af re IMPORTANT WORDS, IDIOMS AND PHRASES The apple of somebody's eye = the person who someone loves most and is very proud of 2.9. His youngest daughter was the apple of his eye. ‘The apple never falls far from the tree = a child as a seni character or sar quali to hiyher pares, «e.g. Her daughter soon showed her own musical alent, proving that the apple doesn fal fa tom the re, Like two peas in a pod = very similar, especially in appearance 2.9, The twins aro like two peas in a pod ‘A second bite of the cherry = another opportunity to do something 2g. He missed a medal in the 100 metres, but will get @ second bite of the cherry in the 400 metres. Be on cloud nine I be in seventh heaven = to be extremely happy and excited ‘2.9. Was Sophia pleased about getting that job? ~ Pleased? She was on eloud nine! 2. Since they got marriod, they ae in saventh heaven, ‘A piece of cake = something that's easy to do €.g. For Simon, taking tess is a pieca af cake. [As cool as a cucumber = very calm or very calmly, especially when this is surprising, 2g. Sheila walked in as cool as a cucumber, as if nothing had happened, ‘Assmart cookie = a clever person wha makes good decisions, ‘2,9, He isa smart cookie, adjusting his songs to fl his audience, Abig cheese = an important ora powerful person in a campaay or an arganization with alt of influence, ‘849, Apparently her father is a big cheese in one ofthe major banks. ‘Ants in your pants = not o be able fo keep stil because you are very excited or worried about something e.g. All kids have got ans in their pants all the time at that age Mad as a hornet = Someone who is ‘mad as a hornet is extremely angry, eg. My dad was mad as a hornet after I crashed his car. ‘Wouldn't hurt. fly = te person whos very peaceful, nar-vclet and so gente that they wouldnt hut anyone 8g. He isa very swoot, warm-hearted man who wouldn't hurt a fy, How can you suspect him of ‘cornmitting the cxime? storm in a teacup ‘* / tempest in a teapot l= a lat of unnecessary anger and worry about ‘an unimportant matter 2g. Our argument was no big deal - just a storm in a teacup. When pigs fly = something that will nevor happen e.g. When pigs fly shell dy up her room, © A fly on the wall = one who is able to observe something clothly but invisibly. 2. 'd love ta be a fly on the wall when those two get home! A bed of roses = an easy fe; a comfortable situation €.g. Who sad life would be a bec of rose? But you have to do your best to make it better. A culture vulture = someone who is very interested in music, at, theatre, etc 9 Ifyou culture vulture, London has eventing you could want opera, heave, museums and more, ® An eager beaver = 2 person whois wling to work very hard. ‘2g. Sho aways does her English grammar homework and even asks fr extra exercises on the weekend. What an eager beaver! Have good vibes = meaning all of the people, places, ideas and possibilities that evoked positive, safe, happy sensations. e.g. You sive me good vibes. ® Knock on wood touch wood = said in order to avoid bad luck, ether when you mention good luck that you have had in the past or when you mention hopes yau have for the future. eg. The deal will be agreed on Wednesday, knack on wood.If you try to catch a train or buy @ fight ticket on the 24" Dacember you may have difficulties in finding a seat. This is the day when many people ere traveling home to be with thelr families ‘on Christmas day. For most British familes, this is the most important festival of the year. It combines the Christmas celebration of the birth of Christ with the trcitonal festivities of winter On Christmas Eve some people go to a special church service called Midnight Mass which starts at 12 o'clock at night. Most families decorate thelr houses with brighlly-coloured paper, holy, wreathes and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room, glittering with coloured lights land Chvistmas decoratione. Family mombors wrap up their gite and ave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Nighttime on Christmas Eve though is a very ‘exciting time for young children. It isthe time when Santa or Father Ctristmas comes. They hang up their stockings and go to sleep. Santa and his elves make all the toys for Christmas in his home in Lapland. On Christmas Eve he piles all of the toys onto his sleigh and rides across the sky with his 9 reindeer: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, Bitzen and of course Rudolph! ‘The most famous one is Rudoiph, the one always at the front, 10 lead the way with his red nose, In the moming when the children wake up they open their stocking presents. Tradtionally on Christmas Eve mince pies and sherry (or milk} are left out for Santa who comes in the middle of the night through the chimney and nowadays carrots are lft for his reindeers. On Christmas Day families sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding. Other traditional food include a special Christmas cake and mince pies ~ small round cakes filed with a mixture of apples, raisins and spices. ‘The day after Christmas, the 26” of December, is also a bank holiday. Its called Boxing Day and this is the time to give gis to tradesmen, servants, friends and relatives, It orighated in medieval times, when every priest was supposed to emply the alms box of his church and istnbute gifts to the poor. Some lime before Christmas, boxes were placad in churches for the people t> donate some money or put presents forthe poor. On the day after Christmas, the 26" of Dacember, the priest opened the box and {gave the contents away to poor peopl. In the UK Boxing Day is stil a pubic holiday. some shops and supermarkets open nowadays, but banks and most offioas remain closed. VOCABULARY BANK: “Merry Christmas to yout —ardsb goerngeg! — Thank you, the same to you! — akammeBo, Bs obaggt ‘Merry Christmas to yout May all your dreams forthe coring year be fled ene! may you ind joy and ove, Lov, joy and peace are the ingrecients fora wonderful Christmas. We hope jou find them al festive season Have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on the 7° of January. — SetoBogncentoeen Jnb~avigbn GrBsl 7 osByorl o—eGog96. to have diffculies in something ~ goes to find a way out of a dificult situation, - gobo ongob och 286, godEoea8s, aoorgengts 2. gidedbogagoh Jens e.g. He is very resourcetul he can always find a way out of a dificult situation to celebrate / n, celebration ~ sexing, Byndo festivies ~ zoogo a bell — by6in 1. wragping paper ~gbsbaagn viral = asoniagno + glter~ gexgotgi, 938g ile = anon y= a type of strong wine from sothem Spain thats a pale yellow or brown colour, sometimes ‘rank before a meal Bdagnoes, Wgunbgs 19, sglgdstradesmen — go4eiin an alms box ~ &mBysengnb yoo to donate /n. donation gees Rylgdo. 36099 Contents - Iogargbo, Kay sob dmosgiodgere NEW YEAR'S DAY Georgian people make special preparations to celebrate a New Year. They usually clean their flats and houses thoroughly and everyone in the famiy tries to wear new clothes. On New Year's Eve a large table is full of with various, colourful and mouthwatering dishes, which are as, beautiful as a decorated Christmas tree. The Georgian people cook a lot of must-have dishes including satsvi - a turkey in a walnut sauce, @ roasted suckling pig, Khachapuri - flat bread with cheese filing, gozinaki - chopped nuts boiled in honey, and many others. It is believed that you should greet the New Year with generosity if you want to have @ weelthy, healthy and lucky year. In addition to decorating a common Christmas tree ~ the groen one, Georgians have their special festive décor called “Chichilak’. Instead of sparkly toys with diverse designs, “Chichilak” is mostly decorated with an assortment of fruit and sweets, This Chrismas tree is made from dried hazoinut branches. “Chichilak” is @ tree af luck and is burnt as @ symibol of leaving out the previous year’s troubles and misfortunes on the day before the Georgian Orthodox Epiphany on January 19. ‘There is a tradition of "irst footing’ in Georgia. On New Year families wait for a person wiho is called a ‘Mekvle". Helshe is the first person who enters the family on New Year's Day. “Kvali” means a footstep | race in Georgian. Its believed thatthe upcoming year will pass according tothe fortune, joy ant luck that the *Mekvie” brings. So when this person arrives, the family meets him. On entering the “Mekle™ ‘says the following words that are rhymed in Georgian"! ve set my foot here, may God bless you. My step is a footprint of an angel..." whichis accompanied by throwing sweets in the room. The family invites the “Mokive” to the table and offers himiner food and drink and he/she proposes a toast to the New Year “Bedoba" in Georgia means “the day of luck’, It is New Year's second day, January 2 and is, usually the continuation of the New Year's feast. According to the old tradition, what happens ‘on "Bedoba’, happans the whole next year, so cheerful mood is advised. Everybody ties to do their best and live their life a3 cheerful as they can. Nogativty is prohibited. As they expect that “Bedoba’ has an extended effect on the following 365 days, you can even smell the positive mood and attitude in the al. In the United Kingdom, as well as around the world, New Year festiviies begin on New Year's Eve ‘on December 31. People host and attend New Year parties at home or celebrate in restaurants, bars, or in the streets. In the last few seconds of the year they count from 10 to 1 together and welcome the New Year, wishing one another @ happy new year with champagne and other sparkling beverages as the clock strikes twelve. Thousands of people gather at the banks of the River Thames to see an almost 12-minute fireworks display over the London Eye, a giant Ferris wheel. The pyrotechnics begin just after Big Ben chimes midnight and accompanied by music. New Year's