Advanced Energy Design Guide

for Grocery Stores

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Achieving 50% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy Building

Climate Zone Table

© 2015 ASHRAE
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ASHRAE
The American Institute of Architects
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
U.S. Green Building Council
U.S. Department of Energy
Climate zones for United States counties.
Reproduced from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013, Climatic Data for Building Design Standards, © 2013 ASHRAE.

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Chapter 4—Design Strategies and Recommendations by Climate Zone | 87

Climate Zone 5 Recommendation Table for Grocery Stores

Item Component Recommendation How-to Tips 
Insulation entirely above deck R-30.0 c.i. EN1, 19–21
Roofs Metal building R-19.0 + R-11.0 Ls EN2, 19–21
SRI No recommendation* None
Mass (HC > 7 Btu/ft2) R-11.4 c.i. EN4, 19–21
Walls Metal building R-0.0 + R-19.0 c.i. EN5, 19–21
Steel framed R-13.0 + R-10.0 c.i. EN6, 19–21
Mass R-14.6 c.i. EN7, 19–21
Floors
Steel framed R-30.0 EN8, 19–21
Unheated R-15 for 24 in. EN9, 11, 19–21
Envelope

Slabs Heated R-20 for 48 in. EN10–11, 19–21

Freezer box floors See Table 5-2 EN12
Swinging U-0.50 EN13, 20
Nonswinging U-0.16 En14, 20
Doors Vehicular/dock infiltration—door closed 0.28 cfm/ft2 of door area EN15, 20
Vehicular/dock infiltration—door open,
Weather seals for dock, levelers, trailer hinges EN16, 20
truck in place
Vestibules All building entrances Yes EN17, 20
Continuous
Continuous air barrier Entire building envelope EN18
Air Barrier
Thermal transmittance U-0.42 EN22–23, 26–28
View Fenestration—
SHGC 0.40 EN23, 26–28
All Orientations
VT/SHGC >1.10 EN29
Required per Standard 90.1 when sales floor ceiling
Skylights or rooftop monitors DL1–10
height > 15 ft and area is  2500 ft2
Daylight area  50% of the sales floor DL1–10
Skylight to daylight area Minimum = 3%, maximum = 5% DL3
VT Skylight VT  0.40 DL3
Daylighting Skylight SHGC 0.35 EN25–27
Skylight thermal transmittance U-0.50 DL4
Effective aperture Skylight effective aperture  1% DL8
Measured haze value > 90% when tested
Glazing material/diffuser DL3
according to ASTM D1003 (ASTM 2013)
Controls General lighting auto control in response to daylight DL6–7, 9–10
EL1, 3–7, 9–11, 17,
Sales floor LPD = 1.15 W/ft2
25, 30
EL1, 4, 9–11,
Stock room LPD = 0.6 W/ft2
Ambient and accent lighting 17–19, 29–30
EL1–2, 4, 8–11,
Daylighting / Lighting

Average of all other LPDs = 0.8 W/ft2 17–19, 25–27,

29–30
LED—general = 80, accent = 75, case = 50
Light source lamp efficacy
LED—exterior = 75 EL12, 14
(mean lumens per watt)
T8 and T5—greater than 2 ft = 92, 2 ft and less = 85
Nondimming = NEMA Premium instant start
Interior Lighting T8 ballasts EL12
Dimming = NEMA Premium program start
All T5/T5HO ballasts Electronic program start EL12
All CFL and HID ballasts Electronic EL13
Sales floor = time switch—auto to 25% during closed
EL16
hours, auto to 2% or less when unoccupied
Additional specialty lighting = auto ON only during
EL16
store open hours
Lighting controls
Stock room, restrooms = auto ON/OFF occupancy
EL15
sensors
All other = manual ON, auto OFF occupancy sensors EL15
After hours = maximum 2% of total building LPD EL16
LPD = 0.075 W/ft2 in LZ3 and LZ4, 0.05 W/ft2 in LZ2
Façade and landscape lighting EL33–35
Controls = auto OFF at business closing
LPD = 0.08 W/ft2 in LZ3 and LZ4, 0.05 W/ft2 in LZ2
Parking lots and drives EL31, 34–35
Exterior Lighting Controls = occupancy sensor to at most 50% power
2 2
LPD = 0.16 W/ft in LZ3 and LZ4, 0.14 W/ft in LZ2
Walkways, plazas, and special feature areas EL32, 34–35
Controls = occupancy sensor to at most 50% power
All other exterior lighting No recommendation* EL34–35
Specify ENERGY STAR
Plug Loads

