Sukhar Motorway Design

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT

(Volume 1 of 2)
K505+265 LONG BRIDGE
PESHAWAR-KARACHI MOTORWAY (PKM)

SUKKUR-MULTAN SECTION
OCT 2016
Super
Structure, ITS
Surve Sub Road
Section Main Geotechnical Underpass Traffic Pavement Hydraulic/ Environmenta &Road
Section y Structure Safety
Chainage Length Repor Investigation and Study Design Hydrologic l Management Side
No. Repor Design Audit
(km) t Report Culvert Report Report al Report Plan Report Facilitie
t Report Report
Design s
Report
1-1 K380+000~K383+000 3
1-2 K383+000~K387+000 4
Section 1-3 K387+000~K408+000 20.996

1
1-4 K408+000~K411+000 3
(54.99
6km) 1-5 K411+000~K423+000 12
1-6 K423+000~K428+000 5
1-7 K428+000~K435+000 7
2-1 K435+000~K438+000 3
2-2 K438+000~K448+000 10
Section 2-3 K448+000~K455+000 7

2
2-4 K455+000~K459+300 4.3
(56.15
1km) 2-5 K459+300~K478+000 18.7
2-6 K478+000~K488+000 10
2-7 K488+000~ K491+150.527 3.151
3-1 K490+981.670~K505+000 14.018
3-2 K505+000~K508+000 3 √
Section
3 3-3 K508+000~K520+000 12
(59.01
3-4 K520+000~K534+000 14
8km)
3-5 K534+000~K541+000 7
3-6 K541+000~K550+000 9
4-1 K550+000~K577+000 27
Section 4-2 K577+000~K584+000 7
4
(54km) 4-3 K584+000~K594+000 10
4-4 K594+000~K604+000 10
5-1 K604+000~K613+000 9
Section 5-2 K613+000~K619+000 6

5
5-3 K619+000~K640+000 21
(54.99
9km) 5-4 K640+000~K650+000 10
5-5 K650+000~K659+000 9
6-1 K659+000~K675+000 16
Section 6-2 K675+000~K688+600 13.6
6
(57km) 6-3 K688+600~K705+000 16.4
6-4 K705+000~K716+000 11
Section 7-1 K716+000~K745+000 29

7
7-2 K745+000~K755+000 10
(56.01
8km) 7-3 K755+000~K772+017.813 17.018
Project Manager
Design Chief
1 CONTENTS
1 Contents ........................................................................................................................ 1
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 3
3 Structural Design Criteria ............................................................................................... 4
3.1 design life of bridges ............................................................................................... 4
3.2 Codes Of Practices ................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Material Properties .................................................................................................. 4
3.4 Loads ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.4.1 Dead Weight (DC) ............................................................................................ 5
3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW) ................................................................. 5
3.4.3 Live Loads (LL) ................................................................................................. 5
3.4.4 Pedestrian Load (LL) ........................................................................................ 8
3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL) .............................................................................. 8
3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ) .......................................................................................... 8
3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR) ............................................................ 9
3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH) ............................................................................. 9
3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS) ........................................................................................ 9
3.5 Load Combination ................................................................................................. 11
3.6 Concrete Cover ..................................................................................................... 12
3.7 Pile Capacity ......................................................................................................... 12
3.8 Seismic Zone ........................................................................................................ 12
4 Structural System And Other Details............................................................................ 13
4.1 Configuration ......................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Expansion Joint ..................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Drainage ............................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Bearing pads ......................................................................................................... 14
4.5 Computer Modeling ............................................................................................... 14
4.5.1 Super Structure .............................................................................................. 14
4.5.2 Sub Structure ................................................................................................. 14
4.6 Design ................................................................................................................... 14
5 Bridge Typical long and cross sections ........................................................................ 15
6 Loading For Sub Structure ........................................................................................... 17
6.1 Breaking Force ...................................................................................................... 17
6.2 wind load ............................................................................................................... 18
6.3 Earth Pressure ...................................................................................................... 20
6.3.1 Lateral Earth Pressure(EH) ............................................................................ 20
1
6.3.2 Vertical Earth Pressure(EV) ............................................................................ 21
6.4 Surcharge Load (LS) ............................................................................................. 21
6.5 Seismic Analysis Calculaton .................................................................................. 22
6.6 Modulus Of Subgrade Reaction For Piles .............................................................. 24
6.7 Water Loads .......................................................................................................... 26
7 Design Of Pier Transom .............................................................................................. 43
8 Design Of Pier And Pier Piles ...................................................................................... 53
9 Design Of Back Wall .................................................................................................... 56
10 Design Of Wing Wall.................................................................................................... 62
11 Design Of Abutment Transom...................................................................................... 65
12 Minimum Support Length ............................................................................................. 77
13 Design Of Abutment Pile.............................................................................................. 78
14 Approach Slab Design ................................................................................................. 81
2
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project
3×30m Bridge over Canal
Location
K505+265
Principal Engineer
China State Consultants Engineering Corportation
Design Team
China State Consultants Engineering Corportation
3
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 DESIGN LIFE OF BRIDGES

The design life of bridges is 75 years conform to AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS
3.2 CODES OF PRACTICES

Following is the summary of the codes used in designing:
• WEST PAKISTAN HIGHWAY CODE OF PRACTICE, HIGHWAY BRIDGES (1967)

used for Live Loads analysis, Braking Forces and Deck Slab Design.
• AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, 6TH EDITION (2012) used for
all analysis, design and specifications of loads (including live loads, which ever
governs), load combinations. Local environmental parameters have been considered
in determining seismic, water, wind, temperature etc. as per AASHTO code
specifications.
• BUILDING CODE REQUIRMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-08)

used for design and detailing of reinforced concrete components where specifications
of AASHTO code are insufficient.
• PAKISTAN BUILDING CODE (2007) used for seismic zoning in addition to the
Seismic Risk Map of Pakistan developed by Geological Survey of Pakistan.
• ASTM standards used for material specifications and testing where AASHTO
specifications for material types and testing requirements are insufficient.
3.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

a) 28 Days Compressive Strength of Concrete (Cylindrical)
Piles,Pile Caps,Pier Shaft,Abutment Shaft 28 MPa (4000 Psi)

Abutment Walls, Wing walls, Counterfort, Pier Transom 24 MPa (3500 Psi)
Abutment Transom
b) Reinforcement
High yield deformed steel bars conforming to AASHTO M31 (ASTM A615) Grade 60 with
minimum yield strength of 413 MPa shall be used.
c) Unit Weights
Reinforced Concrete 24 KN/m3 (150 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1

Wearing Course 23 KN/m3 (140 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1
Fill Soil 19 KN/m3 (120 Pcf) Geotechnical Report
4
d) Modulus of Elasticity
Concrete 4800√f’c Mpa AASHTO LRFD C5.4.2.4-1

Rebar 200000 Mpa AASHTO LRFD 5.4.3.2
3.4 LOADS
3.4.1 Dead Weight (DC)
It is the self-weight of Reinforced Concrete Structure. Barriers and Median weights to be
calculated according to their actual size and dimensions.
3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW)

It is super imposed dead weight of Asphalt wearing course (70mm) thick.
3.4.3 Live Loads (LL)