Day, January 1, is a bank holiday, which means itis a non-working day in the United kingdom. Thousands of English people and tourists ined the streets of London to watch its annual London New Year's Day Parade. It's considered to be the largest New Year parade in the world. A 30- year old tradition, the parade began in 1987 as a way to raise money for local charities. Originally called the Lord Mayor of Westminste’s Big Parade, the event was renamed in 1994, Parts ofthe parade route are only accessible to ticketed viewers. During the New Year periad, any time from late December to mid-January, people say “A Happy New Year" to their family, friends and colleagues, perhaps directly or by sending an email or New Year's car.VOCABULARY BANK: ‘A Happy New Year! ~ cboey Bomb garnet must-have dishes ~ sagnegigen> jaa8> In addition to ~ gsisgginm, sls 34m sparkly toys ~ Beyabogn boos Benga troubles and misfortunes — esis > BorigdggbeynegB0 Orthodox Epiphany — Bsmobeng89 a footstep / trace ~ savexo to propose a toast to — lasers @yld> gd lke to propose a toast to the New Year. to prohibit » dsen59 ant, to ban; to forbid tohost — gsdsidoSeng’s freworks ~ ggo6go% 9 to chime — yen boson gg “Thank you, the seme to you! — Asgerbo, Bp 6g sbogg! EASTER Easter or Resurrection Sunday is the Christian Church's oldest and most important festival It colebrates the resurrection of Jesus Chvist ffom the dead three days alter his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary which is described in the New Testament, Resurrection Sunday is preceded by Lent or Great Lent. 2 forty-day petiod of fasting and prayer, Good Friday or Easter Friday is a Christian day commemorating the cruciiion of Jesus Christ and his death at Calvary (On this day Christians dye eggs most in a red colour though nowadays Easter eggs are painted in diffrent colours and ornaments. Two powerful symbols emerged from Easter: the cross on which Jesus was crucified, and which became the oficial symbol of the Christian Church, and the egg, with ts meaning of birth, symbolizing Chris's resurrection or coming back to fe, Easter is a special and one of the most beloved holidays in Gaorgia. Every family dyes eggs in re. In comparison with Catholic world, where eggs are dyed in diferent colours and decorated with different patterns, here eggs are mostly dyed in red. The red eg9 isthe main attribute of Easter since it symbolizes the blood and sacrifice of Christ for humanity's sins. The egg is also thought to symbolize ‘eternal life. Eggs are usually dyed on Red Friday or Good Friday using madder roots and onion peels that give diffrent favour and taste to the egg. Al Easter Georgians tap eggs and say “Christ has risen” ~ “Truly!” one another. These are traditional phrases fer congratulating Easter to each other. The winner is whose egg doesn't bresk. Georgians bake or buy “Paska’ ~ Easter cake and prepare traditional Georgian clshes for Easter day. Even though “Paska’ is available in every shop or bakery, some housewives prefer to bake i by themselves. Majority of Georgians go to church to attend special service ‘Litanioba’ at night and get “Holy Fie" brought from Jerusalem. Family members and relatives: {gather and congratulate ene another on the resurrection of Jesus form the dead on Easter Day. The ‘green sprout ~ ‘Vejl” n Georgia serves as a perfect decoration for Uie festive table ~ "Suffa” and ‘symbolizes the new life, The most interesting part of Easter celebration in Georgia is visiting graveyards. ‘and congratulating the loved ones who have passed away. Georgians congratulate the deceased on Easter by bringing red eggs, “Paska’, wine and lightning candles.VOCABULARY BANK: Easter Day / Easter Sunday ~ sexxsro Christ has risen! - orig seep! ~ Truly - 48606! resurecton /v. to resurrect = returning to life; rebith = 8jgaesgenn sears ‘ruoxion = king somebody by naling them toa ers ~ 399698 Cavary — grexgrio the New Testament ~ sbeqn canis the gospel — isbarigds Groat Lent ergo dogo to Keep the fast Osc aaags 1 break he fast to shrve(shrove /shiven) ~schsFigins i, grmagsens rfssingds Shrovetide ~ yggemgt0 Palm Sunday = 3s Great Thursday / Easter Thursday - gngn bgoss8son Good Friday / Easter Friday ~ Gare Jel jggn to dye e998 - sggSpba8eb SgecB9> tovmerge - Bserimts,gidimjorioggdo asin— gegs anetomal lie ~ aseogngen bosnabexg ater - bogngberg bnjgtereeed 25808 madider roots - g6ee%nk gba to tap ~ abgeadie Rayls, ears to passa way ~ soiascageengio the deceased - soraegoeencin MORE WORDS: Ubeteve in God. ~ 35 edonb Ast faith — 59,55 to say some prayers ~ emaggtn eos topray — emg Pa prayer - demyggene tollight candles - Lotonenginl ingds ant. to low out candles ~ bsGoregginl fogloits to worship ~ ggeeginodo bnotigene 1. Worship ~ Bnrigs-eomgqs to confess — smborigdnb Audatigds {0 anoint = BorinBghg’s, Snils BLE to preach a sermon ~ Jowsgad> a preacher - aysgoandaeye, Bnfomeg a church ~ aserqsns 1, a flock / congregation / churchgoers - dégge0 a cathedral - Lsjsegctin godstin, bayigtin €@ Christian Orthodox Church — denkspsbigen BorioBorgorgBeratto gyctgbne a temple ~ gsdssn a chapel ~ lséeerggae7 an altar ~ bo genbgggenn 2 C1088 ~ gasein an icon ~ bag clergy — bs8tegggerrg8s a clergyman /a priest —bsbygexngten Sein; expe ' vicar = a priest in the Church of England who isin charge ofa church and the religious needs of people in a particular area. - dexjenere @.9. James and Jane were married by our local vicar. bishop ~ g2abymtiin an archbishop ~ s6Jogselysmdeo an apostle - deigexigexo a saint Bobo a monk ~ 346 a monastery ~ asso Snsbggrin a nun Brisa a nunnery /a convent ~ egqsons SoBsligfin ‘an abbey = a building where monks or nuns lve or used to lve. - bosdagm, Emel heaven = bs for heaven's sake ~ eye! arjeyaongels paradise ~ Lsdrty ant. ell — zemgembgenn‘an angel ~ séggeyrbo ant. a devil — 933559. gyro a miracle ~ usbSoyeco 2g. Never stop believing in hope because miracles happen every day. to baptize - andsageyo 2 godmather — Gsonrns (joer) a godfather — Ssormes (Joyo) a godchild — Gsmergeco ‘a goddaughter / a godsan — Sscreraeee amgm / Bago GUY FAWKES NIGHT Guy Fawkes Night is one of the most popular festivals in Briain. It commemorates the discovery of the so-called Gunpowder Plot, and is widaly celebrated all over the county ‘The story goes that there was a plot to destroy the Houses of Farliament and kill King James | during the ceremony of opening Parliament on November 5, 1805, The plot was organized by a group of English, Catholies who had been persecuted under Queen Elizabeth | ru and had hoped that her successor, James |, would be more tolerant of their religion. Unfortunately, James did not turn out to be more tolerant than Elizabeth and a number of young men.13 to be exact, decided that violent action was. the answer. The conspirators rented a house near the House of Lords. From this house they dug 2 tunnel to vault below the House of Lords and put into the cellar 36 barrels of gunpowder. The Plot was discovered because one of the conspirators wrote a letter to his relative, a member of the House of Lords, Lord Monteagie, warning him to stay away from the House of Lords on the S® of "Nowember. On Novernber 4, a search was made ofthe parfament vauts, andthe gunpewver was found, together wih Guy Fawkes, who was th leader ofthe group. Guy Fawkes and therest of his gang were executed (On the very night that the Gunpowder Plot was foiled, on November 5, 1605, bonfires ware set alight to celebrate the safety of the King. Since then, November 5® has been known as Bonfire Night. The event is commemorated every year with freworks and burning effigies and dummies of Guy Fawkes on bonfire as he is Britain's mast notorious traitor. VOCABULARY BANK: so-called ~ psig Bregdger0 gunpowder - epboo aplot- aymgiigengds to destroy — asboaaygho to persecute ~ ejb a successor ~ 88 yao) to be tolerant of — oy Rando BoBorir BsABybarghgee totum out ~ sednfySs_ eg. He tumed aut tobe in an uncertain situation. - ls gafggagare boy sePrHR violent = dacroxgrviogn 1. violence a conspirator — BgafSgengbol Gnskineyg torent ~ esdooqrBs a tunnel = ajomvio 8 vault ~ usage abarrel ~ jslein fowarn ~ goqgrenboangbs gang — dsbgs to execute /n. execution = putting someone to death — Lnggncqna gabre> 10 fol - gogdgob AsBeys a bonfire — yeaa alight ~ s8oa3000, esbogdge0 afgy — aadiisbgengis, JmmGFiggi, byfome a dummy ~ gog3en notorious ~ Eagsgmryrioe gEmdaern, yoRg babgeeol 8 2 valor — Bneoeroy v.l0 betray — corsoPREPOSITIONS - sn6@037¢080 Prepositions of Place ~ sxanceb BoGieyerab Above ~ teygnan, Been e.g. Her name comes above mine on the list At~ 236: (89, Bo) 2g. At the table, atthe lesson, at school. [Among - and (og 8g eins) 0.9. Henry looked uncomfortable an out of place among he acts Between — devfnk (rl Bint] —-—_-@.9. The town es halfway between Rome and Florence, Behind ~ 936 249, |hung my coat behind the door. Before ~ 66 ‘eg. You should always wash your hands before meals. Below ~ Jonge, s8e09 24, The author's name was printed below the ttle Beneath ~ doasrm, 4908 ‘24g. Jane hid the letter beneath a ple of papers. Beside — aggeane e.g. Come and sit here beside me By-os6, aggre 29. Jack was siting by the freplace when I entered the room. In eg. | got stuck in a trafic jam for half an hour. Inthe middie of ~ agsao 8, There is table in the middle of the room, Inside — 3rgner 4, Luckily, no one was inside the bullding when i collapsed. In front of — 5 ‘8.9, There's parking space in front af the hotel. Near ~ beget e.g. The hotel is near the airport. On % 2g. Oh, you're standing on my foot! Outside ~ gen fag. There was a lang queue outside the cinema Over ~ agnor e.g, Helicopters dropped lesfets over the cy Opposite - a-inrcgodnty Bestigh e.g. They sat opposite each other, Under ~ go 24g, They stood under @ tree to avoid getting wet. Prepositions of Movement | Direction ~ 2n3srioxyengint fnbygberat Across - goes e.g. She walked across the fel. Along ~ ass eg, We wore walking along the street ‘Around = otiagegng, got@c Sn 2g, When leriered the room, he citron were dancing around the fe, Bown ~ Jaggne, dost 249 | slid down the hil, From ~ 8, go6 e.g. He rang me from his ofce Into 8 rbgens es Bolger) eg Let's go into the garden. Outof - esi e.g. The cork won't come out of the bot, Over ~ bo, agro e.g. The thief jumped over the fence. Up~ qgoor, Boers ‘84g, Della ran up the steps anc knocked on the door. Through — gsgezmer, 8 12.9, They walkad slowly through the wood, To- 398 eg. 