Assumptions in this paper – unless if stated Aannames in hierdie vraestel – tensy anders

otherwise in the specific question: vermeld in ‘n spesifieke vraag:

Gravitational acceleration Gravitasieversnelling

Assume 𝑔 = 9.81 m/s 2 Aanvaar 𝑔 = 9.81 m/s2

Negligible masses Weglaatbare massas

The mass of springs, ropes, cables, cords, Die massas van vere, toue, kabels, koorde,
pulleys, and wheels may be regarded as katrolle en wiele mag as weglaatbaar aanvaar
negligible. word.

Negligible friction Weglaatbare wrywing

Assume that friction between two surfaces is Neem aan dat die wrywing as weglaatbaar
negligible – unless if there is specifically beskou mag word – tensy daar spesifiek na
referred to friction (e.g. specified friction wrywing in die probleemstelling verwys word
coefficients) in a problem statement. (bv. gegewe wrywingskoëffisiënte).

If an axes system is given, you MUST use Indien ‘n assestelsel gegee word, MOET u
that axes system. daardie assestelsel gebruik.

If a solving method is prescribed, you MUST Indien ‘n oplosmetode voorgeskryf word,

use that method. MOET u daardie oplosmetode gebruik.
Useful Information Nuttige Gegewens
(You may tear off this page) (U mag hierdie bladsy afskeur)

Constant acceleration equations Konstante versnellingsvergelykings

1 1
𝑠 = 𝑠0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 2 𝑠 = 𝑠0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 2
2 2
𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡
𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑠 − 𝑠0 ) 𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑠 − 𝑠0 )

Normal and tangential coordinates Normaal- en tangente koördinate

𝐯 = 𝑣𝐮𝑡 𝐯 = 𝑣𝐮𝑡
𝑣2 𝑣2
𝐚 = 𝑣̇ 𝐮𝑡 + 𝐮𝑛 𝐚 = 𝑣̇ 𝐮𝑡 + 𝐮𝑛
𝜌 𝜌

Cylindrical coordinates Silindriese koördinate

𝐫 = 𝑟𝐮𝑟 + 𝑧𝐮𝑧 𝐫 = 𝑟𝐮𝑟 + 𝑧𝐮𝑧
𝐯 = 𝑟̇ 𝐮𝑟 + 𝑟𝜃̇𝐮𝜃 + 𝑧̇ 𝐮𝑧 𝐯 = 𝑟̇ 𝐮𝑟 + 𝑟𝜃̇𝐮𝜃 + 𝑧̇ 𝐮𝑧
𝐚 = (𝑟̈ − 𝑟𝜃̇ 2 )𝐮𝑟 + (𝑟𝜃̈ + 2𝑟̇ 𝜃̇)𝐮𝜃 + 𝑧̈ 𝐮𝑧 𝐚 = (𝑟̈ − 𝑟𝜃̇ 2 )𝐮𝑟 + (𝑟𝜃̈ + 2𝑟̇ 𝜃̇)𝐮𝜃 + 𝑧̈ 𝐮𝑧

Curves and angles Krommes en hoeke

Radius of curvature of a specified function: Radius van die kromme vir ‘n gegewe funksie:
3 3
𝑑𝑦 2 2 𝑑𝑦 2 2
(1 + ( ) ) (1 + ( ) )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜌= 𝜌=
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
| 2| | 2|
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Angle between radial direction and the tangent Hoek tussen radiale rigting en die raaklyn aan
of the curve: die kromme:
𝑟 𝑟
tan 𝜓 = tan 𝜓 =
𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝜃

Restitution coefficient Koëffisiënt van restitusie

(𝑣𝐵 )2 − (𝑣𝐴 )2 (𝑣𝐵 )2 − (𝑣𝐴 )2
𝑒= 𝑒=
(𝑣𝐴 )1 − (𝑣𝐵 )1 (𝑣𝐴 )1 − (𝑣𝐵 )1