Founded in 1915 Volume 139 Number 1 January 2011

Copyright Ó 2011 by the American Association of Orthodontists

CONTENTS
COVER
On the cover: In this issue of the journal, we begin a new feature titled Point-Counterpoint. Each
quarter, 2 well-known individuals will debate a controversial topic in orthodontics. The topic of the
inaugural Point-Counterpoint is ‘‘Relationships between malocclusion and TMD,’’ and our experts
will discuss implications for the gnathologist and the orthodontist. The smiling patient on the cover
is Kylie Realmuto, who was treated by Drs. David Sarver and Mark Yanosky from Birmingham,
Alabama.

EDITORIAL
Changing of the guard: A look at the future 1
Vincent G. Kokich, Editor-in-Chief, Tacoma, Wash

READERS' FORUM
About light and shadow 2
Alexander Spassov, Dragan Pavlovic, and Kamen Spasov, Greifswald, Germany

Authors’ response 2
Tiziano Baccetti, Maria Leonardi, and Veronica Giuntini, Firenze, Italy

Lack of evidence forces practitioners to make clinically based decisions 3

Christine Porter Ellis, Dallas, Tex

Authors’ response 4
Kevin O'Brien and Jonathan Sandler, Manchester and Chesterfield, United Kingdom

ETHICS IN ORTHODONTICS
Academic impropriety 5
Peter M. Greco, Philadelphia, PA

RESIDENTS' JOURNAL REVIEW

Residents’ journal review 7

The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (ISSN 0889-5406) is published monthly by Elsevier Inc., 360 Park
Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address
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3251 Riverport Lane, Maryland Heights, MO 63043.

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POINT/COUNTERPOINT
Relationship between occlusion and temporomandibular disorders

Implications for the gnathologist 10

Rudolf Slavicek, Vienna, Austria

Implications for the orthodontist 11

Charles S. Greene, Chicago, Ill

SPECIAL ARTICLE
Survey of orthodontic residency programs: Teaching about occlusion, temporomandibular 17
joints, and temporomandibular disorders in postgraduate curricula
John Stockstill, Charles S. Greene, Sanjivan Kandasamy, Debra Campbell, and Donald Rinchuse, Augusta,
Ga, Chicago, Ill, Perth, Australia, and Pittsburgh, Pa

ONLINE ONLY
Abstracts of this issue’s Online Only articles appear on page 22A

Lip pressure at rest and during function in 2 groups of patients with different occlusions e1
Domizia Di Fazio, Luca Lombardo, Antonio Gracco, Pasquale D'Amico, and Giuseppe Siciliani, Ferrara, Italy

Electron-beam irradiation of polymer bracket materials e7

Andreas Faltermeier, Michael Behr, Claudia Reicheneder, Peter Proff, and Piero R€omer, Regensburg, Germany

Integration of parts in the facial skeleton and cervical vertebrae e13

Brendan McCane and Martin R. Kean, Dunedin, New Zealand

Mechanical effects of third-order movement in self-ligated brackets by the measurement of e31

torque expression
Thomas W. Major, Jason P. Carey, David S. Nobes, Giseon Heo, and Paul W. Major, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada

Treatment of posterior crossbite comparing 2 appliances: A community-based trial e45

Fabiana Godoy, Juliana Godoy-Bezerra, and Aronita Rosenblatt, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Effects of analgesics on orthodontic pain e53

Shreena Patel, Susan P. McGorray, Robert Yezierski, Roger Fillingim, Henrietta Logan, and
Timothy T. Wheeler, Jacksonville and Gainesville, Fla

Three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis in treatment planning for orthodontic e59
tooth movement
Hussein H. Ammar, Peter Ngan, Richard J. Crout, Victor H. Mucino, and Osama M. Mukdadi,
Morgantown, WVa

Stability of unilateral posterior crossbite correction in the mixed dentition: A randomized e73
clinical trial with a 3-year follow-up
Sofia Petren, Krister Bjerklin, and Lars Bondemark, Malm€o, Sweden

Drift characteristics of miniscrews and molars for anchorage under orthodontic force: e83
3-dimensional computed tomography registration evaluation
Hong Liu, Tao Lv, Na-na Wang, Fang Zhao, Ke-tao Wang, and Dong-xu Liu, Jinan, China

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Smile esthetics from the layperson’s perspective e91

Nathan C. Springer, Chan Chang, Henry W. Fields, F. Michael Beck, Allen R. Firestone, Stephen Rosenstiel,
and James C. Christensen, New Philadelphia, Columbus, and Dayton, Ohio