'm fying to aly tomorrow. Towards ~ andssimgn8oe eg Jane stood up and walked towards Jack, Prepositions with Source of information - Enigoi.gaxgte LacBgmmds gon WsgungBqbins6 N oN watten matena! electronically ‘book, magazine, journal, newspaper, ete the radio, the Internet, telephone, TY, et. ‘e.g. She read it in a book ‘649, |heard a new song on the radio, Did you see the picture ofthe president ‘She watched a sitcom on TV. in today's newspaper? We have found all the necessary materials | read a great article in the journal yesterdey. for our report on the InternetPropositions of Time ~ enol BoSmgP 338" (On ~is used with days ofthe week, dates, special days: ‘on Monday, on Sunday, on December 31, onthe fist of September.on Easter, on Chrismas, ‘on New Yeas Eve, on Monday moming, on a hot day, on arainy dey, on a summer night, en a wine ight ec, In ~is used with months, seasons, years , decades, centuries: in January, in Way, in October, in spring, in winter, in 2015, In the early 1990s, in the late 1970s, in the 21 century, inthe moming, inthe ffernaon, inthe daytime, in the evening, in two days, ing minuto, ina year, et. ‘At~ is used with times of the day, holiday periods: at S olclock, at 7 o'clock, at Easter, at Christmas, at lunch time, at dinner at dawn, at noon, at midday, at dusk, at night, at midnight, at the weekend, at sunrise, at sunset, etc. For — We use for + a period of time to say how fong somethirg goes on: {for 7 months, for ten years, for half an hour, fora fortnight, for a long time, for ages, et. During — We use during + noun to say when something happens: during the lesson, during our holidays, during the fim, during our trip, et By ~ ergo 2. You should be at home by 11:00 p.m, Ti Aegg 2g. Fry the onions til they start to colour Until ~ B:¢9 eg, Shouldn't we wait until Cathy is here? Before ~ 5c.) eg, He's always up before dawn After ~ 3sPen3 eg, Let's go fora walk after dinner PREPOSITION OF OF ~6n6sgh spes8os6ob 36 Lognb ygegSnceaAsl e.g. Till isthe capital of Georgia. - nineglon Lngaeenggeorb e@ggadoctodo e.g. The works of Shakespeare are admired all over the world = Aol BsEgZagtigibo Benge Dungyegnnns seystighgeyn Nouns + OF: an advantage / a disadvantage of ~ Gsoigl eaggiaam so garigngnone Sbotg eg. The advantage of lving with your family is thet they take care of you. a cause of fordgh anya, anagn e.g. The cause of the explosion is unknown. 1 photograph / picture | @ map /a plan /a drawing, etc of something / somebody ~ nblgh / ondgh gro, bgfioen, Hnjos 3788, Babs8e eg. If you want to see the sightseeing, you should have a mp of the town, Adjectives + Preposition OF: to be nice of kind of / good of/ generous of / polite of stupid of ily of somebody to do something — snbdgh Absings6 yomge, jgommn, bmardenene, Migureydnabn, Ugeroeraro bodgoge 1.9, I's vary kind of you to help me. Is very generous of him fo behave tke that. {o be afraid of faghtened of / scared of teed of something soTI*body — agar goBdpin 36 snl 1.9. Are you afraid of rats? ~ Yes, m tertfiod of them. tobe fond of / proud of / ashamed of jealous of / envious of scmebody / something anugotiagh / oBogdeg / aMigegabne—al / adgebeiea / ay agh grBigin 96 Kodgbe e.g. Why are you always so jealous of other people? ‘9 be suspicious of crtcal of tolerant of somebody / something ~ aonb /yBngnggega weBmsomad geRIBHl / ByBBySerigdeyrBnl drs eA GrBeior9. He didnt trust her, He was suspicious of her intentions. to bo aware of/ conscious of something — agaSnb dro, yogis eg. | wasn't aware of your problem, to be capable of /incapabie of something ~ y6seinb 4B / gyboeinds 2.9, Im sure you are capable of passing the examinations. to be full of/ short of something ~ bog Fvigam / sdb BayeegdrB> 849. Your tests full of mistakes. fm a bit short of money now. Can you lend me some? tobe typical of characteristic of somebody — dnbngnl gadobsbosongdgenn, ody ‘24g. It's typical of him to keep everybody waiting, tobe tired of / sick of something ~ resrexo Hondjan 249. I'm tired of waiting for him. 1m sick of asking you to clean your room, tobe certain of sure of something ~ ny #8yn oFBByGydrye—0 8g. 'm sure ofthis fact. to getrid of ~ orga omBgge, Serine, BBrrgbo 2g. | want him to get ed ofthe bad habit lke smoking, Verbs + Preposition OF ta be of Georgian origin ~ jsongeqn SsrBrBsgeenBnb 2g. lam of Georgian ongin. ~ 89 gaeungegn EoPBnBoqeqnion go to dream of being / doing something = to imagine - mgfgdo, Eocngag6s ‘219. Do you dream of being rich and famous? tohear of ~ araebgdo, gems Gnd Rody 36 goBdy aM gBndbe eg. ~ Have you ever heard of Charles Dickens? ~ Are you kidding? Of course, | think everybody knows his novels to think of - agin gnBlghbg, onl godmbsggo Fondp by 249,00 you stil think of him? ‘What do you think ofthe fim? to remind somebody of something ~ angmBgSgb sexs 8.9, This song always reminds me of old times. ta complain ofa pain an illness, etc. ~ esBagengds Eyngnetnls ged 8g. We called for the doctor because John was complaining ofa pain in his stomach. to warn somebady of a danger ~ assqyabocwn gaily Srbseomgigero bagi glk’ 2.9, They wamed us ofthe coming danger. Scentsts have wamed us ofthe effects of global warming, to accuse somebody of something ~ qrBigh gaugsbsdlrgengby F330 e.g. They accused him of stealing her bag, to suspect somebody of something — ggnb gf 40632 e.g. Some students were suspected of cheating in the exam, toapprove of / disapprove of - arid, asiatinegs Mondghn / oF Ankinbghs, wgsBtingds Mgho 8g, His father doesn't approve of his behaviours. | disapprove of smoking near children, to die of - mondgom gotissgoengbo ‘249, What did she dio of? ~ A heart attack. {0 consist of - Bgegago €. Great Britain consists of three countries: England, Scotland and Wales, ‘The exam consisis of lstening and writing to take care of = to look after - Sigig9, Srgens, 2ogFinbeBy 2g. Have a nice holiday! Take care of yourselfPREPOSITION ABOUT About ~ 1. 3pbsbo8 2g, Tell me about you. ~ SosB8ye> fgg 6b Spbsby> 2, qssbeqrgBoe = approximately 0.4. Shes about twenty. ns sesshenran gel ‘Adjectives + Preposition ABOUT: tobe angry about / annoyed about furious about something = can asbskgbgenn / aocytnsSigbgenn / gsBdoagbreqn 685%) €.g, My mother was angry about the broken vase to be excited about / worried about / upset about nervous about / happy about something - sy segsaaboce / astiyharoeraPoee / Br ypineen / Gyhgoxn / Bnengtn Rol gsder ©, Are you excited about going abroad? Lucy is upsat about not being invited tothe party to be anxious about / curious about / pessimistic about / sad about / enthusiastic about - gn ByBignengdgegn / gSrbnkBnggotg / IghednigaySo / Bnbyglare / borg bos% no, bogby ‘eg. Are you enthusiastic about your work? tobe sorry about something ~ Babe 2g ‘eg. Im sorry about the mess. I'l lear it up later. tobe certain about! sure about - yn 8; eseBbgage 0g. | think he is arving this evening, but 'm nat sure about that. orbs + Preposition ABOUT: to tak about 10 read about to know about something! somebody — sogitin / Bangor / agrano go6O5 by 96 rslyby 2.9, We taked about alt of things atthe meeting to tell somebody about something / somebody ~ 948m gaBdyhs dy / ge68p 69. He told us about famous climbers, to have a discussion about somathing - Snip asSbong> ‘eg. We had a discussion about what wo should 6. {0 do something about something - Gsndigh gojger%o lnggagord grdniabBnrigderee 2g, Ifyou ere worried about the problem, you should do something about it to dream about - gsintitgs ‘6g. I ceoamt about you lastnight to hear about sgh gsa98o, BpyrBnFBs €.9, Did you hear about what happened at Jetry’s party? *> think about ~ nein ago Bysby 9 ve thought about what you said and I've decided to follow your adviee. :> remind somebody about something — Spsthy6n gol slabs Sghabn. 0.9, Please remind me about the meeting. t> complain (to somebody) about something ~ 3ghfnger go60gh rales 2ybaby’ 9, We complained to the manager ofthe restaurant about their awful food. to.wam somebody about something ~ aseytinbnags rs 2gy ‘8g. | was warned about the traffic. Why didnt believe?PREPOSITION WITH WITH ~ peice 29:1 lve with my family. ~ 25 mgsborb arene gabe With Phrases {0 be wrong with something ~ korg oy ‘9, There is something wrong with my watch. It has stopped. ‘What is the matter with you? ~ ts gant? Ms Eras? Nouns + WITH: to have a relationship with connection with a contact wth somebody / something — ongriomtel sols /sosintl / srgoddab ges geSSgbew6 96 Koepke ‘€g, Do you have a good relationship with your parents? ‘The police want o question a man in connection withthe robbery Adjectives + Preposition WITH t©.be angry with annoyed with furious wth somebody for doing someting — cap srihotgbgen / seenbnstgbgemn / seTGogghEN sA6ENy sf aajgmGBob ash ‘2.9, Are you annoyed with me for being late? to be delighted with pleased with! saisfes with / happy with aisappointed with something you receive, othe result of somathing — ce somanece / doen / oamaretagbgee Maes Gaggbon 36 Reody Fymgera 12.4, | was dalghtod with the prasent you gave me. Tm very pleased with your level of English ‘Were you happy with your exam results? {was disappointed withthe fim to.be impressed with somebody / something = aosbaignrges Srobambnb gcd 98 ea 2.9, Imvery impressed with her