Total number of Main units

units Kiosks : 107 nos.
Shops : 248 nos.
Office : 42 nos.
Other facilities
Multiplex : 776 seats (4 nos.)
Food courts : 152 seats (3 nos.)
Hypermart : 2172.86 sq. m.
Parking facilities Required Parking : 323 ECU
Proposed Parking : 325 ECU
Power requirement Connected load : 2601.1 KW
& source Maximum demand : 1794.1 KW
Source : JVVNL
Power backup DG sets of cumulative capacity 2220 kVA
1010 kVA : 2 nos.
200 kVA : 1 nos.
Water requirement Total Water requirement : 84 KLD
& source Fresh Water : 30 KLD
Recycled Water : 54 KLD
Source : Ground water supply
Sewage treatment Sewage treatment facility : STP of 100 KLD capacity
& disposal Waste water generated : 60 KLD
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENTS:
The Project is promoted by Arham Realty LLP. It is a Limited Liability Partnership

(LLP) firm. It is registered with Registrar of Companies, Jaipur on Jan 1, 2018.
Legal information:
Name of the company : Arham Realty LLP
Directors : Mr. Subhash Chand Jain
: Mr. Nihal Jain
: Mr. Ashok Kumar Jain
: Mr. Amit Jain
Registered address : S-33/34, JDA shopping centre, Amrapali circle, Jaipur

1.3 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES
 Patta has been obtained from urban Improvement Trust, Bikaner dated 12.08.2009.
 Letter regarding Extra B.A.R has been obtained from UIT, Bikaner dated 04.01.2018.
 Letter regarding Construction permission has been obtained from UIT, Bikaner dated
04.01.2018.
 Application for water assurance has been submitted.
1.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT & INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES:
The proposed project is coming up at khasra no. 43/19/3 & 44/19/4, Village -Ridmalsar
Purohitan Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Fig:-Location map
1.4.1 Details of other infrastructural facilities (aerial distance):
Nearest Railway Station : Bikaner Railway station 5.5 Km towards WSW

Nearest Airport : Bikaner Airport 16 km towards WNW

Geographical coordinates of the project are as under:

1. Point 1 2. Point 2
Latitude : 28°1‟12.74”N Latitude : 28°1‟9.08”N
Longitude : 73°22‟16.12”E Longitude : 73°22‟17.02”E
3. Point 3 4. Point 4
Latitude : 28°1‟8.74”N Latitude : 28°1‟12.50”N
Longitude : 73°22‟15.23”E Longitude : 73°22‟14.53”E
Fig. 2: Google map
1.5 PROJECT DETAILS:

The proposed project involves the construction of commercial complex with 248 nos of
shops, 107 nos of kiosks, 42 nos of offices and other facilities such as multiplex, Hypermart,
food court etc.

The details are tabulated as under:

S. No Particulars Details
1. Kiosks 107 nos.
2. Shops 248 nos.
3. Office 42 nos.
4. Multiplex 776 seats (4 screens )
5. Food court 152 seats (3 nos.)
1.5.1 Floor wise details:

S. No Floors Details
1. 2nd basement Parking, DG area ,STP Area
st
2. 1 Basement Parking, DG area, STP Area
3. Lower Ground Floor Hyper Mart : 2172.86 sq. m.
4. Ground Floor Parking
Shops : 80 nos.
5. First Floor Shops : 84 nos.
6. Second Floor Shops : 84 nos.
7. Third Floor Kiosk : 107 nos.
8. Fourth Floor Offices : 42 nos.
9. Fifth Floor Food court: 3 nos. ( sitting capacity :152)
10. Sixth Floor Multiplex : 4 screens (194 per theatre)
11. Seventh Floor (No of seats: 776 nos.)
1.5.2 Built Up Area Details:
S. No. Floor Name Built up area Ratio Projection , Balcony Gross Built up area
& Coverage Area (sq. m.)
1. 2nd Basement Plan - - 4005.57
2. 1st Basement Plan - - 4005.57
3. Lower Ground Floor 2172.86 - 2172.86
4. Ground Floor 1510.65 928.70 2439.35
5. 1st floor 1377.75 606.86 1984.61
6. 2nd floor 1377.75 606.86 1984.61
7. 3th floor 1377.01 607.61 1984.62
8. 4th floor 1371.47 382.58 1754.05
9. 5th floor 1541.58 309.40 1850.98

10. 6th floor 859.68 181.80 1041.48

11. 7th floor 506.59 67.09 573.69
12. Terrace 173.53 - 173.53
Total 12,268.86 3690.91 23,970.92
Total 15,959.77 23,970.92
2.1 PARKING REQUIREMENT:

Particulars BAR area or no of seats Basis No of ECUs
Commercial without Multiplex 13523.77 sq. m. 1 ECU per 75 sq. m. of BAR area 180
Multiplex 776 nos. 1car /10 Seats 78
Visitors - @25% of the total parking 65
Required Parking 323
A. Total ECU required : 323 ECU

B. Total ECU provided : 325 ECU
2.1.1 Details of the Parking provided:
S. No. Details Cars Two wheelers Total ECU

1. 2nd Basement 100 127 (42 ECU) 142
2. 1st Basement 94 121 (41 ECU) 135
3. Open Area 48 - 48
Total 242 248 (83 ECU) 325
2.2 POWER REQUIREMENT:

Power requirement for the proposed project is summarized as under:
Source of supply 33 kV JVVNL GSS
Electrical Load Connected load : 2601.1 KW
Maximum demand : 1794.1 KW
Transformer Number 2 no.
Capacity 1000 kVA each
DG Sets Number 3 nos.
Capacity 1010 kVA each (2 nos.)

200 kVA (1 no)

Fuel Used HSD (sulphur content: 0.05%)
Quantity 161.6 ltr/hr & 32 lt/hr respectively
2.2.1 ELECTRICAL DEMAND BREAK UP:
S. No. Description Connected Load in Kw Diversity Demand Load
1 SHOP
1.1 101 to 150 sqfit - 205No.@ 3kW 615 0.8 492
1.2 151 to 200 sqfit - 35No.@ 5kW 175 0.8 140
1.3 201 to 250 sqfit - 12No.@ 5kW 60 0.8 48
2 KIOSK
2.1 101 to 150 sqfit - 106No.@ 3kW 318 0.8 254.4
3 OFFICE
3.1 Up to 300 sqfit - 42No.@ 6kW 252 0.8 201.6
4 ADMIN AREA
4.1 Up to 300 sqfit - 2No.@ 6kW 12 0.8 9.6
5 4 No Theatre - @30 kW (Assumed) 120 0.75 90
6 Food Court-1 18 0.75 13
7 Food Court-2 18 0.75 13
8 Food Court-3 18 0.75 13
9 Hypermart Area 305 0.75 229
10 Misc. Load
10.1 Common area-49926sqft
Lighting @ 0.1 w /Sqfit 5.0 0.8 4.0
Utility Power @ 0.2w /Sqfit 10.0 0.8 8.0
10.2 Basement-84788 sqft
Lighting @ 0.1 w /Sqfit 8.5 0.8 6.8
Utility Power @ 0.2w /Sqfit 17.0 0.4 6.8
Ventilation 150 0.6 90
10.3 Escalator 5No.@12kW 60 0.8 48
10.4 Elevator 4No.@10kW 40 0.8 32
10.5 Plumbing 30 0.6 18
10.6 STP 50 0.6 30
10.7 Fire Fighting System (Dead Load) 250 0 0
10.8 Jockey Pump 20 0.8 16
10.9 External Lighting 50 0.6 30
Total 2601.1 1794.1

Over All Load Factor - o.8 1435.3

Main supply power factor -0.9 1595
85% Transformer load sharing 1876
Selected Transformer 2x 1000kVA
Vetilation 80
Cooling Tower 40
Total 1555.3
DG Set power factor -0.8 1944.1
90% DG Set load sharing 2160
Selected DG Set 2x 1010 + 1x200kVA
There will be power backup to common areas and essential services through a DG set of cumulative
capacity of 2220 kVA (3nos.) used in case of power cut or failure. DG set will be provided with an
effective safe stack height of 39 m for proper dispersion of pollutants that will keep the emissions
within the permissible limit. The fuel requirement will be of HSD (as and when used).
2.3 LIGHTING AND NATURAL VENTILATION DETAILS:
RECOMMENDED LUX LEVELS:

