The Third Chapter“ areas Ve Cea. 7 the fa LEC Pore ere oe ae Cee ee eas 20 gel out there Sytve tt your best shot. ‘THE PROVERBS OF THE UNIT: 4 A friend in need Is a friend indeed. ~ d8s dobongobom, go geqrbognbsm. “© Abird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ~ crgosSmge2> 4gotgbe bxmBb bgoeynfiggce dood, “© Hfyou run after two hares, you will eatch neither. — en oracle GF oH gh worn. “© Speak of the devil and he shall appear. ~ dsccon sbbg6y > szobo byeBo wandorign, © Better late than never. — bznBb agn6, gatg sAsbeFnb. ‘THE IDIOMS OF THE UNIT: An early bird = Someone who gets up very early. ~sqs8nabo, goby omg wand, Grimes © Anight owl = Someone who goes to bed very late. ~ sqs3ns6n, goby agrs6 odnigdb, ys Ahen party = A party only for women. ~ amanégal face 4 Astag party = A party only for men. ~ Bogbob Sgqceng2 ‘© A gate crasher = Someone who goes to a party without being invited. - een s8oga8ae baryonAGOOD LESSON ‘Once @ rich English woman called Mrs. Jonson dacided to have a birthday party. She invited a lot of guests and 2 singer. The singer was poor, but he had a very good voice, The singer arrived at Mrs. Jonson's house at exactly six o'clock as he had been asked to a bow ~ 6780 keys ~ gerogndgi0 Wind instruments ~ bsbigeyg, Asbadgein bagriogg8a 2.9, Saxophones and flutes are wind instruments. ring instruments ~ ioBgBnsbn bsgroggn eBags, go8oFneggbo ant. flop ~ Barig2agg3epndo, Borigbo 2g, Guitars, planos, violins and cellos are different types of string instruments Percussion instruments ~ esbargy80 n6l2846880 €.9. Drums, tambourines and cymbals are al percussion instruments. AoTHE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE ~ 96897 Lei2=2n BDEaKArIANEIN Ges ‘The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for actions which started in the past and ccontinue up in the present or have just stopped. Bilge igean aaBdrdoorn atm gxBmbsgiqh olga AreBnetsb, ReBgemng enti FetigeBo eo BByng aPidgeg8s 26 gg 6b eolegee@s. gh sm nBtdnghs haverhas * been + B2éal IV gels _otegnen i gO yr QBS sBosGgBb HavElnas esAbSstig WE zBn. jorkgnen oighigdsdeaageoFns nb co goryreqnardh 38,yye980m Bofowereol g845gB9 NOL baoraw asdrnnybobs Bpbage boByag Bont: How long, for, since, Bsa 1. Ithas beon raining for 2 hours, ~ rin Loses By, 2. We have been walking for an hour now. Les have a rest, please, — fon bssamns eog@ngition esgolgginen, 3, They have been helping us since morning. - natn creynras6 angbdorigdn. 4. How long have you been learning English? — vis2iqy6n bo 5. How long has Sophia been working at thal office? mages Been babe Hag 08 raga Sach? 6. You are out of breath. Have you been running? — gf babe oF Bing? 7. Ihave been eating too much recently. | should eat less, - 28 Beye Fim Bog gga. Boseea8n ghigs gQs8n. 8, Sorry 'm late. Have you been waiting iong? ~ arr ugragnai. gnnebsfns Ageoneggo? 9. Simon has been training since autumn. ~ Lordibn agfmggrGnb BpGcqga aotinnBndb, 410. Ihave beon saving money for traveling since October. — 03 8°BBGn—s6 gogtngg’ goEb Ineoondnborgnd Foi oBgeRngA agen 8? ‘The Present Perfect Continuous Tense VS Tho Prosent Perfect Tense yn Wega as8yetrtnem ai i Legen on Its used for actons which started inthe past this used for acions which happened at an and continue up tothe present 199, ve been washing he shes for an hou. aon bssomo sada ogg Lnstatod time and are completed forthe present. (29, !Mowashed the ashes. Now lan have a rest. otdaee aeat abo, stew Bp wore Bin ‘An action began in the past an itis stil going on now. 4. My hands ae very dt. Ihave been repsixing my ca 2.We have beon saving money for 2 yoars $3. Ourchkien have been playing octal sce 12 octeck Wie have a result ofthe action happened in the past. 1. My cars OK again | have repaired i 2 Have you ever saved money? 3. Our cieren have played footaliocay 4 Ihaver't been learning French ver long 5. How long have you been reading that bock? 4. iminsening French but | haven't learnt much yet 5. How much ofthat book have you read? In questions Present Perfect is more usual with How much, How many or How many times {completed actions); Present Perfect Continuous is more usual with How long (not completed actions). PAY ATTENTION: Non-continuous verbs, such as to know, to believe, to belong, to have, to love, ee, are NOT used in the Present Perfect Continuous, we must write them in the Present Perfect Tense. e.g. [have known him since my childhood. ~ asgignines6 gag’ ob, This shop has belonged to my friends for 2 years. ~ gs Asesoo 2 Byeqr> Fin Spaniel. We have had this car for 5 years. - S398 gh asBjo8s 5 Bgeens agyoab. Ihave always wanted to travel around the world. ~ rsgerengeh dcGigengs Bborgcnnt goK3gBn Sg boigtinds | have loved him for years. ~ Geen BingoPRESENT - s6aym. ee Present Simple Present Continous Present Perfect Present Perec Continvous Sign balsteyone — Shyrayidninom lin igen Bay bh atm Siro FeanPame —pyob FAK Boys Bras rig, Anglais pin Figen bagi Beiaeat tego we aloes yf ato 6 cele Seg rowan a Bomien Bla afm anndal bth ays Bareinfintve amis /are+verb form have/has + ver Itform | havehas + been + verb form Ireadbooks everyday. Lamrescnga book nw. avereadte book | have been read the beck Soarabars Erg | Hy shes apobgers Sasi, | Eapmbyen ache since Maing roe ae om. althe mement si, today his week, seve ies. Aparato 8a ual fen. ays, atpresent nowadays once isthe frettme, jst yet. owleng, fo, snc, al ay sometmes.never, Today. ongh, is week | never, eer uptoncw sofa | al evening. week, a year ot soko ry ate. x Srce ty, oo ve cay, every week inte st fw day, al mie, ey month very yer, eo ng i vey crtiny i Ex: 1 Put the verbs in the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous tense. 1. Don't walk in there! | (ust / to clean) the floor. 2. Jane's hungry. She (not / to eat) anything for six hours. 3. She is tired. She (to study) for four hours, 4. | don't want to see that film again. I (to see) it ‘wice already. 5. Sheila (to teach) English for ten years, 6, Sophia (not / to do) the washing-up yet. 7 He (to work) all mocning, 8. They (to play) in the garden for two hours. 9. How long you (to work) for ‘his company? ~ I started working there six years ago. 10. How long you (to wrk for this company? = For S years. 11. How long you (to have) this bicycle? - For a year. 12. When did you meet Amanda? = We (to know) each other since we were ten years old. 13. Can you help me with the washing-up, ‘lease? I'm sorry. can't. | (to write) my essay for an hour and (not /o finish) it yet. 14. He (aleeady ‘o wre) fity pages of his book. 15. James, what you (to do) since morning? - | (to plant) trees: ‘my garden, But I (not (to finish) I yot. 16. This is my new neighbour Simon. He (to live) next door for two months already. 17. | (already / to read) a hundred pages ofthis book. 18. | (to plant) flowers. That's why lam so diny. 19. My brother (never / to wear) a tle. He hates it, 20. How long you (to wait)? You look so tired. 21. My eyes hurt. | (to work) on the computer for three hours and stil have some more to do. 22. Timothy (not / to be) to Warsaw since we ware there together last winter. 23. Jack ‘Sought these shoes last month and (to wear) them since then. 24. Where you (to be) since morning? 25. The government (to repair) many roads this year, 26. How long Jack and Jane (to be) niarried? 27. | (n0t to see) any Chinese films so far. 28. Where have you been? You {to play) tennis? 29. Suzie (to earn) to play the violin for three mont. 30. Jonathan and Jane artivad in Georgia two years ago and (to lve) in Tbilisi since then. They (to work) for an American company since they arrived. They (already to travel) @ lot in Georgia. They (to be) to Kakheti and Kutais several times. They also visit Varia Jane (tobe) there three times already. Jonathan and Jane (to learn} a lot about the history and culture ‘of Georgia. The only thing they (not to manage) to learn so far is speaking Georgian, They say they (to ‘ry) hard, but they (o learn) few words and sentences.Ex: 2 Put the verbs in the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Jack (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest, 2. What they (to do) now? ~ They (to wark) in the reading room, They (to work) there for already three hours. 3. Where he (to be) now? = He (lo be) in the garden. He (0 play) volleyball with his fiends. They (to play) sinoe breakfast time. 4. (to live) in Tbilisi, | (fo live) in Telsi since 2002, 5. She (elready / to do) her homework for two hours: but she (not / yet / ta do) half of i 6. (lo wait) for you since two o'lock. 7. What you (to do)? = | (to read). | {to read) for already two hours, | (already / to read) sixty pages. 8. This man (lo be) a writer, He (to wite) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He (already / to write) eight books, 9. What you (lo do) here since moming? 10, Amanda is a very good gir. She (always / to helo) ther mother. She (lo help) her since morning. They (already / to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 11. This is the factory where my father (to work) He (to work) here for fiteen years, 12. You (to find) your telephone? ~ No, | (sil / to look} for it {already /to took) fori for two hours, but (not! yet /10 find) 't. 13, You (to play) with a ball for already three hours, Go home and do your homework! 14. Wake upl You (to sleep) for ten hours already. 15, Look! Someone (to break) that window. 16. | (to read) the book you lent me for 2 days, but | (not! to finish) it ye, It's very interesting. 17. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up. 18. Every day | (to wind) up my watch at 8 o'clock in the morning. 19. Come along, Jetfry, what you (to do) naw? | (ta wait) for you long. 20. Where your gloves (to be)? — | (to put) them into my pocket. 21. This is the worst pizza I (ever / to taste) I'm not going to eat it. 22. How long you (to work) as an English teacher? ~ For 18 years, 23, This is the first time | (to eat) Chinese food 24, James (to look for) a new house for ages and he stil cant find one. 25. | have an idea! Let's go ‘and see Simon. | (not J to hear) from him for 2 months. 26. He (to study) since 4 o'clock. 27. She (to play) the piano since morning. 28. My brother (to be) an actor. He (fo appear) in several fims. 29. (stil! to rain)? - No, it (to stop). 30. | (to read) the book you lent me, sa you can have it back now. Ex: 3 Choose the correct verb form Present Continuous, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous, 1. Patrick has been travelling round Europe for three months and he 5 countries so far A's visting BB has been visting hes visited os at school? A. Are you ever working 8. Have you ever worked C. Have you ever bean working 3. How long) English? Aare you teaching BB have you worked have you been teaching 4. Nancy. ime you were seriously il. Why didn't you tell me yourself? A.isteling B. has told has been teling 5. Don't disturb me. an essay, A. am writing B. have waiten | .have been writing 6. Jane. an arlicie forthe newspaper yet A. isnt writing | 8. hasnt writen G.hhas not been writing 7. Lucy is still watching TV. She Vall day long Is watching B. has watched . has been watching8. Where is the magazine | gave you? What wth te? ‘Aare you doing BB. have you done ©. have you been doing 8. Jane has won the national championships twice. She since she was ten, As playing tennis B. has played tennis, Chas been playing 10.1 ___ for the last three days, Ais raining B. has rained has been raining 11. What, ‘about? You look very worried, AA are you thinking B. have you thought have you been thinking 12, How long money for your holiday? Aare you saving B. have you saved have you been saving 18, You look very tired! - Yes, | very hard Aare working B have worked . have been working 14, We the same car for 8 years. A are having B have had C. have been having 18.1 {or the Olympic Games at the moment. ‘A.am taining B. have trained C. have been training 16.1 ___ these tenses for three weeks now. Do you think | have ary progress? ‘A. am practicing B. have practiced C. have been practicing 17. Wow, you ‘such a nice dress! A. are wearing B. have worn . have been wearing 18, Where have you been? |_ for you everywhere. ‘A. am looking B have looked have been looking 19. This isthe fist time | fa car, Thanks for lending me your ca A.am driving 'B. have devon nave been driving 20, Sorry, Im late. long? ‘A.Are you waiting B. Have you waited Have you been waiting Ex: 4 Fill the gaps with the correct verb forms. A) David, how are things? | feel fine. | am having a wonderful time here on the Black Sea coast. | a” (to be) here for two weeks already and have seen a lot of beautiful places, 1@ (just / to return) from Samp. It has beautiful nature and cean sea. | (3) (to love) the place. We had a wonderful time there. | like the carousel most It (4) (aot / to be) here last year, Many people, especially children, have a lot of fun, The ‘carousel (5) (to be) on a small hil, and when you are siting on it the whole seaside 6 (Qo Hi) infront of you. It's 2 beautiful view. Of course no haliay is complete vwithout the famous Adjarian khachapuri It can be of various sizes and itis sold on almast every comer. It's very delicous. You should try it when you (7) (to be) here. | haveto go.now. | (8) (to write) soon again 'B) Sophia, how are you? I fee fine. | have been in Cambridge fortwo months already and can say that, 1) ____{to have) a really wondertul time hore. Perhaps the most exctrg thing that (2) to happen) to me was going to the May Ball. Do you know what a May Ballis? Its @ special day in June when the colleges (3) (to organize) big dances with lovely foodand drinks. The dances usually (4) {to 90 on) all night. Early next morning people take a boat and have breakfast onthe river. So you see it's a vary special day. Before the May Ball| met my friends and we (5) (to go) toa typical Cambridge student pub. The pub is called “The Bath’. There's an old joke among students here, which says: If my mother (6) (to ring), tel her 'm in The Bath.’ It's very exciting to be here. Yestorday | (7) (to learn) several new English words and | hear and learn new ones almost every day Please write back ‘and tell me what you (8) (to-do) recently ©) Thomas, I'm realy glad you liked the bithday present. | sill believe that a book is the best present fever. Unfortunately | won't be able to meet you atthe airport next Sunday, so this (1) (to bbe} how you should get to my house. When youartve atthe airport, itlibebestfyou(2)_ (to take) a tax al the way to my house, t(3) (usually nt to cost) a lot and itis mach less trouble then finding the right bus. Anyway, (4) (to live) some distance from the bus stop. Anew taxi service (5) (Qo start up) about six months ago and since then it (6)___ (operate) very wel indeed. When you reach my house, you must ask mi fist floor neighbour for the key to my house. You wil need the key as I(7)__ __(not/to be) back unt late. There is que @ lot of food inthe fridge and you (8)______( find) few good books on the shelves, including the one you gave me, I'l ty to be back as soon as possible. Ex: 5 Match each word or phrase with its definition A) Kids’/ Children’s programme The News, Documentary Travel Films / Holiday programme Sitcom Reality Show Game Show / Quiz Show oy Soap Opera Talk Show / Chat show Sports Makeover Nature Films / Wildlife Cartoon Cookery 1. Programmes featuring sports and sporting events. 