Engish, I's very ood to be busy with something - og doe sssanPceen 9, have ben very busy wth work ately to be popular with somebody ~ barggbeernes Indeevtinnon 2.9. Hes popular with his students. to be fed up with something ~sgexdo sSranares 8 2. dont enjoy my job any more. med up witht. _'m fed up with the awful weatho. {© be bored with something ~ dng Bras 369 9, "bored with the fim tobe crowded with people ~ boszbneboghy 29, The streets were crowded with tours, to be acquainted wth somebody — agSndng sf 9, mot sequainted wth nim to be familar with = oqmea, BacEBe ay going a e9. Are you familar with Htalian food? Verbs + Preposition WITH: to agree wth somebody! to disagree with somebody - gogo grab / 9 aagensbin gobigh 49, | absolutely agree with you to argue with somebody ~ goSdphow ysison0 eg. Yesterday | argued with my classmate to compare with something / somebody ~doxsees gobo / son 2.9, Nobody compares with you to fil something with something - sgh Fy Rondon eq. Toke this saucepan and fil twith water to provide somebody with supply somebody with - stergbgomyres / Aniarnagbs gfghn MsAhay ‘2.9, The schoo! provides lis students with books10 deal with ~ gadgbon6 Uoeénl dbs, sts gsGbnetgs, aFicBengin Bmggotigds €.g. Our government must deal withthe problem of high unemployment, ‘a collide with ~ dyzsbabe ‘eg. There was an accident this morning, A bus colided with a cay, ‘2 cope with ~ agab gorendggs, go2jmoggbo, odergge 8g. It must be realy hard to cope with three children and a job. Phrasal Verbs With WITH: ‘a geton wih somebody ~ 1. fms, Bpago’s @.g, We get on with each other perfectly, 2 aoardgenots _@.g. Class, listen and let James get on with his presentation PREPOSITION TO To ~ Jg6 ndoranyengdnb asdenbabosaguie gx@rmnygBigds) ‘0 go to the cinema, to go to the theatre, to go to the country, to goto a concert. to go to bed, to drive to the airpor, to take somebody to hospital, to send somebody to rison, to return te Tbilis Preposition of Time ~ geno Sofi gee: TO gagie, Fd osegno eg, Iti fen minutes to five. tis @ quarter to seven, / Is twenty minutes to nine, With Phrases: ‘on my way to Schoo! ~ gee byrcenb 6 on my way tothe vilage ~ abot meee gS Nouns + To: 2 journey toa trp t/a visit to ~ gadgbogrigds / Srabugtinds / grbagn bag) ‘eg. It is my first visit to your country. = gl Rida 2nrrggean grBaogo erdgg Bl dggesSoBn an invitation to (a party, @ wedding) | a solution to (a problem) / a key to @ doar / an answer to a question /a reply to letter / # reaction to/ damage to /an attitude to something - &ndsgngg3> aDeedsby, Jews BneBo / I6MBxxg Sob go—ays /j26rks goboegin / joabgs'g Isligho / ByFecry Zigon / sg %y Sgogtans / orl ‘bso / peBmjowpegenyds HBeb BosKen 8g. The accident was my fault, so | had to pay for the damage tothe other car. - agotion AgB Biogre oye, bq ind BrGnsggh Igy B{abnb cesbooBBad aod gooey Did you get an invitation to the wedding? ~ gesABoegal, Arno Fgg30 Boney? | hope well find a solution tothe problem. — alpen Sade Aaexy gairgno 98 Iinbachas6 aodokgoels | was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion. - gogmgun Beh igadcestag, mgs gb aogoogaty His attude to his ob is very negative. - ob doeas5 Eagagrarag fink gabibyrdneen Wlbobepls Arlyn. Adjectives + Preposition TO: tobe maried to somebody to be engaged to somebody —nyev ng @adrSBobgigcen / enbnyep9 eg. Sheila is marcad to an American. ~ 3gaces s8gFnjgmr¥gs maJosBoRyE geo. tbe similar to - nyrib ls Bbgoglo e.g. Your writing is similar to mine. - agfin goexngraqys AyBlse aacb. tobe accustomed to something /to be used to ~ SnFggen nen sigh 2.g.m accustomed to gotting up eaty ~ greroan acy sags go Fagen. Are you Used to crving? tobe adaicted to something ~ ayn aogauabgern dom, retiggneen Ge arto, mdryregie shy ‘2.9. 'm addicted to coffee. ~ 8 yoga 494 modmynagdge. tobe allergic to something - seage gob geo 686) 124g. 0 you allergic to animal hair? ~ yberuanls 3y8yRy aerators pode? {0 be indifferent to something ~ aqevaoea nye ondob Brot 2.g. 'm indiferent to his behaviours. ~ 8) abcassrg6Sgean goth Bb Ladangeeo, tobe kind 1 / generous to / polite 10 / nude to / friendly to somebody — nBlgb BnBorion baggonnd / agengbgrBol / goer Bab / gbgBmine / BggeBmnb gsderbo go€.g. They have always been nice to me. ~ atofo ynggean son 8 Why wore you 60 rude to Jack? ~ 06 sby qegdae gm Brndon? to bo sensitive to something ~ nyo 8gFdrdnaty ales BrBston 0.9. She is always Sensitive fo thase issues. - 8 Lyons Andon ymggeragns BardinBostigs tobe fatto somebody /to be devoted to somebody ~ ny sph Gilden aaRBRagE / gE €.9, He's faithful to his beliefs. ab. gegen ong EBgns Grdaton He's devoted to his family. - ob gegen, ogqonabaees angen esbab Boater to be attached to something - eng ayn 3 BnBsgegd3e—9 €.. The photo's attached to this mail. - grim gages Snes Verbs + Preposition TO: 10 apologise to somebody ~ arin Anatase gad 4g, They apologized to me what had happened to apply to somebody ~ aniarongs gogo €.. | applied tothe manager ofthe company. -& dngdoving yids6mn 86g to belong to- asaafinsh sr 62q oy €.. This cr belongs to me. ~ 95 836s Bo. to compare to- Byasrghs 2.9, The road is quite busy compared to OUTS. - gb abs gar» gomabantirgemns gnatig go (sb) to connect to esjogdngs €., His friends were tying to connect to him butin vein, — Blin Sggmdeigbo oxereenbg6 Aas aygrighsl, BogHs8 Beg {0 describe something to somebody ~ aspen eg €.9. Can you describe that dress to me? 10 explain something to somebody — gb go58qb Fig @.g, Can you explain this rule to me? to happen to - Aad 883550 €.g, Something very stenge happened tome onthe way home. = fone Fag Bais xg hei to invite somebody toa party /a wedding, ete. - @s3a8nger, Amnfgom op Egoen8ob9, €.9, They imited only very close friends and rolaves to their wedding so abrerne sen BgaeBrigbo @ Boengoggdn eodognggs Bnet to listen to somebody / someting - drgsoin gph, 4g, Listen to met Loten listen to the rac. to move to aoesbges boa @.g, Our neighbours are moving to Paris 10 prefer something to someting ~ s2orixdghndob dogods 24. | profer coffee to tea {prefer summer to winter. | prefer swimming to skating toshoutto somebany to throw someting to somebody — nag Bird aur / gh Or nes 4 He shouted to me from the other side of the street Jetry shouted “Catch!” and threw the keys to me to talk to somebody / 1 speak to somebody ~ jeaistay,ghogden go 6lyl €.9. Who was that man you were talking to? to write something to somebody ~ Arun 6) gob 9. | wrote tothe hotel complaining about the poor service we had received Phrasal Verbs With TO: to look forward to something — dexgBgberoe een €.9'm looking forward to seeing you {im looking forward to your reply. —GRAMMAR ANOTHER THE OTHER OTHER nonspecific specific nonspecific Iisused with singular countable | | It is used wit singular, pura tis used with pra or oun ‘countable, or uncountable nouns ‘uncountable nouns, Meaning: one more; one ‘Meaning: the second of two Meaning: adational or extra ‘ition: an alternative. things oF peop; the remaining iterative; aferent type of 29, 1s thro anctner seat Peopiecrtings ina gruporset | something ‘2alable on this fight? 8g Thiscarisnew The other | 2.9, Oherinformation can be ones ve years ot found on out wets aobighstgsgeqo Boggoegtabgens ANOTHER ~ Jorgg ghiem godrmycb pbs @ebsgy3nem Gonggfodal gobimisbodogow Sbrazartnen Bogkga Bxagori mgeade aleginer bsbgey gob ‘Another is singular. We don’ use it with plural nouns. 849. There is another car park ate further down the same street. — 38239 dab Bneqrb goeag smn oqgrbomgrno Please, give me another cup of tea. - gordmgan, gos gern grab Fon Brig. | want to have another piece of cake. — yaa Fn Bogutin BaSytgetin Big ‘Another's og grsegg 36mg BErdgbgeerdo ~ Ubge 85 €.g. | don't ike this dress. I buy another, - ay 4 Bn6mBl gl joo, Lbgsl gry. # idoggboon Romgyimbal ansinbobagogee, Bageyrne Fen yor’ egecone bgBno> Lsbgengdin igo sbgag nga alge Labyangbans6 ardrnyg6pds Bowationgn Lsbgemn MORE ~ joes More is used with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns, eg. There are more chairs in the next room if you need them. ~ aggre est jrigag afd Lyon ong adntgsdoo. ‘We need more information before we can make a dacision. — goboggdoor nbegrsBoyes agderieads gomsbygg seid BocygdIa) Please give me 3 more cups of coffee. - amram srizag lola grBxzs6 yogo Bodgueo> Pour some more milk into my glass, please. ~ jngn3 gsdouboo dg dogs, grbengen. gnabgoorn Bougocebsbgeenb what ~ obs ms bbgo goobgoo Gaggueebsbgerginl 3p8ia9a g>demy 689 Linda ELSE - yoregg S6rdj6ge3rB00 co Bsb syBoan Lobgern 9 BrdygBs, 2g. What else would you like fo say? ~ yaxgg Fron odo haya? Who else knows this story? ~ yoagag snd raga po 8 Where else did you sae him? ~ joazag baee gnBsbogo os? pobgnern Boxygoersbgeynl What — ob ByGaga gsdinaygBgbs Ungyge Other — gow bogs 3s 6geynnen ong Endygqbo sfugBoaw lbgemn BFogeeynen agg, e.g. What other books by Charles Dickens have you read, apart tron ‘Oliver Twist’? 408 Fo BogBgdn Bogryperdsgor ‘maengg® gill’ gorige Kom senjgBbels Bog gabyeoega? But What else have you read? — jnwqag 2 Eogrynonbogor? What other countries have you seen? — joss Gegcon dggyigdo anbsbogh? But Where else nave you been? ~ joceng base soupnegbori? 