Following live loads from two codes will be used which ever generate maximum stresses in c
omponents for design of pre-stressed girders and loads to be transferred on bearing pads.
A) West Pakistan Code of Practice, Highway Bridges 1967.
• Class A, Truck Loading, Section 2, Figure 4.
• Class AA, Military Loading, Section 4, Figure 5.
Whichever of them produce maximum stress in Deck Slab, pre-stressed girders and
bearing pads. Impact for Class A will be as specified in Section 2.9 and for multi
presence of Trucks, the load intensity may be reduced as per Section 2.7.
B) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 6th Edition (2012)

• Design Truck or design Tandem A3.6.1.2
• Design lane load A3.6.1.2
Specifications of design truck (A3.6.1.2.2)

and Specifications of design tandem
(A3.6.1.2.3) and Design Lane Load
(A3.6.1.2.4) are to be used. Number of
design lanes to be decided as per
(A3.6.1.1.1). Design Tandem or Design
Truck both cases coincident along with
Design Traffic Load whichever produces
maximum stresses in girder or load to be
transmitted to bearing pads.
5
6
7
The minimum clearance between the roadway face of
curb and the outer edge of the track shall be assumed
as follows:
Width of roadway 11’-6’’ to 13’-6’’ 1’-0’’
13’-6’’ to 18’-0’’ 2’-0’’
Above 18’-0’’ 4’-0’’
3.4.4 Pedestrian Load (LL)
Load of 75 psf will be applied on curb wider than 2 feet or 600 mm simultaneously along with
vehicular design load. If the side walk is to be removed in future than vehicle shall be placed
1 ft from the edge of the overhang. For the design of overhang and 2ft for design of all other
components. If vehicles can mount on side walk then side walk needs not to be considered
for pedestrian live load.
3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL)

Winds and wind loads will assigned as per AASHTO article 3.15 (Design speed of 100 mph)
Wind on live to be taken 100 plf acting normal to traffic 6 ft above the road way.
3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ)

For single span bridge, according to AASHTO 4.7.4.2, seismic analysis is not required
regardless of seismic zone.
However for multi span bridge, AASHTO 4.7.4.3 will be used. Site specific data will be used
to calculate Site Factors, Elastic Seismic Response Coefficients as per AASHTO 3.10
specifications of Earth Quake Loading.
Method of calculating earth quake will be decided as per AASHTO Table 4.7.4.3.1-1.
Wind on substructure to be taken as base pressure of 40 psf.
8
SM/UL, MM, TH methods are provided in AASHTO 4.7.4.3.
3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR)

They will be calculated based on which live loads produce maximum stresses.
From WPCPHB, Section 2.10, whichever produce maximum force.
• 30 percent of weight of vehicle Class A;
• 15 percent of weight of military vehicle Class AA.
The centre of gravity of this longitudinal force shall be assumed be located 6 ft above the
profile grade of the roadway slab.
From AASHTO 3.6.4, braking force shall be taken as the greater of :
• 25 percent of the axle weights of the design truck or design tandem or,
• 5 percent of the design truck plus lane load or five percent of the design tandem plus
lane load
And this braking force shall be placed in all design lanes which are comsidered to be loaded
in accordance with Article 3.6.1.1.1 and which are carrying traffic headed in the same
direction. These forces shall e assumed to act horizontally at a distance of 6.0 ft above the
roadway surface in either longitudinal direction to cause extreme force effects.
3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH)

Earth pressure will be calculated as per site specific data obtained from geo technical
investigation. The Soil Density is 19 KN/m3 for granular fill and angle of friction taken as 30°.
Vertical Earth pressure to be applied as super imposed load on any component filled with
soil directly above for example pile cap.
3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS)

Retaining walls and abutments are designed for surcharge load as specified in AASHTO
3.11.6.4
9
10
3.5 LOAD COMBINATION
Load combinations are based on minimum specified load factors as specified in AASHTO
3.4.
γEQ will be based on site specific data else it is permissible to take it 0.5 according AASHTO
C3.4.1.
All notations are present in AASHTO 3.3.
11
3.6 CONCRETE COVER
Minimum concrete cover (as per article 8.22.1 and 9.26.1 of AASHTO standard
specifications ) to the nearest reinforcement shall be as follows:
l Deck Slab :
Top 50 mm
Bottom 25 mm
l Pre-stressed Girders
Top (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm

Bottom (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm
Stirrups 25 mm
l Diaphragm 40 mm
l Barriers/ Mediam 30 mm
l Transom 40 mm
l Piers 50 mm
l Piles
Top 75 mm
l Abutment/Approach slab:
Top 50 mm
Bottom 25 mm
3.7 PILE CAPACITY Delete

The Safe Pile Capacity based on Geotechnical Report.
Assumed Pile Diameter 1.2 m
Assumed Length 30m
3.8 SEISMIC ZONE

As per Seismic Risk Map developed by Geological Survey of Pakistan and Pakistan Building
Code, the seismic zone of the bridge is Zone 2A located at Sukkur-Multan.
12
4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND OTHER DETAILS
4.1 CONFIGURATION
The super structure of bridge is composed of Cast in Place Deck Slab and pre-cast post
tensioned simply Supported I- Girders. The deck slab is cast in place RCC.
Thickness of deck slab 225 mm
RCC approach slab thickness of 350 mm, 6 m long provided at each end of deck slab.
The substructure consists of multiple pier bents, supported either of pile caps and piles.
Diameter of pier 1200 mm
Diameter of pier shaft 1200 mm
Depth of pier transom 1300 mm
Width of pier transom 2000 mm
Diameter of pile 1200 mm
Thickness of pile cap 1150 mm
Thickness of wing wall 400 mm
4.2 EXPANSION JOINT

Expansion Joint
The design thermal movement range, ΔT, shall depend
upon the extreme bridge design temperatures defined in
Article 3.12.2.1 or 3.12.2.2, and be determined
as:
(LRFD 2012, A
ΔT = α L (TMaxDesign -TMinDesign) 3.12.2.3)
(LRFD 2012, A
Max rise in temp T= 70 F 3.12.2.1)
Linear Thermal Coefficient (LRFD 2012, A

α= 0.000006 /ºF 5.4.2.2)
Deck Length L= 45 m DecK Length is

30M. Please Check
Total Elongation ΔT= 18.9 mm
Per expansion joint

ΔT/2= 9.45 mm
Provide expansion joint 25 mm OK
4.3 DRAINAGE
Cross slope of 2% is provided on both sides of deck to ensure draining. Drainage pipe of
100 mm dia is provided at intervals of 5m.
13
4.4 BEARING PADS
Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing Pads conforming to AASHTO 14.6.5 and 14.6.6 provided at
each of girders.
4.5 COMPUTER MODELING

Following computer programs are used in calculations and modeling.
• CSI BRIDGE 2014
• MS Excel
4.5.1 Super Structure

The super structure modeled as combination of plate and beam members. Using and CSi
Bridge. The moving load analysis is done to calculate Live Load reaction forces of bearing
pads and moments and forces in girders.
Deck Slab is modeled on CSI BRIDGE to calculate all forces required to design slab. Self-
weight is calculated automatically.
The Structure has been analyzed for all possible position of Class AA loading, and multiple
presence of Class A and also AASHTO Trucks and Tandem loadings coincident with Traffic
Lane Loading. Critical loadings are identified with the help of software.
Barrier is design with the help of excel sheet conforming to AASHTO 13.2.
4.5.2 Sub Structure