2.,An amusing TV series about fictional characters, Ao Known as a situation comedy, 3. ATV programme that documents real fe events, 4. fictonal drama about people's daly lives. 5. Aprogramme that features animated character. 6. Ashow that features popular holiday destinations or travel reviews, 7. TV programmes produced for children. _ _ £8. A show that helps people change their image or ifesiyle, 8.4 programme that reports current events, information what is happening in the world 10. A programme hosted by famous chefs, who teach people how to cook, 11.A\fyon the wail show or talent show, featuring real people, 12, Aprogramme hosted by a TV host/ hostess festuring guests who talk about ther ves, 18. ATV programme featuring compatitive games or quizzes where people ty to win prizes by answering questions, 14, TV programmes showing peoale how to do repairs to their houses. Also known as ‘Do It Yourself 18. A programme about wid animals or pets, often hosted by a well-known TV personaly, Which of them are informative, educational and entertainment programmes?B) Dressing room Circle Interval Stage Row Backstage Stalls Foyer Ai Auditorium Box office Box Audition Matinee Rehearsal 1. The seats on the main flor ofa theatre or cinema, the area of downstairs seats, 2. An upper floor in a theatre or cinema, the area of upstairs seats, where people sit to watch a play. 3. Asmall private balcony with 3-5 seats only that is separate from the other seats ina theatre, 4. Along, narrow space between rows of seats ina theatre, cinema, aircraft or church, 5.Alarge open area just inside the entrance of a public building such as a theatre ora hotel, where people can wait and meet each other. 6. Aline of seats. 7. The area in a theatre that is often raised above ground level and on which actors or entertainers perform. {8 Aroom in which actors / actresses put on thelr costumes and make-up. 9, The whole ares out of sight ofthe audience, which is behind the stage. 10, The place where you go or phone to buy tickets, 11. Ashort performance that an actor, musician, dancer, etc. gives in order to show they are suitable for a particular play, fm, show, ete 12. Atime whan all the people involved in play, dance, ete. practise in order to prepare for a performance, 13. A short period between the parts of a performance or a sports event 14. The part of a theatre or a similar building where the people, who are watching and listening, sit 15. Aplay performed or a fm shown during the day, especially inthe afternoon. Ex: 6 Put the correct word or phrase from the following list into the sentences. A) turns on switch vocalist live read your mind ook up recorded group fon yourmind make up your mind turn off topten lyrics {don't mind cchange your mind the programme if you don't ik it. 2. Tall me whats worrying you. What's 7.3. A the end ofthe 20" century people favourite programmes on their video recorder. 4. | depend an you to help me tomorraw. | hope you don't 5. My father the television sot as soon as he gets home. 6. | know what you'r thinking. !can 7. People a toanother channelifthey re bored. 8. the times of the programmes on the Intemet. 9, After the Beatles, the Rolling Stones were probably the most euscosetal in Britain, 10. My favourite group's songs have gone into the {and they've had many at number one, 11. It doesnt matter if fou come late I's OK. 12 My sister wants to hear her favourite singer y _—_—__ ‘at a concer in front of thousands of excited fans, 13. When | attendedStevie Wonder’s concert, I couldn't hear the very well because of the ‘noise, but somehow it dirt matter. 14. You must dacide soon, Come on, = 18, Mick Jagger, the ‘sang all the old favourte songs when | was at the Rolling Stones’ concer. B) conductor bow string musicians score instruments keys baton audience bows While the concert hall is filing up and the (1) ‘are taking their seats, the (2) are tuning their (3) _ The famous (4) enters. He gives the audionce @ low (5) picks up his (6) , looks briefly at the (7) ____ which lies open in front of him, and raises his hands. The pianist places her fingers ready over the (8) (of her piano, The (2) __ section of the orchestra (violinist, cellist, ete.) brings their (10) _ ___up, ready to play. The cancer is about to begin, ©) critic foyer le trailer ‘auditorium cartoon poster screen. row horror performance review Cathy and 1 went to the cinema the other day to see a new film. The (1) by the (2) was good, and we decided to go to the 8 o'dock (3) When | ave, Cathy was waiting for me inthe (4). looking ata(5)_ ‘on the wal, We went into the (6). ____ and sat down, | don't lke to be toa close to the (7) and usually sitin the back (8) if possible, and | prefer a seat on the (9) sol can stretch my legs. Before the main fm there was a (10) then a (11) _—_ for the following week's fm. The fm was a (12) _fim and | was quite terrified, but Cathy thought it was funny, D) rehearsals reviews parts theatregoers performances audience run applause first night matinees, cast erities The person who directs the preperation of a play isthe director. Sometimes the playwright, who wrote ‘the play, works with him. One of the first things to be done is to choose the (1) the actors and actresses. For this purpose, auditions are held at which actors perform short pieces and the most suitable are chosen for the (2) In the play. Before the play is performed in front of an (3) fof hundreds of (4) _ _., of course there are a lot of (5) At last, the (6) __ | When the curtain goes ‘down at the end, will there be enthusiastic (7) __ or silence? Will the newspaper ®) be good or bad? What will the (2) think? Everyone hhopes for a hit that will (10) ____ for months or even years, but the play might be a flop and only last a few days. I's hard work in the theatre, There are evening (11) ‘sx nights a week and afternoon shows, called (12) __ fonce or twice as well&) accurately buy colours imaginative etal thought photos daily remained stimulated We can now hardly imagine newspapers, magazines and books without photographs, Scientists, Jjoumalists, doctors and many other people use photography in their (1) work. Yet, photography is loss than two hundred years old. The first photograph was taken in 1826 by a Frenchman, Joseph Niepce. It was a view from his window. The photo was on a (2) plate, and the exposure took eight hours. For the next forty years, although there ware many developments in photography, cameras (3) hheauy ant aypansive Then, in 1888 an American named George Eastman manufactured a small hand-held box camera. Nowadays nearly everyone can (4) at least a simple camera and they can take (5) oftheir friends and family members, At first many painters (6) that the birth of photography meant the death of painting. n fact, photography has (7) the growth of painting. Photography is very good at recording people and places (8) Unlike photographers, artists describe the reality in a more (9) way. They use a large variety of paints and (70) ‘geting theie ideas from the nature surrounding them, Ex: 7 Put the correct preposition from the following list in each space below. 1. They went the theatre yesterday. 2. twas made ___the studio. 9. Wha's_ the Odeon? 4. It happened the beginning of the fim. 5. There was atraler___ the next week's film. 6, This fm is based 2a true story 7. | prefer to sit the front; my sister kes to be the back, 8, The usherette showed us our seats the third row. 9, Sometimes the cast ist comes the end ofthe fim, 10. People usually lke to sit the stalls, but students often sit the circle, 11. There were two actors the stage. 12. You'd better ack the box office. 13. My favourite actress was ___the play. 14. People usually have a drink ora cigarette ______ the intorval. 15. What song is _ number one? 16. Coldplay's songs are often the top ten. 17. This music was written Chopin. 18. Who is the guitarist thet group? 19 This performance is very interesting ‘scientific point of View. 20. Lucy hated competng in beauty contests fo tle girs, but she was forced iby her mother. 21. All these materials are mixed up. Ihave to sort them. 22. He could paint her_ memory. 23. During the play nobody believed the main character, but he turned tobe right, the end ofthe performance. 24. The fim is different the one we saw last week. 25. The book is divided three parts, 26. The picture is painted my friend. 27. There was a beautiful picture ___ the magazine, so I cut it ‘and keptit. 28, This flm is not suitable children as there is too much violence there. 29. My friend prefers adventure flms___ the screen. 30. ‘Hamiet”is writen ‘Shakespeare, 31. 'm looking forward your reply. 32. Great Briain consists three countries: England, Scotland and Wales. 33. 1m very pleased your level of English. 34.1 prefer summer __winter, 36, Have you over heard __ Charles Dickona? ~ Aro you kidding? ‘course, | think everybody knows nis novels,KINDS OF SPORTS. ‘The verbs that collocate with sports and other free time activites: Go ~is used for activites and sports that ‘end in ~ ing. to go hiking ~ grslgeimBso Babgens to go jogging ~ dgbaigenom Lorne 0.90 running ~ bnt8neyn 0.90 fishing ~ bsingg Bary Boigens to.go bowing ~ amrgesaathy baseigcon to.go fencing ~ qringomis ig bnseigern to.g0 wresting — gommdsty bassigec to.g0 boxing — jFng'hg basen to.g0 skiing ~ eiboesigrigdner ose to go skating ~ goasygbom Leinsen to go horse riding ~ ybgBtg zene 10.90 saling ~ noexgs6zmarigrdy 0.90 rafting ~ xmorigrds t0.g0 windsurfing ~ LyrigrBathg bnorigezs to.go diving / scuba diving ~ ygoongo / ogrensBoo yang {ogo snowboarding ~ Llimsregrign ogo dancing - gaygotg imeem 10.90 cycling ~ sgeqmbionshg bration {0.90 parachuting ~ asrsSiggnin wgsggds to.g0 paragliding - Sseindenabaon gigs ~is used for toam sports or sports that need abjects such as a ball r board table. to play football /o play soccer = grkBytomb osBsdo to play basketball ~yocqsord(amis ens to pay rughy ~ sgn on to play baseball to pla softball ~2celsbrceb 8880 to pay voleybal— gAghgtont osdsdo to lay ccket- yen jb stn 10 play tennis ~ ogden ose to play hokey — Snjgnb 388 10 play waterpolo ~ Bysesfims c80G0 to play golf - arengyd nsds3o to play handball - byediyfoml os680 to play bowing -aorgenfan’ on8380 to play bliards aneparigo 8635 {Opay snooker — gyn o08SIn nese tigen) to play badminton ~ Signo e383 to play table games — bsdsgnign aa8s2yinb 138380 to play chess ~ goxtoyob on to play cards ~ as6job os8si0 to play backgammon ~ 6egeob 38330 to play dominoes ~ gridofris 8380 Do - is used with sports in which any equipment is not used in most cases. todo karate ~ js6go%y bnotgeqn todo judo ~ dogs bastigeno 10.do taekwondo ~ danygobiyn'by Lnstigegn to do kung-fu — gobgrty lnotigers todo acrobatics ~ sysinBsgngsty Lostign todo acrobies — sgFimBogstey lnotyeqn to-do yoga ~ angsty Lnstign to-do archery ~ a8jamegniGmBs todo tal-chi— gangteb gutgesde SqhergergBs 10 do ballet — BsaagQiby booeigego todo athlatics - soeragago%y bnatigegn 0,do weighting — dserriinds by baotegcgn Field events ~somagey> Aspots event in which athletes take part one ‘after the other rather than racing or competing together, suchas throwing and jumping events 29. shot putting - agsonb Surigho hammer throwing — Feb Gyres60 javelin throwing ~ toe Syerg6 discus throwing — galiyrls @yerigSo tong ump, ple jump, high jump. ete todo exercises ~ gs6zzc8h todo a crossword-puzzle ~ yémigewtiegns Syghgio Track events ~somgsnys ‘Asports event in which athletes compete with each other ‘by running a race.on specially prepared circular path. Athletic events take place on a running track 2g hurdle race — assingtigeyo Lr sprinting - Lengo (enjorg Baba bwnegn) ‘mice distance running (from 800 metres to 300 metres) long dstance running ~ agen dsfdoetagLaSSnegnMORE WORDS AND PHRASES: fan athlete ~ meng fitness = the condition of being healthy and physically active. - gn@ghe, goede {facilis = places or buldings providing a particular type of service. byexbaytignn Seeby8e, BoByrBnearBs ‘equipment = the set of necessary things you use for a particular purpose. - JoBye Bards, sear poeyds a gymnasium / a gym/a sports centre ~ gs6jseo3es gosaton a well-equipped gym ~ sssasie sexkarigowen @°dot0 to play = to take part in @ game or other organized activity, - ow8:2n e.g. Which team do you play for? ‘a playsr = someone who takes parts ina game or sport. Srandsg ‘an amateur = taking part in an activity for pleasure, not 35 a job. ~ Goygorngeyn ‘a professional = someone who plays @ sport as a paid job. ~ 3eimighnoBoen {2 captain = the leader of @ sports team, ~ jsdngsbn {2 refers = a person who isin charge ofa sports game and who makes certain thatthe nes are flowed. — Ayn to 108s a coin — qafgnbytio 2 team = a group of sportsmen who play together in order to achieve something, - gy6eo to join the team - Spqgtingy xaaeb ‘a match = a sports competion or event in which two people or teams compete against eachother. ~ fo to tain = to prepare someone fora job, activity or sport, by leaming skills and by mental or physical exercise. ~ Byring8s, got Bn e.g. She trained hard forthe race, sometimes running as much #s 60 miles a week ‘trainer = a person who teaches skis to people and prepares them fora job, activly or spot. — agrrgern ‘a coach = someone whose job isto teach people to improve st a sport, skllor school subjed.