Equipment Use laptops, mini desktops, thin clients PL1–6, 8–9

Plug Loads LED for security lighting and signage
Motion-sensing outlet and power strips,
Controls PL1, 7–8
network computer control, timer switches
*Note: Where the table says “No recommendation,” the user must meet the more stringent of either the most recent edition of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or the local code
requirements.

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88 | Advanced Energy Design Guide for Grocery Stores

Climate Zone 5 Recommendation Table for Grocery Stores (Continued)

Item Component Recommendation How-to Tips 
ENERGY STAR or utility
Kitchen

Cooking equipment KE1–2, 4, 6

rebate-qualified equipment
Kitchen Equipment
Side panels or end walls, larger overhangs, rear seal
Exhaust hoods KE1, 3, 5, 6
behind appliances, proximity hoods, DCKV
Low temperature = 10°F TD
Condenser sizing RF1–2
Medium temperature = 15°F TD
Fin spacing Maximum 10 FPI (excluding micro channel) RF1
Specific efficiency 85 Btu/h·W at 10°F TD RF3
Air-Cooled
Condensers Minimum condensing temperature 60°F SCT RF4–5
Fan control Variable-speed control with all fans in unison RF4, 6
Variable setpoint using ambient dry-bulb temperature
Control setpoint method plus design TD; additional adjustment for optimum RF4, 7
speed at average load
<68°F wb = 23°F TD
Condenser sizing 68°F to 75°F wb = 20°F TD RF1–2
>75°F wb = 16°F TD
Specific efficiency 180 Btu/h·W at 70°F wb and 100°F SCT RF3
Evaporative-Cooled
Minimum condensing temperature 60°F SCT RF4–5
Condensers
Fan control Variable-speed control with all fans in unison RF4, 6
Variable setpoint using ambient wet-bulb temperature
Control setpoint method plus design TD; additional adjustment for optimum RF4, 7
speed at average load
Suction groups/levels Optimize suction groups based on load dynamics RF8, 13–14
CO2 phase-change heat exchange
Indirect cooling design RF9
Low temperature = two stage or cascade
Compressor Compressor group staging and Continuously variable capacity control on each
RF10
Systems capacity control suction group
Suction groups <25°F SCT = floating suction
Suction group setpoint determination RF10
pressure logic
Mechanical subcooling Low-temperature/medium-temperature SST  30°F RF11
Closed = dairy, beverage, deli, packaged salads,
Case type horizontal (tub), and low temperature RF15–16
Refrigeration

Open = red meat, wet rack produce, specialty

Low temperature = 50–120 W/door with PWM
Case door heater controller RF17
Medium temperature = zero watt glass doors
Walk-in cooler insulation = R-25
Walk-in construction Walk-in freezer insulation = R-40 RF18, EN12
Strip curtains on all doors
Doors < 48 in. = spring assist or cam-lift gravity hinge
Walk-in doors Doors > 48 in. = spring action door closer RF19
All doors = hydraulic door closer
Freezer = fan and cooling OFF when door is open
Walk-in door switches and alarms Cooler = fan and cooling OFF when door is open RF20
All = override and alarm integration
Display Cases Two-speed fan control
Walk-in box fan control RF21
and Walk-In Reduce to 80% speed when load is below 50%
Coolers/Freezers Open/closed cases  10 W/ft
Meat cases  25 W/ft
Lighting design Display doors = motion sensors with 3 min time-out RF22, EL23, EL25
Walk-ins = vaportight LED with motion/vacancy
sensor and/or door trigger switch
Electric defrost = low-temperature cases, freezers,
Defrost meat coolers; air defrost = all others RF23
Time initiation; temperature termination
Electronic modulating temperature control with
Temperature and superheat control RF24
floating suction pressure integration
EC motor; select coils at 8°F TD on freezers
Unit cooler Freezer fin spacing = 4 FPI RF25
Cooler fin spacing = no recommendation
High-efficiency heat exchange at piping exit; sized for
Liquid-suction heat exchangers additional suction superheat at design of 12°F for RF26
freezers and 6°F for coolers
Heat Recovery— Use at least 25% of the refrigeration design heat of
Heat recovery from refrigeration RF27–31
HVAC rejection for space heating
Gas water heater efficiency See Table 5-13 WH1–4
Electric water heater efficiency See Table 5-14 WH1–4
SHW