The sub structure is models as 3D space frames comprising of plate, beams and column
elements using CSI BRIDGE 2014. All loads transferred from super structure and additional
loads are applied on sub structure including Earth pressure, Earth Weight, Live Load
Surcharge and Wind Forces.
Piles are supported by lateral and vertical springs, values calculated as per geotechnical
data.
4.6 DESIGN
Deck Slabs, precast post tensioned girders and bearing pads using in-house developed
worksheets.
Sub Structures are designed with the help of 3D model on SAP2000 and with the help of in-
house developed worksheets.
14
5 BRIDGE TYPICAL LONG AND CROSS SECTIONS
15
PILE LENGTH MENTIONED HERE
ARE NOT MATCHING WITH AS
SHOWN IN DRAWINGS. PLEASE
CORRECT
Mirror all
dimensions about
horizontal axis.
Like as marked
16
Shear Key Shown
here are not
consistent with the
drawing
6 LOADING FOR SUB STRUCTURE
6.1 BREAKING FORCE

LONGITUDINAL FORCE(LIVE A/AA)
Span 30 m
Deck Slab Thickness 225 mm
C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm
Depth of Girder 2000 mm
Σ 4053.8 mm
13.3 ft
Total Truck train load on Abutment (one lane) 544 Kn
Number of Lanes 4
Longitudinal Force (30% of Class A load) 489.6 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC
Total Tank load on Abutment 700 Kn
Longitudinal Force (15% of Class AA load) 105 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC
Governing Longitudinal Force 244.8 Kn
992.4 Kn-m
No. of Girders 6
Load per Girder 41 Kn
Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 6 Kn
LONGITUDINAL FORCE(HL-93M/K)
Span 30 m
C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm
Σ 4053.8 mm
13.3 ft
Total Design Truck load on Abutment 1281 Kn
17
(25% of the axle weights ） 320 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
Total Design Tandem load on Abutment 890 Kn

(25% of the axle weights ） 222 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
5% Of The Design Truck Plus Lane Load 120 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
5% Of The Design Tandem Plus Lane Load 100 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
Governing Longitudinal Force 104 Kn
422.0 Kn-m
No. of Girders 6
Load per Girder 17 Kn
Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 2 Kn
6.2 WIND LOAD

Design Wind Pressure = PD= PB(VDZ2/25600) (A.3.8.1.2.1-1)
PB= base wind pressure
PB= 0.0024 MPa
PBTmax
0.0024 MPa (A.3.8.1.2.2)
=
PBLmax
0.0009 MPa
=
PBTmax
0.0008 MPa
=
VDZ=2.5V0(V10/VB)ln(Z/Z0)
(Table 3.8.1.1-1)（open
V0= 13.2 Km/hr
country）
Z0= 0.07 m
V10=VB= 160 Km/hr
m≥30
Z= 9.5
ft
VDZ= 162.0 Km/hr
0.00246
PDTmax=PBTVDZ2/25600= MPa (3.8.1.2.1-1)
2
51.4 psf
2 0.00092
PDLmax=PBLVDZ /25600= MPa
3
19.3 psf
2 0.00082
PDTmax=PBLVDZ /25600= MPa
1
17.1 psf
No. of Girders 6
Span of Girder 30 m
Height of Barrier above Deck 940 mm
18
Total Depth 3165 mm
10.4 ft
1.Maximum Transverse Load （no longitudinal load）
WS(transverse) 51.417 psf
533.903 per ft
w 7.945 KN/m
w x span 238.360 KN
Wx 3.165/2 377.205 KN-m
Load per
40 KN
Girder
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
d 6.625 3.975 1.325 -1.325 -3.975 -6.625
43.890 1.75562 1.75562 15.800
d2 15.8006 43.890625
6 5 5 6
122.89
Σd2
4
F 20 12 4 -4 -12 -20
Vertical loading due to Wind Moment
2.Minimum Transverse and Max. longitudinal Load
WS(Longitudinal) 19.3 psf
200.213 per ft
w 2.980 KN/m
w x span 89.385 KN
Load per
15 KN
Girder
1.Maximum Transverse Load （no longitudinal load）
WS(transverse) 17.139 psf
177.968 per ft
w 2.648 KN/m
w x span 79.453 KN
Wx 3.165/2 125.735 KN-m
Load per
13 KN
Girder
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
d 6.625 3.975 1.325 -1.325 -3.975 -6.625
43.890 1.75562 1.75562 15.800
d2 15.8006 43.890625
6 5 5 6
122.89
Σd2
4
F 7 4 1 -1 -4 -7
Wind Load on Live Load (3.8.1.3)
1. Maximum Transverse Lad (no longitudinal load)
WL (transverse)
applied
w 1.46 KN/m 1.8 m above deck
at
W 27.594 KN
e 4.965 m
m 137.0 KN-m/m
19
Load per
5 KN
Girder
122.89
Σd2
4
F 7 4 1 -1 -4 -7
2. Minimum Transverse and Max. longitudinal Load
WL (transverse)
w 0.50 KN/m
W 9.45 KN
e 4.97 m
m 46.92 KN-m/m
Load per
1.6 KN
Girder
122.89
Σd2
4
F 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3
WL (longitudinal)
w 0.55 KN/m
W 10.40 KN
e 4.97 m
m 51.61 KN-m/m
Load per
1.7 KN
Girder
Wind load acting on pier according to the force acting on the B abutment double
consider it.
6.3 EARTH PRESSURE

6.3.1 Lateral Earth Pressure(EH)
Lateral earth pressure shall be assumed to be linearly proportional to the depth of earth and
taken as:
P=Kγs·Z LRFD 2012-A 3.11.5.1-1
Where :
P = lateral earth pressure
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure taken as ko, specified in Article 3.11.5.2, for walls that
do not deflect or move, ka, specified in Articles 3.11.5.3, 3.11.5.6 and 3.11.5.7, for walls that
deflect or move sufficiently to reach minimum active conditions, or kp, specified in Article
3.11.5.4, for walls that deflect or move sufficiently to reach a passive condition
γs = unit weight of soil
Z = depth below the surface of earth

Calculation of Active Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient, ka=0.333
20
Delete Assumed
Word
Soil Density is assumed 19 KN/m3 for granular fill and angle of friction taken as 30°. The
lateral earth pressure is assumed as area pressure in the Csi Bridge model.
Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P(KN/m2) 6.327 12.654 18.981 25.308 31.635 37.962 44.289 50.616 56.943
6.3.2 Vertical Earth Pressure(EV)

Vertical Earth pressure to be applied as super imposed load on any component filled with
soil directly above for example pile cap.
EV = γs·Z = 19 x 9 = 172 kN/m2
6.4 SURCHARGE LOAD (LS)

The increase in horizontal pressure due to live load surcharge may be estimated as:
ΔP=Kγs·heq LRFD 2012-A 3.11.5.1-1
Where :
ΔP = constant horizontal earth pressure due to live load surcharge
γs = total unit weight of soil
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure

heq = equivalent height of soil for vehicular load
Abutment Height（m） Heq P(KN/m2)