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the 24
short term
Elvira Marsico, Elda Gatto, Maryalba Burrascano, Giovanni Matarese, and Giancarlo Cordasco, Messina,
Italy

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
C Orthodontic tooth movement: Bone formation and its stability over time 37
E Sonõa Novackova, Ivo Marek, and Milan Kamınek, Olomouc, Czech Republic

C In-vitro assessment of the forces generated by lingual fixed retainers 44

E Iosif Sifakakis, Nikolaos Pandis, Theodore Eliades, Margarita Makou, Christos Katsaros, and
Christoph Bourauel, Athens, Corfu, and Thessaloniki, Greece, Bern, Switzerland, and Bonn, Germany

Incidence of open gingival embrasures after mandibular incisor extractions: A clinical 49

photographic evaluation
Flavio Uribe, Brett Holliday, and Ravindra Nanda, Farmington, Conn

C Nickel: Periodontal status and blood parameters in allergic orthodontic patients 55

E Camila Alessandra Pazzini, Luciano Jose Pereira, Rodrigo Generoso Carlos, Gustavo Eust
aquio Brito
Alvim de Melo, Maria Aparecida Zampini, and Leandro Silva Marques, Tr^es Coraç~oes and Diamantina,
Minas Gerais, Brazil

C Histologic evaluation of root response to intrusion in mandibular teeth in beagle dogs 60

E Juan I. Ramirez-Echave, Peter H. Buschang, Roberto Carrillo, P. Emile Rossouw, William W. Nagy, and
Lynne A. Opperman, Houston and Dallas, Tex, and Monterrey, Mexico

Discrepancy index relative to age, sex, and the probability of completing treatment by one 70
resident in a 2-year graduate orthodontics program
Sean M. Schafer, Gerardo Maupome, George J. Eckert, and W. Eugene Roberts, Indianapolis, Ind

Static frictional force and surface roughness of various bracket and wire combinations 74
Umal H. Doshi and Wasundhara A. Bhad-Patil, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: 80

Stability and risk factors for relapse
Gundega Jakobsone, Arild Stenvik, Leiv Sandvik, and Lisen Espeland, Riga, Latvia, and Oslo, Norway

Dental health assessed after interproximal enamel reduction: Caries risk in posterior teeth 90
Bj€orn U. Zachrisson, Line Minster, Bjørn Øgaard, and Dowen Birkhed, Oslo, Norway, and G€oteborg, Sweden

CASE REPORTS
Maxillary protraction with miniplates providing skeletal anchorage in a growing Class III 99
patient
Bong-Kuen Cha, Dong-Soon Choi, Peter Ngan, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, Soung-Min Kim, and
In-san Jang, Gangneung and Seoul, South Korea, Morgantown, WVa, and Berlin, Germany

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Efficient usage of implant anchorage to treat overerupted maxillary first molar and mesially 113
inclined mandibular molars
Ritsuko Ohura, Shingo Kuroda, Takumi Takahashi, Yuko Tomita, and Eiji Tanaka, Tokushima, Japan

CLINICIAN'S CORNER
Accidental ingestion of a fractured Twin-block appliance 123
Neeraj S. Rohida and Wasundhara A. Bhad, Nagpur, India

TECHNO BYTES
Comparison of mesiodistal root angulation with posttreatment panoramic radiographs and 126
cone-beam computed tomography
Daniel G. Bouwens, Lucia Cevidanes, John B. Ludlow, and Ceib Phillips, Chapel Hill, NC

LITIGATION AND LEGISLATION

What do patients actually consent to? 133
Laurance Jerrold, Jacksonville, Fla

AMERICAN BOARD OF ORTHODONTICS

Common errors in preparing for and completing the American Board of Orthodontics clinical 136
examination
Jeryl D. English, Barry S. Briss, Scott A. Jamieson, Marvin C. Kastrop, Paul T. Castelein, Eladio DeLeon,
Jr, Steven A. Dugoni, Chun-Hsi Chung, and Peter M. Greco, Houston, Tex, Boston, Mass, Marquette,
Mich, Billings, Mont, Princeton, Ill, Augusta, Ga, South San Francisco, Calif, and Philadelphia, Pa

CONTINUING EDUCATION
Instructions 138

BOOK REVIEWS
Essentials of orthognathic surgery, 2nd edition by Johan P. Reyneke 139
Reviewed by Alex Jacobson

Biomechanics in orthodontics: Principles and practice by Ram S. Nanda and Yah S. Tosun 139
Reviewed by Alex Jacobson

DIRECTORY: AAO OFFICERS AND ORGANIZATIONS 141

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READER'S SERVICE
Information for authors 17A

Change of address 26A

Information for readers 20A

Classified ad section Inside back cover

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