CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Commuter students living with their families are not

having an easy time in a system geared to the residential

experience. But giving the soaring cost of halls, staying at

home can seem an attractive option.

Being far from the school is just one of the many

problems encounter by commuter students’ and who regularly

travels them as a subordinate who works in the city” as

commuters students they travel between their homes and their

respective schools.

In spite of the effect of the commuters students

encounter they pursue their student because they have their

aspiration and motivations.

Living in their poblacions is not easy. It takes time of

travel before one arrives in the school. Fare and allowance

should be provided by their parents only to educate and

support their children and succeed in life. If there is no

money for fare they should find another way to provide money

1
or they should walk in going to school, endure the heat of the

sun and tiredness.1

Commuters students are an over looked and often misunderstood

group she says if you at prospectuses there will be pages

devoted to accommodation and little if anything for commuters

best routes to get there, where they can park or where they

can store their books and equipment. I find it shocking that

students us about being locked out of lectures or shouted at

if they were help up.

Commuters students cannot just roll out of bed for lectures.

Zam-zan Ibrahim, who studied finance in the University of sal

ford and live in the Bolton, travelled to hours a day.

Knowing the challenges faced by those who commute, she is

keen to promote change. I live at home because I did not feel

my parents could support me financially and the students

maintenance, loan doesn't cover the cost if you live in halls.

Students who live at home are more likely to come from low-

income household to struggles financially and to paid work.

They are also more likely to be care parents or mature

students.

Locale school (and which students travelled daily) in same

case this was simply due to the distances to travel and the

1 Janet MacDonald R., et.al “commuters from what? Perspective of

Distance Learning Students in their Areas of Scotland.”,Vol 12 ,No. 4
(2011)

2
number of pickups on the route, but in other cases the time

taken with relate to the condition of the roads, dirt and

gravel roads,greatly increase the travel time neighboring

schools (where students travels substantial) distance and/or

temporily boarding chosen to the school.2

Although there has been little research attention directed

towards student’s research has none the less identified a

number of issues affecting distance learners generally.

These are the reasons why the researchers wants to study this

phenomenan because it will find out what are strategies of

Senior High School Students living in their areas to finish

their studies and the researchers wants to be inspired and

inspire others people by the attitudes shown by the living far

from cities and more to have an achievement and to finish

their studies.

Statements of the Problem

It specifically aimed to know the Academic Performance of

Senior High School Student Commuters

1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

2 Sher, JP and Sher, KR (1994) Beyond the conventional wisdom :Rural

Development as of Australias Rural people and communities really mattered

in journal of research in Rural Education, Volume. 10 No.:1 pp 2-43

3
 1.2 Weekly Allowance

1.3 Sex

1.4 Address

1.5 Distance from home to school

2. What are the study habit of the commuter to the Academic

Performance in Senior High School Students of Laoang National

Technical High School in their studies.

3. What are the study habits of Senior High Students in

Academic Performance in Senior High School Students of Laoang

National Technical High School in their studies.

4.Is there a significant Relationship between the profile of

the respondents such as Age, Weekly Allowance, Sex, Address,

Distance from home to school in their studies?

5.Is there a significant relationship between the profile of

the respondents such as Age, Weekly Allowance, Sex, Address,

Distance from home to school in their studies?

Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study are to know the

Academic Performance of Senior High School Student Commuters

in their studies

1.1 Age

4
1.2 Weekly Allowance

1.3 Sex

1.4 Address

1.5 Distance from home to school

2. To find out the study habit of senior high school student

commuters in their studies.

3. To find out the strategies of senior high school student

commuters in their studies.

4. To find out the significant relationship between the

profile of the respondents such as Age, Weekly Allowance, Sex,

Address, Distance from home to school in their studies.

5. To find out the significant relationship between the

profile of the respondents such as Age, Weekly Allowance, Sex,

Address, Distance from home to school in their studies. l

Importance of the Study

Students. This would serve as an encouragement to them to

finish their education despite the hardship they encounter.

This will serve as an inspiration to the students living in

the poblacions to do their best in their studies.

Parents. This study would be able to let their parents realize

the problems encountered by their children in their studies.

5
This will push them to help their children in finding

strategies in order for them to surpass the struggles in their

studies.

Class adviser. This study would serve awareness and guide to

the class adviser in giving moral support to their students to

be able to deal with such Problems Subject Teacher.

This study would serve as information to them to for extend

better understanding to the students who are in this

situation. This would also serve as a path reminder for them

to be able to open the chances to be given to their students.

Teacher. This study would give better understanding to the

teachers about these situations of those students on how are

they coping up problems just to finish their studies. This is

an eye-opener to the teachers if they can maximize their

chances given to the teachers towards students classroom

performance

School Guidance Counselors. This study would serve as an eye-

opener to the guidance counselors of the problems and

struggles being faced by the students on how formulate ways to

assist these students and guide other students who have in the

same situation.