1.5 1.2 7.6
3 0.9 5.7
≥6 0.6 3.8
Parallel to Traffic
Heq
Retaining Wall Height（m） P(KN/m2)
0 ≥0.3
1.5 1.5 0.6 3.8
3 1.05 0.6 3.8
≥6 0.6 0.6 3.8
Perpendicular to Traffic
21
6.5 SEISMIC ANALYSIS CALCULATON
22
23
6.6 MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION FOR PILES
Dia of Pile 1.2 m
d 4.5 m
ks=As+BsZn refer pg. 933 bowles
where
As=constant for either horizontal or vertical members
Bs=coefficient for depth variation
Z=depth of interest below ground
n=exponent to give ks the best fit
24
Spring Values scour at piers
Node Z Kxy Kz Kxy Kz
1 0 7350 9937 0 0
2 1 17619 17710 0 0
3 2 21272 21571 0 0
4 3 36085 27665 0 0
5 4 87439 35134 87439 25534
6 5 137726 41860 137726 32260
7 6.5 180233 47238 180233 37638
8 8 190395 56544 190395 46944
9 9.5 190513 58703 190513 49104
10 11 211513 69933 211513 60333
11 12.5 212938 77622 212938 68022
12 14 239043 89431 239043 79832
13 15.5 254694 96663 254694 87064
14 17 264921 106992 264921 97392
15 18.5 274740 114067 274740 104468
16 20 284196 121677 284196 112078
17 21.5 299716 132833 299716 123234
18 23 334287 140419 334287 130819
19 24.5 359281 150570 359281 140971
20 26 405492 159748 405492 150149
21 27.5 424874 168585 424874 158985
22 29 435062 176300 435062 166701
23 30.5 455028 184453 455028 174853
24 32 505046 193044 505046 183444
25 33.5 539861 202072 539861 192472
25
26 35 593184 211537 593184 201937
27 36.5 575440 221440 575440 211841
28 38 630714 231781 630714 222181
29 39.5 671995 242559 671995 232960
30 41 744706 253775 744706 244175
31 42.5 772272 265428 772272 255829
32 44 784567 277519 784567 267920
33 45.5 796660 290048 796660 280448
34 47 808562 303014 808562 293414
35 48.5 681639 316418 681639 306818
6.7 WATER LOADS

ANALYSIS IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
The lateral, uniformly distributed pressure on a substructure due to water flowing

at an angle, θ, to the longitudinal axis of the pier shall be taken as:
(A.3.7.3.2-1)
Where:
p=Lateral pressure(Mpa)
CL=lateral drag coefficient as specified in Table 3.7.3-2-1
V2=design velocity of water for the design flood in strength and service limit
states and for the check flood in the extreme event limit state (m/s）
26
The lateral drag force shall be taken as the product of the lateral stream
pressure and the surface exposed thereto.
PlateralL=p×Projected surface
Projected surface= 1.2 m
θ= 3.5 °
CL= 0.5
V= 0.6 m/s
p= 9.252E-05 Mpa
Plateral= 0.11 Kn/m

Px=SINθ*Platera= 0.007 Kn/m
Py=COSθ*Platera= 0.111 Kn/m
6.8 - Scour Depth Calculation
ADD CALCULATIONS FOR

SCOUR DEPTH HERE. SAMPLE
CALCULATIONS HAVE BEEN
SENT IN ATTACHED EXCEL
SHEET
27
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:22:40
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 15:21:49
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (Braking) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 15:22:39
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (BF-H) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:25:38
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind structure transverse) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Unit
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:25:55
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind structure longitudinal) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Un
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:26:05
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind live load Transverse) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Unit
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:26:16
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind live load longitudinal) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Uni
CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 15:25:29
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (Braking) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 15:25:42
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (BF-H) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:37:21
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind structure transverse) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Unit
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:37:45
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind structure longitudinal) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Un
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:38:12
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind live load Transverse) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Unit
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:38:23
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Joint Loads (wind live load longitudinal) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Uni
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:40:09
0.0 1.8 3.6 5.3 7.1 8.9 10.7 12.4 14.2 16.0 17.8 19.5 21.3 23.1
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (Earth horizontal) - KN, m, C Unit
CSiBridge 2014 9/16/16 8:40:42
0.00 0.41 0.82 1.22 1.63 2.04 2.45 2.85 3.26 3.67 4.08 4.48 4.89 5.30
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (live surcharge) - KN, m, C Units
7 DESIGN OF PIER TRANSOM
(1)Check Fof Moment
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 2000 mm
78.74 in
h= 1300 mm
51.18 in
I= 366166666667 mm4
879719 in4
Mcr = γ3[(γ1fr+γ2 fcpe)Sc-Mdnc{Sc/Snc-1}] LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 34376.7 in3
Snc = 34376.7 in3
Mcr = 16546 Kip-in
1869 KN-m
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 996 KN-m
Mcr = 1869 KN-m
1.33Mu = 1325 KN-m
Mmin =min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 1325 KN-m LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
b 2000 mm
h 1300 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 60 mm
Layer 1
d 1227.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 16
As 7854 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
a=Asfy/(0.85fc'b) 69 mm
Mn=Asfy(d-a/2) 3757 KN-m
43
Mr=ΦMn 3382 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
TOP REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 1361 KN-m
Mcr = 1869 KN-m
1.33Mu = 1810 KN-m
b 2000 mm
h 1300 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 60 mm
Layer 1
d 1227.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 16
As 7854 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 3382 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
(2)Check For Crack Width

Crack Width Calculation for +ve Moments
Service Load Moment 695 KN-m
Cover 60 mm
b 2000 mm
h 1300 mm
51.181 in
f'c 24.130 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60,000 Psi
Es 29,000,000 Psi
Effective Depth "dl" 1240 mm

48.819 in
(+ve) As Provided 25 mm Dia Bar
Nos 16
Spacing Provided 125 mm c/c
44
4.933 in c/c
dc = Cocrete Cover 60 mm
2.362 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 48.819 in
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)-2dc Ref : LRFD 5.7.3.4
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
γe= exposure factor,
= 1 for Class 1 exposure condition
= 0.75 for Class 2 exposure condition
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
fss Tensile Stress in steel reinforcement at the Service limit state.
h overall thickness or depth of component (in)
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of extreme
tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension Fibre
to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0691
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221618.7

Es 29,000,000 Psi
Ec = 57000(f'c)1/2 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Area of One bar 490.87 mm2
Total Area of All Bars As 7853.98 mm2
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 1240 mm
2
0.5*b*x = n*As*(d-x)
Where
b Width of Strip. = 2000 mm
n Modular Ratio
x Distance of Cracked Section from Extreme Compression Face.
As Area of steel of bars in 1m Strip.
d (Depth of Slab) - dc
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation b 67.54
-
c 83753.06
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of x1 257.59
45
"x"
x2 -325.14 mm
x 257.59 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr Moment of Inertia of Transformed Cracked Section.
Icr 76,582,045,933 mm4
M 695.0 KN-m/m
fss = n*M*(d-x)/Icr 0.077 KN / mm2
fss= 11.1 KSI
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)- 2dc
s< 39.4 in
s provided = 4.9 in Ok
Crack Width Calculation for -ve Moments

Cover 60 mm
b 2000 mm
h 1300 mm
51.18110236 in
f'c 24.13 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60000 Psi
Es 29000000 Psi

