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Chapter 9
Binomial Theorem
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
5
1
1. Expand x + by using binomial theorem.
x
5 2 3 4 5
Sol. x + 1 = 5 C0 x 5 + 5 C1 x 4 1 + 5 C2 ( x )3 1 + 5 C3 x 2 1 + 5 C4 x 1 + 5 C5 1
x x x x x x
5 3 10 5 1
= x + 5 x + 10 x + + 3+ 5
x x x
5
1 5 3 10 5 1
∴ x + x = x + 5 x + 10 x + x + 3 + 5
x x
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Binomial Theorem 77
5. Write the general term in the expansion of (a2 – b)7.
= (–1)r.7Cr(a)14 – 2r.br
6. If 15th term and 16th term in the expansion of (1 + x)30 are equal, then find the value of x.
Tr + 1 = 30C xr
r
⇒ 30C x14
14 = 30C x15
15
30 30
⇒ = x
14 16 15 15
15 15
⇒ x=
14 16
15 14 15
=
14. 16 15
15
=
16
15
∴ x=
16
12
1
Find the middle term in the expansion of x −
x
7. .
2
th
12
Sol. Here n = 12 which is even, therefore, + 1 i.e., 7th term will be middle term.
2
12
1
In the expansion of x − , 7th term is given by
2 x
6
1 12 ( −1)6
T7 =12 C6 x12−6 − = C6 x 6
2x (2 x )6
12 1 12 1 231
= C6 × = × =
64 6 6 64 16
231
Hence, the middle term = .
16
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78 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
4
3x 3
9. By using binomial theorem, expand − .
2 2x
4 4 3 1 2 2 1 3 4
3 x 3 4 3 x 4 3 x −3 4 3 x −3 4 3 x −3 4 −3
2 − 2 x = C0 2 + C1 2 2x + C2 2 2x + C3 2 2 x + C4 2x
4
3x 3 81x 4 81x 2 243 81 81
Hence, − = − + − 2+ 4
2 2x 16 4 8 4x 4x
1
= 1 + 1000000 × + more positive terms
100
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Binomial Theorem 79
= 25 {Some positive integer for n ≥ 2}.
⇒ 6n – 5n – 1 is a multiple of 25.
When n = 1, 6n – 5n – 1 = 0, which is divisible by 25
Hence, 6n – 5n – 1 is always divisible by 25 for any nature number n.
12. Find the term involving a2b5 in the expansion of (a – 2b)4 (a + b)3.
Sol. (a – 2b)4 (a + b)3 = {a + (–2b)}4 (a + b)3
= {4C0a4 + 4C1a3 (–2b) + 4C2a2 (–2b)2 + 4C3a(–2b)3 + 4C4 (–2b)4}
{3C0a3 + 3C1a2b + 3C2ab2 + 3C3b3}
= (a4 – 8a3b + 24a2b2 – 32ab3 + 16b4) (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3)
(Multiplying only those terms in the two fraction which produce a term containing a2b5)
= ....... + {(24 a2b2) (b3) + (–32)ab3.3ab2 + (16b4) (3a2b)} + .....
= ....... + (24 – 96 + 48)a2b5 + .......
Hence the required term is (–24a2b5)
10
1
13. Write the fifth term in the expansion of 2 x 2 − 3 , x ≠ 0 .
3 x
Sol. General term
r
1
Tr +1 = 10 C r (2 x 2 )10 − r − 3 …(i)
3x
4480
∴ r = 4 put r = 4 in (i) and get T5 −
27
2 9
14. Find the two middle terms in the expansion of 2 x − x .
4
T9 +1 T9 + 3
and i.e., T5 and T6.
2 2
We know that
r
x2
Tr +1 =n Cr (2 x )9 −r . − ...(i)
4
63 13
T5 = x
4
−63 14
T6 = x
32
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80 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
2n
1
15. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x + , x ≠ 0 .
x
Sol. Here the general term
r
1
Tr +1 =2n Cr ( x )2n −r .
x
= 2nC x2n – r – r
r
2n
2n 1
is the required term independent of x in the expansion of x + .
n n x
16. Find the value of r if the coefficients of (2r + 4)th term and (r – 2)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal.