— gg tolose = 10 fal to succeed ina game, competition, ete. ~ Bogg8s eg, Ifwe lose this game, we're out of the championship. tolose a competition ~ agyindfinb Boga8s to beat = to defeat or do better than. — gs@seiybs89 e.g. Simon always beats mo at tennis. to score = to win or get a point, goal, eto. in a competition, sport, game or tat. — arneqak gagsbio eg. James scored {a goal) in the last minute of the gama, {o draw = tofinish a game withthe same numberof points as the other person or team. = yg edo gs eg. Our team drew 3 - 3 with your team in the semi fina {owin= to dofeat a compe, orto achieve frst postion or get a prize na competion, —Aragio,asBomieagAs 2.9. Our team won the game! towin a competition ~ agyzndrins Beagds In favour of ~ go6igh bal ggdereng 2g. The score is three to ane in favour of Chelsea. ~ afgoFinde badiem gFines Roel bsbsrigadewne stadium ~ lgscgon6n pitch ~ argessn a stand ~ GFntis a grandstand ~ doogstin gods 2 scoreboard = a large board on whieh the score of a game is shown. — gcc 8 cOUTt — RgigFimal Laer Begesbo, Jere 2 Fink ~ boysparafim Brogs6o ring — bsgoigarn Bingo a swimming pool ~ baie outMUHAMMAD ALI (January 17, 1942 June 3, 2016) “Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside thom ~a desire, a dream, a vision. They have to have last-minute stamina, they have to be @ Il faster, they have to have the skill andthe wil, But the will must he stronger than the skill” Cassius Marcalus Clay was born and ralsed in Louisa, Kentucky. Me was an American professional boxer and activist. Hes widoly regarded as one of te most significant and celebrated sports fgures of the 20" century. From early in his career he was know as an inspiring and controversial igure bath inside and outside the ring, In 1954, a shy boy began vaining as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old AL he gym, he mata trainer who taught him to move wih ight, quick tops. Cassius had a naturaltalent for boxing, With is skills and goed taining, he quicky became a champion. In 1859, lay won the National Golden Goves itl. Atthe age ol 18, hewon a gold ‘medal inthe light heavyweight division al the 1950 Summer Olympics in Rome and tured a professional ber. Clay believed in himself. His famous words woro “lam the greatest!” He told everyone that he was going fo be a champion ofthe word, And in 1964, Clay became heavyweight champion of the world, Cassius Clay gota lat of attention. Then he changed his falth, converted to Islam and became a Muslim. Ha also changed his name from Cassius Clay to Muhammad Ai In 1966, Al refused to go into the U.S mitary an fightin the Vietnam War He said his feasons were religious beliefs and opposition toAmorican involvement the Vietnam Wer He was eventually arrested, found guilty of drat evasion charges, anc the World Boxing Association took away his boxing tiles. “They said that he could not box inthe United States again ‘Years later, the people in the association changed their minds. They allowed him to come back io fight inthe rng, In 1974, All became champion again. He was the only man tobe champion three times, having won tha ie in 1964, 1974 and 1978, Everyone Inthe world knew about Muhammad Al, Everyone agreed thal Al was the greatest Alter retiring from boxingin 1961, All devoted is life o religous and charitable work. In 1984, A was diagnosed with Parkinson's syndrome, which his doctors atributed to boxing-related brain Injuries. It was hard to speok ‘and to se his arms and legs. But he sill worked for many charts. Ali iked to help young people in his town, He ‘also traveled all over the worst talk about human rights. He wanted lo use his fame to help get mare rights for ‘rican-Amercans. He was a true hero of his time VOCABULARY BANK to raise to grow up ~ gobrimo faith ~ «63960 a boxer ~ dnyngg converted to Islam - bey goastiges an activist ~ nos) Muslin ~ Bgbeqs60 to be regarded a8 ~ Bfigragb to ratuse ~ gece oo significant ~ :24bqeerq360 religious belts ~egexrgoan S096 celebrated ~lshgerastin con involvement = ambsbegiei> inspiring ~ Bosdoqgdgeen to arest - gajsagbo, soGeBHgds controversial = bosdsoe He was ind gto evason charges, Skis — Sghodegearbn, rigbo estar pepectaetelas vc gn aiile- graze, Brands ade es6sagge bof Ightheawyweight dison~ Ag Eon (7881 to reir ~2gfinsby gsbgens to get much attention = ygraqegis, 8 Banjo to devote — mogeb gomsresdo, Sods to attract attontion - antnaggs, yoroareadol Sngiags charitable work ~oageemefggem bag to pay attention to something —anajeym waagecbe Mls to attribute ~ En yngBigbos obo to take no notice of something - ayotumegiow eogrgghs brain injuries ~ gonfnb. go8ggen‘THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ~ 636L080 L6dEN Ad63KarTarINO REM ‘An action that had been happening for a period of time before something happened, Basligegn egege asSghdndnom ain gsdkrbogegl olgen BngAoaegbsb, edgerny beaSeag> eo aPdgaemgios Beringer yobyFadaer BndgGGriag, Botlrgenns BaMlugexdo. gh ain sfaednghs had ‘+ been + Babob V grids AGL + Ing). yrrkgon Qo gerymgren grGBGBb BosErngd had (auxiliary orb) adbdaciy 25s. ynobgoadn dgpigrdotios G6 ao@dmenl breen ystyrgoodh qloggds not SaBlegagn 8G Jogoe Gobseueggdab Sg: He had been watching TV for 2 hours when his mother came.— ols quae Sgerggeb 2 basen’ gob¥ogereBs2o, wpmsannh Grigg. 68 ering TKN Ithad been raining for an hour when we went cut. ~ Fig Fe goggeane. Bgrden> ces B5BHg9 Figndas gin booow. ‘Time expression used with the Past Perfect Continuous may be considered FOR but the most Important is to pay attention to what kind of action it is, completed or continuing. versus ‘The Past Perfect Continuous Tho Past Perfect Tense Bariigean Ueigean goBgernan Restrgre legen Iris. used for an action continuing up toa specific tis used fore past action which hapsened before time inthe past anther past action or before a stated past time. 9. Mum had been earing the fet for2 hours when e.g bum had leaned theft befor came hom, leame home. Aap rgesten aan eseeagac Has mms bboy (The action was completed. — eslegegiycen ny) 129, He wasnt in ie oe, He had gene home, io a6 oye mg. bse Eg leesdo 6nd Anggun, agus seveae Usbenb 9 Asbvteag, 2 baer, seregBnb IKeyschdn ay The action was continuing. -dm8geats adcereabos-) 2.9, He was tires, He had been working all moming so eseneen ng. Amgen ee Bane PAST - BOGLIED a . — = a — Fast Simple Past Continvous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous SicigemaSgisteatae Bergen aigidntnen Borie igo Batogce ie agro nfl drs amigeabs bbe aromas Erte go Pg eigen, Beet aS yb Goria Borge afeagires GA ean Eatigeds Verb form was /were + verb Vform had+verbitform —_-had+ been + vorb IV form woe leer yesterday. was wing alti a8 "had wien ater by 8. thad been wring et fr i ao Bate yesterday 2 eaigern igs _1Dmindes when e cae ar gfe fnegh By ——_—yegn B Uoanbonrh, Gy 10 Boon sh Fyre yesterday 2 days ago egies, bySccbockyesterday, Kgs 35 esr. edayboore yesterday, at Syestrday sti, while, When my mae cama, other day last week stas, jst atthe time, before, ft, unt ‘stmonih,estyoa ‘rom 7 yesterday, 35 soon as astonntuy.inthepast_ the whole day yesterday, ‘al ay ong, whan she came.Ex: 8 Put the verbs in the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous Tense. 1.1 (to work) very hard all day yesterday before my father came. 2, Was Amanda at the party when you arrived? ~ No, she (to go) home. 3, We were driving along the road when we saw a car which (to break) down, so we stopped to help, 4. They (to play) football for 2 hours when the rain began. 5. My grandmother (lo watch) TY the whole day before we came home. 6.| (to study) for an hour when she called mo. 7. Sophia (ust /o get) home when | phoned. She (to be) at her mother’s house, 8. James (to wait) for twenty minutes when Jane came. 9. Wa (to live) in London for § years before we moved to Paris. 10. At the time the company closed down, Nancy (to work) in that company for 3 years. 11 ‘We (to walk] for two hours when the rain started. 12. Jack (to look for) his contact lans for 10 minutes before I found them. 13. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We (to travel) for more than 24 hours, 14, Mr. Jones (to act) on the stage for twenty-five years before he stopped acting because of health problems, 15. My hand was hurting because | (to write) all day. 16. My sister was tired because she (lo clean) the house all morning. 17 | (to wait) for 10 minutes before the bus came. 18. Jane was very tired because she (to practise) for 3 hours. 19. We (to walk) for 4 hours before wwe saw a nice house at the end of the forest. 20. Mr. Thomas was exhausted. He had had the worst ‘moming of his ife! Everything {to go) wrong. He (to drive) to work for half an hour when suddenly his ‘ar broke down. Not wanting to be late he decided to start walking and try to catch a bus. After he (10 walk) for over an hour, it began to rain. However, just at the moment a taxi appeared and Mr. Thomas jumped in. When he arrived at the office, he realized that he (to leave) his wallet in his own car and he had no money to pay the driver! He rushed into the offca,folawed by the angry taxi driver. However, an important business meeting ust to start). Mr. Thomas was wet and dirty because it (to rain) and his boss was very angry because he (to wait) for him to arrive for over an hour. After explaining what (to happen) {his boss, Mr. Thomas borrowed a car and went home to change clothes, When he arrived home he ‘alized to his horror that someone (to break into) his house, What a morning! Ex: 9 Put the verbs in the Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Continuous Tense. 1.We to Austria last summer. Atravelled _-B.weretraveling Chad travelled had been traveling 2. His eyes were aching because he ‘computer games all night A played B.was playing Chad played had been playing 31 | didnt hear you come in. A slept B.was sleeping —_C. had slept had been sleeping 4. We were late, The meeting ‘an hour before. A. started B.was starting —-C.hadstarted——_—D. had been starting 5. The Smiths managed to arrive exactly on time because they. ata A. took B.weretaking Chad taken had been taking 6 They ___ for 2hours before they saw an island, A sailed B.were saling Chad salled . had been sailing 7.Timathy _____on the computer the whole day yesterday, A. chatted B.was chatting CC. had-chatted_——_—O. Had been chatting 8. When Henry fist. ___Naney she was studying at university A.met B.was meeting Chad met D. had been meeting 9.The family dinner from 4 to § on Sunday. Ahad B.werehaving Chad had D. had been having 10. They in Argentina for 4 years before they moved to Italy.- A lived B. were living had lived D. had been living 11.The lfeguard the swimmor. Avrescued —_B. was rescuing Chad escued —_D. had been rescuing 12, | suddenly realized that | my 1D. A lost B. was losing had lost . had been losing 13, By the time the flm started many cinemagoers A. arived B. were arriving G.hadarived ——_D. had bean arriving 14, The children _ football from morning til night. A. ployed B. wore playing had played had been playing 15.1 was late and Lucy was annoyod with me as she fora longtime. Awaited B. was waiting Chad wattes had been waiting 16, Our president from the summit two days ago. Aartived B. was arriving Chad arrived Ohad been arriving 17, My mother {2 cake when the light went out A. baked B. was baking Chad baked D. had been taking 18.1 new curtains to brighten my room, Arbought ——_B. was buying Chad bougnt had been buying 19. Ithhappened while | In London, A lived B. was living Chad lived D. had been living 20. By the time the course finished | ll the irregular verbs. Aknew B. was knowing had known . had been knowing 21. After the pupils their national exams, they became students, Apassed —_B. were passing C.had passed had been passing 22. Sophia wes siting on the ground. She was out of breath. She Aran was running C.had run . had been running 23. The scientists their research by the end of the XX century ‘finished —_ B. were finishing .had finished. had been fishing 28.1 while my sister was doing the washing-up. ‘Acooked ——_B. was cooking C.had cooked ——_—D. had been e2oking 28. The orchestra _ ‘about ten minutes when @ man in the audience suddenly stared shouting Aplayed ——B. was playing C. had played D. had been paying Ex: 10 Fill the gaps with the correct verb forms. AA) One of the strangest meetings | have ever had was in Bertin, This was about seven years ago i) (@o work) as a German teacher at that tima. It happened after work one day at spout six o'clock. 1 (2) (to leave) the school and went home by car. When | got into “Ty flat | found a man of about thity years old siting on the sofa. | was very frightened and surprised 100 as | thought that | (3) (G0 lock) the door of the flat. | didn't understand how the nan (4) (to get) in. We looked at each other silently for a minute. "What (8) {you to do) in my flat?" | shouted. The man said nothing. He sicod up and (6) {to go) out of the room silently, Seven years (7) (Go pass) since then and | stl feol very frightened and surprised when t (8) (remember) that day. Believe ime, if you were in my place, you would have the same feelingB) Paul, sorry | haven't written to you for so long. | have been very busy lately. Last month | (1) (to have) exams, and | was studying and doing nothing else. Anyway, | (2) (to stop) studying now, and I'm waiting for my exam results. As you can see from the letter, | have changed my address and | (3) (to lve) in Oxford now. I decided that | 4) (to want) a change from central London because it (5) {0 become) such an expensive city. A friend of mine, who spent the whole last year in Oxford, told me about this fat and | (6) (Co move) here about two montns ago. | realy Ike the ft 2s well asthe place itself, When you (7) (to.be) in Oxford this summer, please come and see me. | (8) (to stay) here untl the middle of August. Then I'm going on holiday to the south of Scotland, Drop me aline when you have a minute. Ex: 11 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a Conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. a) French fashion designers aris has always been the fashion capital of the Western werld, but the period between the two World Wars is often considered as the Golden Age of French fashion. French fashion designers of the 20!” century have changed women’s clothes in many ways. One of (1) revolutionary’ changes happened in the first half of the 20!" century when a famous French designer Coco Chanel introduced a style (2) ‘was convenient to wear and not expensive to buy. Chanel made women’s clothes more casual, convenient (3) sporty. Chanel, (4) dressed women in big free sweaters, wide trousers, suits, raincoats and skirts, created (5) completely new style for that period of time. Chanel thought that_women should have the right clothes for their lives and should wear pants and T-shirts instead (6) long dresses and corsets, in 1915 Coco Chanel opened a fashion house in Paris, (7) today is one of the oldest and most famous fashion houses in the world called ‘Chane! House’, Another famous French fashion designer of the 20°" century was Christian Dior. His innovative designs and business practices made him the most successful fashion designer (8) the world. His designs have been worn (9) ‘lm stars and royalty. The American newspapers called his designs the ‘New look’ (10) ‘the clothes Christian Dior designed were really new and different. Christian Dior's clothes were ‘extravagant and very beautiful. Not everybody could buy them though, as they were very expensive. 