48.819 in
46
Nos 16
4.933 in c/c
2.362 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 48.819 in
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of
extreme tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension
Fibre to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0691
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221618.7

Es 29,000,000 Psi
Ec = 57000(f'c)1/2 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Total Area of All Bars As 7853.98 mm2
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 1240 mm
2
0.5*b*x = n*As*(d-x)
Where
n Modular Ratio
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation
b 67.54
47
-
c 83753.06
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of x1 257.59
"x"
x2 -325.14 mm
x 257.59 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr 76,582,045,933 mm4
M 1137.0 KN-m/m
fss= 18.2 KSI
s< 22.3 in
(3)Check for Shear

Shear Check (5.8.3.3)
Vu= 2721 Kn
The nominal Shear Resistance Vn is lesser of:
1. Vn= Vc+Vs+Vp Article 5.8.3.3-1
2. Vn=0.25f'c bv dv + Vp Article 5.8.3.3-2
where
Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv Article 5.8.3.3-3
Vs=Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα /s Article 5.8.3.3-4
bv= effective web width taken as the minimum web width within the depth dv
dv= effective shear depth as determined in Article 5.8.2.9
48
dv= de-a/2
de= effective depth from extreme compression fibre to centroid of t
ensile reinforcement
1228 mm
depth of compression stress block= a=
a= 69 mm
i)dv =de-a/2 = 1193 mm 1

ii) dv= 0.9de 2
1105 mm
iii) dv = 0.72h
936 mm 3
dv= largest of 1), 2) & 3
dv = 1193 mm

Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv
For non-prestressed member
β= 2 Article 5.8.3.4
θ 45 degree
Vc= 1945 Kn
φ= 0.9 Article 5.5.4.2

Vs= Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα/ s Dia 16 mm
α= 90 o
Av(6legs) 1206 sqmm
C-
5.8.3.3.1
Assume s= 150 mm
Vs= 2802 kn
Vn= 4747 Kn 1 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-1
14393 Kn 2 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-2
Vn is lesser of 1 & 2
Vn = 4747 Kn
φVn = 4273 > 2721 OK
(4)Minimum Required Transverse Reinforcement
Minimum Transverse reinforcement Area
Av > 0.083(f'c)0.5 bvs/fy Article 5.8.2.5-1
Av = 296 mm2 < 1206 mm2

OK
(5)Maximum Spacing for Transverse Reinforcement
Shear Stress vu = (Vu)/φbvdv
49
vu= 1.27 N/sqmm
Ratio of applied factored shear to concrete compressive strength
vu / f'c 0.053
The spacing shall not exceed the max. permitted spacing smax,
determined as Article 5.8.2.7
1. if vu<0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.8dv < 600mm
2. if vu>0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.4dv < 300mm
as vu/f'c = 0.053 < 0.125 condition 1 apply
smax= 954 and s< 600 mm
Prrovide s= 150 mm OK
TABLE: Element Forces - Frames
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType StepType P V2 V3 T M2 M3
Text m Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
1042 0 COMB2 Combination Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
1042 0.3364 COMB2 Combination Max 0 25.761 0 0 0 -3.1198
1042 0 COMB2 Combination Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
1042 0.3364 COMB2 Combination Min 0 18.548 0 0 0 -4.333
1043 0 COMB2 Combination Max 32.694 2663.266 121.755 444.7955 3.245 106.8273
1043 0.4592 COMB2 Combination Max 32.694 2698.432 121.755 444.7955 49.4396 -454.544
1043 0 COMB2 Combination Min -31.99 963.856 -106.167 -429.8295 -2.6295 -135.1875
1043 0.4592 COMB2 Combination Min -31.99 989.175 -106.167 -429.8295 -56.2048 -1316.6427
1044 0 COMB2 Combination Max 19.973 -269.205 23.329 267.556 49.4396 -254.4261
1044 0.57107 COMB2 Combination Max 19.973 -237.718 23.329 267.556 38.2807 -35.2716
1044 1.14214 COMB2 Combination Max 19.973 -206.23 23.329 267.556 27.1557 165.9014
1044 0 COMB2 Combination Min -6.37 -918.955 -25.819 -322.1149 -56.2048 -1322.2071
1044 0.57107 COMB2 Combination Min -6.37 -875.222 -25.819 -322.1149 -44.0294 -883.1575
1044 2.28428 COMB2 Combination Min -6.37 -744.025 -25.819 -322.1149 -9.6194 164.0301
1045 0.45786 COMB2 Combination Max 40.033 1940.252 97.504 439.5881 41.669 37.7146
1045 0 COMB2 Combination Min -20.599 808.801 -81.746 -481.2816 -9.7189 139.88
50
1053 0 COMB2 Combination Max 0 -37.096 0 0 0 -12.4791
1053 0.3364 COMB2 Combination Max 0 -18.548 0 0 0 -3.1198
1053 0.6728 COMB2 Combination Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
1053 0 COMB2 Combination Min 0 -51.523 0 0 0 -17.3321
1053 0.3364 COMB2 Combination Min 0 -25.761 0 0 0 -4.333
1053 0.6728 COMB2 Combination Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
Max 44.183 2698.432 121.755 457.1799 84.9435 996.1566
Min -38.286 -2720.785 -128.635 -528.5156 -105.9754 -1360.938

1042 0 COMB1 Combination Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
1042 0 COMB1 Combination Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
51
1053 0 COMB1 Combination Max 0 -41.218 0 0 0 -13.8657
1053 0.3364 COMB1 Combination Max 0 -20.609 0 0 0 -3.4664
1053 0.6728 COMB1 Combination Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
1053 0 COMB1 Combination Min 0 -41.218 0 0 0 -13.8657
1053 0.3364 COMB1 Combination Min 0 -20.609 0 0 0 -3.4664
1053 0.6728 COMB1 Combination Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
Max 52.201 1905.688 76.921 261.6718 52.0628 695.1697
Min -55.201 -1918.89 -81.452 -315.3619 -66.3319 -1136.6977
52
8 DESIGN OF PIER AND PIER PILES
Design Load
Design Load on pile at NSL level is295 tonns

