Semantics Assignment

Practice 1.1
Name : Yeni Yulyana
NPM : 13510143
Class : Reguler Sore

Below are ten pairs of sentences. In each pair assume that the first sentence is true. Then decide
what we know about the second sentence, which has the same topic(s). If the first is true, must
the second also be true (T)? Or if the first is true, must the second be false (F)? Or does the
truth of the first tell us nothing about the truth of the second (X)?
1a Rose is married to Tom. (T)
1b Rose is Tom’s wife. (s), (T)

--- 1a and 1b have the same meaning. It’s called paraphrases.

2a David is an unmarried adult male. (T)

2b David is a bachelor. (T)

--- 2a and 2b are called entailment.

3a This knife is too dull to cut the rope. (T)

3b This knife isn’t sharp enough to cut the rope. (T)

--- 3a and 3b are called entailment.

4a Victoria likes to sing. (T)

4b Victoria doesn’t sing. (F)

--- 4a and 4b have contradictory meaning.

5a Harold has been here for an hour. (T)

5b Harold is tired of waiting.

--- It’s presupposition.

6a Mr Bond has given up smoking. (T)
6b Mr. Bond used to smoke. (T)

--- It’s called entailment.

7a Mr Bond still smokes. (T)

7b Mr. Bond used to smoke. (F)

--- It’s ambiguity/entailment.

8a Oil paintings are more expensive than watercolors. (T)

8b Watercolors cost more than oil paintings. (F)

--- There are have contradictory meaning.

9a The Carlson Hotel is more than a century old. (T)

9b The Carlson Hotel has operated for more than a century. (T)

--- There are have the same meaning (paraphrases).

10a Alice invited some friends to lunch. (T)

10b Alice has friends. (T)

--- There’re entailment.

Practice 3.5 Homonymy or Polysemy

Several nouns are listed below. Each is followed by two or more illustrations of how the lexeme
is used or by two or more short definitions. For each noun try to decide whether the form
represents one lexeme with two or more senses (polysemy) or two or more different lexemes
that happen to be pronounced (and spelled) alike (homonymy). Don’t consult a dictionary
before finishing this exercise.

bark the bark of a dog; the bark of a tree

 It’s homonymy. Its have 2 lexemes

bit a tool for drilling into wood; the cutting edge of an axe; the mouthpiece
of a bridle; a small quantity of any substance; a small role in a play or film
 It’s polysemy.

compound a substance composed of two or more elements; an enclosure containing

land and several buildings
 It’s polysemy.

corn a grain (in North America, maize; in Scotland, rye); a calloused place in
the epidermis, especially on the foot
 It’s homonymy.

flight the act of flying; the act of fleeing

 It’s polysemy.

foot the foot of a person or animal; the foot of a hill; the foot of a bed: the
foot of a table; the foot of a ladder; the foot of a page; 12 inches
 It’s polysemy. Except 12 inches.
Its have 2 lexeme.

horn one of two hard, projected growths on the head of certain animals; a
wind instrument
 It’s homonymy.
junk any useless material; a type of sailing-vessel
 It’s homonymy.

pole a long, comparatively slender piece of wood or metal, more or less

rounded; either of the two points, north and south, where the earth’s axis of rotation
meets the surface; one of the two points on a battery where opposite electrical forces
are concentrated
 It’s polysemy.

quarry an animal that is being pursued or hunted; a place from which stone is
excavated
 It’s homonymy.

school an educational institution; a group of fish of the same species moving

together
 It’s homonymy.

tattoo markings made on the skin by injecting a dye; a signal on a drum or

bugle
 It’s homonymy.