The recommended values of illumination (in Lux) as per the National Building Code of
India (2016) are as under:
S. No. Space Illumination Level (Lux)
i. Entrance 150-200-300
ii. Lifts 50-100-150
iii. Corridor, passageways, stairs 50-100-150
iv. Covered car par
 Floor 5-20
 Ramp and Corner 30
 Entrance and exits 50-100-150
v. Outdoor car park 5 – 20
RECOMMENDED VENTILATION LEVELS:

The recommended values of ventilation or Air Change as per the National Building Code of
India (2016) are as under:

S. No Particulars Air Change per hour

1. Commercial Shops 8-15
2. Cinema Hall of Multiplex 10-15
3. Offices 6-10
*Source: National Building Code, 2016
2.4 WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
2.4.1 POPULATION PROJECTION:
Particulars Nos. Basis Population

Main Population
Shops 7014.63 sq. m. @ 1 person per 6 sq. m. of upper sale floors* 1170
Fixed 10 % of the total population 117
Floating 90% of the total population 1053
Offices 1371.47 sq. m. @1 person per 10 sq. m. of floor area 137
Food court 152 seats - 152 seats
Hypermart 2172.86 sq. m. @1 person per 3 sq. m. of street floor and sales 724
basement areas
Fixed 10 % of the total population 72
Floating 90% of the total population 652
Multiplex 776 seats @1 person/seat 1410
Others
Staff 150
*Source: National Building Code, 2016
2.4.2 CRITERIA OF WATER DEMAND:
The daily water requirement for the proposed development will be 84 KLD (fresh water:
30 KLD and the recycled/reused water demand: 54 KLD).
Criteria of water demand are given as under:
S. No. Particulars Population Fresh water(KLD) Treated water (KLD) Total
1. Commercial 1894 14 KLD 21 KLD 35 KLD
a. Fixed 189 @ 25 lpcd : 5 KLD @20 lpcd : 4 KLD 9 KLD
b. Floating 1705 @ 5lpcd : 9 KLD @10 lpcd : 17 KLD 26 KLD
2. Multiplex 776 @ 5lpcd : 4 KLD @10 lpcd : 8 KLD 12 KLD

3. Food court 152 @ 25 lpcd : 4 KLD @10 lpcd : 2 KLD 6 KLD

4. Offices 137 @ 25 lpcd : 4 KLD @20 lpcd : 3 KLD 7 KLD
5. Staff 150 @ 25 lpcd : 4 KLD @20 lpcd : 3 KLD 7 KLD
6. Landscaping & general washing 17 KLD 17 KLD
Total 30 KLD 54 KLD 84 KLD
WATER BALANCE
11
Commercial 14 KLD 60 KLD
Fresh water Multiplex & Food court 6 Waste water Sludge &
8 KLD evaporation
30 KLD losses
Office & staff 6 S
8 KLD 6 KLD
T
P
37
STP treated Flushing 37 KLD
water Capacity
Landscaping & General 100 KLD

54 KLD
washing 17 KLD
Daily water demand: 84KLD

{30KLD (fresh) +54KLD (recycled/
reused water)}
Recycled/ reused for flushing, landscaping & general washing
Source: Fresh Water: Ground water supply

Treated Waste water: STP Treated Water
3.0 Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impacts
Environmental impact can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions,

adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under
consideration.
Various operations involved in the project have been studied in details to identify, predict
and evaluate impacts on various environmental components. The identified impacts were
quantified using mathematical models to a possible extent so as to estimate the future
environmental scenario.

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT
Air pollution has long been recognized as a brain storming issue worldwide. The onset of
technological and scientific innovations in various fields and diverse activities of human
race for its elegance have put extra load on the atmosphere by way of releasing air
pollutants like particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen
(NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and other organic as well as
inorganic pollutants including trace metals responsible for causing health consequences.
Entry of pollutants into the atmosphere occurs in the form of gases or particles.
Continuous mixing, transformation and trans-boundary transportation of air pollutants
make air quality of a locality unpredictable. The growth of population, industry and
number of vehicles and make the problem of air pollution still worse.
3.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
3.1.1.1 SOURCES OF POLLUTION:
1. Vehicular Exhaust:
The major source of pollution in construction phase will be vehicles carrying
construction material. Pollution load from the same is calculated as:
Pollution Load = No. of trucks × Emission Factors × Deterioration Factor
Due to movement of average 05 trucks short term pollution load is given in table:
Parameter Emission Factor Deterioration Factor Pollution Load
(g /km)* (g /km)* (g/km)
CO 4.5 1.33 29.92
NOx 1.21 1 6.05
SPM 0.8 1.595 6.38
SO2 0.15 1 0.75
HC 1.21 1 6.05
* Source: CPCB Publication, 1998

2. Emissions from Construction equipments:

The fugitive dust emission sources are:
 Excavation
 Haul road movements
 Construction
 Material Handling
 Finishing
Emissions factors for construction equipment are given in table below:
Equipment Emissions Factors (g/hr)
CO VOC NOX SOX PM10
Excavator 214.09 43.99 516.18 3.31 27.21
Backhoe/ Front end loader 190.05 56.69 370.13 1.58 37.64
Rubber tired crane 161.02 39.00 464.02 2.67 23.58
Hydraulic Crane 161.02 39.00 464.02 2.67 23.58
Concrete Vibrator 72.57 13.60 122.46 0 4.53
Paving Equipment 186.42 48.53 412.31 1.95 29.93
Roller/ Compactor 165.10 34.92 316.15 1.90 23.13
*Source: SCAQMD CEQA Handbook
3.1.1.2 MITIGATION MEASURES:
S. No. Guidance on Practices to reduce emission

1. Water Application Water will be applied to mitigate dust generation
2. Storage Piles  Storage pile activity will be conducted downwind
 Enclosures/ coverings will be used for storage piles
3. Vehicles &  Speed of vehicles will be reduced to avoid blowing of dust
Equipments  Proper lubrication of vehicles and machinery will be ensured to reduce
emissions
 Engines & exhaust systems will be properly maintained.
 Low sulphur diesel (HSD) will be used.
 Idling time will be eliminated/ reduced to the minimum
4. Material Handling  Mud and dirt track-out and carryout will be controlled properly.
& Transfer  Material drop will be minimized at the transfer point and enclosure
systems  PM emissions from spills will be prevented.

 Material handling operations will be minimized.

5. Road Surfaces  On-site vehicle restrictions will be established.
 Unpaved roads will be properly maintained.
3.1.2 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
The emission sources are mainly due to the diesel generator set of cumulative capacity
2220 kVA (3 no.) and vehicular emissions (two wheelers & four wheelers).
3.1.2.1 SOURCES OF POLLUTION:
a. DG sets:
Calculation of stack height of D.G. sets
DG Set of capacity 1010 kVA- 2 nos.:
The stack height of DG set is calculated as under:
H = h+0.2 (√capacity of the DG set in kVA)
= h+0.2 x (√2020)
= h+0.2 x 44.95 = 8.9 m say 9 m
= 30 m+9 m
= 39 m
DG Set of capacity 200 kVA- 1 nos.:

The stack height of DG set is calculated as under:
H = h+0.2 (√capacity of the DG set in kVA)
= h+0.2 x (√200)
= h+0.2 x 14.14= 2.8 m
=30 m +2.8 m
= 32.8 m
However, a safe stack height of 39 m above the roof of DG house will be provided.

b. Vehicular exhausts:
Parameter Emission rate per ECU (g/sec/m)
NOx 1.17 x 10-6
CO 1.46 x10-5
Emission Norms for 2/3 wheeler

Norms CO( g/km) HC+ NOx)(g/km)
1991Norms 12-30 8-12 (only HC)
1996 Norms 4.5 3.6
India stage 2000 norms 2.0 2.0
Bharat stage-II 1.6 1.5
Bharat Stage-III 1.0 1.0
Emission Norms for passenger cars