Test Load is 295*2.0=590 tonns
Ultmate load is 390tonns
53
CSiBridge 2014 10/7/16 17:48:57
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Longitudinal Rebar (Percentage) (ACI 318-08/IBC2009) - KN, m, C Uni
As per image the maximum provided steel is2.46%
Area of pier =1130973mm2
Area needed=1130973*2.46%=27822mm2
Number of bars needed =27822/(Area of 32 Dia bar)
=27822/804
=36Bars
55
9 DESIGN OF BACK WALL
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1000 mm
39.37 in
h= 400 mm
15.75 in
I= 5333333333 mm4
12813 in4
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 1627.3 in3
Snc = 1627.3 in3
Mcr = 783 Kip-in
88 KN-m
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 86 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 114 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 57.3 mm
Layer 1
d 334.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 135 mm
As 1489 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 169 KN-m
56
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 151 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 201 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 57.3 mm
Layer 1
d 334.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 153 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
57
TABLE: Element Forces - Area Shells
Area ShellType Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType F11 F22 M11 M22
Text Text Text Text Text Text KN/m KN/m KN-m/m KN-m/m
3479 Shell-Thin 751 COMB2 Combination Max -16.42 -1.64 -44.3829 -0.9461
3479 Shell-Thin 1020 COMB2 Combination Max 63.01 14.8 -44.1016 -9.8148
3479 Shell-Thin 1069 COMB2 Combination Max 58.89 -4.84 -22.606 -2.747
3479 Shell-Thin 1070 COMB2 Combination Max -19.56 -17.65 -25.0351 0.3073
3479 Shell-Thin 751 COMB2 Combination Min -32.37 -6.19 -58.4936 -1.2319
3479 Shell-Thin 1020 COMB2 Combination Min 43.77 8.51 -58.0432 -13.4587
3479 Shell-Thin 1069 COMB2 Combination Min 40.84 -7.15 -30.773 -3.8494
3479 Shell-Thin 1070 COMB2 Combination Min -36.23 -25.26 -34.1507 0.2402
58
3489 Shell-Thin 1079 COMB2 Combination Max -5.04 109.52 -11.4653 -52.4273
3490 Shell-Thin 1008 COMB2 Combination Max -12.08 94.82 9.8039 -70.8198
3490 Shell-Thin 1007 COMB2 Combination Max -50.85 -115.08 1.2451 -74.4724
3492 Shell-Thin 1006 COMB2 Combination Max 40.24 5.57 28.3977 -69.7335
3493 Shell-Thin 1004 COMB2 Combination Min -28.48 8.95 -68.9549 -121.4475
3494 Shell-Thin 1084 COMB2 Combination Min -84.18 69 -16.9397 -90.7388
59
3496 Shell-Thin 1085 COMB2 Combination Max 40.8 -194 -14.9923 -74.5067
3503 Shell-Thin 995 COMB2 Combination Max 16.55 -200.95 19.4289 -100.3922
60
3507 Shell-Thin 991 COMB2 Combination Max 27.56 -22.2 12.859 -96.658
3509 Shell-Thin 988 COMB2 Combination Min -34.23 -35 -48.1013 -138.43
3510 Shell-Thin 1100 COMB2 Combination Min 9.24 67.36 4.4163 -101.1859
Max 447.69 456.03 32.2408 0.3073
Min -609.51 -633.18 -85.639 -151.072
61
10 DESIGN OF WING WALL
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1000 mm
39.37 in
h= 400 mm
15.75 in
I= 5333333333 mm4
12813 in4
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 1627.3 in3
Snc = 1627.3 in3
Mcr = 783 Kip-in
88 KN-m
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 60 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 80 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 51.3 mm
Layer 1
d 340.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
62
Mr=ΦMn 156 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 46 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 61 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 51.3 mm
Layer 1
d 340.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 156 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
TABLE: Element Forces - Area Shells

Area ShellType Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType F11 F22 M11 M22
Text Text Text Text Text Text KN/m KN/m KN-m/m KN-m/m
3427 Shell-Thin 1018 COMB2 Combination Max 86.65 2.59 -31.8539 1.1905
3427 Shell-Thin 1018 COMB2 Combination Min 59.46 -2.09 -41.9348 0.8666
3443 Shell-Thin 755 COMB2 Combination Max 333.49 -246.23 -17.4194 46.3226
3443 Shell-Thin 1017 COMB2 Combination Min 127.28 876.23 -39.1565 22.2003
3444 Shell-Thin 1040 COMB2 Combination Max 62.76 -93.57 -9.2252 20.7631
3444 Shell-Thin 1039 COMB2 Combination Max -46.76 401.64 -11.0709 8.9349
3444 Shell-Thin 1039 COMB2 Combination Min -77.93 207.88 -18.401 6.2202
3444 Shell-Thin 1017 COMB2 Combination Min 75 236.11 -44.3122 4.0898
63
3450 Shell-Thin 1053 COMB2 Combination Min 20 -1.88 -35.2717 -6.3167
Max 333.49 1381.15 -8.4657 46.3226
Min -228.5 -731.89 -59.532 -13.27
64
11 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT TRANSOM
(1)Check Fof Moment
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1750 mm
68.90 in
h= 1150 mm
45.28 in
I= 221794270833 mm4
532863 in4
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 23538.6 in3
Snc = 23538.6 in3
Mcr = 11330 Kip-in
1280 KN-m
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 545 KN-m
Mcr = 1280 KN-m
1.33Mu = 725 KN-m
Mmin
=min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 725 KN-m LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
b 1750 mm
h 1150 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 72 mm
Layer 1
d 1065.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 14
As 6872 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
65
Mr=ΦMn 2545 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
TOP REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 702 KN-m
Mcr = 1280 KN-m
1.33Mu = 934 KN-m
Mmin
=min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 934 KN-m LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
b 1750 mm
h 1150 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 72 mm
Layer 1
d 1065.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 14
As 6872 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 2545 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
(2)Check For Crack Width

Crack Width Calculation for +ve Moments
Cover 72 mm
b 1750 mm
h 1150 mm
45.276 in
f'c 24.130 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60,000 Psi
Es 29,000,000 Psi

42.441 in
Nos 14
66
4.862 in c/c
2.835 in
d = (Depth of Slab) -
dc 42.441 in
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of extreme
tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension Fibre
to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0954
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221618.705

Es 29,000,000 Psi
Ec = 57000(f'c)1/2 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Total Area of All Bars
As 6872.23 mm2
dc 1078 mm
0.5*b*x2 = n*As*(d-x)
Where
n Modular Ratio
a 1.00
For Quadratic
Equation b 67.54
c -
67
72811.13
(+ve) and (-ve) Values x1 238.17
of "x"
x2 -305.71 mm
x 238.17 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr 49,564,980,780 mm4
M 384.0 KN-m/m
fss= 8.1 KSI
s< 53.4 in
Crack Width Calculation for -ve Moments

Cover 72 mm
b 1750 mm
h 1150 mm
45.28 in
f'c 24.13 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60000 Psi
Es 29000000 Psi
68
42.441 in
Nos 14
4.862 in c/c
2.835 in
dc 42.441 in
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of
extreme tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension
Fibre to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0954
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221618.705

Es 29,000,000 Psi
1/2
Ec = 57000(f'c) 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Total Area of All Bars
As 6872.23 mm2
dc 1078 mm
2
0.5*b*x = n*As*(d-x)
Where
n Modular Ratio
69
a 1.00
For Quadratic b 67.54
Equation -
c 72811.13
(+ve) and (-ve) Values x1 238.17
of "x"
x2 -305.71 mm
x 238.17 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr 49,564,980,780 mm4
M 531.0 KN-m/m
fss= 11.2 KSI
s< 37.0 in
(3)Check for Shear

Shear Check (5.8.3.3)
Vu= 1763 Kn
The nominal Shear Resistance Vn is lesser of:
where
Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv Article 5.8.3.3-3
Vs=Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα /s Article 5.8.3.3-4
70
bv= effective web width taken as the minimum web width within the depth dv
dv= effective shear depth as determined in Article 5.8.2.9
dv= de-a/2
de= effective depth from extreme compression fibre to centroid of t
ensile reinforcement
1066 mm
depth of compression stress block= a=
a= 69 mm
i)dv =de-a/2 = 1031 mm 1

ii) dv= 0.9de 2
959 mm
iii) dv = 0.72h
828 mm 3
dv= largest of 1), 2) & 3
dv = 1031 mm

Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv
For non-prestressed member
Article
β= 2 5.8.3.4
θ 45 degree
Vc= 1471 Kn
Article
φ= 0.9 5.5.4.2
Vs= Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα/ s Dia 16 mm
α= 90 o
Av(6legs) 1206 sqmm
C-5.8.3.3.1
Assume s= 150 mm
Vs= 2421 kn
Vn= 3892 Kn 1 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-1
10883 Kn 2 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-2
Vn is lesser of 1 & 2
Vn = 3892 Kn
φVn = 3503 > 1763 OK
(4)Minimum Required Transverse Reinforcement
Minimum Transverse reinforcement Area
Av > 0.083(f'c)0.5 bvs/fy Article 5.8.2.5-1
71
Av = 259 mm2 < 1206 mm2
OK
(5)Maximum Spacing for Transverse Reinforcement
Shear Stress vu = (Vu)/φbvdv
vu= 1.09 N/sqmm
Ratio of applied factored shear to concrete compressive strength
vu / f'c 0.045
The spacing shall not exceed the max. permitted spacing smax,
determined as Article 5.8.2.7
1. if vu<0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.8dv < 600mm
2. if vu>0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.4dv < 300mm
as vu/f'c = 0.045 < 0.125 condition 1 apply
smax= 825 and s< 600 mm
Provide s= 150 mm OK
1019 0.64065 COMB2 Combination Max 6.993 101.597 56.059 64.0873 -5.0377 -8.6421
1019 0 COMB2 Combination Min -14.181 -14.026 32.485 -20.4522 0.5327 -10.9153
1019 0.32032 COMB2 Combination Min -14.181 -3.48 32.485 -20.4522 -10.8212 -16.6449
1019 0.64065 COMB2 Combination Min -14.181 7.066 32.485 -20.4522 -25.6513 -40.3215
1020 0 COMB2 Combination Min -8.641 31.725 79.565 -49.8504 -34.1949 -15.4908
1021 0 COMB2 Combination Max 45.868 1750.805 202.435 101.7747 -45.3276 -20.8677
1022 0 COMB2 Combination Max 34.28 -162.126 -51.943 -61.4336 -42.972 -107.3775
1022 0.30893 COMB2 Combination Max 34.28 -151.955 -51.943 -61.4336 -26.7013 -58.8624
1023 0 COMB2 Combination Max 32.112 -101.874 -20.788 -73.9156 7.0481 -12.9891
1023 0.30893 COMB2 Combination Max 32.112 -91.703 -20.788 -73.9156 13.583 27.6628
1024 0 COMB2 Combination Max 28.437 -60.986 15.739 -56.0613 45.4936 61.3296
1024 0.30893 COMB2 Combination Max 28.437 -50.815 15.739 -56.0613 48.8407 132.1636
1025 0 COMB2 Combination Min -58.619 -306.683 7.161 -153.3161 -4.3888 59.3226
1025 0.30893 COMB2 Combination Min -58.619 -292.556 7.161 -153.3161 -16.9696 70.7763
72
1027 0.47871 COMB2 Combination Max 75.095 -232.81 -27.497 -112.4205 41.5423 -78.288
1028 0 COMB2 Combination Min -61.046 -568.866 -37.776 -252.1887 4.2005 -63.6223
1028 0.47871 COMB2 Combination Min -61.046 -546.975 -37.776 -252.1887 2.6149 71.4367
1029 0 COMB2 Combination Min -62.943 293.813 12.312 -106.2484 -14.1882 167.1832
1032 0 COMB2 Combination Min -88.637 123.307 -12.475 -132.4944 15.2165 161.7194
1032 0.48544 COMB2 Combination Min -88.637 139.289 -12.475 -132.4944 17.0977 63.2224
1032 0.97087 COMB2 Combination Min -88.637 155.271 -12.475 -132.4944 9.0029 -75.3501
1033 0 COMB2 Combination Min -45.425 222.609 51.691 -129.1056 4.0396 -32.6791
1034 0 COMB2 Combination Max 27.726 -446.623 14.806 -101.9224 26.3449 -194.038
1035 0 COMB2 Combination Max 10.811 254.525 -1.414 -16.5435 58.9739 379.204
1035 0.31229 COMB2 Combination Max 10.811 268.805 -1.414 -16.5435 67.7171 299.8218
1035 0.62458 COMB2 Combination Max 10.811 283.085 -1.414 -16.5435 78.388 226.291
1035 0 COMB2 Combination Min -83.917 -15.479 -58.704 -151.03 1.1352 95.9614
73
1037 0 COMB2 Combination Min -40.563 66.525 35.655 -88.4238 11.2485 23.3686
1039 0.24517 COMB2 Combination Max 23.621 -438.824 -2.476 -36.2005 -30.4121 42.7088
1040 0 COMB2 Combination Max -3.514 6.038 -58.37 -42.8039 -25.0657 28.9904
1040 0.32032 COMB2 Combination Max -3.514 16.584 -58.37 -42.8039 -3.0437 25.7414
1040 0.64065 COMB2 Combination Max -3.514 27.131 -58.37 -42.8039 18.9783 19.1142
1041 0 COMB2 Combination Max -1.903 14.665 -5.935 -22.992 11.3424 19.3592
1041 0.32032 COMB2 Combination Min -22.016 -30.859 -17.33 -79.2625 1.2095 -8.1585
Max 75.095 1763.246 202.435 101.7747 140.2138 544.9077
Min -88.637 -1617.55 -189.86 -317.269 -155.719 -701.831

1019 0 COMB1 Combination Min -7.876 -2.292 31.557 -19.6918 1.0953 -6.8173
74
1025 0 COMB1 Combination Min -41.506 -225.01 11.987 -107.6309 7.852 70.2295
1026 0 COMB1 Combination Max 37.089 846.962 98.152 -9.0536 44 257.0161
1026 0.41431 COMB1 Combination Max 37.089 862.118 98.152 -9.0536 7.7961 -47.4313
1026 0.82863 COMB1 Combination Max 37.089 877.275 98.152 -9.0536 -4.2566 -286.8849
1026 0 COMB1 Combination Min -33.751 525.623 7.128 -66.8485 -32.5825 98.091
1029 0 COMB1 Combination Max 37.302 580.429 86.975 -1.7862 92.7227 355.4233
1029 0.46173 COMB1 Combination Max 37.302 597.32 86.975 -1.7862 55.1577 136.822
1029 0.46173 COMB1 Combination Max 37.302 597.32 86.975 -1.7862 55.1577 136.822
1033 0 COMB1 Combination Min -31.713 253.675 51.625 -89.4473 11.0628 -27.4621
75
1036 0 COMB1 Combination Max -6.044 211.763 31.489 18.1603 54.5247 150.1448
1036 0.31229 COMB1 Combination Max -6.044 223.187 31.489 18.1603 48.0943 114.1445
1037 0 COMB1 Combination Max -1.299 287.592 68.151 21.8913 41.728 79.1646
1039 0.24517 COMB1 Combination Max 17.864 -600.499 -18.677 -37.2433 -24.9995 29.548
1040 0 COMB1 Combination Max -7.421 -11.424 -51.444 -39.4139 -22.5286 14.3245
1040 0.32032 COMB1 Combination Max -7.421 0.294 -51.444 -39.4139 -3.8617 16.1088
Max 39.444 1225.099 121.618 42.574 92.7227 384.049
Min -63.218 -1115.88 -121.07 -214.799 -102.296 -530.666
76
12 MINIMUM SUPPORT LENGTH
Minimum Support Length(abutment)
Length of the bridge deck to the adjacent expansion joint(ft) L= 30 m

