CHEM 18.

1: UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

FIRST EXAM PROBLEM SET
1ST SEMESTER AY 2019-2020

A. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND UNIT CONVERSION

Pressure is the perpendicular force applied per unit area. The derived SI unit for pressure is Pascal (1 Pa =
N/m2). Its counterpart in the centimeter-gram-second unit system is Barye (1 Ba = dyne/cm2).

Useful conversion: 1 Ba = 0.10 Pa

a. Convert 1.01325 kPa to cBa.
b. What is the equivalent of 1 dyne to Newton (N)?
c. Convert 705.6 N to dyne.

B. FLAME TEST
An unknown solid, when subjected to flame test, imparts a red color to the flame. Which of the following
salts could replicate this observation?
Compound Yes/No
CaCl2
NaCl
BaCl2
KNO3
Ca(NO3)2

C. GEOMETRY AND POLARITY OF MOLECULES

For each of the following molecules, draw their Lewis structures in their proper molecular geometry and
identify their corresponding polarity.
1. Cl2CO 2. CH2Cl2
3. SO2Cl2 4. BF2Cl
5. HCP

D. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

Each item consists of two substances being compared by a certain property. Write A if the property best
describes SUBSTANCE A, B if the property best describes SUBSTANCE B, C if the property describes both
substances and D if the property describes neither substances.

PROPERTY SUBSTANCE A SUBSTANCE B

1. exhibits London dispersion
Ar H2O
force
2. exhibits dipole-dipole force NH3 N2
H
H
H O C
H
C C C O
3. exhibits H-bonding H H
C H H C
H H H
H C
H
H
4. lower vapor pressure HCl HBr
H H H
H O
H H C C C
5. lower surface tension H H H
H C C C H C C H
H H O H H
6. lower viscosity CCl4 ICl5
H H
H H H
H C H
C H
7. higher heat of vaporization C C
H H C
C H O H
H O H
H H
8. higher surface tension SF4 SF6
9. higher heat of fusion CO2 I2
 H O H H
H H O H H N O
C C
10. number of H-bonding site C O C C C C C
H
N H H O H H H O
H H H

E. CALCULATION OF BOILING POINT AND SURFACE TENSION

The surface tension of two substances at 30oC were determined by using the drop-weight method. The data
are as follows:
Substance A Substance B
Parameters Values Parameters Values
mass of test tube, g 10.96 mass of test tube, g 10.34
mass of test tube + 30 drops of mass of test tube + 30 drops of
9.54 9.43
substance A, g substance B, g
Density, g/mL 0.8455 Density, g/mL 0.9112
diameter of burette tip, cm 0.350 diameter of burette tip, cm 0.350
1. From the given data, determine the following:
a. mass of drop, g
b. volume of drop, mL
c. r/V1/3
d. F
e. surface tension (g/s2)

2. From the calculated surface tension, determine which substance has stronger IMFA.

F. MOLE CONCEPT
Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KC8H5O4, MM = 204.22 g/mol), also known as KHP, is a widely used standard
in chemical oxygen demand determination.
1. Calculate the mass of KHP needed (in g) to prepare 100 mL of 900 ppm KHP standard solution.
2. How many C atoms are there in 100 mL of 900 ppm KHP standard solution?
3. If 450 mL of 900 ppm KHP standard solution was taken and diluted to 500 mL, what is the
concentration of the diluted sample in terms of % w/v? in terms of M?

G. COOLING CURVE
Pegaraw determined the freezing point of pure solvent X and solution Z (pure solvent X + solute Y). The
difference in their freezing points is 6.0°C. Help pegaraw determine the freezing point depression constant
(°C/m) of the solvent X if solution Z is prepared by dissolving 0.20 grams solute Y in 1.50 grams solvent X.
The molar mass of solute Y is 42.39 g/mol.

H. CHEMICAL KINETICS
Professor X is determining the rate law of the reaction between compound X and Y producing compound Z.
He then proceeds in the lab and obtain the following data summarized in the following table that shows the
initial concentrations of the reactants and the time it takes to produce the corresponding amount of
compound Z using method of initial rates:
{X], M [Y], M [Z], M Synthesis time of Z, min
0.10 0.50 0.10 2.30
0.20 0.30 0.20 9.04
0.40 0.60 0.40 3.19
0.20 0.60 0.20 2.26
0.40 0.30 0.40 12.78

a. Write the rate law of the reaction.

b. What will happen to the rate of the reaction if Professor X quadruple the concentration of
compound X? How about if he reduces the concentration of compound Y to half? How about if
he does both at the same time?
c. Professor X need 0.20 M of compound Z and he only has 0.30 M each of compound X and Y
remaining in his lab, if he will proceed to synthesize compound Z with his remaining resources,
will this be enough given that he needs it within 5 mins? Show complete solution.
 I. NUCLEAR REACTIONS
1. Write the balanced nuclear reaction for the following processes.
a. electron capture of potassium-40
b. positron emission of a nuclide to produce actinium-209
c. alpha emission of uranium-217 and positron emission of its daughter nuclide
d. uranium-238 undergoes alpha emission producing a metastable nucleus which undergoes
isomeric transition

2. Americium-241 is used in smoke detectors. It works by ionizing air molecules by emitting alpha
particles. It has a long half-life of 458 years. How long will it take until there is only 10% of the sample
is remaining?