Norms CO( g/km) HC+ NOx) (g/km)
1991Norms 14.3-27.1 2.0 (only HC)
1996 Norms 8.68-12.40 3.00-4.36
1998 Norms 4.34-6.20 1.50-2.18
India stage 2000 norms 2.72 0.97
Bharat stage-II 2.2 0.5
Bharat Stage-III 2.3 0.35
Bharat Stage-IV 1.0 0.18
Source: CPCB Emission norms
3.1.3 AIR DISPERSION MODELING
3.1.3.1 Baseline Data for Air Dispersion Modelling
Regional meteorological scenario helps to understand the trends of the climatic factors. It
also helps in determining the sampling stations in predicting the post project
environmental scenario. Meteorological Scenario exerts a critical influence on air quality
as the pollution arises from the interaction of atmospheric contaminants with adverse
meteorological conditions such as temperature inversions, atmospheric stability and
topographical features like hills, canyons and valleys.
The critical weather elements that influence air pollution are wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, which together determines atmosphere stability. Hence it is an indispensable

part of any air pollution studies and required for interpretation of air dispersion modeling
results.
The maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, predominant
wind direction during the season considered are given in Table.
Table 1 Meteorological Data at the Region (IMD Bikaner) *

Wind Speed Predominant wind
Temperature (oC) R. Humidity (%) Rain fall
Period (km/hr) directions
Min Max Average Min Max (mm)
Dec 3.3 30.5 2.7 35 61 2.4
North and North East
Jan 2.4 28.8 3.4 33 68 6.2
Feb 5.3 32.4 4.0 27 61 9.0
* Climatological Normals 1981 – 2000, Indian Meteorological Department
3.1.3.2 Wind Pattern during the Season
Wind speed and direction data recorded during the study period is useful in identifying the
influence of meteorology on the air quality of the area. Based on the meteorological data obtained
from the region, wind roses that is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed and wind
direction along with their persistence for a fractional period of occurrence at a given location is
constructed.
Wind roses on sixteen sector basis have been drawn.
The winds were predominantly recorded from N & NE during the season. Averaged wind speed for
the period is 0.93 kmph.
The meteorological pre-processed data was used to determine its corresponding Wind Rose plot.
The Wind Rose plot of the region is given below in the Figure 2.

Fig: Windrose Plot
EMISSION INVENTORY
The emission sources are mainly due to the DG set as point source emission and vehicular
emissions due to ingress of 325 ECS approximately as line source emissions. Details of point
sources and emission factors are provided in Table below:-
Table 2 Emission Factors - Point Sources
Capacity Fuel Emission Factors #
S. No. Particulars of each DG Consumption
Set SO2 PM NOX CO NMHC
DG Set x 2 No. 1010 kVA 161 ltr/hour 75 mg/Nm3 1440 150 100
1 0.05 % of mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3
Sulphur in
DG Set x 1 No. 200 kVA 32 ltr/hour HSD 0.3 9.2 3.5 1.3
2
g/kw-hr g/kw-hr g/kw-hr g/kw-hr
# Emission Factors considered from and calculated based on The Environment (Protection) Third Amendment
Rules 2002, at serial No. 95 & 96, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Table 3 Emission Factors - Line Sources

Details Unit Quantity
Expected ECU Nos 325
Emission Rate of CO g/km/vehicle 3.01
Emission Rate of NOX g/km/vehicle 0.12
Emission Rate of PM g/km/vehicle 0.006
Emission rate based On “Emission Factor Development For Indian Vehicles by The Automotive
Research Association Of India”
Emission Estimates for Point Sources

HSD as fuel was considered to run DG sets and the emissions were calculated for half load. The sulphur
content in the fuel is assumed to be 0.05%. Emission estimates from point source emissions and line source
emissions are tabulated below in Table 5.
Table 4 Emission Estimates - Point Sources
Pollutant Emissions from each DG set

Stack Ht. Stack Stack (g/sec )
Stack Required Stack Stack
S to be Exit Exit
Attached Stack Dia. Flow rate
No. provided Velocity Temp
to Ht (m) (m) (m3/s) SO2 PM10 NOx CO NMHC
(m) (m/s ) ( oK )
DG Set –
1 2 X 1010 9m 39 0.30 16 523 1.13 0.088 0.944 1.356 0.140 0.70
kVA
DG Set –
2 3m 39 0.30 16 523 1.13 0.008 0.013 0.409 0.156 0.058
200 kVA
Required Stack height is based on The Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules 2002, at serial No. 95 & 96, under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Emission Estimates for Line Sources

The emission estimates for the vehicular sources are considered for the distance travelled from the Project
site to Main Road. The existing baseline traffic emissions were assumed to be obtained in the baseline
ambient air quality data. The details are provided in Table 6.
Table 5 Emission Estimates - Line Sources

Time Number
No. of Width
Vehicle for Capacity of of
Vehicles Distance of Road,
Type Vehicular Car, CC Vehicles
considered m
movement, Hr per Hour
Car 325 2.0 km 4 10 1000 - 1500 85

Air dispersion modelling methodology - Modelling approach

Prediction of impacts on air environment has been assessed by employing, USEPA approved Industrial
Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion mathematical model and CALINE-4 line source
model, developed by California Department of Transportation.
The impact on air quality is assessed based on emissions of the proposed housing project. Nitrogen
oxides and Sulphur dioxide will be the major pollutants emitting from the point sources (Diesel
Generator Sets) from proposed project.
Carbon monoxide and Nitrogen oxides will be the pollutants emitting from the line sources (Vehicular
Traffic) from proposed project.
Point Source
Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model based on steady state Gaussian plume
dispersion, designed for multiple point sources for short term has been used for predicting the ground
level concentrations due to the point sources in the housing project. This model can account for the
Point, sources, Settling and dry deposition of particles, Downwash, Separation of point sources and
Limited terrain adjustment. The computations deal with major pollutants viz., Sulphur dioxide and
Oxides of Nitrogen.
Line Source
The major pollutants expected from the traffic are Carbon monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. In order to
estimate the impacts, dispersion modelling has been carried out by using the air quality model CALINE-4
line source model, developed by California Department of Transportation. The model is based on
Gaussian diffusion equation and uses a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the
roadway. The model has been extensively tested for its predictive capability for traffic related air quality
impacts. Given the source strength, meteorology, site geometry and site characteristics, the model can
reliably predict pollutant concentrations for receptors located within 300-m of the roadway.
The averaging time for model predictions is restricted to 60 minutes. The averaging time is so selected
because the primary meteorological factors that influence the air quality predictions i.e., wind speeds and
directions do not remain steady for longer time periods. Also, during the peak traffic hours, the traffic
volumes typically show significant variations over periods longer than one hour.

CALINE 4 - Model Conditions
The following conditions were considered for the executing the CALINE 4 model. The table showing the
parameters and run conditions of CALINE are presented below in Table 7.
Table 6 CALINE - Run Conditions
S. No Details Particulars
1 Pollutants Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulates
2 Aerodynamic Roughness Coefficient Sub urban
3 Run Type Worst Case Wind Direction
4 Altitude above sea level 267 m
5 Receptors 10
6 Averaging period 1 hour
7 Wind Speed 1.1 m/s
8 Wind Direction North and North East
9 Ambient Temperature 280C
10 Atmospheric Stability Class 7
Dispersion Modelling Results

Incremental Ground Level Concentration
In the present case, model simulations have been carried out for the winter season period. The Ground
level concentrations are computed for 24-hr average for PM, SO2, NOX, and 1-hr average for CO & HC.
Maximum Ground level concentrations of various parameters due to point source are tabulated in Table
8. The predicted ground level concentrations due to the line source are provided in Table 9.
Table 7 Maximum Ground Level Concentration – Point Source
Maximum Distance (m) wrt Direction wrt

S. No. Parameter 3
GLC (µg/ m ) Project Site Project Site
Particulate Matter
1 0.086 1400 SW
(considering all PM as PM10)
2 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 0.058 1400 SW
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 1.58 1400 SW
4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.337 1400 SW
5 Hydrocarbons (HC) 0.227 1400 SW