Sol. T2r + 4 = T(2r + 3) + 1 = 18C 2r + 3
2r + 3.x
Tr – 2 = T(r – 3) + 1 = 18C xr – 3
r –3
⇒ Either 2r + 3 = r – 3 or 2r + 3 = 18 – (r – 3)
⇒ Either r = –6 or r = 6
∴ r = 6 [∵ cannot be negative]
17. Find the greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 3x)10, when x = 4.
Sol. In the expansion of (2 + 3x)10,
Tr + 1 = 10C 210 – r (3x)r ...(i)
r
10
Tr +1 Cr .210 −r (3 x )r
= 10
Tr Cr −1211−r (3 x )r −1
10
Cr (3 x ) 6.10 Cr
= 10
= 10
(∵ x = 4)
Cr −1.2 Cr −1
6 10 11 − r r − 1
= 10 − r r × 10
6(11 − r )
=
r
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Binomial Theorem 81
Tr +1 6(11 − r )
Now, ≥ 1 iff ≥1
Tr r
66
⇒ r ≤
7
Tr +1
This means that T > 1 if and only if r ≤ 9. This means that T10 ≥ T9 but T11 < T10. Hence T10 is the greatest term.
r
= 220.39.5
n
18. Evaluate n Cr 2r .
r =1
n
Sol. n Cr 2r =n C12 + n C2 22 + n C3 23 + ..... + n Cn 2n
r =1
2n 2n
= Cn ( − x )n = ( −1)n x n
n n
2n
Hence, the middle term = ( −1)n x n
n n
45
= 9 36
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82 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
n
1 5
22. Given that 4th term in the expansion of px + is , find n and p.
x 2
n
1
Sol. Given expression is Px +
x
5
Given T4 =
2
3
n 1 5
∴ C3 (Px )n −3 =
x 2
n n −3 n − 6 5
= 3 n − 3 .P .x =
2
Therefore, n – 6 = 0
⇒ n=6
6 5
Now .P 3 =
3 3 2
5
⇒ 20 P 3 =
2
3
1 1
⇒ P3 = =
8 2
1
⇒ P=
2
1
Hence n = 6 and P =
2
1 15 135 2 945 3
= 1− x+ x − x + .....
32 2 4 8
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Binomial Theorem 83
−5
2
(2 + 3 x )−5 = 3 x 1 +
x
(ii)
3
−5
−5 2
= (3x ) 1 + 3 x
2 3
1 2 ( −5) ( −6) 2 ( −5) ( −6) ( −7) 2
= 5
1 + ( − 5) 3x + . + + .....
243 x 2 3x 3 3x
1 10 20 280
=
243 x 5 1 − 3 x + 3 x 2 − 27 x 3 + .....
1 1 10 1 20 1 280 1
− . + . − . + .....
243 x 5 3 x 6 3 x 7 27 x 8
=
24. By using the binomial expansion, expand (1 + x + x2)3
Sol. (1 + x + x2)3 = [(1 + x) + x2]3
= 3C0(1 + x)3 + 3C1(1 + x)2.(x2) + 3C2.(1 + x). (x2)2 + 3C3.(x2)3.
= (1 + x)3 + 3(1 + x)2.x2 + 3(1 + x) x4 + x6
= (1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3) + (3x2 + 6x3 + 3x4) + (3x4 + 3x5) + x6
= x6 + 3x5 + 6x4 + 7x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 1
12
1
25. (i) Find the 10th term in the expansion of 2x 2 +
x
9
4x 5
(ii) Find 6th term in the expansion of −
5 2x
Sol. We know that in the expansion of (a + b)n, we have (r + 1)th term, tr + 1 = nCr an–rbr.
9
1
(i) 10th term, t10 = t9 + 1 = 12C (2x2)12 – 9
9 x
12 1
= C3 (2 x 2 )3 9
x
12 × 11× 10 1
= .8 x 6 . 9
3 × 2 ×1 x
1760
= 3
x
9 −5 5
4x 5
(ii) t6 = t5 +1 = ( −1)5 9C5 2x
5
4 5
9 4x 5
= − C4
5 2x
9 × 8 × 7 × 6 28 x 4 55
= − 4 × 3 × 2 ×1. 4 × 5 5
5 2 x
5040
= −
x
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84 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
7
x3
26. Find the middle terms in the expansion of 4 x − .
8
th th
8 8
∴ Middle terms are and + 1 terms
2 2
−7 × 6 × 5 x9
= 256 x 4 .