School administration. The findings of this study would give

them ideas in formulating ways to assist their students.

6
Department of Education . This study would serve as an eye-

opener to the department to expand and strengthen the

education to places that are for from poblacions or in school

Land transportation Office. The findings of this study would

provide them information on what they could do to help

commuter students like transporting them safely home to school

Future Researchers .the findings of this study would serve as

a basis for the future researchers who should conduct related

studies in order to find solutions such as problematic

situations and share different strategies in surpassing the

problems in their studies.

The Researchers. The findings of this study would serve as

basis for the researchers who conduct these study in order to

find solution to such problematic situation in their studies.

Theoretical Framework

The ancient Greek philosopher Plato did a lot to change

the way we think about the world in everything from

mathematics to ethics to logic. But perhaps one of his most

influential contributions to philosophy was the theory of

forms in basic terms, Plato theory of forms asserts that the

physical world is not really the real world instead ultimate

reality exists beyond our physical world. Plato discusses this

7
theory in a few different dialogues including the most famous

one, called “The Republic, ” it is also likely that Plato

inherited some of this theory from his mentor Socrates.3 Plato

made contribution of the first rank to education in areas such

as administration cognitive theory curriculum development

teaching and pedagogy he do not provide a detailed over view

of these contributions here rather he focus on some of his

theoretical and practical contributions to the psychology of

mathematics education especially his three similes (the sun

the divided line and the cave) considered with regard to

mathematical curriculum he conclude with some crucial

questions regarding the implications of Plato's work for

mathematics education.4

Conceptual Framework

This study is conceptualized that the profile of the

respondents such as age, weekly allowance, sex, address,

distance from home to school, general average and fear level

is related to the Academic Performance of Senior High School

student Commuters

To illustrate this concept, a diagram is presented below.

3 https://www.google.com.ph/search?free basic& what is the study by

Plato
4 https//www.google.com.ph/search?freebasic&what is practice theory

8
Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

1.1. Age
COMMUTERS
1.2. Weekly Allowance

1.3. Address

1.4. Sex

1.5. General Average

1.6. Distance from

home to school STUDY HABITS

Figure 1. The schematic diagram showing the relationship

between the dependent and independent variables

9
Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined conceptually as used in

the research.

Age. Conceptually and operationally, it refers to the length

and time during which a being or thing existed.5

Weekly Allowance. Conceptually and operationally it refers to

the amount of money that is given to someone regularly or for

specific purpose.6

Address. Conceptually, it refers to a place where a person or

organization may be communicated with operationally, it refers

to the place where the respondents live.7

General Average. Conceptually it refers to a number expressing

the central or typical value in a set of data in particular

mode or mean which calculated by dividing the sum of the value

in the set by their numbers. Operationally it refers to the

grade gaind by the students in the first semester.8

Distance from home to school. Conceptually and operationally

it refers to conclude that the distance between the home and

school is not easy for the students.

Study habits. Working in groups can help students when they're

struggling to understand a concept and can enable them to

5 Https:/www.Diggo.com/dictionary/browser/Age
6 https:/google.com.ph/search?free basic & 9+what+is+alowance
7 Https:/www.Diggo.com/dictionary/browser/Address
8 https:/google.com.ph/search?free basic & 9+what+is+average

10
complete assignments more quickly than when working alone.

Keep groups small and structured to ensure the maximum benefit

to participants and reduce distraction.9

Scope and Limitation

The respondent of this study were the senior high school

students.

This study entitled "Academic Performance of Senior High

School Students Commuter" it focused on the student commuters

in their studies.

It was conducted at Laoang National Technical Highs School

year 2019-2020.

Hypotheses

There is no significant between the profile of the

respondents in the study habit.

There is no significant between the profile of the

respondents.

9 https://www.google.com.ph /search? Free basic & 9 + what + is study

habits

11
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDY

Related Literature

The school is an institution established by society for the

basic enculturation of the young. It is an agency organized by

society itself for the function of teaching and learning. Cook

and cook defined school as a certain building having a unity

of interacting personalities, a field of social Forces a

system of formal-informal control, a special culture world,

"Aside from the instructional function, another function of

the school is Child enculturation. Through this process, the

young internalize the culture of their time and place build

the school aspect of their

Personality and those become acceptable persons in society.

The school is also responsible for socialization, helping

pupils find their rules and status. Still another function is

acculturation where in pupils learn about other countries and

people, their way of life, customs, tradition, products, etc.