Table Predicted Concentrations - Line Sources
Distance from the Edge of the Road Incremental Concentrations (µg/m3) at Stability F
(m) NOX CO PM
10 0.7 1.0 0.009
20 0.5 0.9 0.004
30 0.3 0.6 0.001
50 0.3 0.4 -
100 0.15 0.3 -
The isopleths and results of incremental ground level concentrations for PM, SO2, NOx, CO & HC
of the proposed project are given in Figure:-
Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of PM

Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of SO
Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of CO

Isopleths Showing Maximum Incremental Ground Level Concentrations of HC
Final Incremental GLCs on Baseline AAQM

The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed project for various parameters are superimposed on
the maximum baseline concentrations recorded during the study period. The cumulative concentrations
(baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table 10.
Table Incremental Ground Level Concentrations
Baseline Maximum Incremental NAAQS

S. No. Parameter
Levels (µg/ m3) GLC (µg/ m3) GLCs (µg/ m3) (µg/ m3)
1 Particulate Matter (PM10) 64.7 0.086 64.78 100
2 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 10.1 0.058 10.158 80
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 13.5 1.58 15.08 80
4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.802 0.337 1.139 4000 (1 Hr)
5 Hydrocarbons (HC) - 0.227 0.227 NS

3.1.4 MANAGEMENT PLAN
SOURCES MANAGEMENT
• Exhaust from D.G. sets • DG set conforming to the CPCB standards for noise will be used.
of cumulative capacity • D.G. sets will be provided with effective stack height of 39 m will
2220 kVA be provided.
• Low-sulphur-content fuel (HSD - Sulphur content 0.05%) will be
used.
• Vehicular exhausts • Sufficient width of driveways to ensure smooth traffic
especially congestions movements.
during peak traffic • Provisions of fully internalized parking including the parking
hours. facilities for the visitors.
• Guided traffic ways within the project site.
• Speed humps will be installed for speed restrictions inside the
project area.
3.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT:

3.2.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:

Best construction practices will be adopted to reduce the water demand for construction
activities:
 Use of curing water: Spraying of curing water and after liberal curing, all concrete
structures will be covered with gunny bags, followed by spraying of water.
 Use of polymer dispersion and air entraining agents to reduce the construction water
demand.
 Admixtures will be used to reduce water demand during construction.
 Discouraging the washing of vehicles and equipment on the construction site.
Workers will not be allowed to wash their personal vehicles on site. Vehicles and
equipment that regularly leave the construction site should be washed offsite.

MANAGEMENT PLAN:
SOURCES MANAGEMENT
 Generation of sewerage  Temporary septic tank followed by soak-pit will be provided.
 Un-captured run-off  The rain-water entering into the pit will be screened for the removal of
from the site may heavy silt and other materials.
contaminate ground  Provisions will be made to ensure the construction vehicles stick to
water aquifers. the access track to prevent mud & dirt being deposited on roads.
 Up slope water will be diverted and due care will be taken not to mix
mortar in locations that will drain into storm water system.
 Unsanitary conditions  The civil contractor will be made responsible for site sanitation and
during rainy season. will be bound by the management to adhere to healthy level of
sanitation.
 There will be no stagnant water at site, as the runoff from the relevant
areas will be systematically drained into the storm water line. There
will be provision of cleaning the storm water line periodically.
3.2.2 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE:

Daily water demand will be 84 KLD (fresh: 30 KLD + recycled: 54 KLD). The fresh
water demand will be met from Ground water supply.
3.2.3 WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:

Following water conservation techniques have been proposed for the project:
 Dual plumbing system will be adopted to utilize the treated waste water for flushing
(37 KLD), and landscaping and general washing (17KLD). This will help in
reducing the fresh water demand by 64%.
 Water meters will be installed for the following:
o Potable water consumption
o Landscape water consumption
o Treated waste water consumption
 Central shut off valve will be provided
 Sprinkler landscaping system will be used to conserve water

WASTE WATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT:
Approximate 60 KLD waste water will be generated which will be treated in STP of capacity 100
KLD, based on MBBR technology. Physico chemical characteristics of influent and effluent are
given as:
Stage wise characteristics along with the details of STP are given as under:
Parameters Unit Inlet Outlet

pH - 7.5 - 8.5 6.5-8.5
BOD mg/ l 250-450 <5
COD mg/ l 600-800 <60
O&G mg/ l 50-100 <5
TSS mg/ l 250-400 <10
TREATMENT/OPERATION PROCESS
MBBR is a space and power saving technology which is a better alternative to
conventional wastewater treatment plants with the following benefits:
 Odourless operations, with a self-regulating system
 High bio-film surface area, compact plants with high loading rates
 Reduced power consumption
 Simple to operate, low maintenance requirements
 Non-clogging design, better oxygen transfer efficiency
 Attached growth process, low sludge production, no sludge recycling

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:
OPERATING PRINCIPLE:
MBBR Technology is a combination of activated sludge process (suspended growth) and bio
filter processes (attached growth). Moving Bed Biofilm Bioreactor (MBBR) process uses the
whole tank volume for biomass growth. It uses simple floating media, which are carriers for
attached growth of biofilms. Biofilm carrier movement is caused by the agitation of air bubbles.
This compact treatment system is effective in removal of BOD as well as nitrogen and
phosphorus while facilitating effective solids separation.
In order to conserve water, Sewage Treatment Plant has been designed to ensure that treated
effluent characteristics are well below the permissible limits of local/national pollution control
norms even under varying flow conditions which are typical for such systems. This implies that
the selected process shall be able to withstand the shock load situation.
We propose to use MBBR treatment Technology for STP. This has the following advantages:
 The process has long retention time and can absorb shock load situation.
 The process produces a well-oxidized sludge in small quantities only, which can be removed
and used as manure.
PROCESS DESCRIPTION:
 Sewage generated from various sources after passing through an oil & grease trap will be
carried through battery of manholes inter connected through soil pipes under gravity flow
and will be collected in the collection cum equalization tank after passing through screen
chambers near the STP.
 Manually cleaned bar screens will be installed in the screen chamber to screen of any
large pieces.
 Coarse bubble aeration system will be provided to keep the sewage in homogeneous
condition.
 From the Collection cum Equalization Tank, the waste water will be pumped via two
submersible solids handling pumps (1 working + 1 standby) into adjoining aeration tank.
 In the aeration tank waste water will be mixed with micro-organisms in presence of
dissolved oxygen.
 Micro-organisms will assimilate organic impurities. The mixed liquor suspended solids

(MLSS) will be maintained at levels of 3,000 mg/l – 4,000 mg/l. The bottom of the
aeration tank will be covered with submerged air diffusers. Submerged air diffusers will
provide mixing and oxygen for the needs of micro-organisms.
 Compressed air will be supplied through two common air blowers (1 working + 1
standby) for collection cum equalization tank, aeration tank & sludge holding tank.
 From the aeration tank mixed liquor will flow by gravity into adjoining clarifier tank
(Secondary settling tank). The solids will settle in the clarifier tank. Sludge Recirculation
pumps will pump the settled sludge from the bottom of clarifier tank to sludge holding
tank and the aeration tank for maintaining desired MLSS level.Overflow weir with scum
baffle will be provided in the clarifiers to take treated waste water out of the clarifier.
 From the clarifier, treated waste water will flow via gravity into adjoining treated
effluent cum filter feed tank.
 Treated waste water after treated effluent cum Filter Feed tank will be clear, odorless,
low BOD and low suspended solids.
 For improving the treated waste water quality, treated waste water after Filter Feed tank
will be passed through Pressure Sand Filter followed by Activated Carbon Filter for
further reduction of Suspended Solids, BOD, COD, etc. so as to make it suitable for
Irrigation purpose process.

 Water will be passed through U/F feed & backwash pump, cartridge filter, U/F
membrane for further reduction of suspended solid, BOD, COD etc as to make it suitable
for flushing purpose.
 The treated effluent will be collected/stored in the flushing permeate storage tank from
where it can be used for flushing, horticulture and other requirements.
Fig: Schematic of MBBR technology
3.3 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT:
3.3.1 Construction phase
Contaminant Sources Impact Mitigation

Sediment & Streets, lawns, driveways, During construction, sediment fencing or other
Floatables roads, construction activities, erosion control devices will be used to mitigate the
short-term adverse impacts of sedimentation.