1× 2 × 3 512
35 13
= − x
2
4
x3
t5 = t 4 +1 = ( −1)4 7C4 (4 x )3
8
x12
= 35 × 4 × 4 × 4.x 3 .
8×8×8×8
35 15
= + x
8
35 13
Hence, the middle terms are − x and 35 x15 .
2 8
10
1 c3
27. Find the coefficient of 2 in the expansion of y + 2 .
y y
1
Sol. Suppose that the rth term contains or y–2.
y2
10
c3 th
In the expansion of y + 2 , r
y
Term is given by
r −1
c3
Tr = 10Cr −1y 10 −r +1 2
y
10 c 3 r −3
= Cr −1 y 11−r 2r −2
y
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Binomial Theorem 85
Thus, Tr = 10C y13 – 3rc3r – 3
r–1
15
⇒ r = =5
3
10 12 12 −2
= 4 10 − 4 .c = 210c .y
1
Hence, the coefficient of the is 210 c12.
y2
10
k
28. Find the value of k so that the term independent of x in the expansion of x + 2 is 405.
x
10
k
Sol. Let in the expansion of x + 2 , rth term be independent of x.
x
10
k
In x + th
, r term is given by
x2
r −1
k
( )
10 − r +1
Tr = 10 Cr −1 x 2
x
k r −1
( x)
11− r
10
= Cr −1
x 2r − 2
11− r
10 k r −1
= Cr −1x 2 .
x 2r − 2
11− r
− 2r + 2
10
= Cr −1x 2 .k r −1
15 − 5 r
10
= Cr −1 x 2 .k r −1
15 − 5r
∴ =0
2
⇒ r=3
Putting r = 3
T3 = 10C k2
2
⇒ k=±3
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86 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
29. If the coefficient of ar – 1, a r, ar + 1 in the binomial expansion of (1 + a)n are in A.P. then prove that
n2 – n(4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0.
Sol. In the expansion of (1 + a)n,
Coefficient of ar – 1 = nCr – 1, coefficient of ar = nCr and coefficient of ar+1 = nCr + 1
Given nCr – 1, nCr, nCr + 1 are in A.P.
∴ 2.nCr = nCr – 1 + nCr + 1
2 n n n
⇒ = +
(n − r ) r n − r +1 r −1 r +1 n − r −1
2 1 1
= = +
(n − r ) n − r − 1 r r − 1 ( n − r + 1) ( n − r ) n − r − 1 r − 1 (n − r − 1) ( r + 1)r r − 1
2 1 1
= = +
r (n − r ) (n − r + 1) (n − r ) (r + 1)r
2 r (r + 1) + (n − r ) (n − r + 1)
⇒ =
r (n − r ) (n − r + 1) (n − r ) r (r + 1)
⇒ 2[(n – r + 1)(r + 1)] = r(r + 1) + (n – r) (n – r + 1)
⇒ n2 – 4nr – n + 4r2 – 2 = 0
⇒ n2 – n(4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0
30. In the expansion of (1 – x)2n–1, ar is denoted as the coefficient of xr, then prove that ar – 1 + a2n – r = 0.
Sol. Given expansion = (1 – x)2n – 1
rth term in the expansion of (a + x)n
= nCr – 1 an – (r – 1).xr – 1
Clearly, xr will occur in (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 – x)2n – 1.
Now in the expansion of (1 – x)2n – 1, (r + 1)th term is given by
Tr + 1 = 2n – 1C (1)2n – 1 – r(–x)r
r
= 2n – 1C (–1)r.xr
r
( −1)r 2n
= . Cr −1
( −1)2r
= (–1)r 2n – 1C
r–1
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Level-I
Chapter 9
Binomial Theorem
Solutions (Set-2)
[Basic of Binomial Theorem for Positive Index]
1. The expansion (a + x)n = nC0 an + nC1an – 1x + .... + nCnxn is valid when n is
(1) An integer (2) A rational number (3) An irrational number (4) A natural number
Sol. Answer (4)
The given expansion is valid for all positive integral values of n (natural number).