4 Other ~ bogs, agen, Ife use other before @ singular countable noun, we must use another determiner (the, my, our, some, any, no, etc.) before it 2.9. dont ike the red one. | prefer the other colour. —fnergern 2 Sndn6l. Bgrtig gun Bago, ‘She carried 2 suitcase in one hand and an umbrelia in the other one. tier boenn BoBmeo, bree Sgmtigdn ~ Jess aos ‘Simon is at university; our other son is stil at school. ~ onde UenegBigns Rago Bgetig gogo gn ~ BrbBageny,‘Amanda got 100% in the final examination. No other student has aver achieved that. — 9836q38 100 % Goncan bognBsenm aadingesdo. sAiggtion Ubgo GriUBogengh 9 Borges gl Age. Lot's moet some other day. - dra tgs aaah 2aghgmam. ‘Other means ‘adcitional or extra’ or alternative’ or ‘diferent types’. We can use other with singular ‘uncountable nouns and with plural nouns, ‘eg. Some music calms people, other music has the opposite effect. (diferent types of music) ‘tengo Ogjongo odBgoggBb tomb, Logs Babys Us2nFnbdnrim gad sda ‘The embassy website has general information about visas. Other travel information can be ‘obtained by calling the ree phone number. (adsitional or extra information) Logegionaaagore'ty rgsen nBigrtayos e@agl goTynb JpbsbyB, Ubgs bade aati eByrGdsgoo yndexa8s Bonga sgslin boggeeggrbn bE. As a pronoun, other has a plural form, Others ~ Gobo ogg 2g. Ill attach two photos to this email and Il send ethers tomorrow. — 38 gregh 2 qn eorainng, UbggBL byoey go8o3raBog6o. ‘Some of these magazines are about sclence, others are about art. ‘Bergngtionn 98 ry BoengBagss BexybogHgdob Bgbaby® oFinb, Lbggbo gn ~ BoeergBgdsty. The others 68390 go6aeRySgB. 219. There are 10 people in the classroom. 2 are from Latin America and the others are from Asia. ~ Logegolin mersbil 10 segadnaBo. 2 esmnfin sBgfn grad oink, SELF IBgan Jo ~ sbongs6 Ex: 1 Choose the correct words. 1. Walter, 111 have (another 1 other) mug of beer, please. 2. Buy one CD and well give you (another | other) completely froe. 3. Have you got any (other 1 another) questions? 4. | went swimming —_ the (other / another) day, 5. Some applicants want student visas, {other / another) applicants want resident visas and (other / the other) applicants want tourist visas. 6. | cant do two questions but I've done all {the others / others) 7-The line is busy atthe moment, call {other / another) time. 8. (Other / Another) People may disagree but | think we have to apologize. 9. Some people found the book interesting while (others / another) said it was boring 10. All my family are sitting in the ving room. Mother is ceoking and (the others / another) are watching TV. 11. chose these shoes in the end because (the other / another) cones were all too expensive. 12, This phone is not mine. Please give me (the other / other) fone. 13. Timothy had an operation on (another / the other) knee, 14, Where —____(else / other) have you boon?15. What______—_ (else / other) countries, have you seen? 16. Ten people were in the store, Two were buying meat and {others 4 the others) were walking around looking for more food. 17. | have two daughters. One has blue eyas. and {the other / another) has hazel ones. 18. There are five students from Italy, (others / the others) are from Spain and (others / the others) are trom (others / other) places. 19. Did you make any —_ {other / another) mistakes in your test? 20, Would youlike to have (another other) cup oftea? 21. Good friends often give presents to (each other / one another) on Christmas Day. 22. They both work at the same place, and see (each other / one another) ‘every day. 23. Some of my friends are from the Middle East, _ (others | the others) ‘are from the Far East and (others | the others) are from Lain America. 24. Give me {another / other) chance. 25. Great Britain consiss of three countries. One is England, (the other / the others) are Wales and Scotland,someone says something positive and + someone says something negative and we agree with them we use neither. ‘know English. - ag gage rBaser’atn Neither {Nor dol. ~ He isnt playing computer Neither INor is Sophia. etter / Nor wil James, Jackie watching TV. seam» Borage wunHyB0. Sols Lucy. eying. “They will come soon. - oben fsezg Saeg So will Bob. — imag. = B00 wll come soon to. T dont knee Chinese, ~ 39 96 gage ben, So and Neither we agree with them we use so $0 do | gg. = | know English too Lucy is watching TV too. ap, = | don’ know Chinese eltne. games. — cb of a AinB dryers OOPS, ‘vig bogs. = Sophia ist laying computer games eithor. ‘They won't Be late. ~ shoo 6 wooggrfoha® ‘sc qnfon. = James went be late ether alogfie sFbgBeBL mtn Lsbab Sabin @aregdne eo BHAyMaAD greta stb, Goby Segbon. cqugg@no oH, Kenenb9e $0 + psthh ggaotbégton BrBomaegg8b asbyrbr SpPrgnabonr oe. 1) 4s BoB sgacegdsde YAS Ho e@erBag 26a 8 Fre ~ Doss Baseessobgeee Too — Kndgegng BB snggbnor EnBsereginl BrewrBe gM p 8. $0 and Yoo are used to show agreement with positive statements. So * ausiliary + subject Person: A | am happy. ~ oagingtin go You are making a noise. Jack kes pizza. We were late. She watched a film yesterday. ‘She will pass the exam. They have done their work He had come home by midnight Person: B. So am |, = | am happy 100. - 899. ‘So are they. = Thay are making a nose too, So does Jane. = Jane likes pizza too. So were they. = They wore late too. So did |. = I watehed a fim to. ‘So willhe. = He will pass the exam too. So have we, = We have done our work too. So had |. =| had.come home by micnight too, symegnon S86, Fegbog gQes6bOgbnor BoGomsmgdgb 338m: BoBrgnateoton “i: Neither INor + o2h26y 88s BoBagame Be BB end te of en) = Sen Bo grcby -& Either = eimdgeqne, 98 ynqgbnen BoBsmeegSes Brarde oghg Bo. Nether Nor and Either are used to agree with negative statements Neither | Nor + Auxilary + Subject Person: A + 3. lam not hungry. ~ 6 Bos. You aren't trying much. | don't need your hele. ‘Simon doesn ke fish | wasn't amused at the party “They did like the fl, ‘She won't apologize. We haven't eaten yet, James hasrit got up yet Henry hedn't arrived by dawn, Person: B [Neither am |. = Ym not hungry ether. ~ 9 8p. Neither are you. = You aren tying much either. "Neither do |, = | don't need your help either. [Neither does his wife, = His wife doosn't like fish either. Neither were we. = We weron't amused at the party ether. Noltner did |. = I lin lke the film ether. Neither will he. = He won't apologize ether. Neither have we. = We haven't eaten yet either. Neither has his brother. = His brother hasrit got up yet ether. Noither had Jeffry. = Jaftry hadi’ arived by dawn eitherEx: 2 Fill the gaps with the articles (a an / the) where it is necessary. 41. have never seen such beautiful flowers. 2. Can you recommend ___ good restaurant? 3. We had to wait at airport for hour. 4. They are waiting for us at__ Heathrow Airport. 5. We live in ‘small fat in contre of city, 6. I's time to go to bed 7. | wonder if you can help me. ! have problem. 8. Jack didn't go to work yesterday, 8 When John was il, we all went to hospital to visithim. 10. He is___ richest mn in world. 11. My fiends climbed Mount Everest. 12. We had a very nice meal, _ meat was especially tasty, 13. He Is clever and I'm sure he can give you __ useful advice. 14. interview \which Simon had yesterday was quite successful. 18. People living in Europe don't need ___visas to travel about Europe. 16. James went io__ hospital to pick up his wife who is_ surgeon there. 17. ‘Assoon 2s Jeffry got__home from _school, he went straight to__bed, because he falt as ithe had __flu. 18, We went io Paris for__holiday. 19. Mother asked Timothy to tell_truth. But he told__ ie. 20. Thank you for__letter you sent me. ve just returned __ home after spending _— few weeks in__Paris. was staying with friend I told you about. Do you remember Louis, French boy! meton__holidayin_Gresoa? He has_wonderful lat with __good view of __ Eifel Tower. Ex: 3 Put the prepositions in the gaps, Into from by out 41. The police will never find who committed the murder. 2, We were amazed _her speech. 3, They used to be very good friends. 'm surprised to hear that they have fallen, 4.You can pay creditcard. 5. An investigation into the accident will be carried ‘a8 soon ‘as possible. 6. Five multiplied three is equal to fiteen. 7. Soldiers must carry ‘orders. 8. The name Tblisiderives _ the old Georgian word “Tpit, mening warm. 9. I'm very impressed _his English, it's very good, 10. 85 X 35 ? | naad toda this on paper. cant work it in my head. 11. Cats, ike other animals, suffer lUnesses too. 12. He lost control of the car and crashed a tree. 13, Henry went to university but dropped ater a year. 14, Good luck forthe future. | hope everything works. well for you. 16 the ‘way, where is your mother? 18. You should protect your skin the sun. 17. Fiteen divided ____ three is equal to five. 18, Nick works _ at the gym three times a waek. 19. We ‘must defend our country enemies. 20. | don't know how he is geting 21. She blew the candies fon her cake and made a wish. 22. We often translate sentences from Georgian _ English and vice versa English into Georgian. 23. | tumed the lights before leaving. 24, Ill explain itto you step ‘stop. 25. We managed to put the fre 28. Have you heard Sophia lately? — No, she hasn't phoned me yet. 29. You'll have to go home yourself. 20. When my mother was baking a cake, suddenly the lights went 31. Some of the names on the lst are crossed 32, My English isnt very good, buti’s enough to get 33, Don' leave me at your wedding. 34. What did he die From a heart attack. 