Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
I.ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
4.BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.2 TIMER
4.4 RF AMPLIFIER
4.5 RF ANTENNA
5.2 CAPACITORS
5.3 INDUCTORS
5.4 DIODE
7. 5.6 TRANSISTOR
5.7 TRANSFORMER
8. 5.8 RECTIFIER
5.10 FILTER
5.12 WIRES
5.14 SWITCH
6.ClRCUlT DIAGRAM
10. WORKING
8.1NSTALLATlON
9.SPEClFlCATONS
IO.APPLICATIONS
11 .ADVANTAGES
12.FUTIJRE SCOPE
13.CONCLUSlON
14.BlBlLOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
Mobile jammer is Ltsed to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the
base Stations. Mobile jammers effectively disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones
without causing any interference to other ecmmunieatio,n means. Mobile jammeß can be used in
practically any loc:uiont but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly dismptivé
like temples, libraries, hospitals. cinema halls, schools & colleges etc.
As with other radio jammng, mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out along the same
frequencies that mobile phones use. This causes enough
radio
render the phones unusable. Upon activating mobile jammerg, all mobile phones Will indicate ('NO
NETWORK'. Inecming calls are blocked if the mobile phone were off. When the mobile _j•ammers are
turned re-establish communic ations and provide full service.
When you lock at a cell tower, often there are multiple triangular
platform going up the pole. These usually belong to separate carriers.
The platforms are triangular, so the 3600 coverage can be subdivided again into 400slices for
pin pointed coverage's. These station pi9cks up the weak signal from you phones and relay it awards
it to another phone mast (station) nearer to you friend and I you're on the more while you talk you
phones switches station as you to without Interrupting your call
Cell phones are radio devices, they communicate by transmitting and receivrng voice over an
area
first, a cell phone radios the nearest cell towers(or site) when you make a call or turns
your phone On-your phone sends a message via radio that pick up by the tower station.
Next, a wire or fiber optic line carriers the call down the wireless access point, connected to
multiple switch.
—>The call gets routed to a back have usually down to an underground Wired Tl(or) T3 line, but
sometimes back up the mast to a power full LOS wireless microwave antenna
The inconung call (or) data comes back from back have and up through the switch to
antenna where it then hits your phone, if you are removing then there is a hand off- a new but more
or less identical cell site transmits the data to your phone, once your phone checks in.
Modern mobile communications use EM fields to exchange the information b/'w mobile
phones & BS, i.e., to transmit speech and data mobile commumcations use certain frequency ranges
to transmit this type of information.
Frequency range mostly consists of 2 frequency bands on half of
frequency band called the up line is used to transmit data from mobile phone
to the base stations. "Ihe other half of frequency band is used to transmit data
from base station to mobile phone called as downlink.
I. Dual band
2. Tri band
3. Quad band
Dual band operates on 2 frequency bands, they are
Cell phones work by communicating with a service network through the utilization of cellular towers
(or) base stations. Individual towers partition cities into small sections called as cells. As a cell phone
user transverse the cells in an area, the signal is passed from tower to tower.
Jamming devices take advantage of this fact by transmitting on the spectrum of RF used by
cellular devices. Through its concurrent transmission. The jamming devices are wave to disrupt the 2-
way commumcation b/w the phone and base station. Th1S form of a denial — of service attack
inhabits all cellular communication within the range of device.
Through the transmission of a high power signal on the Same frequency of a cell phone, the jamming
device creates a competing signal that covides with and in effect can cells out the cellular signal
cellular phones, which are designed to increase the power in the case of low levels of interference,
react to this interference. Consequently, jamming devices must be aware of any increases in power
by the cellular device and match that power level, accordingly.
As cellular telephones are full — duplex devices utilizing the 2 separate frequencies (one of talking,
one for listening, where all parties to call can talk at the sometime as opposed to half— duplex
walkie-talkies and CBs) , any removal of one ofthese frequencies tricks the phone into thinking there
is no cellular service consequently, the jammer need only block on of frequencies.
The less complex jammers can only block a specific frequencies group while the more complex
jammers can block several different networks thus preventing dual (or) tri mode phones from
switching to a different network, with an open signal Jammers are able to broadcast on any
frequency and can interrupt AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, DCS, pcs,
IDEN and Nextel systems. "Ihe efficient range of a jammer is dependent upon the strength of its
power source and the immediate physical environment (hills/walls which may block the jamming
signal). Lower powered jammers have a call block range of about 30m while higher power units can
create a cellular signal free zone about the size of a foot hall field. In addition, certain units applied
by law enforcement have been known to shut down cellular service approximately I mile from the
jamming device.