2. If the coefficient of rth term and (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)20 are in the ratio 1 : 2, then r is
equal to
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (2)
20
Cr −1 1
20
=
Cr −0 2
r=7
3. When n is any positive integer, the expansion (x + a)n = nC0xn + nC1xn – 1a + ..... + nCn an is valid only when
(1) |x| < 1 (2) |x| > 1
(3) |x| < 1 and |a| < 1 (4) x and a are any two numbers
Sol. Answer (4)
9
ax 8
4. The exponent of x occurring in the 7th term of the expansion of − is
2 bx
(1) 3 (2) –3 (3) 5 (4) –5
Sol. Answer (2)
The general term
9−r r
ax −8
Tr +1 = 9Cr
2 bx
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88 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
9−6 6
ax −8
T7 = 9C6
2 bx
33 6
9 a 8 x
= C6 . 6
2 b x
3 6
9 a 8 −3
= C6 .[ x ]
2 b
r
18 −3
Tr +1 = Cr ( x )18 − r . 2
x
12
x3 2
7. In the expansion of −
2 x 2
, 5th term from the end is
(1) –7920 x–4 (2) 7920 x4 (3) 7920 x–4 (4) –7920 x4
Sol. Answer (3)
12
x3 2
Fifth term from the end in the expansion of − 2 is equal to the 5th term from the beginning in the
2 x
12
−2 x 3
expansion of 2 +
x 2
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 89
12 − 4 4
12 −2 x3
T5 = C4 2 .
x 2
12 28 x12
= ×
8 4 x16 24
12 × 11 × 10 × 9 28 −4
= × 4 .x
4 × 3 × 2 ×1 2
12 × 11 × 10 × 9
= × 24 × x −4
4 × 3 × 2 ×1
8. The coefficient of am and an (m, n are positive integer) in the expansion of (1 + a)m + n are
(1) Unequal (2) Equal
(3) Reciprocal of each other (4) Additive inverse of each other
Sol. Answer (2)
m+n
The coefficient of am = m + n Cm =
n m
m+n
The coefficient of an = m + n Cn =
n m
(1 + 3 2a)9 + (1 − 3 2a)9
= 2 { 9
(
C0 + 9 C2 3 2a )
2
(
+ 9 C4 3 2a )
4
(
+ 9 C6 3 2a )
6
(
+ 9 C8 3 2a )}
8
n
1
11. In the expansion of 2 + –7 –8
, the coefficient of x and x are equal then n is equal to
3 x
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90 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
n! n!
×6=
7!(n − 7)! 8!(n − 8)!
n – 7 = 48
n = 55
12. If in the expansion of (1 + px)q, q ∈ N, the coefficients of x and x2 are 12 and 60 respectively, then p and q
are
(1) 2, 6 (2) 6, 2 (3) –2, 6 (4) –6, 2
Sol. Answer (1)
In the expansion of (1 + px)q, T2 = qC1 px and T3 = qC2 (px)2
Co-efficient of x = pq = 12
2 q(q − 1)
Co-efficient of x = p = 60
2
p2q2 – p(pq) = 120
144 – 12p = 120
12p = 24
p = 2, q = 6
n
1
13. The expansion of x α + β has constant term, if
x
(1) nα is divisible by n + β (2) nβ is divisible by n + α
(3) nα is divisible by α + β (4) n is divisible by α + β
Sol. Answer (3)
Tr + 1 = nCr (xα)n – r (x–β)r
nC
r xα n – r(α + β) is independent of x.
If αn – r(α + β) = 0
αn = r(α + β)
αn is divisible by (α + β)
20
3 1
14. The number of rational terms in the expansion of 25 + 3 is
25
20 − 2 r
= 20
Cr (25) 3
Hence Tr + 1 to be rational,
r = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 91
15. If in the expansion of (1 + kx)4 the coefficient of x3 is 32, then the value of k is equal to
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (1)
T4 = T3 + 1 = 4C3 k3x3.
Then coefficient of x3 = 4k3 = 32
k3 = 8
k = 2
16. In the expansion of (x + a)5, T2 : T3 = 1 : 3, then x : a is equal to
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 2 : 3 (4) 3 : 2
Sol. Answer (3)
5
1 T2 C x 4a 5x
= = 5 13 2 =
3 T3 C2 x a 10 a
x 10
⇒ =
a 15
⇒ x:a=2:3
11
2 1
17. If in the expansion of ax + the coefficient of x7 is equal to the coefficient of x–7 in the expansion of
bx
11
1
ax − 2 , then ab is equal to
bx
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (2)
1
Tr +1 = 11Cr (ax 2 )11− r .
