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Section 1

Three great fertile river valleys of Asia- Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Huang He(Huang
Ho/yellow river)

Ancient cultures who made their homes in the three river valleys- Mesopotamia,
India, China

Proportion of the World that Asia contains- 1/3 of Earth’s land

Population of the World that Asia contains- 1/2 of Earth’s population

Geographic features surrounding India- mount Everest, Himalayas, the dead sea.

Three major land regions of Indian subcontinent- Himalayan Mountain System,


Northern Plains, Deccan plateau

India’s two cultural features- Hinduism~religion, caste system~social arrangement

Native Indian family who drove Greek out and established an empire- Mauryas,
established Maurya Empire

Founder of false religion of buddhism- Siddhartha Gautama

Places where Buddhism survive today- Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Japan,
and parts of China, Korea, and Southeast Asia

Empire that inaugurated India’s golden age- Guptas

Contributions of India to Math and Science- devised symbol meaning “not


any”(Arabs call Cipher)(today zero), developed place value and decimal numeral
system, created Arabic numerals, Algebra- “reunion of broken parts”
Section 2

World’s oldest living civilization- China

Place where first known Chinese civilization settled- Huang He

Name of the land- Chung-Kuo

Major accomplishments of Shang dynasty in China- developed a system of writing

China’s longest ruling dynasty- Chou dynasty

China’s two greatest philosophers during Chou- Lao-tse, Confucius

Name where the name China originated- Ch’in dynasty

Longest fortification built during Ch’in- The great wall of China

Dynasty that marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory- Han dynasty

Contributions of Han- Great Silk Road, devised calendar, wove silk cloth, made
glazed pottery, discovered how to make paper

Significance of the empire of Genghis Khan- the largest continental empire in


history

Dynasty established by the successors of Genghis Khan- Yuan dynasty


Section 3
Four major islands of the Japanese island chain- Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu,
Shikoku

Word Japanese call Japan- Nippon “source of the sun”

The word the name Japan derived from- Cipango (given by Marco Polo)

Influences of Chinese culture upon early Japanese culture- religion(Buddhism,


Confucianism) and culture, including art, writing, and centralized government,
emphasis upon importance of family, respect for family traditions

Feudal classes in medieval Japan- 1. Shouguns- controlled public affairs


2. Daimios- local landlords
3.Samurai-warriors/knights served in private
armies of the daimios
4.Peasants

Reason why Japanese isolated themselves from the world during 1600s- afraid that
Jesuit activity would destroy traditional Japanese Culture and extensive trade with
foreigners would result in foreign domination

10 independent nations of Southeast Asia- Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia,


Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei

Nations that recognizes some measure of freedom for their citizens- Malaysia,
Singapore, Philippines
Chapter review
Aryans- invaders from Central Asia and the Iranian Plateau
Dravidians- indigenous people who fled to southern India, descendants still live
there today
Mauryas- native Indian family who drove the Greek out of India and established an
empire
Asoka- extended his dominion southward until he controlled over 2/3 of the Indian
subcontinent

Siddhartha Gautama- founded the false religion of Buddhism


Guptas- native Indian dynasty, inaugurated India’s golden age
Mogul Empire, Babar- Muslim warrior who invaded India from Afghanistan and
founded Mogul Empire

Shang Dynasty- developed a system of writing

Chou Dynasty- longest ruling dynasty

Confucius, Lao-tse- China’s two greatest philosophers

Chi’in Dynasty- the dynasty that came after Chou, where the word China came from

Shih Huang Ti- first emperor of an united China. Abolished the ancient feudal
system, established strong monarchy, expanded existing frontier fortifications to
the great wall of China

Han dynasty- marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory

Mongols- fierce nomads from the northern steppes of Asia

Genghis Khan- leaded the Mongols and swept into China, his empire was the
largest continental empire in history
Marco Polo- Italian who traveled to China, spent almost 20 years in the kingdom
of Kublai Khan, reported about Chinese to Europe

Kublai Khan- the grandson of Genghis Khan

Places

Mount Everest- highest place on earth


Dead sea- lowest place on earth
Indus River Valley- where Indian civilization first arose (modern India and Pakistan)
Taj Mahal- “best of buildings” built by a Mogul emperor as a tomb for his favorite
wife
Pakistan- where India became the state of
Bangladesh- what east Pakistan became
Huang He Valley- Huang He or yellow river, name from yellowish-brown color(a.k.a.
“China’s Sorrow”
Chung-kuo- The land of the first known Chinese civilization
Great Wall of China- world’s longest wall, got expanded from frontier fortifications,
4000mi with the turns and twist of the wall
Great Silk Road- linked China with the Roman world

Terms

archipelago- a group of island


Hinduism- religion believing that gods are only manifestations of one absolute,
impersonal, universal spirit they call Brahma
Caste system- 1. Brahmans- Hindu priests 2. Princes and warriors 3.landowners,
merchants, 3.farmers,laborers,servants
Buddhism- reincarnations, ultimate goal of escape into oblivion
Hindustani- hybrid Persian tongue mixed with Arabic and Hindi
Dynasty- ruling families
Clan- a group of extended families

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