8) Tips for swimming Most Americans can swim, and almost everyone likes to jump (1) play around in the waves fon (2)___hot day at the beach, Knowing how to swim is important (3) your safety, but when you do it seriously, swimming is also one of (4) best exercises for your body ~ and not only for your body (5) for your general health too. Besides a swimming cap (6) swimming suit you dont need much, Goggles, (7) ‘are special water glasses, Keep the chlorinated water of swimming pools (8) of your eyes and let you watch where you're going. ‘A swimming cap makes you more streamlined while swimming and keeps your hair dry Ear plugs keep the water out and prevent air infections. To get in shape, start by swimming twenty minutes three times ® week. Add ten minutos until you're swimming for an hour each time (10) ty ‘not to swim more than an hour each ima. Otherwise yau can became vary tired (11) is not {9004 for your health, So, swim whenever and wherever you can (12) tty not to get overtied.4 PELE Edson Arantes do Nascimento, known as Pelé, was bor in Brazil in 1940, He is 2 retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is widely regarded as the greatest football player of all time, Pelé has also been known for connecting the phrase “The Beautiful Game’ with football Pelé grew up in poverty in Sao Paulo. He earned extra money by working in ea shops as a servant. His father taught him to play. He could not afford a proper football and his first soccer ball was a grapefruit, He also usualy played with a sock filled it with newspapers and tied with a string, Pele lett senoo! ata young age to play football and work to help his family, Later he frised igh school and college. Pele was only 17 when people started to talk about him. Itwas 1958, Brazil was playing ir the World Cup soccer competition, Pele had a knee injury. He didn't play the first games, but his team needed him. Then Pele went on the field. He scored his first World Cup goal against Weles in quarter-finals, the only {goa of the match, o help Brazil advance to semifinals. He was the youngest player ofthat tournament and at the time the youngest ever to playin the World Cup. He scored two goals in that final as Brazil beat Sweden 5-2 in the capital of Stockholm and Brazil won the World Cup. It was in the 1968 World CCup that Pelé began wearing a Jersey with number 10. Pele played professional soocer for 2 years. Pele isthe most successful league goalscorer inthe word, scoring 1281 goals in 1363 games, which included unofficial friendly and tour games. He helped Brazil win three World Cup tiles. Pola retired from soccer in 1971 In 1995, Pelé was appointed to the postion of Extraordinary Minister for Sport, and he was ‘also appointed a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. When Pele retired, J.B. Pinheirc, the Brazilian ambassador to the United Nations, said: “Pele played football for 22 years, and in that time he did crore to promote world friendship and fraternity than any other ambassador anywhere.” People all aver the world admired Polo, Presidents and world leaders invited him to their countries. His talent $s very unusual, Doctors once tested Pele to find out why he played soccer 50 well, They found that ve had excellent eyesight. He is also very intelligent, Pele liked to do math protiems and play hess. He said these activities helped him play better. He also plays the guitar and writos songs. Pele ares about people, especially children, He gives money to help poor chidren. He never advertises for 1000 or liquor companies. He knows that he has @ great influence on young people. He is loved and ited all over the world JOCABULARY BANK: ard ~ eogqbager> neat = es sah ~ bagi, bande 7 money —grgeeb godeaggbe money ~ Soap woe ‘Youll get extra money for extra work Bord — badigoengdod nls a39r0 shoto.compete in. a competition ~ dggymjpmBo, Igyendrigds a competitor - A}@mdo, seiBorBbO against ~ Sofsseeeg to advance ~ ptinbsfigbs jersey — arbexgneye Bsobigtin { appoint —rssndgfis Extraordinary Minister for Sport ~ Lierigal bsgsSgabe> Bnbodgein fan ambassador ~ perio an embassy ~ bsgexhim to promote fn. promotion ~ bgexos B8yri esbbog Fido Iraterniy ~ des, AggeBeinids to-admire — dmsbrigens, sexdoquds 1. an admirer ~ onoygsBnkggigeqn eyesight - abgeaneends imteligent ~ 4330350, amBgBsiotgneen, amb to advertise ~ eggensdonighe 1. advertisements ~ egjens8y80 liquor — b3ngos6o Lalsgcens booxtg ‘an influence - agogenghs, gagergio Phrasal Verbs ~ qy6stryeon 83630: to grow up/toraise - sstiig e.g, He. grew up inthe village. - ob Legigngdo gress to bring up — 1. segs 2. Lucy was brought up by her uncle. erin BodsSrAs oxtbare 2. LsJombnl Bsdimgeis e.g. I want to bring up some important arguments. — Inbigs, RsBiepbny GEndgSgmengsbn ot gcPabgn Angaygobn, to wake up ~ asergndgds e.g. | wake up early. ~ 2 segig goargodg’ to get up — oxgnits 2g. I got up at 8 o'clock. ~ 8p gseagbo 8 Looarbg, to.give up mogob wefgbydo __@.g. He gave UP smoking. - 65 Grigal sgn ergabido, to stand up ~Bodnmans, sxaedo_@.g. He stood up and greeted her. ~ ob Bodegas wo Sngneedo Bb. toring up — em a;go 8.9. Amanda rang me up. ~ 383538 ws8arg3o, to set up~ eos dBgto, qoosiogds 2g. The company was set up 5 years ago. — gb grits eqribes 5 Bxgob Ens to.use Up ~ asdnygigds, sdeiggs 6g. They used up all the supplies. —dson dengegn Btiogn Betyg to put up ~ cael asboorsigberore ois 12.9, We put up atthe hotel forthe night, ~ eqsdnor bobo sargeren 10 100k up ~ baggoh Sndgd6> enaghnyBilo, Sgeraqrnb Grdg86s Gfmd363o 2.9. You have to look up new words in the dictionary. ~ ben Logan epadingBBe sige GrdigBGrer to-come up with ~ oss stink Ariigens 2g. Levi Strauss came up with an original dea. ~exaga Kgrogl oringnfseyytn oben Gorggegs eagiwa FUTURE - ara9a9e20 ee { —.. Future Simple —. Future Prec Amdogoem arias taaghace AmBsgornn gbghidmooamn BeBagsern beg ‘Smefgragds Snbxeqdo Snog>exEo. Srefigrgis Oribeg8o es ArfiaagBo oloregeeg gm mfigd asatdgenmgds Gedogoano, Amdogenh JmbyFigdiace watinabongab. wil +bareinftive a+creentim | eh kon temorew.ttedeyateromenow, —tistine memow, el,” by sebek tao mi. edgeaconcoteewatenh, - oYchindtomeas, : shenmymeferene ogee ieiaeniny btwthss i forr8teraren ‘The Future Simple is used when we talk generally about future beefs, opinions, hopes and predictions, We also use Future Simple when we make a decision at the moment of speaking, Time expressions ‘and words used in this tense are: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, next week, next month, next year, next century, in 2 days, in the future, I think, l hope, I'm sure, | believe, | promise, ote ‘The Future Continuous is used when we Imagine an activity in progress in the future, what we will be doing in the future. Time expressions used inthis tense are: this time tomorrow, at 7 o'clock tomorrow, sti, rom 2 tl § tomorrow, the whole day tomorrow, ll day long tomorow, wien my mather comes. ‘The Future Perfect is used to talk about an action which wil already be completed before a point of time in the future. We often use preposition BY with Future Perfect: by 7 o'clock tomorrow, by midday, et | wil lay the table, ~ageig gogegn Sogn. | will be cleaning my room. ~ Rye menstob qoenvggod 2eimesgB0 gndBgbn. Gg wages Bingo . | will have cooked dinner. ~ gsjomngbgeon 8ggBgdo barge. \When mother comes name { THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE — amasad=mn ansandTENmO Son This tense is used when we imagine an ait in progress inte future, what we wil be doing the futur, andagseon grSahdnboon gin gsGobogag obgerSimggmadab, Krdgeang Ambag’s «> asetidge@g8s AnBagoeo 9) gm Bingo Willtbe¥2BENL I gon 36, rag9Oo, gonegnebs BHR yANAING rogoen Bnieoangy83o wil sbde%g S869 gears dameBsPnb BoB, bean oSyrgnan BES ot Ag,ynaginer Bobrxegds. og 1. You willbe reac a book at 7 o'ock trrrrw.— 3g Bg stl ims ain bgp 7 ba Wil you be reading a b00k at 7 o'clock tomorrow? ‘You won't be reading a book at 7 o'clock tomorrow. 2. He will be watching TV the wile evening tomorrow. ~ 8 gerggrtrwl yoFgBab Ieryn fo Angina Loqstn bye. Will he be watching TV the whole evening tomorrow? He won't be watching TV the whole evening tomorrow. 5. We willbe walking inthe shoots of Germary this ima tomerron.~ bape 8 Ses Bsn So ros. Will we be walking in he stows uf Germany hs tine tomorrow? \We won't be walking in the streets of Germany this ime tomorrow. Time expressions used inthis tonse are: ths time tomorrow, at 5 o'elock tomorrow, from 2 5 tomorrow, the whole day tomorrow, all day long tomorow, stil, when my mother comes... ee‘THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ~ amanavean Uee20 6") It's used fo tak about an action which wil already be completed before @ point of time in the near future Amaaqoemn eigen qin gsGmbogogl chger GregegBs, Gmdgesny alvigersdgenn agighs deBogenol yy odr9e9 eernbangnl ob tin oBioedingdo will + have + BAGoL I yews 38 jougbnerdo, yooregrerbs BS grByngondng. Will gsdbastig BBs geadegols JogKagBotnb 605 yoonbgron FnSsmoiegdsde, bre ptymgoon gBogg8o NOt BsEnessn By gabon BoBsxgeeGBsb. Boa 41. Lwill have read the book by 9 o'clock tomorrow. — fy fyoningeg & Will | have read the book by 9 o'clock tomorrow? | won't have read the book by 9 o'clock tomorrow. 2 Sophia will have finished her national exams by the end of July. ~ 2 gh ng base 9 boss Lugs epsBonoggBiyren gio gFimgtigero as8mg.egin ages Breyrbonga. Will Sophia have finished har national exams by the end of July? Sophia won't have finished her national exams by the end of July. 3, They will have done all tne housework before the guests arrive. - Boo waorigengPepen ggBg5o bsbeead Logggdo, Uggs Bmbgensdeng. Will they have done all he housework before the guests arive? They won't have done all the housework before the guests arrive. \We often use preposton BY with Future Perec by 7o'lock lomerow, by midday, when my mother comes... eto Compare: 1. When Jack comes home, Jane will be cooking supper. — {R090 5nd Gge LsberBo, segHin gabBdab ygorgBab IemgghBo nf6gbo. 4. When Jack comes home, Jane will have cooked his favourite dish. — ‘mgs magn Bngs Lsbedo, arb 399 BnDregErgeno ofBas Gobo boygorigere gofdo. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST - anaocoexn 6@urian ‘The Future inthe Pastis used when we want to ak abe Kare tings we lannedo coer nate doin ne past ndagsen Bdyrde ardobaGgh olga Beegngisb, HmBpertag omdgs Buslgertn, Hind Taueigeeagioe 26 6 Byaigenngtnens BeBageeth. se gm eBrg do WOUId + Bare Infintive eéindooe rayne a ghéympradng, joobyradn qstbistg Babs WOU graded daglggBaCn Eo boxen oRgergnadn NOt s8a8bo BByaggnn BaSsgoeeab. Bag 1. Simon said that he would come soon, ~ boone ergo, rd Sxgg Srggos 2. We promised that wo would visit them. ~ Fg aag2irigon, Fn gybtiy8eghrmn 3. They believed that they would be satisfied wth te town tour. — Boo bgggingsor, 68 Agfnkcemagim Jomssh a 4. hoped that mother would cook a delicious meal or me. — sntoarrafgber, 8 eas acFngee lnggb grG0jgm bm. 5. My students told me thal they would do their best athe exam. ~ fgS80 BnbBogegg 88s Goothigh, 6nd Asem SghadergdeprBgBeb AafkndgAd goosooneaeb arimcasty,Ex: 12 Put the verbs in the Future Simple, Future Continuous or Future Perfect tense. In some sentences Tho Present Simple is used instead of the Future Simpie. 2g, | wl ado book tomorrow. (Acton which wll happen in the futur.) | will be reading book at 2ocioc tomorow: (Acton which wil be happening at the states te nthe future.) | will have read book by § o'clock tomorow. (Action which wil be compiated by the stated te nthe future.) 1. (to do} my homework tomorrow. (to do) my homework at six o'clock tomorrow. (to dc) my homework by seven o'clock tomorrow. 2. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper, 3. When you come to my place tomorrow, | {to read) your book. | (to do} my homework by the tima you came. 4 Don't go to Sophia tomorrow, She (to paint) the whole day. §. | (not / to go} to the cinema tomorrow. | (to watch) TV the whole evening, 6. What you (to do) tomorrow? What you (to do) at eight tomorrow? 7. Phone me after 4 o'cack. | (to finish) dinner by then. 8. Can we meet tomorrow? ~ Yes, but not in the afteroon. I (to wark). 8. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 10, Do you think you (sil to do) the ‘Same job in ten years’ time? 11. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 12, When you (to go) to see your friend next ime? 13. How many pages you (to read) by five o'clock tomorrow? 14. Tomorrow | (o begin) doing my homework as soon as | come from school. | (fo do) my homework from three til six, My father (lo come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow. | (to da) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together. 16. The builders say they (to finish) by the end of the month. 16. | (to write) the report by tonight. 17. The plane leaves at 3:00p.m, so we (to leave) the house at half past two. 18. When they finish this trp, they (to drive) 1 000 kilometies, 19, Before we ‘meet again, | (to phone) you. 20. Don't forget to take an umbrella before you (to go) out. 21, When we (to get) home, | (to show) you my new room. 22. They (to bring) pizza as soon as you (to tell) your address. 29. After she (to clean) the room, she (to stat) writing the essay. 24. You (o find out) the truth when you (to speak) to him. 25. By the time I leave London, | (to see) all the important sights ofthe city, 26. What you (to do) this time tomorrow? 27.This time next week I (to lie on the beach in Batumi, 28, The party (to finish) by midnight, so try to get there about 10p.m. 29, We (to go) to a restaurant? 30. Mum, | (to do) the washing-up as soon as this film finishes. 31, At six o'clock tonight | (to work) in the library. 32. By the time next week we (to collect) aver 10 000 pounds for charity. 33. | to send) thity e-mails by the end of today. 34. | (lo pay) you what | ewe you as soon as | get home. 35, By the age of forty | (to reach) many of my goals because | will have spentso many years \working towards them. | (to be) a leading expert in banking and a consultant for developing countries. AS ‘an intemational expert! (to travel) alo, attending various conferences and giving presentations. | willbe ‘married to a person | love, We (to have) children. My wife will have a good job too. We (olive) in nice house with a lovely garden. We (tobe) able to travel around the word with our children and sometimes by ourselves. When I am forty | think I (to be) @ happy person. Ex: 13 Choose the correct verb from the Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect or Future in the Past tense. 1. Lam really tired, | my exercises tomorrow, A. wil do B. will be doing .will have done D. woud so 2. The journalist supposed thatthe elactions___—_paacully, A.wontend 8, won't be ending C. won't have ended . woud not end 3. Don't phone Jetty from 310 5. He English. Awl have 8. will be having will have had D. woud have4. The tourists believed that they satisfied with the city four, Awillbe 8, will be baing will have been D. would be 5. By the time | get home my wife _the cake, A.will bake 8. willbe baking C. will have baked D. would bake 6. Tomorrow |__ all day. A.willpaint—_B. will be painting C. will have painted D. would paint 7, By the time I come our guests Awillgo 8. wil be going will have gone D. would go 8. The headmistress told us that teacher all the tests the next day. ‘A.will check —_B. willbe checking C. will have checked . would check 8. Why are you in a hurry? If you arrive at 8 o'clock they the meal A.will stil cook B. willbe stil cooking. will have stl cooked. would cook 10. By the te | get to Madrid this evening, we ‘more than four hundred miles A.will drive B. wil be erving will have driven D. would drive 11.1 heard that the world-known rack band in our ety next month, A. wil arrive 8, will be arriving will have arrived D. would arrive 12. By the time the guests arrive |__ the rooms, Awillclean 8B, will be cleaning . will have cleaned D. would clean 18. This ime tomorrow they ____in the train on their way to Rome, Awl sit B. willbe siting ©. will have sat D. would sit 14. Nancy the resuit of her exam in economy in three days, A.willknow willbe knowing C. will have known D. would know 18.1 did not know what he ___ about A.wil speak B, willbe speaking . will have spoke . would speak 16. mot sure | ‘Amanda. | haven't seen her for ages. A will ecognize B, wil be recognizing C.willhave recognized —_D, would recognize m1 ‘at home if you need anything A willbe B. wil be being C. willhave been D. would be 18. They {a decision by Monday morning A.willmake — B. willbe making will have made D. would make 19, Don't call me at § o'clock because |__ _ an interview then, A.will have 8. wil be having will have had D. would have 20.1was sure we the shelter soon. A.willreach 8. willbe reaching C. wil have reached D. would reach 21. When you get tothe station, Jeffry __ for you there, A.wilwait —B. will be waiting . will have waited D. would walt 22, They promised that they —_ “us A.wilvisit ——B, willbe visiting will have visited . would visit 23. James _ __when you arrive, A.willwork — B, wil be working C. will have worked , would work 24, Ifyou eat so much, you on weight A.willput ——B. willbe putting C.will have put D. woud put 25, The teacher told us that she. our next class Ail attend B. will be attending C.wilhave attended D. would attend‘TWELVE TENSES IN ENGLISH PRESENT Present Continuous Bin sedan wiygbos a | eats a ara Sea Prosent Simple | Sanasasheat ome Sagh dr reife read books every dy. ually, fon nays, ery mont ewoy | amis are + vero V fom Tam eating a book nom, | sa, nowadays, today. tong, jmawen Past Simple Rescate | toate See wa / wre» verb form | was wrangler a8 estoy, 2S yomarday se, ‘ram 19 yest the le day ystercy, day ng, wren she came Vert oom yesterday. | yesterday, 2 oye ag0, | the day before tory, the chor ay lat Wook ast anh ast yor, stony mite past | Prosont Prtct Sign isgen arcieatedekaw gin | ge eso es ray ee gods tet hav na ¢ vor tt form "have ote book oaay, ths woek, svar! tines once i's the et ime. us ye, never, eer upto not fa, ‘ready, fr, sine, aay, recerty.n be af yas {my ternw tng diggs rts Tt Beige ha + ver form {had wit et y 8 by 5 odock vestry. before ater i unt, FUTURE Future Simple bse ora Future Continuous sedge angen ndtoaats ar os aghtoegts rages | rerasor eos wit be + vero 1V form be racing te took at 7 tS ocho omaron te Wa + bore itis | toad ebook vaca in 2e9, he Future Perfect Indira Sngtyegt ester” igh Sotigesb peyoSoE corel wt have + ver form nave read tn bok by 8c moro. by Tedock omar ymin she comes, PrasenParet Continous Bp eee ini ekg Bits 08 beers m2 iy have ha + Bean + verb V form Ihave Ben eang the book few ong one, a day al evening Past Prtect Continuous Batre Ug 5 erro ngigags bandos Places boi ‘had * been + verb IV form 'had beer wating eter for 10 minutes hen ne cle, Fuse inthe Past ‘would bare infinitive Tid ou rade tock te nxtEx: 14 Put the verbs in the following tenses: Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect _ Present Perfect Continuous. Past Simple PastContinuous _—_—Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Future in the Past {A}! Whereis your luggage? ~ | (to leave) it at the station. | (to take) It tomorrow when James (to come) to help me. 2 This time next weak I (to drink) wine in Argentina 3. | (to read) about an hour when he (to coms), 4. Im sure he (to find) a job when he (to graduate) fom university 6. The play (not! yet / to begin) anc the people (to talk) in the hall. 6.Yesterday | (to buy) @ new pair of gloves as | (to lose) the old anes. 7.What you {to do) those three months? 