(bx )r
11 a11− r
= Cr r .x 22 − 2r − r
b
22 – 3r = 7
r=5
The coefficient of x7 in
11
2 1 11 a6
ax + = C5
bx b5
11
1
In the expansion of ax − 2
bx
( −1)r
Tr +1 =11 Cr (ax )11− r 2 r
(bx )
r 11 a11− r 11−3r
= ( −1) Cr x
br
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92 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
∴ 11 – 3r = – 7
r=6
11 a5 11 a 6 11 a5
The coefficient of x–7 is C6 and C5 = C6 6
b6 b 5
b
ab = 1
−10
1
18. Coefficient of x12 in the expansion of (1 + x2)50 x + is
x
−10
x 2 + 1
2 50
(1 + x )
x
= x10 (1 + x2)40
∴ The coefficient of x12 is 40C
1 = 40
18
2
19. The term independent of x in the expansion of 6 x − is
3
x
18 −3 r
18
= Cr ( −2)r x 6
For independent of r
18 – 3r = 0
r=6
20 (1.003)4 is nearly equal to
(1) 1.012 (2) 1.0012 (3) 0.988 (4) 1.003
Sol. Answer (1)
(1.003)4 = (1 + 0.003)4 ≈ 1 + 4 × 0.003 = 1.012
21. The two consecutive term in the expansion of (3 + 2x)74 which have equal coefficients, are
(1) 7th and 8th (2) 11th and 12th (3) 30th and 31st (4) 31st and 32nd
Sol. Answer (3)
Suppose that coefficient of Tr = 74C 75 – r (2x)r – 1 and Tr + 1 = 74C 374 – r (2x)r are equal.
r – 1(3) r
74C
r–1 375 – r(2)r – 1 = 74C
r 374 – r(2)r
r = 30
Hence, the coefficients of T30 and T31 are equal.
22. If the coefficient of rth, (r + 1)th and (r + 2)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)14 are in A.P., then the value of
r is equal to
(1) 5 or 9 (2) 4 or 7 (3) 3 or 8 (4) 6 or 10
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 93
Sol. Answer (1)
If three consecutive coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in A.P., then
n ± n + 2 14 ± 14 + 2
r= =
2 2
=7±2
⇒ 9 or 5
23. Given positive integers r > 1, n > 2 and the coefficients of (3r)th and (r + 2)th term in the expansion of (1 +
x)2n are equal, then, which of the following relation is correct?
(1) n = 2r (2) n = 3r (3) n = 2r + 1 (4) n = r
Sol. Answer (1)
2n
T3r = C3r −1x 3r −1 and Tr + 2 = 2n
Cr +1x r +1
2n 2n
Given C3r −1 = Cr +1
3r – 1 = r + 1 or 3r – 1 = 2n – r – 1
2r = 2 or 4r = 2n
r=1 or n = 2r
As r > 1 ∴ n = 2r
24. The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 is
(1) 61 (2) 59 (3) 0 (4) 60
Sol. Answer (4)
(1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4
Coeff. of x5 = 5C1.4C3 + 5C2.4C1
= 20 + 40 = 60
25. If in the expansion of (1 + x)n, fifth term is 4 times the fourth term and fourth term is 6 times the third term,
then the value of n and x is
(1) 11, 2 (2) 2, 11 (3) 3, 12 (4) 12, 3
Sol. Answer (1)
nC x4 = 4 × nC3x3 …(i)
4
nC x3 = 6 × nC2 x2 …(ii)
3
On solving n = 11, x = 2
26. The number of terms in the expansion of (4x2 + 9y2 + 12xy)6 is
(1) 2 (2) 12 (3) 13 (4) 28
Sol. Answer (3)
(2x + 3y)12 so 13 terms
a
27. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ≥ 5, the sum of the 5th and 6th term is zero, then equals
b
n −5 n−4 5 6
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 5 n−4 n −5
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94 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
T5 + T6 = n C4an − 4 ( −b )4 + nC5an −5 ( −b )5 = 0
a n − 4 b 4 n C5 a n −5 +1 n − 4
⇒ n −5 5
= n ⇒ = =
a b C4 b 5 5
n
1
28. The sum of the binomial coefficients of 2 x + is equal to 256. Then the constant term in the expansion
x
is
(1) 1120 (2) 2110 (3) 1210 (4) 2210
Sol. Answer (1)
Sum of the binomial coefficients = 2n = 256
⇒n=8
Let Tr+1 is the constant term then
r
n n −r 1
Tr +1 = Cr (2 x )
x
Tr +1 = nCr 2n − r x n − r x − r = n
Cr 2n − r x n − 2r
n 8
For constant term n − 2r = 0 ⇒ r = = =4
2 2
Hence the constant term = 8C4 . 28−4 = 8C4 × 16 = 1120
29. If the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n are in A.P., then
(1) 2n2 – 9n + 7 = 0 (2) 2n2 + 5n + 7 = 0 (3) n2 – 9n + 7 = 0 (4) n2 + 9n – 7 = 0
Sol. Answer (1)
2n 2n
(1 + x)2n = 1 + C1x + C2 x 2 + 2n
C3 x 3 + .... + 2n
C2n x 2n
Given that
2nC , 2nC , 2nC are in A.P.