Indeed school plays a big role in the learning and social

life of a child. Knowing this function of school that makes

one's life a better do their best for their children to be

able to be sent to school. The students as will persevere for

12
their own sake. These they do in spite of the problems they

encountered.10

They are locked out of lectures or reprimanded by staff

for being late when public transport let them down. They are

excluded from fresher's week function ticketed in halls, and

if they do go on night out, they are constantly checking their

phones for the last train.

There is mounting evidence, however, that these students

are missing out. They are significantly less likely than their

peer's in halls to say they are learning a lot in their

courses, according to the latest students academic experience

survey from the Higher Education Policy Institute.

Towards the scholastic performance of the Senior High

School Students of Laoang National Technical High School.

2017-2018. Knowing the challenges faced by those who commute,

she is keen to promote change. "l live at home because I did

not feel my parents could support me financially and the

student maintenance loan doesn't cover the cost if you live in

halls.[didn't take advantage of fresher's week, for example

because I thought my classes did not start until the next week

so it was not worth paying the fares.

It is not only a moral imperative but a practical one, says

Hillman. The data shows that commuters students are less

10 Some, Danica M. et-al The geographical Distance from the Vicinity

13
likely to get good degrees and more likely to drop out".

However he adds that other factors might also explain their

underperformance. Students who live at home are more likely to

come from low-income households, to struggle financially and

to paid work. They are also more likely to be care, parent, or

mature student.11

Distance learners perception and experience and learning

support can also by influenced positivity by learning style or

approaches and the contribution of tutor of distance education

teachers. Certain learners attribute also influenced

positively perceptions, for instance, previous education

background, goals and motivation to enroll for cause. The

approaches distance learners use to the cause material

determined the level of the perceptions and experience of

learning support outcomes. The quality of learning depends on

the learning approach and individual learners adopts

(Entwistle & Ramsden, 1983;Biggs, 1997; Entwistle, 1997;

Alstete and Beutell, 2004) Learners may adapt three major

approaches or learning style lead to different achievement

levels and academic performance. Surface learning focuses in

memorization and recall of information and content without or

with little understanding. It has to do with note learning. It

leads to low achievement on the other hand the deep learning

approach is characterized by search for understanding,

11
Light foot, Lit(2019) commuter students: Locked out, left out, and growing in the number.

14
transformational development and application of knowledge.

Deep learning leads to a higher achievement than the surface

approach. The strategic approach involves the adaptation of

learning style that is driven by a search for desired

outcomes, for example, high grades, examination success, and

the qualification itself. It is more competitive and ego

oriented and is based on strategic planning. The strategic

approach emphasis the organization of studies around study

skills, assessment and what is deemed necessary for success

(Entwistle & Ramsden, 1993, Biggs,1997, Entwistle, 1997).The

strategic approach leads to academic success although the

individuals learning circumstances and resources may also

influence the academic performance. The provision of learning

support aims to enable distance learners to adapt

and apply deep and strategic learning approaches in order

to enhance their academic performance.12

Related Studies

Pame conducted a study on the Geographical Distance from

the Vicinity Towards the Scholastic Performance of the Senior

High School Students of Laoang National Technical High

School. The study aimed to find out the profile of the

respondents such as Age, Weekly Allowance, Sex, Address,

12
Gotcha, Godson (2007) learning support: perceptions and Experiences of Distance Learners
Marginalized Communities in Botswana, pp. 50-51.

15
General Average. The study used the descriptive-correlation

method. It generated the data through survey questionnaire to

come up with the desired data collection. The data gathered,

tabulated and analyzed through the used of frequency count,

percentage and weighted mean as the statistical tools. The

study reveals that the majority of the respondents are from

Barangay Calomotan, 16-20 age, have a 100 and below allowance

and make. It also tells that the common problem encountered of

the Senior high school students is "Unfavorable weather".Pame,

Danica et.al "The Geographical Distance from the

VicinityTowards Scholastic performance of the Senior High

School Students of Laoang National Technical High Schoo." 2018

Of Minnesota Twin Cities. Through the use of inductive method.

This study aims to examine current assumptions and generate

new data pertaining to commuter studies as articulated by

students so as to enable the construction of new theories

about commuter students’ needs and identification. Within-case

analysis was designed in order to more deeply understand the

commuter student population. The target population includes

students of many races, gender, major, and socio- economic

statuses. Additional challenges and concerns common across

interview participants include transportation, specific

obstacle, time management, safety, cost, registration and

social scheduling.

16
 Based on the institution definition, Commuters are

considered to be any individuals living outside of the back

Campus boundary. According for interviewees, however,

students may live in non-institutionally provided housing

beyond the Campus boundary while still not considering

themselves as a "Commuter Students" These findings confirm the

hypothesis that student understanding of and self-

identification as a commuter students are not aligned with the

current

institutional definition. Badger, C. W. (2018) A student

perspective: Commuter Students Experiences, Definition and

self-identification.