Oil & Grease Roads, driveways, parking lots Oil & Grease trap will be provided to remove oil
etc. & grease, suspended matter, and ensure the quality
of water.
Storm water control and rain water harvesting will be done as per the standards laid down by
CGWA & BIS. Following measure will be adopted for the same:
3.3.2 Post Construction Phase:
a. Design:
For good design of rainwater harvesting, following points are to be kept under consideration:
 Rate of filtration should exceed average rainfall intensity.
 Clogging of filtration media should be cleaned periodical.
 Ground water pollution does not take place.
b. Baseline:
The average annual rainfall (based on last 10 years rainfall data) at Bikaner station is 376 mm.
Rain Fall Data (last 10 years):
S. No. Year Annual Average Rainfall No. of Rainy Days

1 2016 426 23
2 2015 475 30
3 2014 291 19
4 2013 448 27
5 2012 448 27
6 2011 356 19
7 2010 409 22
8 2009 293.5 21
9 2008 254 19
10 2007 362 15
Total 3762.5 222
Average 376 22
Source: Water Resource Department, Rajasthan

c. Calculation of No. of RWH Structures:
The rain water harvesting structures are calculated on the basis of peak intensity of rainfall
recorded as 40 mm/hr considering 15 minutes of peak rainfall. The same has been done to
avoid flooding of the area.
S. Type of Structure/ Area [A] Run off Intensity Total discharge
No Surface (sq. m.) Coefficient of rainfall [Q = CIA]
[C] (m/hour) [I] (m3/hr)
1. Roof Top 1988.99 sq. m. 0.9 0.04 71.60
2. Landscape 269.76 sq. m. 0.3 0.04 3.23
3. Paved 2992.95 sq. m. 0.75 0.04 8.99
Grand Total (1-3) 5251.70 sq. m. 83.82
Total Rain Water Flow : 83.82 m3/hr

Considering 15 minutes of peak rainfall,
Runoff volume : 5.58 m3/hr
Volume of each pit : 27 m3 (3 m x 3 m x 3 m)
Total no. of rain water harvesting pits required : Total run-off volume/volume of each pit
: 5.58 /27
: 0.2 say 1 no.
Therefore, 1 No. rain Water Harvesting pit of size 3 m length x 3 m width x 3 m depth with
PVC slotted pipe upto minimum depth of 80 m
d. Design of Rain Water Harvesting Structure:

The dimensional parameters of Desilting/Settlement chamber would be 3 m (length) x 3 m
(width) x 1.30 (depth). In Desilting chamber, 0.30 m depth below outflow is kept for silt
deposition. The filtration tank dimension would be 3 m (length) x 3 m (width) x 1 m (depth)
with 0.15 m dia recharge well depending upon the formation for recharge in aquifer through
vadose zone.

e. Calculation of annual recharge:

S. Type of Area [A] Run off Intensity Total discharge
No Structure/ Surface (sq. m.) Coefficient of rainfall [I] [Q= CIA]
[C] (m/annum) (m3/ annum)
1. Roof Top 1988.99 sq. m. 0.9 0.376 673.07
2. Landscape 269.76 sq. m. 0.3 0.376 30.42
3. Paved 2992.95 sq. m. 0.75 0.376 844.01
Grand Total (1-3) 5251.70 sq. m. 1547.5 Say 1548
Total Annual Recharge to Ground Water Regime of the area through rainwater harvesting
structure would be 1548 m3/ annum.
3.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Due to growing population, not only in the urban areas but also in rural areas, the
environmental problem arising from unscientific and indiscriminate disposal of municipal
garbage is a real menace for the whole society. The Central Government notified the Solid
Waste Management Rules, 2016 for the purpose of managing municipal and urban
wastes/garbage in an environmentally sound manner. Every municipal authority is
responsible to develop a system for scientific disposal of garbage through composting and

engineered landfill. To develop the scientific disposal of municipal wastes, the municipal
authorities introduced the door-to-door collection system, along with proper segregation at
source, storage and transportation to the facility site for waste processing and disposal.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction Waste:
Applicable Rules:
 Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016

 Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
 Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
 Electronic waste Management Rules, 2016
 Hazardous & Other Waste Management Rules, 2016
The solid waste generated during construction phase will be excavated soil,-which will be
reutilized within the project.
About 1440 MT of the construction waste will be generated. Details of the same are given as
under:
S. No. Particulars Approx. Qty, (MT) Percentage
1. Wood 691 34.6
2. Dry Wall 288 36.8
3. Concrete 130 10.2
4. Metal Scrap 29 9.7
5. Cardboard 216 3.2
6. Plastics 28 1.5
7. Electronic Scrap 29 2
8. Misc.(Paint, Ceramic etc) 29 2
Total 1440 100

POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
The solid waste generated from the project considering full occupancy will be mainly domestic
waste and estimated quantity of the same will be approx 375 kg/day. The solid waste generated
will be first segregated as plastic, glass, paper, and other waste separately and disposed off as per:
• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

• Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
• E-waste management Rules, 2016
• Hazardous & Other Waste Management Rules, 2016
SOLID WASTE CALCULATION:
Particulars Population or area Basis Kg/day

Commercial 1894 @0.133 kg/day 252
Staff 150 @0.133 kg/day 20
Multiplex 776 @0.133 kg/day 103
Total 375 kg/day
S. No. Particulars Approx. Qty, ( kg/day) Percentage

1. Mixed papers 139 37
2. News Papers 49 13
3. Other Paper 45 12
4. Cardboard 38 10
5. Food Scrape 38 10

6. Plastic 22 6
7. Other Garbage 18 5
8. Glass 15 4
9. Metal Cans 11 3
Total 375 100
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Storage of waste at source is the first essential step of Solid Waste Management. Every household,
shop and establishment generates solid waste on day to day basis. The waste should normally be
stored at the source of waste generation till collected for its disposal.
Types of Recyclable and Other Non-Bio-degradable Wastes generated from Commercial

areas:
 Paper and plastic,
 All kinds Cardboard and cartons Containers of all kinds (excluding those containing
hazardous materials)
 Glass
 Metals
 Rags
 Rubber
 Wood

 Foils,
 Wrappings,
 Pouches,
 Sachets (rinsed)
 Cassettes,
 Computer diskettes
 Printer cartridges
 Electronic parts
 Discarded clothing
 Furniture and equipment wastes such as used batteries, containers for chemicals and
pesticides
Hazardous Wastes:
 Batteries from flashlights and button cells

 Drain cleaning agents
 Car batteries
 Oil filters and car care products and consumables
 Light bulbs
 Tube-lights and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)
 Paints
 Oils
 Photographic chemicals,
 Styrofoam and soft foam packaging from new equipment
Measures for storing waste from Commercial establishments:
 All shops and establishments shall refrain from throwing their solid waste/ sweepings etc. on
the footpaths, streets, and open spaces. The waste shall be kept on-site as and when
generated in suitable containers until the time of doorstep collection. The size of the
container should be adequate to hold the waste, normally generated in 24 hours.

 The hazardous waste shall be kept separately.