8 Our train stats late inthe evening so if you (to come) at seven o'clock we (til 1 to pack) our luggage. 8. Thay were sure that we (t attend) their concert. 10, | (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park. 11. Don't enter the bedroom! The child (lo sloop) there, and he (always / to wake) up \when somebody (to open) the door. 12. When I came to hs house, they (to tel] me that he (to leave) an hour before. 13. 1 was aad he (to say)" don think | (0 be) able ta come.” 14, When (fo leave) home, the snow (already / to stop), but a stiong wind (to blow). 15, What the chideen (to da) now? ~ Oh, they (to play) the new tabie game which | (to buy) for tham tha day before yesteréay. 16. to teach} English for eighteen years, ‘ow 17, He says he (to finish) itby twelve. 18. We (to elp) our brarlan to put the Books inthe right order for ‘already three days, but we (to arrango) only half the books. 19, Yesterday | {to meat) frend of mine whorn | (not to see) fr longtime, 20. When | (0 come) to Henry's house last Sunday, he (to read) a new book. He (to say) he (to give) itto me soon. Today | (to take) It rom him, Now | {to read) it.I (to finish) i by Thursday. ‘you want, (0 gue) itto you on Friday when you (to come} to see me 'B) 1, Amanda (to want to see the factory, 60 James (to promise} o take her round last week Amanda (to be) atthe factory now. She (to come) tothe factory by bus, but she (logo) home by car. The factory (fo be) here for ten years now, There (not/to be) much trouble atthe factory since James (to come} three years ago, Before he (to come) tothe factor, James (to study) atthe University of London, James (te know) al about the factory because he (tobe) there for three years. One day he (tobe) the manager of the factory. 2. After we (to Walk) about two hours, we arrived a a picturesque glade covered with fresh grass, 3, Ring me up as soon as you (te come) home. 4. They (to stay) wih the Browns while they (to be) in England, 5, On leaving the hall the students (to thank) the professor wh (to deliver) the lecture. 6. When will he come? We (to wait) for him for ‘already half an hour. 7-1 (lo walt) for permission to go abroad for already three weeks but | (not / to receive) the visa yet. 8. The day (fo be) cold and it to rain) When ! (to reach) home, my raincoat (to be) all wet. | (to {ake} it of, to shake) the water of, ta hang) it up and (10 go} nt the living room. My chidren (to play)on the Carpet Wen they {o see) ma, they (o jump) up and (fo run) up te me. @.Ring me up at eleven o'clock | not to sleep) yet. 10, After we (to have) dinner, we (to go} othe theatre. 11. You (ta wie) your aticte by Sunday? 12.1 (to near this song several times already, but can't rememiver the words. {to wit) them down as soon a8, | to hear) ths song again. 13. Jack noticed that everybody (to look) at him and he (to fel) shy. 14, Everybody (tobe) atthe door ofthe museum but my fiend (not/ Yo come) yet 15. | (to wat for you atthe tel at midday tomorrow. 18. When | (to come) home yesterday, my sister (already / to return) and (to sit) atthe fireplace lookin through some old photographs. 17. Come round betwaen seven and nine, We (to play) cards. 18. When itwas dawning, the storm (already /to stop) but the snow (stilt fall) 19, The lesson (not yat to begin) and ‘the children (to talk) oudly inthe corridor. 20. You {tobe} ata for the concert if you (not /to take) a taxiEx: 15 Fill the gaps with the correct verb forms. ‘A) Lucy, thank you for the email you sent me. I (1) ust to return) {0 Tbilisi afler a few weeks in London, There | (2) (to stay) with a friend | told you about ~ Mark. Do you remember the English boy I told you | met last summer? He (3) (to have) a nice small flat in London. Mark borrowed his frena's car and he (4) (to drive) me around, showing me the places, like the Tower ‘and the National Gallery. | was impressed by what 1 (5) (to see) there. Meeting Mark's friends and not being able to talk to them easly, made me keen to learn English better. Hopefully, | (6) (Qo be able) to afford a private English teacher in September when the first semester starts, I've invited Mark and some of his friends to Tbilsl fora hollcay whenever they (7) (to have) time. You really have to mest them. Please reply when you (8) (to get this email, Or we could talk on Skype andl show you my Landon photos, 'B) Michael, | am glad you are coming to Georgia. | hope you (1) to stay) with Us, but | want to warn you about a beautful spaniel we have at home. You are not allergic to animal hair, are you? Our spaniel is young and runs 2 lot, but | hope he (2) (oot ‘to bother) you much. Our son Achi was four in May and we (3) (to decide) ta buy him something special. At first we (4) (to want) to buy a cat. Personally, | wanted to buy him something smaller than a cal, ike @ guinea pig or a tortoise. But we remembered that our eldest son (5) (fo have) a tortoise when he was litle and he found it the most boring pet on earth, So we went to @ pet shop intending to buy Achi a kitten, However, the lie spaniel we saw in the shop was the loveliest thing (6) (ever to 00). We were both sure that the dog would keep Achi busy and that he (7) (to learn) more from him than from any cat | (8) (never! to forget) how happy hhe was when he saw the dog. Youll see more of Achi and his dog when you are here. Laoking forward to seeing you soon ©) Sophia, when | heard my company was sending me to Georgia, | jumped wit joy. It (1) (to be) ages since | last visited your fascinating country with its beautful people, ancient culture and delicious cuisine. (2) (you / to remember) the amazing hike we had in the mountains? | hope that one weekend wa can drop everything and go hiking again, if the weather (3) (to be) nice, of course. | remember that the weather in Georgia (4) (to change) fast in the mountains at this time of year. Is that right? In your email you (5) (to say) that you have bought @ pet dog for Achi and you 6) (10 want) to know if | am allergic to dog hair. No, 'm not. On the contrary, | am fond of dogs and once | am in your house I'm sure I'l enjoy Achis dog's company. Anyway, | (7) (already / to arrange) everything. My fight (8) (to land) at Tbilisi aitport at 4:45 on August 7. Ex: 16 Put the prepositions in the gaps (Phrasal verbs). 1. Teenagers often ask their parents money. 2. My mother grew __ in the vilage. 3. The hospital is carying tests to find what's wrong with her. 4. My brother cave smoking last year. 5, The road is quite busy compared ‘ours. 6. usually get__at Bociock.7.1 want to find what happened. 8.1 wake ___at 7 o'clock. 9. Can you fil this form, please? 10, Pupis stand whan a teacher anters tha classroom. 11. My younger son always leaves ‘some exercises, 12. | ofen ring my children when they are lat. 13.Iverun ‘of money. What can Ido now? 14, Our campany was set 2years ago. 15 We have used all the supplies, What can we do now? 18. Would you lke to bring any other matters before the meeting closes? 17, The awards ceremony was carried In spite of the rain 18. His parents died when he was eight and his uncle decided to bring___himby himselt, 19. whats going __here? 20, I've got @ spare room, s0 | can put you if you'te ever here again. 21. The children looked ‘each other and smiled. 22. Instant coffee doesn't compare _—Iteshly ground coffee. 23.1'm looking __ some information. 24. The lists not complete, Several ‘names have been left___. 25. When we reached our destination all the petrol had been used Ex: 17 Put each of the following verbs, words or phrases in the correct space in the passage, ‘A) generation basketball athletes stadium rings spectators shooting kinds pitches golf scoreboard jumping ink pools ski ‘Spor is an essential part of the Englishman's dally fe and an athletic trining is an essential feature in the English system of education, As one of the aims of education isto bring up @ physically fit and healthy younger (1) __ Most of secondary schools have well-equipped gyms and playgrounds where they can train in gymnastics and play outdoor ball games such as volleyball, (2) ‘and football, The two great games in England for boys and men are cricket and football. There are two (3) of football: soccer, played by teams of eleven men with a round ball and rugby, played by fifteen with an oval ball. Tennis and (4) {are also very popular in England and so indeed ere the various forms of athletics such as running, 6) ‘and rowing. Boxing is @ very popular spor. Horse racing goes on all the year round and those who can afford it go in for hunting, (6) and fishing at the proper season. Sometimes when they get a really hard winter, winter sports flourish for a title, while and they skate, (7) and toboggan. Im lucky as there is @ big new sports centre near my school. So I can take pert in many sport actives. There are football (8) s tennis and basketball courts, swimming (2) ___. @ sport hall with twa boxing (10) and even a skating (11) There is also a separate athletics (2) where 20 000 (13) ____can watch the track events ‘on the track and the field events, such as jumping and throwing, in the grass centre. The (14) {et ready in modern changing rooms and the officials time and measure the events with modern equioment. A huge electronic (15) shows the results B) gymnasium spectators crowd score toss acoin track suits captains train beat draw amateurs, referee play lose win | ove football. | dont just ike to watch it but | like to (1) it too. | am a member of @ local team and we compete against other sides in the area, Of course i's nat my Job, we're just (2) ‘ot professionals, Sut anyway we train very hard in theevenings and we're lucky because we can use the (3) of local school, On the day of the match we arrive early, change, and put on (4) Then the (8) dressed in black, calls the two (6) tothe cente to (7) ‘to decide who wl playin which direction. People living In our neighbourhood come to watch the game. We sometimes have a (8) of {wo or three hundred. In fact, there are often more players than (9) We have a (game every Saturday, but we (10) together every Tuesday and Thursday evening to Prepare and keep fit. We (11) most matches, We only (12) __ a few, and somatimes we (13) For example, last Saturday the score was 2:2. Next Sunday our match is against a very good team, but | think well (14) __ them, and ifm lucky 1 (15), {8 goal or two. But to tell the truth, we enjoy ft, whether we win, lose or draw. ©) dangerous, competition feeds needless sense ‘expensive exercise lose cheaper less, healthy cipes fried wunfaicly fat ‘An article was published in one of the newspapers last week saying that we need to eat more (1) ___and should ty to keep ourselves in shape. We need to eat more frutand vegetables and less (2)_ ‘and sugar, So that means fewer hamburgers, chips and (3), food as well as cakes. Then | saw a TV programme yasterday in which a journalist was interviewing people in a contra stret in Tbilisi and she was asking them what they thought about this. One woman ‘said that she knows that fred potatoes are not heslthy but she often (4) _—_ her enildren | With them, and she also buys them ice cream. Another woman wanted to tell everyone atout her own (5) {or various vegetable salads. One teenager expressed her opinion like his"*Everybody knows how important isto keep in shape these days, but nat everybody has the money to-go to an (6) ‘gym three or four times 2 week. Fortunately there are easier and (7) _ ways. Cycling is one ofthe best forms of exercise for the whole bady, For many people i's an exciting kind of sport as well. So why not ty cycling to schoot? And if you don't have a bike, ancther kind of (8) that everyone can do is walking: you wouldn't believe how many calories you can (9) by walking instead of driving. And when you go to the disco next ime, drink (10) __. sweet drinks and dance as much as you can.” Another adolescent said.” | prefer hiking and mountaineering. | got pleasure and | am always ft simultaneously. 