Electric heat pump water heater COP 3.0 (interior heat source) WH1–4
SWH
Recirculation pump control Time clock or demand control WH4
Pipe insulation (d < 1.5 in. / d  1.5 in.) See Table 5-15 WH5
Refrigerant heat recovery Superheat recovery using low-temperature system WH6, RF27, KE4
*Note: Where the table says “No recommendation,” the user must meet the more stringent of either the most recent edition of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or the local code
requirements.

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04b_Chapter4-maps-tables.fm Page 89 Wednesday, March 4, 2015 2:09 PM

Chapter 4—Design Strategies and Recommendations by Climate Zone | 89

Climate Zone 5 Recommendation Table for Grocery Stores (Continued)

Item Component Recommendation How-to Tips 
Distributed MA Heating efficiency Indirect gas heat = 80% HV1–4, 12
SZVAV DX Cooling efficiency See Table 5-16 HV1–4, 12
Packaged RTU Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV1–4
High-efficiency condensing boiler = 90%
Heating efficiency HV1–3, 5, 12
Indirect gas heat = 80%
Positive-displacement air-cooled chillers:
Distributed MA Cooling efficiency <150 tons = 10.1 EER, 13.7 IPLV HV1–3, 5, 12
SZVAV 150 tons = 10.1 EER, 14.0 IPLV
Chilled-Water RTU
Fan motor efficiency No recommendation* HV1–3, 5, 24
Pump motor efficiency No recommendation* HV1–3, 5
Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV1–3, 5
Distributed Heating efficiency Indirect gas heat = 80% HV1–4, 6, 12
SZVAV DX Cooling efficiency See Table 5-16 HV1–4, 6, 12
Packaged RTU
with DOAS Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV1–4, 6
Distributed Heating efficiency See Table 5-17 HV1–3, 7, 12
SZCV, Cooling efficiency See Table 5-17 HV1–3, 7, 12
Air-Source HP
Packaged RTU Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV1–3, 7
with DOAS
Heating efficiency See Table 5-18 HV1–3, 8, 12
Cooling efficiency See Table 5-18 HV1–3, 8, 12
SZVAV WSHP
HVAC

Pump motor efficiency As per Standard 90.1-2013, Table 10.8-2 HV1–3, 8

Packaged RTU
Fluid cooler fans Variable-speed control HV1–3, 8, 9, 24
with DOAS
High-efficiency boiler 90% Ec HV1–3, 8
Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV1–3, 8
Heating efficiency See Table 5-19 HV10
Dehumidification efficiency See Table 5-20 HV10
Moisture removal efficiency See Table 5-20 HV10
DOAS 65% mechanical/motor efficiency in absence of
whole-unit EER rating
Fan and motor HV10, 24
Motor efficiency as per Standard 90.1-2013,
Table 10.8
Maximum external static pressure 0.7 in. w.c. HV10
Cooling capacity—economizers  54,000 Btu/h HV17
Control ventilation air based on pollutant
DCV/performance-based ventilation HV18
concentrations in space (CO2, VOCs, etc.)
A (humid) zones = 75% total effectiveness
Ventilation/Exhaust Exhaust air recovery—in-store cooking with B (dry) zones = 75% sensible effectiveness
HV13
> Standard 62.1 area exhaust requirement Capture minimum 80% available exhaust air,
including general and bathroom, for energy recovery
Control based on occupancy using time clock or
Exhaust airflow control HV20
occupancy sensor
Outdoor air damper Motorized damper HV13
Ducts and Dampers Duct seal class Seal Class A HV21, 23
Insulation level R-6 HV22
Commissioning Commission throughout design and construction QA1–13
QA

Quality Assurance
M&V Employ post-occupancy monitoring QA14–17
*Note: Where the table says “No recommendation,” the user must meet the more stringent of either the most recent edition of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or the local code
requirements.

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