Table 1. Table of correction factor for drop weight method of determination of surface tension using Tate’s law.
Correction Factor (F)
r/V1/3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0.0 1.00000 0.99068 0.98102 0.97108 0.96093 0.95063 0.94024 0.92980 0.91935 0.90895
0.1 0.89861 0.88838 0.87829 0.86834 0.85858 0.84901 0.83966 0.83053 0.82163 0.81298
0.2 0.80457 0.79642 0.78852 0.78087 0.77349 0.76635 0.75947 0.75283 0.74643 0.74027
0.3 0.73434 0.72863 0.72313 0.71784 0.71275 0.70786 0.70314 0.69860 0.69423 0.69001
0.4 0.68595 0.68202 0.67824 0.67457 0.67103 0.66760 0.66428 0.66106 0.65794 0.65491
0.5 0.65196 0.64909 0.64630 0.64359 0.64095 0.63838 0.63588 0.63344 0.63107 0.62877
0.6 0.62653 0.62435 0.62225 0.62021 0.61824 0.61634 0.61451 0.61275 0.61108 0.60948
0.7 0.60797 0.60654 0.60520 0.60395 0.60280 0.60175 0.60079 0.59994 0.59920 0.59856
0.8 0.59804 0.59763 0.59734 0.59717 0.59711 0.59718 0.59736 0.59767 0.59810 0.59865
0.9 0.59932 0.60010 0.60100 0.60201 0.60314 0.60436 0.60569 0.60712 0.60863 0.61023
1.0 0.61190 0.61364 0.61544 0.61730 0.61920 0.62112 0.62307 0.62503 0.62699 0.62894
1.1 0.63086 0.63274 0.63456 0.63632 0.63800 0.63959 0.64107 0.64242 0.64363 0.64470
1.2 0.64559 0.65318 0.65338 0.65303 0.65218 0.65087 0.64915 0.64706 0.64464 0.64194
1.3 0.63898 0.63581 0.63245 0.62893 0.62530 0.62156 0.61775 0.61389 0.61000 0.60610
1.4 0.60220 0.59833 0.59448 0.59069 0.58694 0.58326 0.57963 0.57608 0.57260 0.56918
1.5 0.56583 0.56253 0.55929 0.55609 0.55292 0.54977 0.54662 0.54346 0.54027 0.53702
ANSWER KEY

A. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND UNIT CONVERSION

a. 1.01325 X 106 cBa
b. 1 x 10-5 N
c. 7.056 x 107 dyne

B. FLAME TEST
Compound Yes/No
CaCl2 Yes
NaCl No
BaCl2 No
KNO3 No
Ca(NO3)2 Yes

C. GEOMETRY AND POLARITY OF MOLECULES

➢ Consult your instructor for the correct answers

D. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

1. C 6. A
2. A 7. A
3. D 8. A
4. B 9. B
5. B 10. B

E. CALCULATION OF SURFACE TENSION

F. MOLE CONCEPT
a. 9.00 X 10-2 g
b. 2.12 x 1021 atoms C
c. % w/v = 8.10 x 10-2%; 3.97 x 10-3 M

G. COOLING CURVE
Answer: 1.9 °C/m

H. CHEMICAL KINETICS
a. rate = k[X]0.5[Y]2
b. increase 2x; decrease by 25%; decrease by 50%
c. No

I. NUCLEAR REACTIONS
1.
a. 40 0 40
19𝐾 + −1𝑒 → 18𝐴𝑟 + 0𝛾
0

b. 209 209
90𝑇ℎ → 89𝐴𝑐 + +1𝛽
0

c. 217 213
92𝑈 → 90𝑇ℎ + 2𝐻𝑒
4
213 213 0
90𝑇ℎ → 89𝐴𝑐 + +1𝛽
d. 238
92𝑈 →
234𝑚 4
90𝑇ℎ + 2𝐻𝑒
234𝑚 234 0
90𝑇ℎ → 90𝑇ℎ + 0𝛾

2. 1.52 x 103 years