 The management shall provide suitable liftable community bins which match with the waste
collection and transportation system of the local body for the storage of waste by their
members and direct them to transfer their waste into the community bin before the
prescribed time on a day-to-day basis.
 It is essential to save the recyclable waste material from going to the waste processing and
disposal sites and using up landfill space. Profitable use of such material could be made by
salvaging it at source for recycling.
Waste generated from Office buildings:

There is a high generation rate of used paper in offices and businesses (tab cards, computer
printout paper, ledger paper, etc). To successfully create a program to collect such paper; a system
must be developed for bringing wastepaper normally generated individually to a central location
where the paper could be collected. Some systems make use of individual desk collecting bins,
while others have central boxes or collection points.
Employee education is a key: workers must be told which types of office paper can or cannot be
mixed together. Also, some effort must be made towards predicting office paper volumes.
Overflowing waste bins or boxes will create a potential for fire or accident, as well as difficulties
for those being asked to co-operate. In addition to recycling office paper, shredding can also be
done.
Waste from consumer goods shops, food selling, supermarkets

Consumer goods shops produce a large quantity of packaging waste, mainly cartons and plastic. It
is important to encourage selective collection not only to increase recycling but also to facilitate
the collection in that zone by considerably reducing the volume of waste delivered to household
containers.
Waste from retail businesses:

In this type of business, large quantities of corrugated cardboard can be easily and economically
recycled, if this material is kept separate from other waste streams. However, cardboard must be
sorted carefully because it can easily be contaminated with food waste. Weather can also damage

the quality of corrugated cardboard. Retail businesses also frequently produce large volumes of
office paper, wood, glass and plastic.
Source of waste Action to be taken
Commercial complex  Not to throw any solid waste in the neighborhood, on the streets,
open spaces, and vacant lands, into the drains or water bodies.
 Keep food waste/biodegradable waste in a non-corrosive container
with a cover (lid)
 Keep, dry/recyclable waste in a bin/bag or a sack.
 Keep domestic hazardous waste if and when generated separately
for disposal at specially notified locations
 Provide separate community bin/bins large enough to hold
food/biodegradable waste and recyclable waste generated in the
building/society.
 Direct the members of the association/ society to deposit their waste
in community bin on day to day basis before the hour of clearance.
Hotels & Restaurants The waste collection container should be strong, not more than 100 lt.
in size should have a handle on the top or handles on the sides and a
rim at the bottom for easy handling.
3.5 ENERGY CONSERVATION CALCULATIONS:
 Total flat light load can be reduced by 40% by use of LED lamps in place of fluorescent/
incandescent lamps.
 Total landscape and street light load can be reduces by 20% by use of solar powered fixtures.
 Roof top solar power plant (grid connected) will be installed to meet the energy requirements
for common areas and essential services.
 Lift load can be reduced by 23% by use of VF drives.
 All capacitors will be provided with Harmonic Filters to avoid distortion in Voltage.
 Automatic Power Factor correction panel with capacitor will be used for Common Load &
Fixed Capacitor for Transformer to minimize the losses.
 Insulation of exposed walls and roof will be done to minimize heat gains inside the building.
This will help to reduce the air conditioning demand of the buildings.

3.6 RISK & HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) classifies the construction industry as

government and private-sector firms erecting buildings for habitation or for commercial
purposes and public works such as roads, bridges, tunnels, dams or airports. In India,
construction workers also clean hazardous waste sites.
Health Hazards On Construction Sites

Construction workers are exposed to a wide variety of health hazards on the job. Exposure
differs from trade to trade, from job to job, by the day, even by the hour. Exposure to any
one hazard is typically intermittent and of short duration, but is likely to reoccur. A worker
may not only encounter the primary hazards of his or her own job, but may also be
exposed as a bystander to hazards produced by those who work nearby or upwind. This
pattern of exposure is a consequence of having many employers with jobs of relatively
short duration and working alongside workers in other trades that generate other hazards.
The severity of each hazard depends on the concentration and duration of exposure for that
particular job. Bystander exposures can be approximated if one knows the trade of workers
nearby. Hazards present for workers in particular trades are listed in table.
Primary Hazards Encountered In Skilled Construction Trades
Each trade is listed below with an indication of the primary hazards to which a worker in that trade
might be exposed. Exposure may occur to either supervisors or to wage earners. The
classifications of construction trades used here are those used in India. It includes the construction
trades as classified in the Standard Occupational Classification system. This system classifies the
trades by the principal skills inherent in the trade.
Table: OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD

S.NO. OCCUPATIONS HAZARDS
1 Brick masons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loads
2 Stonemasons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loads
3 Hard tile setters Vapor from bonding agents, dermatitis, awkward postures
4 Carpenters Wood dust, heavy loads, repetitive motion

5 Drywall installers Plaster dust, walking on stilts, heavy loads, awkward postures
6 Electricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture, heavy loads
7 Electrical power installers and Heavy metals in solder fumes, heavy loads
repairers
8 Painters Solvent vapours, toxic metals in pigments, paint additives
9 Plasterers Dermatitis, awkward postures
10 Plumbers Lead fumes and particles, welding fumes
11 Pipefitters Lead fumes and particles, welding fumes
12 Steamfitters Welding fumes
13 Carpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue vapour
14 Soft tile installers Bonding agents
15 Concrete and terrazzo finishers Awkward postures
16 Insulation workers Synthetic fibres, awkward postures
17 Paving, surfacing and tamping Asphalt emissions, gasoline and diesel engine exhaust, heat
equipment operators
18 Roofers Roofing tar, heat, working at heights
19 Sheet metal duct installers Awkward postures, heavy loads, noise
20 Structural metal installers Awkward postures, heavy loads, working at heights
21 Welders Welding emissions
22 Solderers Metal fumes, lead, cadmium
23 Drillers, earth, rock Silica dust, whole-body vibration, noise
24 Air hammer operators Noise, whole-body vibration, silica dust
25 Pile driving operators Noise, whole-body vibration
26 Hoist and winch operators Noise, lubricating oil
27 Crane and tower operators Stress, isolation
28 Excavating and loading Silica dust, histoplasmosis, whole-body vibration, heat stress,
machine operators noise
29 Grader, dozer and scraper Silica dust, whole-body vibration, heat noise
operators
30 Truck and tractor equipment Whole-body vibration, diesel engine exhaust
operators
Construction Hazards
As in other jobs, hazards for construction workers are typically of three classes:

1. Chemical Hazards,
2. Physical Hazards,
3. Biological Hazards
Evaluating Exposure
Evaluating either primary or bystander exposure requires knowing the tasks being done and the
composition of ingredients and by-products associated with each job or task. This knowledge
usually exists somewhere (e.g., material safety data sheets, MSDSs) but may not be available at the
job site. With continually evolving computer and communications technology, it is relatively easy
to obtain such information and make it available.
Management For Safe Construction Work
Effective safety programmes have several features in common. They are manifest throughout
organizations, from the highest offices of a general contractor to project managers, supervisors,
union officials and workers on the job. Codes of practice are conscientiously implemented and
evaluated. Costs of injury and illness are calculated and performance is measured; those that do
well are rewarded, those that do not are penalized. Safety is an integral part of contracts and
subcontracts. Everybody-managers, supervisors and workers-receives general, site-specific and
site-relevant training. Inexperienced workers receive on-the-job training from experienced
workers. In projects where such measures are implemented, injury rates are significantly lower
than on otherwise comparable sites.
Preventing Accidents And Injuries
Entities in the industry with lower injury rates share several common characteristics: they have a
clearly defined policy statement that applies throughout the organization, from top management to
the project site. This policy statement refers to a specific code of practice that describes, in detail,
the hazards and their control for the pertinent occupations and tasks at a site. Responsibilities are
clearly assigned and standards of performance are stated. Failures to meet these standards are
investigated and penalties imposed as appropriate. Meeting or exceeding standards is rewarded. An
accounting system is used that shows the costs of each injury or accident and the benefits of injury
prevention. Employees or their representatives are involved in establishing and administering a

programme of injury prevention. Involvement often occurs in the formation of a joint labour or
worker management committee. Physical examinations are performed to determine workers’
fitness for duty and job assignment.
Hazards are identified, analysed and controlled following the classes of hazards. The entire work
site is inspected on a regular basis and results are recorded. Equipment is inspected to ensure its
safe operation (e.g., brakes on vehicles, alarms, guards and so on). Injury hazards include those
associated with the most common types of lost-time injuries: falls from heights or at the same
level, lifting or other forms of manual materials handling, risk of electrocution, risk of injury
associated with either highway or off-road vehicles, trench cave-ins and others. Health hazards
would include airborne particles (such as silica, asbestos, synthetic vitreous fibres, diesel
particulates), gases and vapours (such as carbon monoxide, solvent vapour, engine exhaust),
physical hazards (such as noise, heat, hyperbaric pressure) and others, such as stress.
Preparations are made for emergency situations and emergency drills are conducted as needed.
Preparations would include assignment of responsibilities, provision of first aid and immediate
medical attention at the site, communication at the site and with others off the site (such as
ambulances, family members, home offices and labour unions), transportation, designation of
health care facilities, securing and stabilizing the environment where the emergency occurred,
identifying witnesses and documenting events. As needed, emergency preparedness would also
cover means of escape from an uncontrolled hazard such as fire or flood.
Accidents and injuries are investigated and recorded. The purpose of reports is to identify causes
that could have been controlled so that, in the future, similar occurrences can be prevented. Reports
should be organized with a standardized record-keeping system to better facilitate analysis and
prevention. To facilitate comparison of injury rates from one situation to another, it is useful to
identify the pertinent population of workers within which an injury occurred, and their hours
worked, in order to calculate an injury rate (i.e., the number of injuries per hour worked or the
number of hours worked between injuries).
Workers and supervisors receive training and education in safety. This education consists of
teaching general principles of safety and health, is integrated into task training, is specific for each
work site and covers procedures to follow in the event of an accident or injury. Education and
training for workers and supervisors is an essential part of any effort to prevent injuries and
disease. Training about safe work practices and procedures have been provided by some companies