CDUA/GSU/PHS!PCSOCS/3G
station
A DC power supply, which converts AC into DC and maintains the output voltage constant
irrespective of AC mains fluctuations (or) load variations is known as regulated DC power supply.
A power supply consists of rectifier, filter and regulator. The conversion of AC voltage into steady
voltage is carried out by means of rectifier. In order to remove the alternating component of rectified
output (Ripple), we need a filter. To obtain constant output voltage irrespective of load variations (or)
a supply variation, we need a regulator.
TIMER
For generating accurate time delay, a 555 timer circuit is used. In most of the industries, operations
are scheduled according to specific time requirements. To achieve such timing requirements the
timer 555 is popularly used to build the timing circuits. The basic operation of timer IC 555 can be
explamed by its use as monostable circuits.
It is basically monolithic timer circuit which can be used in many applications such as monostable
and astable multivibrators, linear ramp generator missing the pulse detector, pulse width modulator
etc.,
Trigger
Ground
Threshold Discharge
Control
voltage
Output
hold
voltage
Functions ofpins:
Pin 1: Ground
All voltages are measured with respect to this terminal
Pin 2: Trigger
The IC 555 uses 2 comparators. The voltage divider consists of 3 equal resistances. Due to
voltage divider the voltage of non — terminal of comparator 2 is fixed to VCC /3. The inverting input
of comparator 2 which is compared with VCC/3 is nothing but trigger I/p brought out as pin 2 when
the trigger lip is slightly less than VCC/3, the comparator 2 output goes high The (Yp is given to reset
input of RS flip flop. So much output of comparator 2 resets the Flip — Flop.
Pin 3: Output
The complementary signal output Q of F/F goes to pin 3 which is the output. The load can
be connected in 2 ways. One between Pin 3 and ground, while the other b/w pin 3 and pin 8.
Pin 4:Reset
This is an interrupt to the timing device, when pin 4 grounded it stops the working of
device and makes it off. 'Illus pin 4 provides on / off
feature to IC 555. This reset input over rides all other functions within the timer when it is
momentarily grounded.
Pin 6: Threshold
This non inverting input terminal of con-I, the external voltage is applied to this pin 6. When this
voltage is more than 2/3 VCC, the comp -l output sets the E/F. This makes Q ofF/F high and Q low.
Thus (Yp of IC 555 at pin3 goes low.
Pin 7: Discharge
This pin is connected to the collector of discharge transistor Qd. When the (Yp is high than Q is low
and transistor Qd is off. It acts as an open circuit to be external capacitor C to be connected across it,
so capacitor C can charge when O/p is low, Q is high, which drives the base of Qd high, driving
transistor is Qd in saturation. It acts as short circuit, shorting the external capacitor C to be
connected across it.
Pin 8:supply
The IC 555 timer can work with any supply voltage b/w 4.0 v to
16v.
TUNING CIRCUIT
A tuning circuit having a coil and a capacitor comprises a resistance — adjustment circuit
connected in parallel with a coil and the capacitor. The resistance adjustment circuit changes a
resistance of turning circuit when resonant. The LC circuit also called as resonant circuit, tank circuit
(or) tuned circuit, it is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by a letter 'L' and
capacitor represented by 'C" connected together. The CRT acts as an electrical resonator.
LC circuits are used for either generating signals at a particular frequency (or) picking out
a signal at particular frequency from a more complex signal. An LC circult is an idealized model since
it assumes there is no dissipation of energy due to resistance Any practical implementation of an LC
circuit will always include loss resulting from small but non — zero resistance within the components
and connecting wires. The purpose of an LC circuit is usually to oscillate with minimal damping.
RF power amplifier:
& F, frequencies ranging from VLF through Microwave frequencies. The RF output
power can range from few mw to MW, depending upon application. The introduction of solid state
RF power devices brought the use of wire voltage, higher currents and low load resistances.
Output power
2. Gain
3. Linearity
4. Stability
5. DC supply voltage
6. Efficiency
7. Ruggedness
The power class of amplification determines the type of bias applied to RF power
transistor, power amplifier's efficiency is a measure of its ability to conven DC power of the supply
into signal power delivered to the load. In this, MRF 94751 is used as an RK power amplifier.
RF ANTENNA
RF SPECIFICATIONS
General:
Polarization: vertical
3.5dB at 500MHz
Power:
Physical:
RESISTOR:
The flow of charge (or) current through any material encounters an opposing force. This opposing
force is called as 'Resistance of the material"
Resistor (R)
Resistors are used as a part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. They are extremely
common place in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made ofvarious components
and films, as well as resistance wire [wire made ofa high —resistivity alloy, such as nickel chrome].