'm not a professional ‘ountaineer yet butt went fo be. Frankly speaking, mountaineering is a diferent kind of sport as the climber isin (11), with nature, not with people. For this reason itis an extremely 12)__ sport. Nature does not follow any rules and can often act very (13) Professional mountaineers are quite aware of the dangers they face in their sport. Alttough they are adventurous people at hear, they have a full understanding af the important safely meas.res they must sake to keep themselves alive, and never take (14) risks. On the other tand, can say nat the (15) Of the achievement athe end of a climb is absolutely fascinating and that tis a drectly proportional tothe risks involved.” And lastly, one man sald that i's nobody’sbusiness what he eas and that he eats what he finds tasty!Hector Hugh Munro(18 December, 1870 ~ 14 November, 1916), betterknown by the pen name Sakl, and also frequently as H. H. Munro, was a British writer whose witly, mischievous stores satirize Edwardian society and culture (1901 ~1910 the brief reign of King Edward Vil). He is considered a master of the short story and oftan compared to ©. Henry ‘THE OPEN WINDOW "My aunt wll come down in a few minutes, Mr Nuttal,” said a gir of fiteen, showing him Into the siting room. Mr. Nuttel was a young painter who had recently had a nervous breakdown. The doctors has {old him that he should go away for a holiday. They warned him, however, against crowded resorts and recommended a complete rest in a quiet country-place. So here he was, in alte vilage, with letters Of introduction from tis sister to some of the people she knew. “Some of the people there ere quite ice,” his sister had said to him. “I advise you to call on Mr, Sappleton as soon as you arrive. | owe the wonderful holiday | had to her: ~"Do you know many of the people round here?" asked the gid hen they wer siting comfortably onthe sofa. "No, Im afai | don’, answered Mr Nut. "lve never been here before. My sistr stayed here four yeers ago and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here, ~ Then you know nothing about my aunt, do you?" asked the gi "Only her name and address,” said the visitor. "Her great tragedy happened just threa years ago,” said the child “Her tragedy?” asked Mr. Nutte. ~ “You may wonder why we keep that window open on an October afternoon,” went on the gi, pointing to large French window. ~ "ts quite warm fortis tme of yeer” sac Mr. Nut, "Buthas that window anything to do withthe tragedy?" ~ “Execlly three years ago my aunt's husband and her two young brothers walked out through that window. They went shooting and never came back. When they ware crossing the river their boat probably turned over and they were all drowned. Their bodies were never found. That was the ‘most horrible part ofthe tragedy.” Here the girl stopped. There were tears in her eyes and she drew {8 handkerchief out of her pocket. “Three years have passed, but my poor aunt stil thinks that they will come back some day, they and the litle brown dog that was drowned with them, and walk in through that window just as they always did, That's why the window is kept open every evening til is quite dark. Poor dear aunt, she can't understand that they/ve left for ever. She's growing worse day by day, so let me give you some advice. Don't be surprised at anything she says or does: she will start telling you allover again how they went out - her husband, with his coat over his arm, and her youngest brother, singing “Bertie, why don't you come?..” as she once told me. You know, sometimes, on a quiet ‘evenings ike this, | almost get a feeling that they wil all walk through that window an the whole family willbe gathered in here again.” The young gil finished her sad story, There was a long pause and Mr "Nuttel was glad when Mrs, Sappleton at last entered the room, ~ “Im sorry Im late,” she said, “but | hope ‘my niece has entertained you well” "Yes, she's been very amusing,” said Mr. Nuttel = "Do you mind the open window?" asked Mrs, Sappleton."My husband and brothers wil soon be home: from shooting and they always come into the house this way” And she went on speaking gaily about shooting. Ater what Mr, Nutttel had just heard, he looked worried “The doctors told me,” he said, trying to change the subject, "to have a rest here and ta avoid anything that would make me feel nervous,Di they?" said Mrs. Sappleton ina voce which showed that she was not at all interested in what Mr. Nuttl was saying, She never took her eyes ofthe open window and suséenly ced out: “Here they are at ast Just in time for ea, How tired they look Mr Nut looked atthe gi and saw that she was looking cut through the open window with hortor in her eyes. Mr: Nuttel turned round slowly in his seat, leoked in the same direction and saw three figures walking across the garden towerds the window, They all cried guns and one of them hed a coat over his shoulder. tied brown dog was folowing them. Noiselessly they approaches the house, an then a young voce began to sing: “Bertie, why don't you come?” Mr Nut! setzed nis nat and ran out of me nouse ike mak. ~ Here we are, my dear” said Mrs. Sappleton's husband, coming in through the window “We've enjoyed ourselves very much. Iwonder whal mage that genteman runout So quicly when we came Up Whois he = "Avery strange young man, called Nut. He could only tak about his ness. He cnt say a single interesting thing, | dont understand why he ran ou that way without saying goodye” sai his wie. "I thnk it wa the dog" said the niece calmly. "He told me that he was afraid of dogs. Once when he was attacked by a pack of dogs somewhore in india, he wes so tightened that he started running Ike ‘mad, and fncig himself in @ cemetery, climbed down into a newiy-dug grave, where hehad to spend the night. Since then he has always been atta of dogs VOCABULARY BANK to show ino ~ BynBs3o Boys a nervous breakdown Sefgzen sSeear8s to war |, watning — goats to warm somebody of something — gigs aseanbaxebs Mons Bybsby to warm somebody against something ~ sng angrintnaygds gb Gobosea 95 to recommend ~ rgynigfigagens Sop complete — Leg, bepgreneen to complete - gsSmgtgto, ealigerabo iat ~646s60, B35ne0 Be ! keep quiet ~ 65 bsg! a quiet fe ~ Byissn ghogdgds a lttr of introduction ~ bsgrigs Eyfoen owe -gerasigaoe yas eg. How much do | owe you for all this? — Assiagbo engl yagenagnbangal? to point to something - Msi 6985, oomongds 2 French window ~ dons dréeagn en, 320 96 sngsBiy astdgoemn, Gmpeeng QAR sbi BngoergmBsboe sbeigeepB to have something to do wih = anda vortomb srs €g, They have nothing to do with this matter = dso fagytn ayn bsg 38 bse to go shooting / to go hunting —bsSoaenneg Baie to tum over/to overtum — ardergiado, gomyeringgds seater age tear qgaaga topass - 1. gogens, Ragen ‘syn. to go by; to go past 29, Please, lat me pass. - aodogoriga, ong Bgndengds 2. asses eiools 84, How many years have passed since I saw you last? 3, GrBenggdo, gscqngds e.g. Please, pass me the salt to give a piece of advice - gyal Sages gyn. to advise to take / follow advice - Agges Bnegds, goongouynbBoghs 2 feeling ~ aesdémas{0 express feelings / opinions ~ aridGmdgdnl / atrinb godnboggo tooontertain - 1, gations syn. to amuse 2. Lag egbab Somgds to.avoid — engl sneggds to seize — bgeqns Rogoeggdo a single - griogirien, 6 hrmbgm9, goIIL? tobe /remain single ~ ayn / aAgh vajnBobghgesn a single 100m ~ gBonganeansbe Grigtin (osbggSndh) a single lecket gFionn GoderongeygSals Borage twattack ~ mgegabedo 2 pack of dogs ~ dscargob brings a cemetery - bsbugeasn to.climb down — Askigms ant, fo climb up ~ syenggB a grave — bogersgn a newiy-dug grave - sbeae goobeineyn Legnceg to invent / an invention — gsdmigds an inventor ~ gsdmBgrBgigeco atistically ~ sgnbg3gem0— ‘According to the text find the true statement (Only one answer is correct) 1. The French window is kept open because: ‘A. Mrs. Sappleton likes to air the room. B.Itwas a warm day. CC. Mrs. Sappieton’s husband and brothers always came into the house this way. D, They can't ciose the window as it is out of order. 2. Mrs, Sappleton’s niece was |A. very sorry for her aunt. B. an amusing git CC. very good! at inventing stories and dict artistically. D. too young to tell a story like that ‘Answer the questions. Try to give detailed replies. 1. What story does the gir tell Mr, Nutle? 2. Why does Mr. Nuttle eave the house without saying goodbye to Mrs. Sappleton? 3, How would you behave if you were Mr. Nuttie? Time for fun ‘ Bemard Shaw got an invitation fo see a new pay. After the performance the producer asked the writer: "What is the diference between comedy, drama and tragedy?” ~"Young man," answered Bamard Shaty, "the factthat you do not know the dference between comedy, drama ‘and tragedy is, for me personally ~ comedy, or the spectators - Grama, and for you - tragedy” 9% ‘® Aman was atthe theatre, He was sitting behind two women whose continuous chatter became: ‘more than he could bear, Leaning forward, he tapped one of them on the shoulder. "Pardon me, madam, he sald, "but I can't hear.” cs ~ “You're not supposed to; this is @ private conversation’, she answered. $F “4 Producer: You played the last act marvelously! What suffering! It could have been real! ‘Actress: | should think so! An enormous nail got stuck in my shoe! Producer: Is that so?! For heaven's sake! Dor't take it out until we finish our tour!Ex: 18 Translate the sentences from English into Georgian. Revise the first three units. 1. Timothy nas no brothers or sisters, He's an only child 2. She grew up in Sout Africa. She spent her entie childhood in Pretoria 3. raised three children ~ triplets. They were all brought up together. 4, Jeffry’ an orphan. He was abandoned by his parents. He was later adopted, however 5, My natural father is now remarried. My stepmother's name is Sheila 6. My first name is Roberto, but averyone calls me Roby. | guess it's nat a bad nickname 7. What's your name of your spouso? ~ My what? - What is your wife's name? 8. | don't know exactly how old she is. She's middle-aged. She jooks to be n her bUS. 9. settled here 25 years ago. I've been naturalized since then. | acquired US eitizenship. 10. Henry is not crazy, but he’s certainly very diffrent. He's quite an eccentric character. 1. Nancy gets so many emails from friends, She's obviously vary popular, 12. Ima eivil servant. | work for a newiy established government agency. 13, Who do you work for? - Myself. 'm self-employed, 14, You have alot of tools. What's your trade? ~ I'm a plumber. 15. A salary increase? We can't afford to pay you higher wages! 16. | need workers who're adaptable, flexible and cooperative, You're too stubborn and introvert 17. Ihave to work on my ov intiative. | must be self-motivated and self-sufficient. 18, Must you be brave to be a lion tamer? ~ is not @ question of bravery or courage. 419. She burst ito tears when | announced the news. She was very emotional 20. He's a born pianist. Very gifted. Immensely talented 21. The family tree shows the names ofall my ancestors back lo 1850, 22. The product is aimed at consumers inthe 35-to-50 age group. 23, The elderly residents, all of whom were in thelr 80s, escaped from the burning building, 24, She's much younger than | am. She's from anatner generation, 25. There are las of retirees in the ares, thousands of pensioners, Tests: |. We can breathe with A. our lungs Bour ears: our hands D. our arms: This is not a very interesting piace to visit, so tourists come here, alow Belle few hte 3. Before we paint the wall a cupoftea Awe have Bweachaing —C. weillhave . we wll be having 4 ‘aunt Ives in Mestia, A David B David's ©. Davia is D. Davies 5. Are you interested moder an? A. for wth cat Din 6. In Europe, autumn begins September. Rat Bin Con Dito 7. We always eat a roast dinner Christmas Day. At Bon cin Dito A. int know that twas long way from my house. Aso Bauch an . such Dsuche 9. have been looking ‘ny umbrella sinee mocning but | cant find it yet A for Bat Con D. about 10, As S00n asthe holidays this beach very crowded2, 30 31 ‘A will begin J wll Become 8 will begin / becomes: . wll begin! become . begin / will become A Is a number of goals or points each player or team has, Ateam score mate D. group We wanted to buy new clothes atthe shop but it was A close B. closes ©. closely D. enclose These hhave just arrived from London Aman B.men men's D. man's My grandfather to the USAin 1945. ‘Ahad moved 8, moved nas moved D.was moving Nancy her classmates since Christmas, A.hadn' seen B.haventseen _C.diant see D. hasn't seen Simon ‘ bearc during the summer so none of us recognized him A had grown B.was growing Chas grown would grow Lucy has a class at 9am. but she always A. sleepy B.slocpiess: ©. oversleeps D. sleeps Have you ever been to Africa? - No, | A. werent there B.wasnitthere C. didnt go there. have never been there | havent been to my vilage my childhood A.for B. since C. before D. ater In lend we decided not to go to the cinema but ta watch TV. AL Ba the Dien |__my lost puppy lastnight. Atind B. found have found D. had found My grandfather surfers hhesdaches, Aon Brom ©. about Dot |__my elder brother sinee 2008. A hadnt seen B. didn't see C.haventseen ——_D. don't see 1 the fist time 1 acar Adve B.amariving ©. have eriven D drove When I called Lucy she her homework ‘A. has been doing had been doing C. was doing dda Because of his new shit, he has to get up Sam every day, Aon Bat €.in D. tom ‘The forest re the whole suburb last summer A. destroyed B had destroyed —_C. destroys D. has destroyed John used alot of black coffee when he was at university A drink B. to drinking ©. to drink D. drank Be carefull Radiation from ___sun can cause skin cancer Aan B the ca D- The ntemet café quickly became. with John and his friends, A tavourte ——_B, excellent . famous D. popular Such bad behaviour is typical_the spoiled chit with 3 of C.tor D. about Someone, who plays @ sport only for enjoyment, not money, is an ‘athlete B referee CC. professional __D. amateur I don't want to go. | know we have a safety rope but i's dangerous anyway, A. swimming climbing . cycling D. skating hope, tomorrow we will win or at least we will A boat B. lose Carew D. play3s, 3. 31 8 » 40. 4 4 4 46 46 person who controls a game is 2 A player B. referee C. professional amateur This exhibition is interesting than the previous one A lite Bless C.least D.thetsast Whea “Tanic' was crossing the Aantic Ocean she struck an iceberg, athe Ba Can D.- He wrote the letir__ he did't need anybody's help, Aon himself B.byhis own .onhis oun D. by his ownership, ‘Amanda wants to go tothe to enjoy beautiful sunsets and sandy beaches. A. abroad Scountry ©. seasive 'D, mountains ‘She hut her ‘0 much thal can't even hold a cup of tea. A leg 8. heed hand D. knes Nancy is vary jeaous, Henry and it's very obvious to others A with Bo cof D. abut 2, Her dress was: land she asked her mother to wash it A clean Body C. nice Di shot Alexander the Great Ina with large ary A invede B invaded invasion © inveder ‘old need our special cae, athe BA C.An D- Young people want to look ike Holywood, A. calebration B, celebrities celebrate D. celebratory You have to pay 50 dollars, please. -_ A Here it's B.Melp yourself. Here it comes D. Here you are 48 “Mum ther is na mi eft = !know. 1m planning to do some shopping today. = Would you get some ofthat new cereal 100? = Which one? = The ane with vitamins we saw advertised on TV. What wil motner buy in a store? ‘A.Miicand vitamins ——«B. Miikand cereal. Vitsrins advertised on TV. Abox of vlamine ‘Where isthe dialogue taking place? = How many? = dust two = How much are they? ~ Six aris each, — When does the fim star? ~ Inabout five minutes A.Atthe spors clio. Inthe supermarket CA the booking ofce DAL travel agents The International Sand Sculpture Festwvalis held in Portugal every yeas tis known as the largest sand sculpture event in the worl. Each year about 60 atsts use 38.000 tons of sand to create 50 works of ar. The extibtionns a diferent theme such as Musi, Animals or Mythology. How many sculptures are made every year atthe festival? 35.000 8.60 c.50 D350 Ifyou ice tennis, then you must have heard about Wimbladon Tennis Championship which takes place every summer in England. The frst tournament for men was in 1874, Women did nat enter the competition until 1884, Tennis players clothes have changed since then, The men now wear shorts instead of long trousers, andthe women now wear short dresses but i's sil important tobe dressed in white, What has changed since 1884? A. Clothes the players wear. C. The place ofthe tournament B. Rules ofthe game. D. The number of payorsConversations: Read them many times. Learn the words and phrases and then fill the gaps according to the conversations to check what you have remembered. 1A: _ Wow, Jefry! What a nice surprise! What brings you out here? BB: Oh, | had some time on my hands and thought Id take a litte drive in the country. And, | wanted you to meet my fiend, Nancy. ‘A: _ Its pleasure to see you. C:_I'm glad to see you, too. ‘A: —Do come in, both of you. Can you stay for lunch? 