35. Day day he is getting better.Ex: 4 Put each of the following words or phrases in the correct space in the passage below. |A) scientist believed celebrated jokes published called became _red-leafed April Fools’ Day has a long tradition. It was frst celebrated in France, The story says that, before the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1862, the French (1), the New Year in April The celebration lasted for eight days. After the new calendar was introduced, January 1 (2) the frst day ofthe New Year. Some people didn’ like the new calendar and continued to celebrate the New Year on April 1. They were (3) ‘Apt foo's', People would make “ ‘about them or played tricks on them. The tradition spread to other counties. One ‘of the most famous April Foo's' joke was @ BBC programme, which said that spaghetti grow on trees in Switzeriand. Many people (5) this because in 1957 not many people in the UK ate ‘spaghetti, although today spaghetti is an important part of the Ertish diet. More than 30 years later a British newspaper (6) 4 story about another unusual plant growing on a farm. Its ‘non-scientific name was the (7) cabbage. We don't think people believed that story. ‘Another joke connected to April Fools’ Day happened in 1991. A British newspaper showed a photo of a ‘small monkey coming out of an egg. They said that a (2) had mixed the genes of a ‘monkey with the genes of a chicken to make this amazing new animal B) treat decorated ancient trick costumes origin doorbells. event Halloween, which is a contraction of All Hallows’ Evening, is also kaown as All Hallows’ Eve or All Saints' Eve, It is celebrated on October 31. It is an exctirg (1) in the United States and Great Britain. Halloween has (2) Celtic origins. Typical Halloween (3) are the witch, ghost, skeleton, monster, vampire or alien. Young people have fun ‘making their own costumes, but some prefer to buy them. In the aternoon children put on their costumes ‘and have a Halloween party at school. Schools are (4), with purnpkins, ghost, witches {and bats. Its a popular tradition to maka Jack o ‘Lanterns out of pumpkins. People put them in front Cf the windows of their homes. The Jack o ‘Lantern is of Celte (5) too. Candied ‘apples, nuts, popcorn and pumpkin pies are favourte Halloween food. American and British chikren {90 “tick-or.treating” on Halloween evening. Thay go from house lo house in their costumes and ring (6) ‘When the door opens they shout, "Trick or (7) 2" People usually give them sweets or money. If nt, the children play @ (8) + Treat or trick! — no ang gon! ©) crops feast celebrated survive harvest starved forget religious Thanksgiving Day is a public holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. The event that Americans commonly call the "First Thankssiving” was (1) after the first harvest in New World by the Pilgrims who were a very (2) group of people who left England to go and lve in America, The first winter after their arrival was a terble time. Many of them were sick and many of hem (3)_ Native Indians taught the Pilgrims how to plant,to fish, to hunt and how to (4) in America, The (5) that they had planted grew well and inthe fal of 1621 the Pilgrims had a great (6) They were so thankful for their harvest that they decided to colebrate with a (7) ‘And they didnt (8) This feast lasted three days. toiinvte their Indian fiends to share their Thanksgiving feast! Ex: 5 Match each person on the left with the correct definition on the right. AA). An arsonist ~ goer gsBfgBn, ndyangdgem Z.Ashopiter-septhsin, Grdpemg astosin ayo 3. Amugger ~ ysen, dal 8doeyageqn 4, An offender ~ bsBarioneesArgaggs 93638999 5.Avandal -9sfiienn, Avastin 6. A burglar — es80b gern 7.Amurderer -aygnoc0 8. Akidnapper— dogg gs28ougb9ee 9. A pickpocket —jandnb gorten 10. Atororst ~ agin T1.Aspy ~ xsBaBh, sowed 42680 12. An accomplice ~ gsSsisgeeob 28:86 1 2 3 : 8 8 B) 1. Anassassin -aggexgeeo, SoresO 2. A hooligan ~toegotn 3. Astowaway ~ y8oagam dabogto 4.Athiat ~ jgsizo 5. Ahlacker ~lsasytie 833083 6.A forger- guextognssdree 7. Arobbor ~ Moeeaace9 B.A smuggler = yoigrsts5erigo 8. Atraitor dresens9 10. Agangster- asians, ags'Boyn gga 11. Adoserter~ acta 12. Abigamist - negreps6n, SA goen 8460 1 2 3. 7. 6 A ‘A) uses violence for political reasons. B) helps a criminal in a criminal act C) steals things rom peopa's pockets in crowed places. Dj breaks into houses or other buildings to steal Estes a shops whi acing as an ortnary custome. F,) sels fre to property illegally. {G) deliberately causes damage to property H)is anyone who breaks the law. 1} gets secret information from another country. 4) altacks and abs people, often in the street. K)ekes avay pect foce demanding money thet rtm, kas someone. 4 fe 6 10. 1 2 || steals money, et. by foros from people or places. B) betrays his or her country to another state. (©) brings goods into a county legal without paying tx. ) isa soldier who runs away from the army. E) marries illegally, being married already. F) is a mamber of a criminal. G) makes counterat (false) money or signatures, H) causes damage or disturbance in public places. |) fs someone who steals, 3) murders for political reasons or a reward. Kj makes the pilot change course by force, LL) hides on a ship or plane to get a free journey. 4 5. 6 10. 1, aEx: 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, ‘a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. a ‘Two drinks that changed the world ‘According to legend, § 000 years ago the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, ordered everyone (1) China to boll water to avoid disease. One day, he was going to drink some water, (2) ‘some leaves fell (3) ‘a tee into. Shen Nung tried the brown liquid (4) found it extremely refreshing. And so, that was the start of tea. By (5) o* ‘contury AD, tea had spread to Japan ~ the place (6) It became vary popular, especially ‘among Buddhist monks. In the 17% century, tea spread in Europe and then in America, Nowadays, tea is (7) ‘common drink in many countries. China, India and Kenya are the largest tea producers and the Japanese sill take part (8) the rather long and complicated tea ‘ceremony, According (9) another legend around 800 8, a farmer in he mountains of Ethiopia noticed his goats eating some bright red berries anc then running around happily. He tasted them and immediately felt ess tired. Soon, Ethiopian monks were using the berries in adrink to keep themselves awake during nightly prayers. Later the crink spread to Avabia and was taken tc Turkey and finaly to Europe. Inthe 17" century, coffee was a very popular drink for Europeans. At one ime, there were three thousand coffee houses in London, Now, about four hundred blion cups (10), coffee are drunk every day. 8) ‘The story of Valentine's Day Valentine's Day, slso known as Saint Velentine’s Day, is celebrated in many countries around (1) ‘word, although its nota public holiday in most (2) them. In early Christian times St Valentine was a holy man (3) ‘was imprisoned and then killed (4) performing weddings between people who were forbidden to marty. Before he died he wrote a message tn the prison wall, The message was for the woman he loved (5)_ he signed the message ‘Your Valentine! St. Valentine's Day, (6) Is celebrated on the fourteenth of February, became the festival of lovers. According (7) _ the tration, young men used to write paems to give to young women. Ifthe men weren't good at wriing poetry they would cory one posm (8) poetry book. Girls made cards and gave them to the young men. The vame of the sender of the card was (9) secret. People never signed those cards, Today you can buy lots of cards and presents to sond on Valentine's Day Valentine's Day symbols, 10) are used today, include the heart-shaped objects, doves and the figure ofthe winged Cupid,Tests: 1. This pon isnt working, Please give mo_ A another B others ©. the others D others one 2 books this? A who 8. Whose ©. whos . Whom 3. Some young people lke 1 do things independent jus by Achim B, herself Chis D themselves 4 My ister speaks Engich A. good 5 better well D. best 5. Theospitalis carving ___ test to fnd out what's wrong with her A.away B.from con Deut 6. My ister is fond of sports ‘A and she spends a lot of time inthe school gym, C8 she has no gym at schoo B.s0 she doesn't spend a lot of time in the school gym. but she spends alt of time on training, 2 itis a beaut piace, very few people go there atthe woekands, Apa B Because CAS though & These jeans are__ those ones. ‘A. mare fashionable than 8. most fashionable. most fashionable. more fashionable Chien seem to lean more interesting things compared __when we were at schoo Aw Ben fom wath 10, We can eat ether a roast chicken salads for dinner. and Bas ©. but Dior You can park your carin the centre of Tbisi__ sometimes its very ifcut to find @ space, Acand 8 that ©. because Dibut 12. This dish tastes A. badly B sweetly ©. good D. wel 13. On the university campus you can work inthe lbrary__yau can't use computers there Aso B that Gas D. but 14, Many people died starvation. At ain cot Dien |S, About @ century ago people ___ ths kind of hard work, A usualy do 8. usualy da does usvaly Did usualy 16, Hcant hear your voice well. Can you speak abt? Aloud B lousy louder D.toudost 17. The Bifol Tower ia Pais ie made of. ‘A. paper B. brek ron D. glass 18, nave _cup of water. msi hist. Acother 8 the other the omers DB. another 19, All these materials are mixed up. have to sor them Aout Bin cup Dainto 20, If country had no rain fora long time, this ry period is called _ A food B. avalanche ©. earthquake | D. drought 21, Ihwas 2 hot summer day, The sun was shining A bright brightly ©. brighter D brightest 22. There are earthquakesin Japan ___time__tme, A.tosin Binito to/from D. tom to23, Jefy has gone tothe bakery, we can have dessert, Aas but that Deo 24, Henn's teacher was angry _him because of his failure A about ‘Bon C.for wth 25, Simon often looks A. seriously 8 happily ©. serious D. strangely 26, Crockery (plates, cups, saucers) is made of A steel 5 rubber Ci china . wood We had to sty eat formating A haraly J har hard /harly ©. hard hare arly nary 28, My teacher gives us__ marks. Alow short C.tal Dibad 29, Amanda loves reacng books __ she often vis the lorry. Aas 8 athough cbt Diso 20. is the fesh ofa sheep and __is he flesh ofa pig A. Potk mutton B.Mutlon pork. Boo voal . Veal beet 31, Tum vero __ page 20, please. AS Be Ban Dathe Thiswasthe task odo, A hardly 5 hard ©. hardest D harder 33, He speaks French ___than English A the best 5 good © beter Dwell 34, Thayhaverun__of monay Away B.tom ito Diout 58. leant goto the concert__I have to get ready for an exam, Aw Band cas that 36. Cartyres are made of_. A steal B rubber ©. china D. wood I's hard to say whether Hemingway __Ftagerald is more intresting cultural loon Avene Bor ©. but 0.88 38. There was a drought __ten months _ Central ica, Ain itor B.forsin during Hin 0. In/ during 34 Althe end ofthe lacture, the lecturer gave _ information shass tothe audience Aout Bin Cup Dt0 40. 