THE GEOLOGIC AND HYDROMETEOROLOGIC HAZARDS OF SITIO

MAINANTANG

A Survey Study
Presented to

Senior High School Faculty

Dr. Gerardo Sabal Memorial National High School
Poblacion , Claveria, Misamis Oriental

In Partial Fulfillment of
the requirements for Earth and Life Science11

By:
Ampo, Reigndel S.
Bantecel,Reyjun E.
Budburan, Louie T.
Casadio, Noel S.
Colaba, Nilo M.
Comajig, Jeric E.
Eduave, Rudenio M.
Facturanan, June E.
Fullo, Rafael A.
Sajol, Carl Joseph M.
Salubre, John Mark A.
Serugnas, Michael Shama A.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Hydrometeorological hazards are caused by extreme meteorological and climate events, such as

floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, or landslides. A geologic hazard is one of several types of

adverse geologic conditions capable of causing damage or loss of property and life. These hazards

consist of sudden phenomena and slow phenomena. They account for a dominant fraction of

natural hazards and occur in all portions of the world, although the frequency, intensity, and

vulnerability of certain hazards in some regions differ from those in others. Severe storms, strong

winds, floods, and droughts develop at different spatial-temporal scales, but all can become

disasters to cause fatalities and infrastructure damage and claim thousands of lives annually

worldwide. Multiple hazards often concur in one extreme weather event. In addition to causing

injuries, deaths, and material damage, a tropical storm can also result in flooding and mudslides,

which disrupt water purification and sewage disposal systems, cause overflow of toxic wastes, and

increase propagation of mosquito-borne diseases. The increase in the frequency of extreme events

due to acceleration of the global water cycle induces more risks to human settlements, especially

those on floodplains and areas susceptible to landslides, in an era of rapid population growth.

Monitoring and forecasting of the occurrence, intensity, and evolution of hydrometeorological

extreme events have been critical for many humanitarian and government agencies in their efforts

to prepare, mitigate, and manage responses to disaster to save lives and limit damage. Remote

sensing and modeling are two powerful technologies for providing timely information of

hazardous events. Both research areas advance rapidly to provide better understanding of causation
and geophysical process of these natural hazards, while each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

In addition to monitoring and short-range forecasting for rapid responses, long-range projections

of future changes in extremes and hazards allow for assessing risks and therefore provide a venue

to plan for adaptation and mitigation strategies. Ideally physical and social scientists would work

together to find means to integrate modeling and remote sensing approaches that are

complementary to each other for providing acc.

Rationale

The sole purpose of this study is to determine the Geologic hazards in sitio Mainantang of

Poblacion Claveria Misamis Oriental.

Objectives

1.Detemine the Geologic hazards of sitio Mainantang.

2.Determine the possible effects of Geologic hazards in sitio Mainantang.

3.Determine the reasons why there are Geologic hazards in sitio Mainantang.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following;

1. Future Researchers- they will have some references or ideas in the near future if they will be

going to take a research with the same topic.

2. Residence- they will be aware of the Geologic hazard in their community.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Prevention is better than cure. Basically, geologic hazards cannot be predicted. In 2000, the United

Nations launched the International Early Warning Programme to address the underlying causes of

vulnerability and to build disaster-resilient communities by promoting increased awareness of the

importance of disaster risk reduction as an integral component of sustainable development, with

the goal of reducing human, economic and environmental losses due to hazards of all kinds

(UN/ISDR, 2000).The 2006-2007 United Nations International Disaster Reduction Day theme was

“Disaster reduction education begins in school”. The Foundation of Public Safety Professionals

launched an international campaign with an international open essay or documentary competition.

Alexander D.E. (1991) reported that geographical and temporal patterns of disasters are first

described and then considered in terms of the underpinnings and causes of human vulnerability.

These include population increase, marginalization, the militarization of vulnerable societies, the

politicization of aid, the accumulation of capital goods, and the dual role of technology as a source

of both vulnerability and mitigation. Some of the bases of theory in hazards studies are reviewed

and considered in the light of the development gap in mitigation — the wide gulf between the

vulnerability of industrialized and least developed countries. The phenomenon of disaster is

considered theoretically in terms of its fundamental dimensions: time, space, magnitude and

intensity. Finally, the various disciplinary contributions to disaster studies are assessed and

compared. Reasons are given for practitioners’ reluctance to undertake interdisciplinary work.

Around the world more than 300 natural disasters occur each year, taking about 250,000 lives and

directly affecting more than 200 million people (IFRCRCS, 1993). Almost one in five natural

disasters is a flood. As more than one in ten are hurricanes and a further one in ten are other kinds
of storm, the combined frequency of severe weather hazards amounts almost to one quarter of all

impacts (IFRCRCS, 1993). Ratios of deaths to injuries vary widely with each source of disaster,

not least because injury is difficult to define, but among sudden-impact catastrophes the number

of reported injuries varies from 53.4 per cent of all casualties in earthquakes to less than one per

cent in -tsunamis and cold weather hazards (IFRCRCS, 1993). Some 49.2 per cent of deaths occur

in Africa and 43.7 per cent in Asia. The African total is dominated by starvation in major droughts,

while the Asian toll results from many different phenomena. In the present century four major

earthquakes have killed 600,000 people in China, in whose vast territories lethal floods or droughts

occur virtually every year. Elsewhere in the continent disasters are highly repetitive: for instance

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mudflows and typhoons cause an average of 10.9 disaster per year

in the Philippines, 8.6 in India, 6.3 in China, 5.6 in Indonesia, and 4.0 in Bangladesh (ADM, 1993).

About 84.7 per cent of the world total of surviving disaster victims are to be found in Asia. A

number of impacts are likely to result from the predicted trend towards global warming. This will

cause an expansion in the areas with mean sea-surface temperatures of 26°C or more, which are

the hurricane spawning grounds.