Similarities and Differences

The present study is similar with the study of Pame in

terms of profile of the respondents such as Age, Weekly

Allowance, Sex, Address, Distance from home to school, General

Average. Both studies focused on the students but the

prior studies pointing the geographical distance while the

present study focused to the problem in their studies and

their strategies the study conducted in Laoang

National Technical High School which is similar to the present

study.

17
 The prior study also used questionnaire as a main

instrument to gather data and utilized with the descriptive-

correlation method similar to the present study. The present

study is similar to the prior study because it reveals that

the most of the respondents are located in Barangay Calomotan

within the age 16-20. But most of them are male and receiving

with the amount of one hundred and below

(php.100-below) while the present study the most of the

respondents are female and received an amount of one hundred

one to five hundred (phone. 101-500).The previous study tells

that the common problem encountered by the respondents is

"unfavorable weather" which differs to the present study

results that "Distance of Residence to school", is the problem

of respondents.

Another study of Badger is similar on the present study.

It's focuses also to the commuter students who are outside the

Campus boundary. The previous study is different in profile in

terms of races, gender, majors, and socioeconomic statuses.

The prior study is conducted in Minnesota Twin Cities while

the present study is conducted in Laoang National Technical

High School. The present study used a questionnaire as a main

instrument

to gather data while the previous study used inductive

method or interview under a qualitative research. Both

respondent of the study are challenging with the problems in

18
transportation, cost and specific obstacles. The prior study

also revealed that the findings of hypothesis are not

significant to its variables which are similar to present

study.

Plesses, fierrc "problem in Rural Schools: Challenges of

Educational and Social Development ".2014. vo15 NO.20

19
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

Contrary to the popular legend that the word "Laoang" is

an evolution from the word "Lawag", Laoang as "Lawag", in

1800's maps may have its origin from the early Indonesian

settlers of the island. In suniatra island (now belonging to

Indonesia) there is an village known Bukitlawag in the

vicinity of lake toba.13

Laoang Norte San Samar The Saint Michael Paris Church where

the Patron St. Michael is enshrined. Built in 1963 by the

Franciscan Friars through the force labor, it's walls are two

meters thick of Cobble stones with two side's altars on both

the main facade is the guardian of laoang the statue of St.

Michael the Arcanghel and on the top it is the beautiful

statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Respondents

The respondents of this study was the Senior high

school students of Laoang National Technical High school who

live in their poblacions according to the Senior High

13 https://google com.ph/ search / Bheb Ponca. Word press

20
Department 151 of them was randomly selected to be respondents

of the study.

Variables and Measure

The variables were identified and categorized this

study they are the following:

Age. This refers to the place where the respondents has

lived.This was measured through frequency counts and

percentage.

Weekly Allowance.This terms refers to money received by the

respondents for specific purpose. This was measured through

frequency counts and percentage.

Address. This refers to a place where the respondents located

live. This was measured through frequency counts and

percentage.

Sex. Pertains to the gender of the respondents has lived from

birth up to the time he/she accomplished the questionnaire.

This was measured through frequency counts and percentage.

Distance from home to school. This refers to the challenges by

the senior high school students. This was measured through

frequency counts and percentage.

21
Research Design. This study employed the descriptive-

correlation research design. Descriptive research design was

used in this study for it described the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, weekly allowance, sex, address

and general average:

Moreover, correlation research design was also used in this

study for it determined the significant relationship between

the profiles of the respondents in their studies.

Address. Conceptually, it refers to a place where a person or

organization may be communicated with operationally, it

refers to the place where the respondents.

Weekly Allowance. Conceptually and operationally it refers to

the amount of money that is given to someone regularly or for

specific purpose14.

Average. Conceptually it refers a number expressing the

central or typical value in a set of data in particular mode

or mean which calculated by dividing the sum of the value in

the set by their numbers. Operationally, it refers to the

grade gained by the students in the first semester.15

Students. Conceptually and Operationally refers to a person

who attends a school or college.16

14 https:/www.google.com.ph/search?free basic & 9+what+is+allowance

15 https:/www.google.com.ph/search?free basic & 9+what+is+average
16 https:/www.google.com.ph/search?free basic & 9+what+is+students

22
Hypotheses

There is no significant effect between the profile of the

respondents in the study habits.

There I no significant effect between the profile of the

respondents.

Scope and Limitation

The respondents of this study were the Senior High Students.

This study entitled “Commuter and its Effect to the

Academic Performance in Senior High Students of Laoang

National Technical High School” it focused on the students

and commuters in their studies.

It was conducted at Laoang National Technical High School

year 2019-2020.

23