3: Tm afraid not. We want to sea some cther people this morning, so we can only stay for afew minutes, ‘A; — But you do have time for coffee, don't you? BB: _ That would be nice. ‘A; Please, sit down while | go fx the coffee. | won't be a minute Words and expressions: time on my hands = leisure time; extra time - oxgolrgeicon er Do come in! = Please come in! -gertegen, eBedobagn! | won't be a minute. = I won't delay long. ~ se wsgnagnsig® egg Brice. ‘Answer the questions: 1..Do you enjoy visiting your friends in the country? 2. Is lunch an important meal for you? 3, Do you traditionally offer coffee to quests or visitor in your country? A: Why don't you begin by ting me something about yoursel"? = What do you want to know? ‘A: The usual, you know, something about your background and experience and anything personal that you fee! is pertinent. BB: _ Well, | was born in Batumi and went to schoo! there, right up through college. My father is a doctor, and iy mother is @ lawyer ‘A: ~ Sounds as if you come from a professional family That's right. One of my sisters is @ dentist and the other one teaches at university ‘A: — What made you decide to get into computers? B: —Oh, nothing in particular, | quess. | always liked mathematics and tinkering with machines, ‘A: — Now what about your experience? How long have you been working with computers? BB: _ More than five years now. After I did my engineering degree, | began to specialize in computer technology and | even had my own company for a while ‘A: Itcertainly sounds impressive. Why don't you have your credentials sent to me and I'l show them to the board, Welll probably get back to you in a week B:~ Thanks very much, Words and expressions: Pertinent ~ dscengigenn, Bghs8sdobo, KoeragsGSighn, baddgbos’ eeyegTatighgeen Fight up through = all the way through ‘sounds as if= It appears that - fobs to.get into = to undertake as a career - bel Sryorgabs, Lah dorgends, Jotingeinl stags In particular = specifically - yo5ysgdyeor, asbboygaegdnm, Kgseryhon to tinker = to work in an unskilled way ~ Bb syoiggenoriBs credentials = references - gndeqelin: gSmBg’a; Fig3r@g6qag80Answer the questions: 4, Have you ever had a job interview? 2. Do you come from a professional family? 3. Do you like to tinker with machinos? Are you interested in computer technology? {Nl A: = Did you hear the latest news about James? 1B: — No, What happened to him? ‘A: ~ Nothing happened to him exactly. He's going to move to Seattle Bi — To Seattio? That's along way from here! Wal inthe word mage him dacige to move to Seat? ‘A; He gota tertfc jab ofer. | guess the salary was so good he just couldnt turn it down, B: ~ Wel. It certainly willbe a switch fo him to be ving ina place where it rains a lol. You know lahat a sun lover hei. | guess if you'e earning good monay you can learn to ike rain | don’ know. I've never had the chance to laarn. I've never had alot of money! A what inthe world = what on earth ~ 8, eg cert = remarkable; extraordinary ~Srépigeqn, jab a ob offer = opportunty for employment - isdn Tgesgds tum it down = oral k= send n> ‘0 be a switch = tobe 8 change ~ gganangds 10 eam good monay= to receive a good salary ~ ssn bgeagstn fos Answer tne ques 1, What isa good salary in your county? 2. Do people in your county often meve to nes locations or obs because of better salves? 3. Are you a sun lover or do you prefer rainy weather? IV A= hear that Henry ost is ob. Di you hear tha, too? 8: di hear something about his job being abolished Wha terre thing o happen now, just when he and Shela are expecting ther est baby! It shame, 1iladmit but | ols Henry ments ago to get out of tha place where he worked and get another job. had @feting that the company wasnt very stable nancial [A:— You meanits not strong company? Fé always thought it was on of tho strongest around Hf youve bean reading the news inthe nancial section, you could see that the company was headed for rouble. | wouldnt be surprised to 808i go bankrupt before the end of re year {A:= It uri 00 bad. fs there anything we can do for Henry? 8: ~ Im going to call him his afternoon. haard yesterday tha there's going to bean opening in the section wiere | work, He can get his application in today. ‘As— check things ot wth my boss, 00, There may bs somthing pen in one of he deperments Words and expressions te abolish = to end an activity or custom ofcialy-goggodo to head = to move or go ina certain direction ~ bges barkeupt= unable pay ones debts — gssmectzen © go bankrupt ~ goynbgds ‘pening = 2 place o pesiion that is vacant ~ ogists sane, g9sFlan {0 get in= to submit ~ rigacfo lech Usd asBboooexggcia to check out = to prove tue ~gocednEgb, ByesAnswer the questions: 4. What are the most financially stable companies in your county? 2. Would your friends help one another find a job? 3. Do you ! your fiends (who work) get along with their bosses? \V A:~ Whatever became of Sophia? 'B:—Dicnt you heer? She moved io New York. The las heard she vas working fran advertising agency. ‘A: ~ She always was good with words. Remember how she used to meke up slogans for diferent household products, B:— Yeah, She seemed to be 2 natura for advertising. But she studied English at school, aida’ she? ‘A: ~ No. Remember, she majored in art history B:— Oh, yeah. Now I remember, We used to have a dil on the names of painters and their paintings. ‘A: ~ She was a lat fun to be around, BB: Un-huh, Do you ever hear from her? ‘A: Oh, only at Christmas. | quess she's doing very woll nancial. I thik she's @ vice -president or some kind of big shot Words and expressions: slogan = word or phrase used by a business, club, poltical party, etc. to advertise its purpese.— xnvbg go, Snags to major in = to take as a principal course of study ~ dosing bogtae UBagens, BybBogeys to dill = to teach by doing something over and over again - drighnrigds fun tobe around = enjayable company - lsbosdingirr nym 8sbmo6 yogis a big shot = an important person ~ 36n3,6ge7gs60 ecs8insbo ‘Answer the questions: 1. Is advertising a big business in your country? 2. What are some of your favourte slogans? 3. Would you lke to be a big shot? How much do you remember? ‘Say the conversations with a classmate, filling in the missing words as needed, 1 A:—Wow, Jefiry! What a surprise! What brings you out 2 B:— Oh, | had some time en my, ‘and thought Vd take a litte drive in the ‘And, I wanted you to meet my friend, Nancy. Ait to see you. :— 1m glad to see you, to. ‘A: Do come in, both of you. Can you stay lunch? B:— Im atraid not, We want to see some other people this morning, so we can stay for a few minutes, ‘A: But you do have time for don't you? BB: ~ That would be nice, A: ~ Please, sit down | go fix the coffee, I won't be a 1 A: Why dont you begin by teling something about yoursell? B: — What do you toknow? A: = The usual, you kiow, ‘bout your background and experience and anything personal that you feel is pertinent 8: ‘was bom in Batumi and __to school there, right up through My father is @ doctor, and ‘mother is a lawyer. A Sounds a5 _ you come from @ professional family8 fight. One of my sisters is dentist and the other one teaches “university. ‘A: — What made you decide get ito computers? B:—Oh, nothing in T guess. | always liked mathematics. tinkering with machines, ‘A-Now hat about ‘experience? How lng have you been wth computers? B:— More than five years ‘Alter | did my engineering degree, began to specialize in computer technology leven had my own company awhile A: Itcortainly sounds impressive. don't you have your credentials sent me ana 1 snow them to ‘board. We'll probably get back to na weak B:— Thanks very much, WA: — Did you hear the news about James? B:~ No. What to him? ‘A:= Nothing happened him exactly, He's going to move. Seattle. B:—To Seattie? That's a long way here! What in the ‘made him decide to to Seattle? A: He gota terifc offer. the salary was so good he just couldn't ‘tdown, B:— Well. It cerainly wil be a for him to be living ina place where it rains a ot. You know what a sun he is. ‘A: =| guess if you're earning good you can learn tke rain B:— | don't know. Ive had the chance to earn. I've never alot of money! WV A:—I hear that Henry lost his Di you hear that, too? B: ~ | did hear something about his job being What a thing to happen now, just when he and Sheila are their first baby! B-ttisa "admit, but told Henry months ago to get out of that place where he ‘worked and get Job. Lhad feeling thatthe wasnt vary stable financially ‘A= You mean ifs nota ‘company? Id always thought i was one of the strongest around, It you've been reading the news in the section, you could see thatthe company was headed ‘rouble. I wouldn't be surprised to see itgo before the end of the year It sure is too bad. Is there anything we can do for Honcy? B: Im going to cal him this attemoon. | heard yesterday that there's going to be an inthe section where | work. He can get his application in today. ‘A: Til check things out with my too. There may be something open in one the departments, V A:—Whatever became Sophia? B: Didn't you hear? She to New York. The last | heard she was for an advertising agency. A: ~ She always was. ‘at words, Remember how she used to make up slogans different household products. Yeah. She seemed tobe a natural or ut she studied Engish at school. cit she? | = No. Remember, she majored in history. 3 —On, yeah. Now Iremember We used tohave a drill onthe names of__ and ter paintings. = She was a {un to be around. B:—Uh_huh, Do you ever hear her? ‘A:—On, only at Christmas, | quess she's doing very financially. | think she's @ vice_ president or some kind of big eeTask: 1 Read the text, Then read the statements below and decide whether they are TRUE (7) or FALSE (F). Circle the right answer, George Balanchine ~ a great ballet dancor George Balanchine was born in Georgia in 1904 in the family of the prominent Georgian composer Melton Balanchivadze, As a child, George wanted to be a priest, while his father wanted him to bacome ‘a naval officer. However, the fate brought him to the Ballet School of Marinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg. Alter graduation George joined the Theatre as the charactor dancer. George always wanted to create something of his own, something new and different. At the age of 18 he started creating dances. In 1924 George went to Europe on a tour and decided never to go back to Russia. The famous impresario ‘Serge Diaghilev saw him and other dancers performing in London and invited them to his Company Ballet Ruses. At the age of 21, George, already known as Belanchine, became a choreographer of this prominent Company, This was how the most fruitful partnership between these two masters of an started. At the age of 24 Balanchine created his first masterpiece - a ballet called Apolo to music by Stravinsky. Between 1925 and 1972 George Balanchine created 27 ballots to Stravinsky's music. ‘After Diagilev's death in 1929 Balanchine tured out to be in an uncertain station. But at this time he met Lincoln Kirsten, the young American ballet fan from a rich family. In 1994 Balanchine, together with Kirstein, opened a school of American Ballet and later founded the ballet company New York City Ballet. Balanchine created about 150 productions for this company. The dancers worshipped him and lovingly called him Mister 8. Sometimes Balanchine worked on several ballets atthe same time. The ideas would generate in the course of working. The music was always most important, but it requied also the bodies fof the dancers. twas impossible fr him tobe sitting and thinking of dancing, so be would dance hime. Balanchine would make dancers move and he would observe whether the movements corresponded to ‘music - this was the principle of his work. The ballais produced by Balanchine were often combination of the classics with contemporary jazz, modern and ballroom dancing elements. Though Balanchine respected classical traditions, he also favoured everything new, Balanchine looked backwards and {onwards simultaneously. George Balanchine originated a new language in he 20th century choreography that enabled spectators “to see the musie and listen tothe dance.” George Balanchine diad on April 30, 1883, but lft behing his school, an excellent company New York City Ballet and the rich repertoire. 1. The text is about George Balanchine's family lie, 2..As a child Balanchine dreamt of becoming a ballet dancer. 3. After a tour in Europe Balanchine didn't turn to Russia. 4. Serge Diagiley had his own ballet company. 5, Stravinsky was one ofthe founders of the Naw York City Ballet 6. Balanchine was not popular among his dancers. 7. Balanchine worked on more than ona ballet simultaneously. 8, While creating dances Balanchine would dance himset {9 Balanchine used elements from diferent kinds of dances. 10. George Balanchine lived 2 long live,‘Task: 2 Read the text. Then match the headings (A-1) with the paragraphs (1-6). There are two. extra headings which you do not need to use. One example is given. The First Lady of Song A. Everybody's singer F. Years with and without Chick Webb 8. Early years ‘G. Working with famous jazemen ©. The winner of many prizes H. The rich people's singer D. Asuccesstul compattion |. The first competition E. Meeting @ famous musician OB Sometimes a person's fe changes very quickly. Suddenly everything is diferent. Ella Ftzgerald, a famous American jazz singer, had this kindof ife. Ella Jane Fltagerald was born in Newport News, Virgina, ‘on April 25, 1917. Her father Wiliam and mother Temperance divorced very soon after her birh, In 1932, Ellas mother died from serious inures she received in a car accident. Ela took the loss very hard, 1. ___Ater her parents’ death Ella lived in New York in an orphanage, a place where chicken with no parents live, At the age of 15, Ela took partin a music and dance contest in New York. Contestants were, Supposed to sing and dance, and Ella had prepared for both, but she was so nervous that she ust sang, and forgot to dance. 2. __However, Ella did not know that this contest was going to change her lif. A famous jazz musician named Chick Webb was in the audience. He was looking fora new singer for his band. When Chick heard Ella's voice, he knew he did not have to search any further. He decided to give her the job immediately. 3.___Chick Webb and his wife took care of Eila. They taught her how tobe a good singer. Ella Fitzgerald travelled with the band and gave concerts. In 1938, Ella wrote a song with Chick Webb. This cong was a treat success and Ella became a star. But very soon, on June 16, 1939, her teacher died. Itwas another big loss for her. Ela stayed and sang with Chick's band for three more years. Then she sang alone and travelled a lot allover the United States and in other counties too. 4, __Ella Fitzgerald had an amazing voice and she could sing any kind of song. She worked with all the jazz greats, from Duke Ellington. Count Basie and Nat King Cole to Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie ‘and Benny Goodman. I's perhaps better to say that all the jazz greats had the pleasure of working and. performing with Ela Fitzgerald! 