1know a boy _name is Jason. A. who B who's whose whom 41, In some pats of he wor, th ground shakes fom me to time. This is called an A food B. avalanche ©, eartnquske Di drought 42, This a2 useturule,___elifcu to remember Acand but Cas Deo 42. Profits depend largely ___ production and sales. Ain Bat with Dion 444, The orchestra doesn't perform in summer _ the musicians ar on holiday. A.and Bas cso that 45. Children were playing around while ther parents A takes B. have been taking. had been taking. ware talking46, Cutlery (knives, forks, spoons) Is made of A steo! rubber C.china D. wood ". the women's a tescher? A What 8.80 Which of D.whaot 48. My mother was angry __the broken vase, awh Bol cen D about 49, Where does tis calogue take place? += Can you have @ look at my car? = Whats wrong with i? -Itwont sta, +1368, But you have to walt Ihave to finish wath tis ear frst A.Atth car shop BALte ca repair step. Atte careciton hal. _D.Althe spots al 5, Solar energy is hest energy thal comes tom the sun Solar heat panels concent the sus heat io warm wale anc create power, Siar power helps save other sources of energy such as al gas and other ues. Solar Panels collect the sun's heat anc chango tio usefl energy, Accering tothe txt whats scar energy? A. Usoful energy B. Sun's heatwam water C. Heat energy fom the sun, Solar panels 51, Be__ | Acar is approaching A. carefully 8 quietly caret D.sitenty 52 1 probably go tomorrow. - A Sow 8 Nether © Seam! Sede 53, Thoy are seling thelrhouse, 7 Aare not they B havent they © arent ney D. nave they ‘4, Amanda isthe best pull in our cass, ” ‘A does she B. doesn't she is she D.tsntshe 55, I went running very early yesterday meming, A Sod 8 Nor di ©.Soam! D.Sodoi 56, We are going fora walk. Who tego with us? A. is wanting B. does want ©. want , wants Timotiy kes orangas__ doesnt ke tangerines, Aso But Cas that 8, Davie kes tana Aloo 8.1dose, © sod! Dasa! 58, Lets go to London next week, 2 A should we 8. shall we wont we D.cowe 60, You ave allergic to cats, you? A arent don werent Dae (61. They aren't ity, ‘ey? arent Bare co D dont 62, We__ dinner in restaurant but wa don't have enough money A.was having B. were having C.usetohave . used to have 3, Ive been waltng __the bus fr 18 minutes, Aon Bia ter Det (64. What__eatng out tonight? A about Bot Cor Dien (65, Who _wine on my carpet? Theres big rx stain behin the sofa. A. spit has spit nad spit D spill6, ©. 7. 80 au ss. Unless you_more careful you _an accident. A.willbeiwithave —-B.wilbe/have —C.are/wiltuve Dare /have ‘Aexander ___ to Pais, Ais never B.have never bean Chas neverbeen _D. had never been urea this? A. Whose 8.Who Whom D.whos The plane crashed _a mountainside into Bin cw up Aone 8.80 but Dias The English are famous___their conservatism, awit Bot cat Dior My brother speaks English A. bac 5. worse Cc. badty the worst Doors are usually made of Aste! 1 rubber China 1. weod Don't bother about lunch for us, wel get some Aviothe way B.by the way on the way inthe way back '. She is notwortied ___her exams Aor B about wth D.of When it rains very heavily and the land is under water, this is called @ food 8. avalanche C.eathquate D.droughi My friend cant ive___a cup of strong coffee A.without Bout cup D. about Is there_stange in what Im saying? A, somathing| Bany ©. oting DB. anyting The dinner was both delicious nutious abut Bs cas and ‘The weather in Georgia _very often compared with Great Bain, A. fntehanging Bicon'tchange —-C.aren'tchanging _. doesnt change The main expert__tran iso. Ato Bat tom Dien It froze very hard that night there was no ce anywhere neat day. A. When 8, Though Cas D0 Iam keen on mathematics ‘an dont goin for sport Cor take part in the math Olympiad, B. but my sister has bought me lot of math books. D. thats why! wanl to enter business faculty. When the fog__we__where we are Ait wal | will wil see C. wil se Dit wil see ‘This is Mrs, Thomson _son lives in Duin Awho B. whom Cowho's D. whose Rescue teams searched___ injured people. A for Bio con Dat James is ntligent_he also works very har 2 nat 8. because Cane Dor88 Inever__my child alone athome as she is vory litle Aramain remind Cleave stay 89, She walkod into her_ office without anybody noticing he, A.sistes B. sister sisters D.sisters 0, When the police question the thet, ne diént__the truth, A speak 8 reply answer Datel ‘iL, What do you think about your last exam? - A. worked so har, .1 don't know the result B. The place was ver interesting D. twas not so difeut 492, Iwas looking the phone number inthe phonebook when they enteree A through Bp out 2. forwarc 93. My fiend Jory speaks very A fast B aster tasty D-tastost 94. don't think we've met before. Youre confusing me with ___ Aone other B. somaone else (other person. some ator. 95, Why ae you fling the bucket wih water? —1_my car ‘A. was washing B. washed C.am going towasn 0. wash %. these gis do you know? ‘A which of B. what of who are How many 97. How did you enjoy he party at cur house? - AA Ihad a wondertl time, . have never been to the partes 8. ove partes 1. The poopie were so well dressed 98, Dis you enjoy the Am? At too nce, B Notrealy (6. Thank you asking. Never mind 99. Cats make great pets. Many people love them. They are easy lo lake cae of They are alsa very helpful On farms they Keep auvay mice and rats. Cats are very fiendly and bring happiness to ther owners. They ‘are very playful and smart 100. Cats ays Know Whal hey want and hew tage irom the owners, There 18.63 milion ats in America today. This means more people own cats tha dogs ‘The tox is about | cage and ther owners. B. dangerous pets C. cats a8 pats. Disses ater fons 500.Whales are mamma's. They breathe alr ke us, They rise tothe surface ofthe water to breathe, They lve in the oceans ofthe world. There are many diffrent kinds of whalas. Some are kilar whale, humpback whale, rey whale, They are some ofthe largest animals, The largest whale the blue whale. It can grow tobe a hundred feet long and woigh as much as 18 elephants. tis the biggest animal onthe ert, Which isthe largest whale? ‘AThekilerwhale. 8. The blue whale Menurptackwrale —. The grey whaleTask: 1 Read the text, Then read the statements below and decide whether they are TRUE (1) or FALSE (F). Circle the right answer. The history of chocolate Many of us love chocolate and many countries make different tinds of chocolates as well as products In which chocolate is an important ingredient. For some countries, ike France or Switzerland, chocolate {s one of the main exports, bringing to these countries hundreds of thousands of dollars, But not many fof us know much about how chocolate is produced or about the history of chocolate and the chocolate making industry, Chocolate is @ kind of food that is made from the seeds of the treobroma cacao trae, ‘Theobroma is @ Greek word meaning ‘ood of the gods'. The tree orginally cones fram the Amazan region af South ‘America. Hand-sized pods that grow in the tree contain caczo seeds - often called “cocoa beans’ These seeds or beans are used to make chocolate. They started to use cocoa beans around 1000 BC. Later, the Mayan and Aztec civilisations made a drink from cocoa seeds. They often flavoured it with ingredients such as chili peppers and other spices. Drinking curs of chocolate was an important part of Mayan rituals such as wedding ceremonies, People also believed that eating cocoa beans had postive ‘effects on health. For example, in Peru eating or drinking a mixture of chocolate and chili was said to be ‘900d for your stomach. The Aztecs thought that i cured sicknesses such as diarrhea and one story says that their ruler, Montezuma, drank fity cups of cocoa ¢rink a day Christopher Columbus, with his Spanish explorers, made his fourth trip across the Atlantic in the early 118008, and arrived on the coast of Honduras, in Central Americe, There he discovered the value of cocoa ‘beans, which were used as money in many places. n the sixtearth century, anather Spanish explorer named Herman Cortez took chocolate back to Spain. The Spanish people added other ingredients such fas sugar and vanilla to make it sweet, and sweet chocolate remained a Spanish secret for almost a hundred years. Chocolate finally spread to France in the seventeanth century after the marriage of Louis Xill to the Spanish princess Anna, who loved chocolate, In abcut 1700, the English developed a new drink using chocolate and milk, which became very fashionable The popular of chocolate continued to spread farther across Europe and the American continent. The only Asian country to use it at that time was the Philppines, where chocolate had been introduced by the Spanish when they invaded the ‘country in the siteanth century [As chocolate became more popular, there was an increasing demand for people to work on the cocoa plantations. Slaves were brought from Africa to the American continent specially to farm the cocoa Late, the cacao tree was taken to Arica and cultivation of the cacoa beans began there. Today, African Plantations provide almost seventy percent ofthe world's cocoa, compared with one and a half percent fromMexico 1. France and Switzerland eam a lot of money by exporting chocolate, 2. Chocolate isa product which comes rom a tee. 3. Chocolate is made from special leaves 4. In the Mayan and Aztec cultures chocolate was used as a drink 5. People once belioved that chocolate had a negative effect on health, 6. Atone time you could pay for things with chocolate beans. 7. Sweet chocolate was first made on the American continent 8. Chocolate was used in France before it arrived in Spain. ‘8. Anew drink made from chocolate and milk was fist made in England. 