Primary characteristics of resistors are their resistance and the power they can dissipate. Other
characteristics include temperature co-efficient, noise and inductance, less well — known is critical
resistance the value between which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow,
and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials
constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions, its determined by design.
Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well integrated circuits. Since position
of leads (or terminals) are relevant to
equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overhear when dissipating
their
A resistor is a two — terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance
as a ctrcuit eliment — when a voltage 'V' is applied across the terminals of a resistor, a current 'I' will
how through the resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. The reciprocal ofthe constant of
proportionality is known as the resistance R I -since with a given voltage VI a larger value of R further
" resists" the flow of current I as given by Ohms law.
1=V/R.
SI units of resistor is ohms (k) — It is named after georg simon ohm An Ohn is equivalent
to a volt per ampere. Since resistors are specified and manufactured over a very large range of
values, the derived units of milli ohms and I mega ohm are also in common usage. The reciprocal of
resistance R is called conductance, G = I/R and is measured in siemen (SI
unit). Some times referred to as a ohm. Thus a siemen is the reciprocal of an ohm; Sz A-I
Some resistors are large enough in size to their resistance (ohms) printed on the body However there
are some resistors that re too small in size to have numbers printed on them therefore the system of
cader coding is used to indicate their values for their fixed moulded composition resistor 4 colour
bands are printed one are one end ofthe other casing.
The colour bands are always read from left to right from the end that as the bands close to it as
shown in figure. The numerical value associated with end colour is also shown- The & 2nd bands
represent the & 2nd significant digits the yd number is the multiplier and 4dl number is tolerance
with are brown, red, gold, silver colours respthy.
CAPACITORS
UNITS: the units of capacitance is FARADS(F). However, parad is a large unit. Practically, capacitors
were specified in
practical capacitor vary widely, but all contain at least 2 conductors separated by a non-conductor
capacitors are used as parts of electrical systems for example, consisting of metal foils separated by a
layer of insulating film.
The capacitor is a reasonably general model for electric fields with in the electric circuit.
An ideal capacitor wholly characterized by a constant capacitance 'C' defined as the ratio Of charge
:kQ, on each conductor to the voltage b/w then.
Sometimes, charge builtup affects the capacitor mechanically, causing its capacitance to vary. In this
ease, capacitance is defined in terms of incremental changes.
dQ/ dV
INDUCTOR
Inductor (or) coil (or) choke is an electromagnetic device consisting of a conducting wire wound in
cylindrical/ spiral form to obtain concentrated magnetic flux. The base on which the coil is wound
is known as core. The core may be a magnetic material such as iron, ferrite (or) air.
DIODE PN junction conducts current easily when forward biased and practically
current flows, when it is reverse biased. This unidirectional conduction characteristics Of PN junction
is similar to that of vaccum diode. Therefore like a vaccum diode, a semiconductor can also
accomplish. The job of reflection change alternating to direct current. However semiconductor diode
have become more popular as they are smaller in size, cheaper and robust, usually separated with
greater efficiency.
A PN junction diode is also called as semiconductor (or) crystal diode the outstanding property of a
crystal diode, to conduct current in one direction only. It can be used as rectifier. A crystal diode is
usually represented by schematic symbol. The arrow in the symbol indicates the direction of easier
conventional current flow.
The VI characteristics is drawn by taking voltage on x-axis and current on Y-axis. The charactorists for
toward and reverse bias of diode.
In towards bias the width of depletion layer decreases with increase In applied voltage,
the forward current remains Zero until the applied voltage equals to potential barrier.
In reverse bias condition the potential barrier of PN junction diode will Increase.
Therefore the junction resistance is very high and practically no current flows through the circuit.
Applications of Diode
l . Rectifier
2, Switch
LED
A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LED's are used as indicator lamps in
many devices and are increasing the used for heightening. When a night emitting diode is forward
biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes with in the device, releasing energy
in the form of photons.
photon is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An Led will offer
an small area and integrated optical components may be used to shape its
prediction patterm LED's present many advantages over incandescent light
sources including lower energy consumption, longer life time, Improved
robustness, smaller size faster switching and geater durability and reliability.
Working
Charge camers electons and flow into the junction from electrodes with different
voltages when an electron meets a hole, it fall into a lower energy level and
TRANSISTOR
Transistor
A BC 547 transistor is a negative —positive negative (NPN) transistor that is used for many purposes.
Together with other electronic components such as resistors, and capacitors. It can be used as the
active component for switches and amplifiers. Like all other NPN transistors, this type has an either
terminal, a base are control terminal and a collector terminal In a typical configuration, the current
flowing from the base to the emitter controls the collector current. A short vertical line, which is the
base, can indicate the
transistor schematic for the NPN transistor and the emitter which is a diagonal
line connecting to the base, is an arrowhead pointing away from the
The various types of transistors and BC 547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The
BC 547 transistors comes in one package. When several are placed in a single package
It is usually referred to as a transistor array. Arrays are commonly used in digital
switching eight transistors may be placed in one package to make layout much easier.
