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GROUP H
Ideally, women who are planning to become Family history should include all chronic
pregnant should see a physician before disorders in family members to identify possible
conception; then they can learn about hereditary disorders (genetic evaluation).
pregnancy risks and ways to reduce risks. As During subsequent visits, queries focus on
part of preconception care, primary care interim developments, particularly vaginal
clinicians should advise all women of bleeding or fluid discharge, headache, changes
reproductive age to take a vitamin that contains in vision, edema of face or fingers, and changes
folic acid 400 to 800 mcg (0.4 to 0. 8 mg) once a in frequency or intensity of fetal movement.
day. Folate reduces risk of neural tube defects.
Gravidity and parity
If women have had a fetus or infant with a
neural tube defect, the recommended daily Gravidity is the number of confirmed
dose is 4000 mcg (4 mg). Taking folate before pregnancies; a pregnant woman is a gravida.
and after conception may also reduce the risk of Parity is the number of deliveries after 20
other birth defects (1). weeks. Multifetal pregnancy is counted as one
in terms of gravidity and parity. Abortus is the
Once pregnant, women require routine prenatal number of pregnancy losses (abortions) before
care to help safeguard their health and the 20 weeks regardless of cause (eg, spontaneous,
health of the fetus. Also, evaluation is often therapeutic, or elective abortion; ectopic
required for symptoms and signs of illness. pregnancy). Sum of parity and abortus equals
Common symptoms that are often pregnancy- gravidity.
related include
Parity is often recorded as 4 numbers:
Vaginal bleeding Number of term deliveries (after 37
Pelvic pain weeks)
Vomiting Number of premature deliveries (> 20
Lower-extremity edema and < 37 weeks)
Number of abortions
Prenatal visits may be scheduled more
Number of living children
frequently if risk of a poor pregnancy outcome
is high or less frequently if risk is very low. Thus, a woman who is pregnant and has had
one term delivery, one set of twins born at 32
Prenatal care includes weeks, and 2 abortions is gravida 5, para 1-1-2-
Screening for disorders 3.