DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University.

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ODD Semester, 2019-20

Lab code & Name : 18ECC102J Electron Devices Lab

Year & Semester : II Year, III sem

Project Title :

Lab Supervisor :

Team Members :

Reg. No
Mark split up
Novelty in the project work
(1 marks)
Level of understanding of the design
formula (2 marks)
Contribution to the project
(1 Marks)
Report writing (1 Marks)

Total (10 Marks)

Date:
Signature of Lab Supervisor

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 INFRARED RAYS DETECTOR (fire alarm)

OBJECTIVE

The infrared rays detector is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates the buzzer
.fire alarm circuits are very important devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent
any damage to people or property.

ABSTRACT

Fire alarms are used in the event of a fire drill. They are activated either manually or
automatically. after the fire protection goals are established usually by referencing the
minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model building code, insurance
agencies, and other authorities the fire alarm designer undertakes to detail specific
components, arrangements and interfaces necessary to accomplish these goals. This paper
specifies various circuits for detecting fire.

Keywords: diodes, fire, alarm, photodiode.

INTRODUCTION

Give a brief description of the application addressed in the project.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT/DESCRIPTION
1.PCB board
2.Transistors
3.Regulator
4.Photodiode
5.Buzzer
6.Battery

CIRCUIT/COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS

Supply voltage (VCC) 9V

Resistors 1.2k, 1k
Regulator 7805
Transistors BC547
Photo diode

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

APPROACH/METHODOLOGY

Firstly according to the circuit using PCB board by soldering is done. then the sensor
which detects the heat rays then the circuit is closed circuit by the use of voltage regulator
to limit the current so that only required amount is passed so that it does not get short
circuited. Then if the circuit is closed that is when sensor detects infrared rays buzzer
produces sound that serves as a alarm and if fire is produced that is heat buzzer gets
alarmed and people get cautioned so that people would be saved and damage to the
property is reduced.An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense
some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well

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as detects the motion.These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather
than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all
the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by an infrared sensor.The emitter is simply a
sensor and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the
same wavelength as that emitted by the IR sensor. When IR light falls on the photodiode,
The resistances and these output voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the
IR light received.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus the infra red detector that is alarm circuit circuit is constructed and the buzzer
produces sound automatically when it senses the fire.

APPENDIX

9V Battery

The 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for the early
transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized
snap connector at the top. This type is commonly used in simple fire alarms, clocks and
smoke detectors.

Transistor BC547 : is a NPN transistor, which is used as a Amplifier here. NPN transistor
acts as a open switch when there is no voltage applied on its Base (B) and it acts as closed
switch when these is some voltage at its base. Generally 0.7 volt is enough to get it fully
conducted.

Buzzer

A buzzer is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or

piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices,
timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

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Photodiode
Electronic instrument that is used to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings. It
does this by either emitting or detecting infrared radiation. Infrared sensors are also
capable of measuring the heat being emitted by an object and detecting motion.

Voltage Regulator
Voltage regulators work most efficiently when a clean DC signal is fed into it, and these
bypass capacitor helps to reduce any AC ripple. ... The regulator in this circuit is a
5V regulator, which then steps the 9V voltage signal down to 5V, and pushes this on the
output.

Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses.

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 FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT

 TEAM MEMBERS NAME WITH REGISTER NUMBER

PHOTO OF PROJECT

T.PRUDHVI -RA1811004010477
R.MOHAN -RA1811004010497