Whenever base is high, the current starts flowing through base and
emitter and offer that only current will pass from collector to emitter So, that the
Led which is connected to collector will glow to indicate the transistor is ON
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
A printed circuit board is nothing but a prepared, worked inter connecting system in which
the active and passive components can be inserted and soldered. It is the usually made o a copper
clad laminate based on epoxy resin or glass laminate
A printed circuit board consists of acnducting coating o a based material in the form of
laminate. The bas material used in manufacturing of copper clad or copper.
The PCB can also classified based on no of layers for conductors and presence of hols. They are
3. Multilayered board
3. Transferring the copper from places where it isn't required by using the process of etching
A PCB has to provide clean correct and easy means of interconnecting of various
components and devices relating to circuit of subsystem. The interconnecting tracks of different
components and devices to be used In electronic circuits.
Wires
A wire is a single, usually cyclindrical, flexible stand (or) rod of metal wires are used to bear
mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunication signal wires are commonly formed by drawing
the metal through a role in a die (or) draw plate wire guage cane in (variations) various standard sizes
as expressed in terms of guage no, the term is also used more loosely to refer as a bundle of such
standards as in multistand wire which is move correctly turned a wire rope in mechanic or a cable in
electricity_
Electrical wires are usually covered with installing materials such as plastic, rubber, polymers etc.,
wire comes in solid core, stand board or braided forms. Although usually circular in cross section,
wires can be made in square, hexagonal, hattered, rectangular (or) Other cross sections.
SWITCHES
Switches
In elelctrical and electronic system, a switch is a device which can make (or) break an electrical circuit
(or) we can say that switch is a controlling device which interrupt the flow of current on direct the
flow of current in another direction. Almost all the electrical and electromcs systems contain at least
on switch which is used to make the device On (or) Off. In addition, a switch is used to control the
circuit operation and user may able to activate (or) de activate the whole (or) certain parts of the
connected circuit.
Mechanical switches
Input
Terminal
On -Off Switch
A single pole single throw [SPSTI switch is a switch that only has a single I/P and can
connect only to one output. This means that it has one I/P terminal and one (Yp terminal_
A single pole single throw switch serves in circuits as on off switches. When the switch is
closed, the circuit is on . when the switch is open, the circuit is off
When the SPST is closed, the circuit open and light from the lamp switches ON. When the
SPST is then opened, the light from the lamp goes out and the CKT is off
SPST
lamp
Electrical/switches, are again classified into 3 types. They are
Transistor\
2. MOSFET'S
3. RELAYS
CIRCUIT diagram
WORKING
Constructional details:
Working:
Whenever the SPST switch is turned ON and the input supply is given, then the IC 555
timer generates an output signal depending upon the frequency used in it. Since the mobile signal
jammer can isolate (or) jam 3G signals. For each application, different 555 IC
The IC 555 timer present in mobile jammer produces frequency of desired range, the output of the
555 timer is then given to the RF power Amplifier [MRF947Tl]. Since the (Yp from the IC 555 timer is
of low power, it is given to the RF power Amplifier. This Amplifier strengthens the signal In power
range and then it is given to the tuning circuit. ThlS tuning circuit is used for impedance matching
with the RF Antenna. So that the frequency obtained from IC 555 timer with gets matched with the
frequency produced by the tuning circuit. This produces resonance, so that the maximum output can
be obtained from the Antenna.
The RF Antenna used here IS an collinear Antenna, which is an array of dipole Antenna.
Which strengthens the signal so that it can be transmitted to long distances.These Antenna are highly
directional Antenna. Therefore, the signals will travel long distance.
INSTALLATION
2. Never install this device close to the wall, wall will affect the
interference signals Put this device 30-50cm away from the wall.
3, One set of this device can block all types of cellular systems
including
WCDMA)signa1
and digital
SPECIFICATIONS
OUTPUT FREQUENCY AVERAGE CHANNEL OUTPUT
OUTPUT POWER
POWER
CDMA 800-850MHz 35dB 4dB/30khz(min)
GSM 850-900MHz 35dB 3dB/30KHz(min)
DCS 1800- 33dB IdB/30KHz(min)
3G 1900MHz 33dB IdB/30KHz(min)
2000-
2100MHz
DC 5V/8A
Energy consumption : 30W
Dimension: 451 241 8.5cm
Running temperature : -100 to +550 C
Weight
Output power 10 w
Jamming range : 2.50m