Force Vectors

ES 101 LECTURE 3

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Force (Vector) Representation 36

1. Magnitude and unit vector

< 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 , 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 >
𝐹റ = 𝐹𝜆𝐹 = 𝐹
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2
2. Magnitude and reference angle
𝐹റ = 𝐹 𝜃
3. Rectangular components
𝐹റ = 𝐹𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐹𝑦 𝑗Ƹ
4. Magnitude and slope of LOA
b
റ
𝐹=𝐹 a
Force Representation in Space 37

1. Rectangular Components:
𝐹റ = 𝐹𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐹𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐹𝑧 𝑘෠
❑Magnitude:
2 2 2 2
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦 + 𝐹𝑧
Direction Cosines 38

𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑥 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑦 𝐹𝑧 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑧

Force Representation in Space 39

2. Direction cosines:
𝐹റ = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑧 𝑘෠
𝐹റ = F < cos 𝜃𝑥 , cos 𝜃𝑦 , cos 𝜃𝑧 >
2 2 2 2
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦 + 𝐹𝑧
2 2 2 2
𝐹 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑥 + 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑦 + 𝐹 cos 𝜃𝑧

2 2 2
1 = cos 𝜃𝑥 + cos 𝜃𝑦 + cos 𝜃𝑧
➢ Identity property of direction cosines
Force Representation in Space 40

3. Unit vector:
< 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 , 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 >
𝐹റ = 𝐹𝜆𝐹 = 𝐹
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 + 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 2
< 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑑𝑦 , 𝑑 𝑧 >
=𝐹
𝑑
Force Representation in Space 41

1. Rectangular Components:
𝐹റ =< 𝐹𝑥 , 𝐹𝑦 , 𝐹𝑧 >
2. Direction cosines:
𝐹റ = F < cos 𝜃𝑥 , cos 𝜃𝑦 , cos 𝜃𝑧 >
3. Unit vector:
< 𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑦 , 𝑑𝑧 >
𝐹റ = 𝐹𝜆𝐹 = 𝐹
𝑑
Resultant of Forces in Space 42

𝑅 = ෍ 𝐹റ = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 + ⋯
Example # 1.5 43

If F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°,

determine the magnitude
and coordinate direction
angles of the resultant force
acting on the ball-and-
socket joint.
 Example # 1.5 44
𝐹1 = 10 < − cos 60 sin 30 , cos 60 cos 30 , − sin 60 >
𝐹1 =< −2.5, 2.5 3, −5 3 >

3 4
𝐹2 = 8 < − , 0, >
5 5 A
𝐹2 =< −4.8,0,6.4 >

3
Coordinates of A: −3, tan 45 , 2 = (−3,3,2)
< 3, −3, −2 > < 3, −3, −2 >
𝐹3 = 9 =9
2 2
3 +3 +2 2 22
< 27, −27, −18 >
𝐹3 =
22 F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°
 Example # 1.5 45

𝐹1 =< −2.5, 2.5 3, −5 3 >

𝐹2 =< −4.8,0,6.4 >
< 27, −27, −18 >
𝐹3 =
22
A
Resultant Force R:
σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
27
−2.5 − 4.8 + = 𝑅𝑥
22
𝑅𝑥 = −1.54 𝑘𝑁
F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°
 Example # 1.5 46

𝐹1 =< −2.5, 2.5 3, −5 3 >

𝐹2 =< −4.8,0,6.4 >
< 27, −27, −18 >
𝐹3 =
22
A
Resultant Force R:
σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
27
2.5 3 + 0 − = 𝑅𝑦
22
𝑅𝑦 = −1.43 𝑘𝑁
F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°
 Example # 1.5 47

𝐹1 =< −2.5, 2.5 3, −5 3 >

𝐹2 =< −4.8,0,6.4 >
< 27, −27, −18 >
𝐹3 =
22
A
Resultant Force R:
σ 𝐹𝑧 = 0
18
−5 3 + 6.4 − = 𝑅𝑧
22
𝑅𝑧 = −6.10 𝑘𝑁
F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°
Example # 1.5 48
𝑅𝑥 = −1.54 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑦 = −1.43 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑧 = −6.10 𝑘𝑁
A
𝑅= 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2 + 𝑅𝑧 2 = 6.45 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑥
𝜃𝑥 = cos −1 = 103.85°
𝑅
−1
𝑅𝑦
𝜃𝑦 = cos = 102.78°
𝑅
𝑅𝑧
𝜃𝑧 = cos −1 = 160.98° F3 = 9kN and θ = 45°
𝑅
Example # 1.6 49

Two forces F = 500 N and F1

= 600 N act on a bracket as
shown. If the resultant force
of these 2 forces is directed
along the positive y axis,
determine
a) the direction cosines of F
so that β < 90°
b) the magnitude of the
resultant force
 Example # 1.6 50

𝐹 = 500 < cos 𝛼 , cos 𝛽 , cos 𝛾 >

𝐹1 = 600 < cos 30 sin 30 , cos 30 cos 30 , − sin 30 >

𝐹1 =< 150 3, 450 , −300 >

𝑅 =< 0, 𝑅𝑦 , 0 >
σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
500 cos 𝛼 + 150 3 = 0
cos 𝛼 = −0.52
 Example # 1.6 51

𝐹 = 500 < cos 𝛼 , cos 𝛽 , cos 𝛾 >

𝐹1 =< 150 3, 450 , −300 >

𝑅 =< 0, 𝑅𝑦 , 0 >
σ 𝐹𝑧 = 0
500 cos 𝛾 − 300 = 0
cos 𝛾 = 0.60
 Example # 1.6 52
𝐹 = 500 < cos 𝛼 , cos 𝛽 , cos 𝛾 >
𝐹1 =< 150 3, 450 , −300 >
𝑅 =< 0, 𝑅𝑦 , 0 >
Identity property of direction cosines:
cos 𝛼 2 + cos 𝛽 2 + cos 𝛾 2 = 1
cos 𝛽 = ±0.61
cos 𝛽 = +0.61 ⟺ 𝛽 = 52.54° < 90°

σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
500 cos 𝛽 + 450 = 𝑅𝑦
𝑅𝑦 = 754.14 𝑁
 Force Vectors
ES 11 LECTURE 1

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