1 2 3
⇒ 2 . 2nC2 = 2nC1 + 2nC3
(2n − 1)(2n − 2)
⇒ (2n − 1) = 1 +
3×2
(2n − 1)(n − 1)
⇒ 2n − 2 =
3
⇒ 6n − 6 = 2n2 − 3n + 1
⇒ 2n2 − 9n + 7 = 0
n −1 n
Cr
30.
r =0
n
Cr + nCr +1
equals
n n +1 n(n + 1) n(n − 1)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2(n + 1)
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 95
Sol. Answer (1)
n −1 n n −1 n −1
Cr 1 1
nC + nCr +1
= nC =
n!
r =0 r =0
r
1 + n r +1 r = 0
Cr ( r + 1)!( n − r )!
1+
n!
r !(n − r )!
n −1 n −1
1 r +1
= n − r n +1=
r =0 1 + r =0
r +1
1 1 (n + 1)(n ) n
=
n +1
[1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n ] = n + 1 ⋅ 2 = 2
1
31. The greatest term in the expansion of (3 – 5x)15, when x = , is
5
(1) 6th (2) 5th (3) 5th & 6th (4) 4th & 5th
Sol. Answer (4)
Let Tr + 1 is the greatest term
⇒ | Tr + 1 | ≥ |Tr |
Tr +1
Tr ≥ 1
15
Cr 315 − r ( −5 x )r
⇒ ≥1
15
Cr −1 316 − r ( −5 x )r −1
15 − r + 1 −5 x 16 − r 5 x
⇒ ≥1 ⇒ ≥1
r
3 r 3
1
5× 16 − r 1
⇒ 16 − r 5 ≥1 ⇒ ≥1
r 3 r 3
16 − r ≥ 3r ⇒ 16 ≥ 4r
r≤4
Hence r = 4
Greatest term = Tr, Tr+1 = T4, T5
Hence 4th and 5th term are greatest.
1 1
32. In the expansion of ( y 5 +x 10 )55 , the number of terms free of radical sign are
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96 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
55 − r r
and both are integers
5 10
⇒ r = 0, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 makes both integers hence total 6 terms will be free from radical sign.
9
3x 2 1
33. The term independent of x in (1 + x + 2 x )
3
− is
2 3 x
9
3x2 1
The term independent of x in (1 + x + 2x3) 2 − 3x
9 9
3x 2 1 3x2 1 3x2 1
= Coefficient of x° in 2 − 3 x + Coefficient of x−1 in − + 2 × coefficient of x−3 in −
2 3 x 2 3 x
9
3x2 1
To find these coefficients let us find general term in −
3 x
, that is given by
2
9−r r 9−r r
9 3x2 1 9 r 3 1 18 − 2r − r
Tr + 1 = Cr − = Cr ( −1) x
2 3x 2 3
9−r r
9 r 3 1 18 −3r
= Cr ( −1) x
2 3
19
⇒r= which is not an integer, hence coefficient in this case is zero.
3
For coefficient of x−3, 18 − 3r = −3
3r = 21
r=7
∴ The term independent of x
3 6 2 7
= 9 C 3 ⋅ – 1 + 2 ⋅ 9C7 3 ⋅ – 1
6 2 3 2 3
17
=
54
9
1
34. Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1+ x + 2 x ) 2 x 2 − 2
.