10. Chocolate was brought to an Asian country in tha 17th century As 44aaaaaTask: 2 Read the text. Then match the headings (A-l) withthe paragraphs (1-6), There are two extra headings which you do not need to us ‘Sakura ~ Cherry trees bloom in Japan A Diflerent cherry tees E. Tastes difer |. Sakura parties and weather B.An old tradition F Tradition goes beyond one country C. Aworkiwide tradition —_G, Time for friends to meet D. Spring festivals H. Rose festivals ©. B Sakura is a Japanese word and means chery blossoms. Sakura are beautiful and delicate. In ancient Japan cherry blossoms were used to forecast the crops in the coming year. twas also common for the Japanese to bring their young daughters tothe parties and introduce them to the guests. These celebrations were, and stil are, called Sakura parties, Sakura parties have been celebrated for many Centuries and are an important part of Japanese culture. _ Today a Sakura party is a way for friends to gather and have picnics under cherry trees in blossom, ‘enjoying the brief burst of the beauty of nature and springtime. Cherry lowers blossom intensely but have a short life. This explains why Japanese people associate cherry blossoms with the beauty and shortness of human if. 2.__ While preparing for a Sakura party you have to watch the weather carefully, Like autumn colours in ‘other areas, the colours of spring do not last fong. Gerry trees bloom for a short peried of ime with pink ‘or white flowers. As it may be warm in one part of Japan and cold in another, newspapers publish up to date information, so that everyone knows in advance when the Sakura party wil take place in their area, 3. There is no fixed time of day for the Japanese to celebrate @ Sakura viewing party. Dus to different reasons and taste, some people prefer to celebrate the day early in the moming untl ite afternoon, whlle others would rather have fun n the evening when the lamps are It among the cherry trees and they can stay on for hours uni late into the night. 4, __Chemry wees are part ofthe rose family and, ike rases, most of them bloom during the spring During this short time the land! is covered withthe colours and smell of the soft cherry blooms, Each variety of cherry trae has its own specific blossom. However, same cherry trees are specially grown to show their lossoms in autumn or even in winter! 5. No matter where you happen to be in Japan. i i's early spring youl find rows of cherry trees inviting you to admire thelr ink and white blossoms, The Motabu Yaedake Cherry Blossom Festival in (Okinaiva isthe eattiest cherry blossom festival in Japan. This festival can begin as early as the fist of January! But most Cherry Blossom festivals are in March or Api 6. _Japan has shared its beautiful cherry blossoms with other countries. One gift to Washington has given birth to a tradition of cherry blossom festival in this cty. Chery trees ara wonderful additions to any garden or yard and they are not diffcut to teke care of f you do not plan te visit Japan, think about planting a few cherry tees in your own garden, and then you can have a Sakura party with your friends and neighvours each spring. They will thank you for introducing them to the custom!‘Task: 3 Read the leter and the questions below. For each question mark the correct letter: A,B,C or D. ‘The most memorable Christmas Eve for me was the one that | spent in the hospital as a new graduate ‘of mecical college. | was gaining some practical experience at a hospital. Several months before ‘Christmas, | was made responsibe forthe rooms with female patients. One day a thiry-nine-year-old ‘woman was brought in by her family. They had riven a long way from the countryside in their twenty ‘year-old truck. rane was the name of the sick woman, Her family was obviously poor, simple farm people ‘who would come to the hospital for help ony there was no other way Out. And this was the case now. ‘After a month of home treatment Irene had become s0 weak that the family decided they should take her to hospital ‘You would fee! sorry looking at Irene. She was very thin looking tice her age. She showed no interest inher surroundings. That aferioon the resident physician and | examined her and did some laboratory tests, Then she was intensively treated for afew days. She began to eat and her heart bagan to function more efficiently. Gradually Irene began to respond to our therapy. She became quit a diferent person. learnt that she had had little formal schooling, but she was a nice person to talk. She would talk lovingly ‘bout her family, as well as about her Greams that she had chershed since her childhood. Unfortunately one of her dreams came true | enjoyed talking with her and spent spare moments at her bedsise. This did't happen very often but the time we spent together made me learn allot about this very quietbut very nice person. She loved flowers. ‘She could not use the lite land the family had for growing flowers because the family grow vegetables 1n it. So she picked wildflowers and tree blossoms inthe felds. One of her favourites was holly, a red Christmas plant, which grew in & large amount around her house. Finally, the day came forher to leave hospital, She said good-bye to the nurses, to the other pallents and shook hands with me. Then Christmas approached with all its excitement, The hosplal rooms were decorated. Most of the patients and doctors were gone. The quietness of Christmas Eve came. | was teribly sad 2s this was ‘my rst Christmas away from home. My thoughts were interupied by the porter who handed me a box ‘wrapped up in brown paper tiod with a ed string. | opened the box, and inside were pieces of freshly picked holly branches. | knew immediately who the sender was. It was the greatest git | had ever received! 4. What isthe weer yng to tellus by this ston? 6. Afr te patent receved some teatment, she A itis ieuto work as a doctor. ‘A dcr roover 8. Young doctors have to werk hart to sucoees ® charged compietay 1, Doctors olen receive os 6. asted for her chicren D. Aten is more precious than he value fact start to entertain other patents 2. Thewrermeronshefist sivas Eein he haselbecaise © The wie eam fom the woman that she ‘twas unforgetable ‘A lovedoners. 8. there were many patents. 8 hada pet at home. (she cdnotnowhow to treat patients waned to go home 0. she rad never had such un beter Dana to stay at hosp 3. What do we lam abou the woran-patont? 7 Why ld he wer feo unhappy al Christmas? {A She was brought to hospital by aml. ‘thas a busy day at hes 8. She came to hospital hesat B She hd never spentitaway from home, . She was brought 'o hospital by her family . She was alone nthe hosp She was found in the sect. The patient she cared about was sent home 4. The patent inokee 8. Wich the olowng would be te best te rth text? A bred. ‘8 Goce doctors 8 suprised 8 Dificit patients hod ©. Uniogetale Chrsimas D oe D. The test time at hospital‘Task: 4 Read the text and fill the gaps with the words from the box. Two words are extra. Diwali - Indian festival among (A) faites (F) ame ) called @) happened (6) never wo celebration (C) important (4) translated (Md) competes (0) famps 0 wear ww) days: © light 0 Diwall's one of the biggest Hindu festivals, celebrated in India between mid-October and mid- November. Diwali isthe short form of Deepavali, which is (1) into English as ‘a row of lamps’. Diwalh Involves the lighting of small (2) ___filad with oll to show the triumph of good over evil. For Hindus, Diwall is one of the most important festivals of the year and i is celebrated by (3) performing traditional actives together in their homes. For some Indian religious groups, Diwali is a(4) Cf freedom. All the paricipants of the festival (5) new clothes and share ‘sweets and snacks with family members and fiends. The festival is celebrated for five continuous (6) ‘The third day is the main day for Diwali festival and is (7) ‘Festival of lights Different colourful kinds of freworks are always associated with this festival. On this day, people (8) candies all around their houses and sisters invite thelr brothers to their homes, The festival (of Diwali (9) aifts has always been an (10), fitual ofthe festival, Diwali gifts are signs of love and affection ta loved ones. Betore lighting he lamps, gits are exchanged (11)__ friends, acquaintances and family. Everyone (12) forthe best or the highest number of gifts. ‘ends without exchange of gifts. People present Diwali gis toloved ones. Giving ‘Task: 5 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, ‘a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Celebrating New Year ‘The New Year has been celebrated for thousands of years. Every culture has its o#n New Year festival, For example, the Ancient Egyptian New Year was celebrated in September, The pharaoh traditionally led (1) big procession slong the river Nile, (2) _ Is the longest river in Egypt I's known as a very noisy celebration (3) during the procession trumpets and drums were played. During Roman times a new calendar was introduced and the New Year was moved ). March to January. Another tradition was introduced: at New Year people wore funny costumes at partis and gave hand-made gts (5) friends and family members. The Jewish Now Year is called Rosh Hashanah and is celebrated in October, Early that moming people go to special services (6) are held at the synagogue. On this day Jewish people bake round loaves (7) bread, houses are cleaned (8) new clothes are given to children. In Scotland, New Year's Eve is celebrated and this day is called Hogmanay. At midnight an old song called ‘Auld Lang Syne’ fs sung. There is also a tradition called ‘frst footing’. Scottish people believe that if @ men (9) has dark hair visits you that day, you will have a good luck in the next year, The tradition of ‘rst footing’ exists in Georgia too, (10) hair colour is of litle importance