98.42 ft
H=for abutments, average height of columns

supporting the bridge deck from the abutment
to the next expansion joint(ft)
for columns and/or piers, column, or pier height(ft)
for hinges within a span, average height of the
adjacent two columns or piers(ft)
for single-span bridges(H=0)
H= 7.3 m
23.95 ft
Skew of support measured from line normal to span (°) S= 15 degree
The empirical support length shall be taken as:
N=(8+0.02L+0.08H)(1+0.000125S^2) 0.31 m (LRFD 2012, A 4.7.4.4)
The greater of the maximum displacement calculated in 0.14 m

accordance with the provisions of Article 4.7.4.3
The max support length 0.31 m
Provide support length 1.36 m OK
Minimum Support Length(pier)
length of the bridge deck to the adjacent L= 30 m

expansion joint 98.42 ft
average height of columns H= 7.3 m

supporting the bridge deck from the abutment 23.95 ft
to the next expansion joint
skew of support measured from line normal to S= 15 degree

span (°)
The empirical support length shall be taken as:
N=(8+0.02L+0.08H)(1+0.000125S^2) 0.31 m (LRFD 2012, A 4.7.4.4)
the greater of the maximum displacement calculated in 0.14 m

accordance with the provisions of Article 4.7.4.3
The max support length 0.31 m
Provide support length 0.81 m OK
77
13 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT PILE
Design Load
Design Load on pile at NSL level is 180tonns

Test Load is 180*2.0=360 tonns
Ultmate load is 250 tonns
78
CSiBridge 2014 10/7/16 17:52:00
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:k505+265 3-30m 15d - Longitudinal Rebar (Percentage) (ACI 318-08/IBC2009) - KN, m, C Uni
As per image the maximum provided steel is 1.60%
Area of pier =1130973mm2
Area needed=1130973*1.60%=18096mm2
Number of bars needed =18096/(Area of 32 Dia bar)
=18096/804
=24 Bars
80
14 APPROACH SLAB DESIGN
Approach Slab Design
Geometry
Grids of Approach slab, as per construction joint in the slab:
Total width of the approach slab is 6m. The approach slab is modelled at 0 skew. Steel will
be adjusted accordingly for skew greater than 15 degrees.
Following is the grid of approach slab.
81
Live Load and design lanes
Three types of live loads are defined.
1) Class A
2) Class AA
3) HL93K and HL93M
Total design lanes are 4 with width of 4.08 m each.
Each color displays one lane.
Soil Springs
The soil compression springs are applied with value of 575 psi.
The lanes are shown as following:
Load combinations are taken from AASHTO as mentioned in design criteria. St 1 and St 3 are used.
Impact factors
1) Class AA……. 10 percent

2) Class A……… 8 percent
3) HL 93………. 33 percent
Construction Joint
The slab is 300 mm thick and modelled as thick shell. Divided at grid with edge constraints so that
construction joint can be taken into account.
Analysis Results
1. Shell Forces
For Combination Envelope
Max Moment in long Direction = 9.42 kft
Max Moment in transverse Direction = 15.2 kft
2. Allowable Settlement
Contour of settlement is set to be minimum -25 mm with value in purple. Blue shows all settlement
is less than 25 mm.
Design
Design Moments
9.42 long, 15.2 trans

Rebar
Effective depth of slab = 300 – 50 – 16*1.5 (assumed dia 16 bars in both directions)
d = 225 mm = 9 in
Mu long = 9.42 kip-ft
As = 9.42/3.84/9 = .27 in2/ft ------------- Dia 13 @ 175 mmc/c

Mu trans = 15.2 kip-ft
As = 15.2/3.84/9 = .44 in2/ft ------------- Dia 16 @ 150 mmc/c

Minimum Steel
= .002 * 12 * 12 = .29 in2/ft ------------ Dia 13 @ 200 mm c/c

Punching Shear Check
Concrete Strength = 3000 psi
bo = 42.708 in bo = 4*SQRT(Ac) (assumed shear perimeter)
fv actual = 11.48 psi fv(actual) = P/(t*(bo+4*t))
fv allowed = 133.1 psi Fv(allow) = 0.27*MR, MR = modulus of rapture.
Punching Shear check is okay.

Sukhar Motorway Design

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NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY

SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT

PESHAWAR-KARACHI MOTORWAY (PKM)

Section 1-3 K387+000~K408+000 20.996

Section 2-3 K448+000~K455+000 7

2-7 K488+000~ K491+150.527 3.151

3-1 K490+981.670~K505+000 14.018

Section 5-2 K613+000~K619+000 6

Section 7-1 K716+000~K745+000 29

3×30m Bridge over Canal

China State Consultants Engineering Corportation

China State Consultants Engineering Corportation

3.1 DESIGN LIFE OF BRIDGES

3.2 CODES OF PRACTICES

• WEST PAKISTAN HIGHWAY CODE OF PRACTICE, HIGHWAY BRIDGES (1967)

• BUILDING CODE REQUIRMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-08)

3.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Piles,Pile Caps,Pier Shaft,Abutment Shaft 28 MPa (4000 Psi)

Reinforced Concrete 24 KN/m3 (150 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1

Concrete 4800√f’c Mpa AASHTO LRFD C5.4.2.4-1

3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW)

3.4.3 Live Loads (LL)

B) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 6th Edition (2012)

Specifications of design truck (A3.6.1.2.2)

3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL)

3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ)

Wind on substructure to be taken as base pressure of 40 psf.

3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR)

From WPCPHB, Section 2.10, whichever produce maximum force.

• 30 percent of weight of vehicle Class A;

• 15 percent of weight of military vehicle Class AA.

From AASHTO 3.6.4, braking force shall be taken as the greater of :

3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH)

3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS)

Top (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm

3.7 PILE CAPACITY Delete

3.8 SEISMIC ZONE

Thickness of deck slab 225 mm

Diameter of pier 1200 mm

Diameter of pier shaft 1200 mm

Depth of pier transom 1300 mm

Width of pier transom 2000 mm

Diameter of pile 1200 mm

Thickness of pile cap 1150 mm

Thickness of wing wall 400 mm

4.2 EXPANSION JOINT

Linear Thermal Coefficient (LRFD 2012, A

Deck Length L= 45 m DecK Length is

Per expansion joint

Provide expansion joint 25 mm OK

4.5 COMPUTER MODELING

• CSI BRIDGE 2014

4.5.1 Super Structure

4.5.2 Sub Structure

6.1 BREAKING FORCE

Deck Slab Thickness 225 mm

C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm

Depth of Girder 2000 mm

Total Truck train load on Abutment (one lane) 544 Kn

Longitudinal Force (30% of Class A load) 489.6 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC

Total Tank load on Abutment 700 Kn

Longitudinal Force (15% of Class AA load) 105 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC

Governing Longitudinal Force 244.8 Kn

Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 6 Kn