3 x
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 97
Sol. Answer (3)
The expression is
9
1
(1+ x + 2 x 2 ) 2 x 2 −
3x
9 9 9
1 1 1
= 2x 2 − + x 2x 2 − + 2x 2 2x 2 −
3x 3x 3x
In the expansion of
9
2 1
2 x −
3x
General term
r
1
Tr +1 = 9Cr ·(2 x 2 )9−r · −
3x
r
1
= 9Cr ·218−2r · x 9−r · − · x − r
3
r
1
= 9Cr ·29−r · − · x18−3r
3
∵ we are looking for the coefficient of x3
∴ 18 – 3r = 3
⇒ 3r = 15
⇒ r=5
For the coefficient of x2,
18 – 3r = 2
16
⇒r = (Not possible)
3
For the coefficient of x
18 – 3r = 1
17
⇒r = (Not possible)
3
Now, the coefficient of x3 in
9 9 9
2 1 2 1 2 2 1
2 x − + x 2 x − + 2 x 2 x −
3x 3x 3x
9
2 1
= Coefficient of x3 in 2 x − +
3x
9 9
2 1 2 1
coefficient of x2 2 x − in + 2 × Coefficient of x in 2 x −
3x 3x
5
9 9 −5 1
= C5 ·2 · − + 0 + 2(0)
3
9×8×7×6 4 1 224
= ·2 · − 5 = −
4×3×2 3 27
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98 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
7
log2 9 x −1 + 7 1
35. If 6th term of 2 + 1
x −1
log2 ( 3 +1)
is 84, then x =
25
5
2
7 log2 9 x −1
+7 1 = 84
T6 = T5+1 = C5 2
1 log2 (3 x −1+1)
25
7 1
C5 (9 x −1 + 7) ⋅ x −1 = 84
3 + 1
7 × 6 x −1 1
(9 + 7) ⋅ x −1 = 84
2 3 + 1
9 x −1 + 7
x −1
= 4 ⇒ 9x − 1 + 7 = 4(3x − 1 + 1)
3 +1
9x
⇒ + 7 = 4 (3 x −1 + 1)
9
3x
9 x + 63 = 36 + 1
3
⇒ 9x + 63 = 12.3x + 36
Let 3x = y
y2 = 63 = 12y + 36
y2 − 12y + 27 = 0
⇒ y = 3, y = 9
⇒ 3x = 3 or 9 ⇒ x = 1, 2
[Properties of Binomial Coefficients, Differentiation and Integration, Multinomial Theorem]
36. The number of terms which are not similar in the expansion of (l + m + n)6 is
(1) 7 (2) 42 (3) 28 (4) 21
Sol. Answer (3)
( + m + n)6 = { + (m + n)}6
= 6C06 + 6C15 (m + n) + 6C24 (m + n)2 + 6C33 (m + n)3 + 6C42(m + n)4 + 6C5 (m + n)5 + 6C6(m + n)6 …(1)
Since the expansion (m + n)k contains (k + 1) terms therefore
R.H.S. of (1) there are
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28 terms
37. If sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (2x + 3y – 2z)n is 2187 then the greatest coefficient in the
expansion of (1 + x)n
(1) 30 (2) 40 (3) 28 (4) 35
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 99
Sol. Answer (4)
Sum is obtained by putting x = y = z = 1
Sum = (2 + 3 − 2)n
⇒ 3n = 2187 ⇒ n = 7
7×6×5
Greatest coefficient = 7C3 = 7C4 = = 35
3 × 2 ×1
n C C C
38. If (1 + x)n = C .x , then
r =0
r
r 1 + 1 1 + 2 ......1 + n =
C
0 C
1
C
n −1
Cr
The general term = 1 + C = Tr
r −1
(n + 1) (n + 1) (n + 1) (n + 1)n
Product = ⋅ ...... =
1 2 n n!
39. The sum of the last eight coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)16 is equal to
1 16 !
(1) 215 (2) 214 (3) 215 − . (4) 216
2 (8 ! ) 2
16 16 16!
= 2 − C8 = 2 −
8!8!
1 16!
S = 215 −
2 8!8!
a(1 − nC1 + nC2 − nC3 + ... + ( −1)n nCn ) + ( n C1 − 2. nC2 + 3. nC3 − 4 nC4 + ...)