5, __ Thanks to her orginal voice and extraordinary singing style, Ella Fitzgerald was called The First Lady of Song. Inher lifetime, she won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 milion albums. She was the favourite singer for milions of Americans, as well as for peoples living in other countries and continents of the world 8. __Ela Fitzgerald was the most popular woman jazz singor inthe United States for more than half ‘2 century. Her audiences were as diverse as her voice range. They were rich and poor, made up of all ‘aces, all religions and all nationals. In fact, many of them had only one thing in common: they all ‘edmited her extraordinary voise and manner of singing. Cla Fitzgerald belongs to the singers who wil siways be rememberedTask: 3 Read the text. Read the questions (1-8) and find the answers to them in the paragraphs. {A-F) of the text, Some paragraphs correspond to more than one question. Which paragraph 1. has information about different opinions about Bab Dylan's Nobel Prize? 2. gives information about Dylan's family background? 3. has facts about Dylan's intorests other than music and songwriting? ‘4. mantions Dylan's most well-liked song? 5. has @ name ofthe person who received the same prizes as Bob Dylan? 6. gives the reason why Dylan is one af the best-selling musicians of all ime? 7. could have the tle: An important event not attended’? 8. could have the tile: ‘The musical genres used by Dylan’ BOB DYLAN ‘A. Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, artist and writer, who has been influential in popular ‘music and culture for morethan fity years. Bob Dylan, whose birth name was Robert Zimmerman, was born in 1941 in Minnesota, where his grandparents immigrated from Odessa in 1805. In his early years. Dylan listened to music a lot first to blues and country and later, to rock and roll. He was a big fan of rock and roll and formed several bends in high school and even performed covers of songs by Elvis, Presiey. However, Dylan first became famous as a falk musician, 'B. Much of Dylan’s most celebrated work dates back tothe 1960s, when he started writing songs about social protests. Dylan's early songs such as Blowing inthe Wind and The Times Thay Ara a-Chenging became anthems* for the American civil rights and anti-war movements, In 1985 Dylan recorded his Six-minute single Like @ Rolling Stone, which has been called the most popular song of all ime. Being {a recording artist and performer has been central to Oyiar’s career, but songwriting is considered his greatest contribution . For Dylan, lyrics of the songs are very important. They integrate @ wide range of politcal, social, philosophical and Iiterary influence. Dylan has been considered one of the greatest songwnters of the century because he has managed to considerably improve and personalise Poems of the songs as well as the musical genres in general. During his recording career Dylan used all gerves of American music: folk, blues, country, gospel, rock and jazz. He usually performs with a guitar, Keyboards and a harmanica and is always backed by a group of musicians. D. Though Dylan is considared by many to be a musician, he Is @ writer as well, He has published ‘she books of drawings and paintings since 1994, His paintings have been exhibited in major eft galleries, The fact that Dylan has sold more than 120 milion records has made him one of the best selling musicians of all time. He has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy ‘Auards, a Golden Glove Award and an Oscar. Dylan is the first rock and folk musician to be ‘awarded the prestigious Pulitzer Prize for his contribution to the develogment of pop music and for his extraordinary poetic power, He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama E. In 2016 Bob Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Dylan is the frst musician to have won this prestigious award and isthe second person, after George Bernard Shaw, a well-known Bish writer, 0 hhave won both an Oscar and tne Nobel Prize, His selection by the Swedish Academy, which awards thePrize, is perhaps the most unusual choice in the history ofthe Nobel Prize. Although some well~ known ‘writers, including Stephen King, noted that this was a well-deserved prize, others questioned whether songwriting, however brillant, could be considered iterature, F. Dylan has never been emotional about his awards. The Nobel Prize committee ted to contact him in ‘order to congratulate him, but wth no success. That evening when the Nobel Prize was announced he: was giving @ concer in Las Vegas, which was probably more important to him! I took some time before Dylan acknowledged the Prize. He did ths atthe award ceremony held at Stockholm Concert Hall. He was not present at the ceremony, but he sent an emotional speech in which he said he ‘elt honed to be receiving such a prestigious prize. The fact is that with his unmistakable voioe and unforgettable lyrics, Dylan brought the worids of music and literature lagether as no one has ever done before. ‘ask: 4 Read the letter and the questions below. For each question mark the correct letter: A,B, Cor D, This 18 @ true story told by a 13-year-old American boy, Jordan Romero, who became the youngest person ever to reach the fop of Mount Everest May 22 in 2010 was a special day in my life ~ | reached the top of the world's highest peak, Mount Everest! | became the youngest person ever to make itto the top al the age of 13! The frstthing I did on ‘the summit, on the very top ofthe mountain, was to call my mom. | old her that Iwas caling her from the. top of the worl! Itwas a dream come true. The climb was really ficult especially atthe end when | got bad stomach pains. ! was thinking: don't know ifm going to make i because this isthe worst pain va ‘ever fel, bul then, as we started approaching the summit, itallust faded away. The climb was defiritely hharder than Yd expected, with lots of problems along the way, but anyway, it was totally worth it! The. feeling at the summit was like no other feeling in my life! | wasn't lone of course. I made my way up the ‘mountain with my dad, stepmom and three guides, who are all experienced mountaineers | climbed Everest for a special reason. | hoped this adventure would inspite young people around the World to do more physical exercises and keep fil However, | don’ think anyone younger than myself should attempt the climb. twas a difficult mountain and it ust took so much preparation. | fist got the idea to cimb the world's highest mountains when I was nine. | was inspired by a painting | saw in my California elementary school, it was a wall panting in the schoo! hallway, which had seven continents ‘summits and they impressed me so much! Then, one day when my father picked me up fom school, | said to him: ‘Dad, | want to climb the Seven Summits of the world.’ Since then | have put all my efforts into making this early childhood dream come true. So far | have conquered the highest mountains fon six of the world's seven continents. Now I'm closer to my dream than ever before. | have just ‘one more climb left, So the next stop is Antarctica. In December I'm planning an expedition to elimb ‘Vinson Massif there. | do that ll become the youngast person ever to climb the tallest mountains, the: ‘Seven Summits, on each of the seven continents. 1. The article is about A. an outstanding achiovement. B.the young olmber's plans. . the world’s highest peak D. an unhappy cm,2. The boy broke a record because he ‘A. climbed the highest peaks on seven continents, B. was the youngest person ever to climb Mount Everest . climbed Mount Everest in record time, D. conquered Mount Everest all alone 3, Once the boy reached the top of Mount Everest he called his A. school B teacher C. friens. D. mother. 4. When the boy reached the summit he ‘A. was tired and disappointed. B.felt pain in his stomach, . was happy and excited . was hungry and exhausted 5. The boy climbed Everest to A. inspite chileren to read more, BB encourage young peopla to exercise, C. break a new mountainearing record. , become world famous. 6. The boy decided to climb the wors's highest peaks A three years ago, B. at secondary school C. at the age of nine, D. in his early tans 7. What doos the reader learn ftom the article? ‘A. The bay plans another limb by the end of the year. B. The boy was too young forthe climb, . The limb was easier than the boy had thought D. The boy is disappointed with the climb. 8. Which of the folowing woul be the best tte for the article? ‘A. Just one ofthe expeditions to Everest B.Ateenager climbs the Seven Summits. C.Aboy goes on a dangerous mission all alone D.A 13-year-old boy conquers Everest Eis‘Task: 5 Read the texts and fill the gaps with the words given below. Use each word only ‘once. Two words are extra Keira Knightley ~ a young actress actress (A) early Fy money (K) concuered (8) famous (6) popularity —(L) cares © gave (4) poster (M) crazy © getting =) wanted —(N) earns: © holidays = id) Keira Knightley the teenage star of the fms, Star Wars and Pirates of the Caribbean, was only eighteen when she (1) Hollywood. Then she appeared on our screens again in Love Actually. Despite her (2) Keira Knightley is a modest gil. Fame at such an (3)___age can make people snobbish but not Keira. She (4) ‘about what people think about her. She admits she is. sill amazed when she meets (5) actors. But Keira does love being famous. She even stood ext tothe (6) for Love Actually so that people would recognize her. To become a full-time (7) Keira had to give up studying at school. She has (8) tobe a famous actress since she was three years old. Her parents, who are both actors, agreed to help her find acting jobs, but only if she worked hard at school. Her parents were amazed when she started (9) roles. When Keira frst went Hollywood, she found itboth scary and exciting, She was worried that the glamorous ifestyle of Hollywood would make her overtred and (10} But i's to her credit that alot of maney and fame didn't change her much and though she (11) more money than she could even spend, Keirais quite stingy. She says that sheneeds tobe careful with (12) In case the acting jobs stop coming up. Thankfully, there doesn't seam much danger of hat happening Task: 6 Read the text and fil the gaps with one of the following: an article, a prepesition, ‘a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word, ‘Tops of the Pops ~ a popular music show Tops of the Pops. often called TOTP, used to be a British TV music show which had been an for many years unti it was cancelled (1) __ 2008. Tops of the Pops was made (2) the BBC ‘and was first shown on New Year's Day in 1964. It was the show of those popular songs which had ‘been sold in big numbers during the previous week Each week computers in a nuniber of biggest ‘music shops throughout (3) United Kingdom showed how many copies of @ song had been sold during that particular week As (4) recut, each Sunday aftemoon the new list of best-selling songs was published, With the help ofthis information, the show's producers would decide which songs to choose (5) their next show. Usually the songs, (6) the Dus thought wore best, became the woek’s hits. Of course, each week the show finished (7)_ the most popular songs. Some people were sure that if @ song was broadcast in the show, it would become a hit. The show was intially broadcast on Thursdays (8) a it was becoming more and more popular, in 2005 it was moved to Sundays. Millons of TV wiewers ware looking forward 9) the beginning of the show. Though the popular show was cancelled several years ago, is stil shown ‘every Christmas Eve. Today many singers are happy to appear in the Christmas show (10) this TV programme stil remsins popular. Various formats of the show stil appear in diferent TV Programmes of many countries worldwide.‘Task: 7 Read the texts and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Dad, thanks for your birthday presents, especially the camera. I've used it already. | got a T- shirt from Nino and a really nice painting from David, On Saturday morning some of my old schoolmates phoned, I was really glad. | (1) (10 have) a small party the same evening. My new University friends gave me a big chocolate cake and we danced all night. | (2) (to remember) this day all my life, especialy as this is the first tme | (3) (Qo have) my birthday away from home. You will be pleased to know that | (4) (to find) someone to share the flat with. Her name is Sophie and she studies at the Arts Academy, ‘She is very nice, with a good sense of humour. We (5) _____ {to be) both interested in tho same kind of films and we lke the same kinds of music. We (6) (already 1 to spend) two weeks together and | feel as if we have known each other all our lives. | am sure If you knew her, you sould like her as well. The only problem so far is that she likes to play music loud, whereas | ike it quiet, as you know. ! want to buy her some ear-phones for her birthday next week, if (7) __ __ (to find) some for a good price. We took a photo at my birthday party and | (8) (to attach) it for you and Mom to see. | had one small problem though. They cutoff the electricity in my flat because | forgot to pay the bil, but | (8) (already! to solve) it. So, you see, | (10) {to learn} how to be independent. Task: 8 Read the advertisements and write emails to get more information about the details, which are indicated, a The sample ~ G33 Do you want to actin a new TV show? If yes, raad this advert carefully Young people are needed to participate in a weekly TV show Crazy Generation. This is @ thre month intensive job. The pay is. Deadline for application is Applicants will be For more information please email us at tvshow@gmal.com Dear Sir/Madam, | ead your advertisement which was published in the online newspaper I'm really interested in it as | always try tobe ft and healthy. I've got several questions to ask you. First ofall, 'd like to know how many years your sports club Aquarius has been on the market. Then, I'll be pleased to know Which water sports your experienced instructors offer us, And last, can you also tell me when the deadline for application is exactly? 1'm looking forward to your reply. ‘Thank you in advance. Yours faithully.8) = a Do you want to be ft and healthy? If so, read this advert carefully \ (ur spor club Aquarius has been on the market for now. Our experienced instructors will help you to choose any kind of to meet your personal needs. Deadlire for application is the end of this week For the membership application form vist our website: ClubAquariusA@org 1 When exnetly? Dear Sir / Madam, | read your advertisement in the online newspaper, Yours faithfully, Task: 9 Read the ssay task and write between 120-150 words. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? State your opinion and support it with reasons and examples. ‘Some people think that TV should have more educational programmes. More 351 ‘A, Some people think hat young people ofthe age of 16 should be at home before 10 p.m, 'B. Some poopie think that towns are better places to vein than vilages. . Some people think that music festivals should be held only in the capital ty, . Some people think that every child should leam how to play a musical instrument at school , Some people think that schoolchildren should spend more time on the activities connected to art, such 28, going to the museums or taking part in various exhibitions, F. Some peopie think that schoolchildren should spend more time on sports activites, such as, class— {o-class or school-to-school sports competitions 6. Some people think that reading books is better than watching TV,