and trade unions. These procedures, include lockout and tagout of electrical power sources during
maintenance procedures, use of lanyards while working at heights, shoring trenches, providing safe
walking surfaces and so on. It is also important to provide site-specific training, covering unique
features about the job site such as means of entry and exit. Training should include instruction
about dangerous substances. Performance or hands-on training, demonstrating that one knows safe
practices, is much better.
Information about chemical, physical and other health hazards is available at the work site in the
languages that workers use. If workers are to work intelligently on the job, they should have the
information necessary to decide what to do in specific situations.
And finally, contracts between contractors and subcontractors should include safety features.
Provisions could include establishing a unified safety organization at multi-employer work sites,
performance requirements and rewards and penalties.
FIRE PROTECTION
 A main fire alarm panel for the complete complex shall be provided in the fire control room /
fire control cum security room of the whole complex.
 The automatic fire alarm shall be provided depending on the height of the tower.
 Group F (Mercantile Building), above 24m and upto 30 m in height, minimum fire fighting
requirement (as per NBC 2016 Part IV Table 7) will be provided in the project.
S. No. Description Minimum Fire Fighting Requirement
1. Fire extinguisher Required
2. First Aid Hose reel Required
3. Wet riser Required
4. Down comer Not Required
5. Yard hydrant Required
6. Automatic sprinkler system Required
7. Manually operated fire alarm system Required
8. Automatic detection & alarm system Required
9. Underground water tank 2,00,000L
10. Terrace water tank 20,000 L

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS SAFETY MEASURE PLAN
A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in Electric shock, arc-flash
burn, thermal burn, or blast. Electrical hazard includes „dangerous‟ meaning „able or likely to
inflict injury‟; there are high voltage, low current sources that are not intrinsically dangerous, and
there are low-voltage, high-current sources that are not „safe‟. A „harmless‟ static electricity shock
could cause sufficient startle reaction to make a worker fall off a ladder. A hazard analysis is
necessary to identify electrical hazards and determine the degree of risk. We are considering
different types of measures for preventing electrical hazards which are as follows:
Safe Electrical Installation

 Installation of new electrical systems to a suitable IS standard. Requirements for electrical
installations, and then maintain them in a safe condition;
 Provision of enough socket-outlets - overloading socket-outlets by using adaptors which can
cause fire.
Provision of safe and suitable equipment:
 Proper selection of equipments;

 There will be provision of an accessible and clearly identified switch near each fixed machine
to cut off power in an emergency;
 For portable equipment, there will be use of socket-outlets which are close by so that
equipment will be easily disconnected in an emergency;
 The ends of flexible cables will always have the outer sheath of the cable firmly clamped to
stop the wires (particularly the earth) pulling out of the terminals;
 Damaged sections of cable will be replaced completely;
 There will be use of proper connectors or cable couplers to join lengths of cable
 There will be proper protection of light bulbs and other equipment which could easily be
damaged in use. And also creates risk of electric shock if they are broken;
 Electrical equipment used in flammable/explosive atmospheres will be designed to stop it
from causing ignition.

Reduction of Voltage:-
One of the best ways of reducing the risk of injury when using electrical equipment is to limit the
supply voltage to the lowest needed to get the job done, such as:
Temporary lighting can be run at lower voltages, e.g. 12, 25, 50 or 110 volts;
 Where electrically powered tools are used, battery operated will be safest;
 Portable tools are readily available which are designed to be run from a 110 volts centre-
tapped-to-earth supply.
Provision of safety device

If equipment will be operated at 230 volts or on higher, then the provision of an RCD (residual
current device) will be provided as an additional safety. An RCD is a device which detects some,
but not all, faults in the electrical system and rapidly switches off the supply. RCD will be built
into the main switchboard or the socket-outlet, as this means that the supply cables will be
permanently protected. Additionally a plug incorporating an RCD, or a plug-in RCD adaptor, will
also be provided for an additional safety. RCDs for protecting people have a rated tripping current
(sensitivity) of not more than 30 milliamps (MA).
 An RCD is a valuable safety device, never bypass it;
 If the RCD trips, it is a sign there is a fault.
 The RCD will have a test button to check that its mechanism is free and functioning.
Underground power cables

Always assume cables will be present when digging in the street, pavement or near buildings. The
usage will be up-to-date service plans, cable avoidance tools and safe digging practice to avoid
danger.
Overhead power lines

When working near overhead lines, it may be possible to have them switched off. So, we will keep
the safe working distance from the cables.

BASIC PRECAUTIONS:
There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity, including
insulation, guarding, grounding and electrical protective devices. We will significant reduce
electrical hazards by following some basic precautions.
Insulation
All electrical cords will have sufficient insulation to prevent direct contact with wires. All cords
will be checked before each use, since corrosive chemicals or solvent vapors may erode the
insulation. Damaged cords will be repaired or taken out of service immediately, especially in wet
environments such as cold rooms.
Guarding
Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more will be guarded against accidental
contact. Plexiglas shields may be used to protect against exposed live parts.
Grounding
Only equipment with three-prong plugs will be used. The third prong provides a path to ground
that helps prevent the buildup of voltages that may result in an electrical shock or spark.
Circuit Protection Devices

Circuit protection devices will be designed to automatically limit or shut off the flow of electricity
in the event of a ground-fault, overload, or short circuit in the wiring system. Fuses, circuit
breakers, and ground-fault circuit interrupters are three well-known examples of such devices.
Fuses and circuit breakers prevent over-heating of wires and components that might otherwise
create hazards for operators. They disconnect the circuit when it becomes overloaded. The ground-
fault circuit interrupter or GFCI, will be used to shutoff electric power if a ground fault is detected.
The GFCI will be particularly used near sinks and wet locations. Since GFCIs will cause
equipment to shutdown unexpectedly, they may not be appropriate for certain apparatus. Portable
GFCI adapters (available in most safety supply catalogs) may be used with a non-GFCI outlet.
Safe Work Practices

The following practices will be used to reduce the risk of injury or fire when working with
electrical equipment:

 Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits.

 Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electrical equipment.
 When it is necessary to handle equipment that is plugged in, be sure hands are dry and, when
possible, wear nonconductive gloves and shoes with insulated soles.
 If water or a chemical is spilled onto equipment, shut off power at the main switch or circuit
breaker and unplug the equipment.
 If an individual comes in contact with a live electrical conductor, do not touch the
equipment, cord or person. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out
the plug using a leather belt.
High Voltage or Current

Repairs of high voltage or high current equipment will be performed by trained electricians.
Individuals who are experienced in such tasks and would like to perform such work on their own
equipment must first receive specialized electrical safety related work practices training by EHS
staff.
LIGHTING PROTECTION:
 The structures shall be protected against lightning in accordance with the requirement of IS
2309: 1989 with latest amendments. The risk factor requires provision of lightning protection
and in addition considered necessary for the safety of tall buildings and human life.
 The lightning protection system shall comprise of a grid of horizontal air terminations and
vertical finials provided at the terrace of each high rise tower at the highest point and that of
the low rise buildings which are not within the protective angles of the high rise terminations.
 The horizontal & vertical air terminations shall be connected through a series of down earth
conductors running along the sides of the building with earth tapes to the Pipe type earth
electrodes / earth stations.
 Earth test points shall be provided.
 The lightning protection system shall be based on use of hot dip galvanized iron i.e. GI strip
conductors and GI earth stations.
OR

Alternatively, controlled steamer emission system along with chemical earth pits may be
employed, if client prefers so, but this system of lightning protection shall not be as per IS
codes.
 All towers shall be protected from lightning by providing Controlled streamer emission (CSE)
lightning arrestors installed at the highest point at the terrace level duly connected to GI
tape/cable as per system design criteria.
 Regulations for electrical equipment in building issued by The Bombay Regional Council of
Insurance Association of India will be followed.
 Indian Electricity Act of 1910 and rules issued there under revised up to date will be followed.
3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
STUDY AREA:
The study area of 1-3 km radius comprises of the habitation of nearby villages that includes
Ridmalsar Purohitan, Udasar, etc. Social infrastructure of schools, hospitals and recreational
activities are available in the vicinity.
POPULATION
The total population of the study area is 11522 the males constitute of 51.85 per cent and females
are 48.14 per cent. The 0-6 population constitute of 15.31 per cent. The sex ratio of Bikaner city is
904 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 905 per 1000 boys. In each household approximately
4 to 6 persons live together.
TABLE: POPULATION OF THE STUDY AREA
MALE FEMALE
VILLAGE NAME MALE FEMALE HOUSEHOLD
(0-6) (0-6)
Udasar 3931 3657 584 503 1333
Ridmalsar Purohitan 2044 1890 364 314 651
Total 5975 5547 948 817 1984
Grand Total 11522 1765 1984
*Sources: Census of India, 2011

LITERACY
The literate population of the study area is 6899 which constitute to be 59.87 per cent. The male
literacy with respect to male population is 67.68 per cent and female literacy totals 51.46 per cent
with respect to female population in the study area.
TABLE : LITERACY STATUS OF THE STUDY AREA

VILLAGE NAME MALE FEMALE
Udasar 2819 2012
Ridmalsar Purohitan 1225 843
Total 4044 2855
Grand Total 6899
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The total working population of the study area is 3518 accounting to be 30.53 per cent. From the
total working population the main workers constitute of 86.10 per cent and marginal working
population is 13.89 per cent. The female working population is 12.96 per cent with respect to
female population of the study area. The majority of the main population in the study area is
engaged in agriculture and related activities. In the study area people are also occupied in other
works like government services, private jobs, manufacturing, retailing etc.
TABLE:EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE STUDY AREA
MAIN WORKING MARGINAL WORKING NON-WORKING
VILLAGE NAME POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION
MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE
Udasar 1778 258 47 91 2106 3308
Ridmalsar Purohitan 840 153 134 217 1070 1520
Total 2618 411 181 308 3176 4828
Total 3029 489 8004
Total Working 3518 8004
Population

SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The proposed project showcases the residential cum commercial development in the study area.
The proposed project will fulfill the housing as well as commercial requirements of urban
masses. It will also help in generating revenue for state government and development
authorities.
The proposed project will create direct employment opportunities to at least 200 people during
the construction phase and about 250-300 people during post construction phase. The project is
targeted for all income group people, the project will cater to the good quality housing as well as
commercial demands of the city. Increased income security will contribute to the empowerment
of the most vulnerable sections of the society.
TABLE : IMPACT IDENTIFY IN THE PROJECT AREA

IMPACT DEGREE OF IMPACT DESCRIPTION
Direct Employment: At the construction phase 200
employees will be given employment.
Employment
Positive & Long Term Indirect Employment: The proposed project is a
Generation
commercial project which will bring indirect employment
in the study area.
Increase in The local amenities in the study area will increase. It is a
Local Long Term sign of development in the study area such as new water
Amenities connections, electricity connections, phones etc.
Influx of people is expected which will bring cultural
Cultural Mix Long Term
mix.
Increase in Increase in local amenities will lead to increment in
Government revenues & taxes by government.
Positive & Long Term
revenues &
taxes
The construction phase might create negative impacts
Construction
Negative & Short Term around the site area such as litter, noise, influx of people
Phase
from outside.
ENIVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Source Monitoring location Parameters to Frequency
be Monitored
Ambient At 1 location at boundary PM10,PM2.5, SO2,NO2, CO Every Six Month
Air Quality of the project site.

Ambient Noise At 1 location at the Day and night equivalent Every six Month
boundary of the project noise level
Ground water At 1 location nearest to the As per standards Once in six months
Project site.
Soil At 1 location within the As per standards Once in six months
project site
Stack Emission At the stack PM10 ,PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Once in six months
Monitoring CO,HC
ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN-OPERATION PHASE

Source Parameters to be Monitored Frequency
Ambient Air Monitoring PM10,PM2.5, SO2,NO2, CO Half Yearly (24 hrs average
samples)
Stack Emission Monitoring PM10,PM2.5, SO2,NO2, CO,HC Every Six Month
Treated Effluent pH, BOD, BOD, COD, Oil, Grease & Daily
Monitoring Total Suspended solids
Noise Level Monitoring 24 Hrs. Noise level Half Yearly (Hourly day and
night time Leq levels)
Ground water monitoring Drinking water specification as per Half Yearly
ISI0500
Soil analysis Once in a year
EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES:

S. No. Particulars Capital Cost Annual recurring
(In lacs) cost
1. Stack attached to DG sets 0.50 -
2 STP 25 2
3 Rain water harvesting 3 0.10
4 Solid waste management 2.70 12.50
5 Pollution monitoring -- 1
6 Fire fighting & emergency handling 50 2
7 Green Belt 2 2.4
10. Solar Module 19.25 1
TOTAL 102.45 21
**********


Conceptual Plan & Environmental Management Plan: 1.1 Introduction & Project Summary

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Project : Capital Highstreet (Bikaner) Conceptual Plan &

Promoter : Arham Realty LLP. Environmental Management Plan

CONCEPTUAL PLAN &

1.1 INTRODUCTION & PROJECT SUMMARY:

As of now, as there is no duly constituted SEIAA (Rajasthan.), this case is to be dealt at

Table 1.1: Project Summary

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

Total number of Main units

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENTS:

The Project is promoted by Arham Realty LLP. It is a Limited Liability Partnership

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

1.3 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES

1.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT & INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES:

1.4.1 Details of other infrastructural facilities (aerial distance):

Nearest Railway Station : Bikaner Railway station 5.5 Km towards WSW

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

Geographical coordinates of the project are as under:

Fig. 2: Google map

1.5 PROJECT DETAILS:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

The details are tabulated as under:

1.5.1 Floor wise details:

1.5.2 Built Up Area Details:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

10. 6th floor 859.68 181.80 1041.48

2.1 PARKING REQUIREMENT:

A. Total ECU required : 323 ECU

2.1.1 Details of the Parking provided:

S. No. Details Cars Two wheelers Total ECU

2.2 POWER REQUIREMENT:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

200 kVA (1 no)

2.2.1 ELECTRICAL DEMAND BREAK UP:

S. No. Description Connected Load in Kw Diversity Demand Load

Total 2601.1 1794.1

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

Over All Load Factor - o.8 1435.3

2.3 LIGHTING AND NATURAL VENTILATION DETAILS:

RECOMMENDED LUX LEVELS:

RECOMMENDED VENTILATION LEVELS:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

S. No Particulars Air Change per hour

2.4 WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

2.4.1 POPULATION PROJECTION:

Particulars Nos. Basis Population

2.4.2 CRITERIA OF WATER DEMAND:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

3. Food court 152 @ 25 lpcd : 4 KLD @10 lpcd : 2 KLD 6 KLD

Landscaping & General 100 KLD

Daily water demand: 84KLD

Source: Fresh Water: Ground water supply

3.0 Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impacts

Environmental impact can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions,

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE:

3.1.1.1 SOURCES OF POLLUTION:

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.

2. Emissions from Construction equipments:

*Source: SCAQMD CEQA Handbook

3.1.1.2 MITIGATION MEASURES:

S. No. Guidance on Practices to reduce emission

Gaurang Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Arham Realty LLP.