=a×0+0=0
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100 Binomial Theorem Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)
n n
1 r
41. If k = n Cr , then n Cr is equal to
r =0 r =0
nk nk
(1) nk (2) (3) (n – 1)k (4)
2 3
Sol. Answer (2)
n
1
k= nC … (i)
r =0 r
n n n n
r r −n+n n n−r
nC = n
Cr
= n
− n
r =0 r r =0 r = 0 Cr r = 0 Cr
n n
r (n − r )
⇒ nC = nk − n
by (i)
r =0 r r = 0 Cn − r
n
r
= nk − n
r =0 Cr
n n
r r nk
⇒ 2 n
= nk n
=
r = 0 Cr r = 0 Cr 2
n
42. r ( C n
r – nCr–1) is equal to
r =1
n n n n
S= r (n Cr − nCr −1) = r nCr − r . nCr −1 = n.2n −1 − r . nCr −1
r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1
⇒ x (1 + x )n = C0 x + C1x 2 + C2 x 3 + ... + Cn x n +1
Differentiating
Putting x = 1
2n + n . 2n−1 = C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + …. (n + 1)Cn
⇒ 2n + n . 2n−1 = C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + …. nCn−1 + (n + 1)Cn
⇒ (C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + … nCn−1) = 2n + n.2n−1− (n + 1)Cn …… …(ii)
If Cr = nCr
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 101
Then we may write that
n
C0 + 2.n C1 + 3. nC2 + ....n. nCn −1
= 24 + n.2n−1 − (n + 1)Cn …(iii)
By (i) and (iii)
S = n.2n−1 − [2n + n.2n−1− n − 1]
S = n + 1 − 2n
43. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3)11 is
(1) 900 (2) 909 (3) 990 (4) 999
Sol. Answer (3)
11
2 1− x4
3 11
S = (1 + x + x + x ) = = (1 − x4)11(1 − x)−11
1− x
11 × 12 2
= (1 + 11C1(−x)4 + …. ) 1 + 11x + x + ....
2!
11 × 12 × 13 × 14
Coefficient of x4 = − 11 = 990
4!
[Miscellaneous]
44. The number of zeroes at the end of (101)11 – 1 is
(1) 8 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (4)
(101)11 – 1 = (1 + 100)11 – 1
=1+ 11C (100) + 11C (100)2 + ..... + 11C (100)11 –1
1 2 11
n +1
= C0 8n +1 + n +1
C1 8n + ..... + n +1
Cn 8 + n +1
Cn +1 − 8n − 9
47. Let R = (5 5 + 11)2n +1 and f = R – [R] where [⋅] denotes the greatest integer function. The value of R.f is
( )
2n +1
R = 5 5 + 11 =I +f
I + f = (5 5 + 11)2n + 1
= 2n+1C (5)2n+1 + 2n+1C (5)2n(11) + …+ 2n + 1C 2n+1
0 1 2n+1(11) …(iii)
f′ = (5 − 11)2n + 1
= 2n+1C (5)2n+1
0 − 2n+1C (5)2n(11)
1 +…(−1)2n+1 C2n+1(11) 2n+1 …(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv)
I + f − f′ = Even integer
⇒ I + f − f′ = Integer
But I is an integer, hence f − f′ is an integer.
Also we know
0≤f<1 …(v)
0 < f′ < 1
⇒ −1 < −f′ < 0 …(vi)
Adding (v) and (vi)
−1 < f − f′ < 1
But f − f′ is an integer hence f − f′ = 0 ⇒ f = f′
⇒ Rf = Rf′ = (5 + 11)2n+1 (5 − 11)2n+1 = (125 − 121)2n + 1 = 42n + 1
48. Consider the following statements
S1: The total number of terms in (x2 + 2x + 4)10 is 21
20
2 1
S2: The coefficient of x10 in x + is 20C .
x 10
= 10C0 ( x + 1)20 + 10C1( x + 1)18 .3 + 10C2 ( x + 1)16 .32 + ........... + 10C10 310
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Binomial Theorem 103
Total number of different terms = 21
S-2: Let (r +1)th term has x10
r
2 20 − r 1 1
20
Then Tr +1 = Cr ( x ) = 20Cr x 40 − 2r ×
x xr
x 40 − 3r = x10 40 − 3r = 10 30 = 3r r = 10
Therefore coefficient of x10 is 20C .
10
S3 : Total number of terms in the expansion of (1 + x)12 is 13
th
n
Therefore middle term is + 1 = (6 + 1)th term
2
12
T6+1 = C6 x 6
S4: T4 +1 = T8 +1
⇒ n C4 = nC8
⇒ n Cn − 4 = nC8
⇒n–4=8
⇒ n = 12
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