Chemistry project

STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID

IN VINEGAR

JOSEPH SAMUEL
CLASS XII B
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to everyone who made this project a
success.

Firstly, I would like to thank my teachers Mrs. Shweta and Mrs. Shweta for
giving me such an amazing project, which has helped give me an insight into
the subject.

Secondly, I would like to thank my parents for funding this project and
providing me with information and tips as and when possible.

Last but in no way the least, I would like to thank all of my friends and
classmates for helping me by answering all my queries and keeping me
encouraged throughout the span of the project. Special thanks to Kunal Mujoo
and Aayush Verma.
 INDEX
SR TOPIC Page
No. No.

1. AIM 1

2. OBJECTIVE 1

3. INTRODUCTION 2

4. MATERIALS REQUIRED 4

5. THEORY 5

6. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 7

7. OBSERVATIONS 10

8. RESULT 11

9. PRECAUTIONS 12

10. GALLERY 13

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
 AIM
Measuring the amount of acetic acid in vinegar by titration with indicator
solution. The goal of the project is to determine the amount of acetic acid in
different types of vinegar using titration with a coloured H indicator to
determine the endpoint.
 INTRODUCTION
Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol, which in turn was
previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the
production of acetic acid. There are many types of vinegar, each starting from
a different sugar source (e.g., rice, wine, malt, etc.). The amount of acetic acid
in vinegar can vary, typically between 4% to 6% for table vinegar, but up to
three times higher (18%) in pickling vinegar. In this project, we will determine
the amount of acid in different vinegars using titration, a common technique in
chemistry.

Titration is a way to measure the unknown amount of a chemical in a solution

with a known concentration. The titrating solution reacts with the titrant and
the endpoint of the reaction is monitored in some way. The concentration of
the titrant can now be calculated from the amount of titrating solution added
and ratio of the two chemicals in the chemical equation for the reaction. For
the titrating solution, we’ll use a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide. NaOH is a
strong base, which means that it dissociates almost completely in water.

To dispense an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution, we use a

burette. A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and graduated
markings on the outside to measure the volume contained in the burette. The
burette is mounted on a ring stand, directly above the titrant solution. To
measure the volume of the liquid of the burette, always read from the bottom
of the meniscus. In this experiment, we also use an indicator called
phenolphthalein.

Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic or neutral but turns

pinkish when it becomes basic and then light purple as it gets more basic. So,
when the vinegar solution turns pink, we know the titration is complete.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
The following materials are required for this project :

⮚ Vinegar, 3 types
⮚ Distilled water
⮚ Small funnel
⮚ 0.5% phenolphthalein solution in alcohol
⮚ 0.1 M NaOH solution
⮚ 125ml conical flask
⮚ 25ml or 50ml burette
⮚ 10ml graduated cylinder
⮚ Ring stand
⮚ Burette clamp
 THEORY
Required amount of NaOH can be calculated using the following formula:
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦×𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠×𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Mass(W) =
1000

0.5×40×500
=
1000

= 10g

The acetic acid content of a sample of vinegar can be determined by titrating it

with a solution of NaOH of known molarity.

The chemical reaction is given by :

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COON(aq) + H2O(l)

At the endpoint in the titration stoichiometry between both the solutions lies
in a 1:1 ratio.

MCH3COOH x MCH3COOH = 1

MNaOH x VNaOH =1

Strength of acetic acid = molarity x molar mass

= MCH3COOH x 60

Indicator:
Phenolphthalein

End point:
Colourless to pink
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The following steps are carried out :

1. Pour 1.5ml in a conical flask. Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar
so that the volume of the solution becomes 20ml.
2. Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.
3. Attach burette to burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand.
The opening of the bottom of the burette should be the just above the
height of the conical flask.
4. Use funnel to fill burette with a 0.1M solution of NaOH.
5. Note the starting level of the NaOH solution in the burette and place the
flask under it.
6. Slowly dip the NaOH solution in the into the vinegar solution. Swirl the
flask gently to mix the solution while keeping the opening underneath
the burette.
7. When the vinegar solution turns into a permanent pink stop the
titration.
8. Note the remaining level of NaOH solution in the burette.
9. Subtract the final reading from the initial reading.

10. Repeat the titration thrice for reach vinegar that we test.
 OBSERVATIONS

1. Take the household vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mentioned.

2. OBSERVATIONS:

VOLUME OF INITIAL READING

FINAL READINGVOLUME OF NaOH
S.NO VINEGAR USED
SOLUTION

1. 10 0 11.3 11.3

2. 10 11.3 22.8 11.5

3. 10 22.8 34.2 11.4

Average volume = 11.4mL

CALCULATIONS:

M(CH3COOH) * V(CH3COOH) = M(NaOH) * V(NaOH)

M(CH3COOH) = M(NaOH) * V(NaOH)/ V(CH3COOH)

M(CH3COOH) = 0.5*11.4 /10

M(CH3COOH) = 0.57 mole/L

Strength of acetic acid = 0.57 * 60 = 34.2 g/L.

 RESULT

The strengths of the three types of vinegar were calculated as

follows:

1. Strength of acetic acid in apple cider vinegar 37.2 g/L.

2. Strength of acetic acid in white vinegar = 42 g/L.

3. Strength of acetic acid in household vinegar 34.2 g/L.

 PRECAUTIONS

The following precautions must be taken while performing the

experiment:

1. Transference of measured vinegar into a measuring flask should be

done carefully.

2. Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to avoid parallax

3. Do not forget to add distilled water to the Look at the lower meniscus
in light-coloured solutions and upper meniscus in dark coloured
solutions.
PHOTO GALLERY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.wikipedia.com

www.icbse.com

Comprehensive class 12 practical chemistry lab journal by Lakshmi

Publications.