MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT LAGUNA

Academic Year 2018 - 2019

PRODUCTION OF NPK FERTILIZER and CNTH via NITROPHOSPHATE ROUTE

USING NITRIC ACID PROCESS

John Vincent GABIN

John Jason PACIL
John Achilles Cruz RICAFRENTE

Plant Design Adviser: ENGR. TRISTAN ROY L. PANALIGAN

An IEER Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

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(Reserved for Project Fact Sheet)

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 Table of Contents

Project Fact Sheet ii

Table of Contents iii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Executive Summary 1
1) Brief Project Description 1
2) Brief Summary of Project’s IEE Process 1
3) Summary of Baseline Characterization 1
4) Summary of Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan 1
5) Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan 3
DRAFT MAIN IEER
1. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION 4
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S IEE PROCESS 6
2.1. Terms of Reference of the IEE Study 6
2.2. IEE Team 6
2.3. IEE Study Schedule 7
2.4. IEE Study Area 7
2.5. IEE Methodology 8
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10
3.1. Project Location, Area, ECA Category 10
3.2. Project Rationale 14
3.3. Project Development Plan, Process/Technology, Project Components 15
3.4. Description of Project Phases 15
3.4.1. Pre-construction/Pre-operational phase 15
3.4.2. Construction/Development phase 16
3.4.3. Operational phase 17
3.4.4. Abandonment phase 18
3.5. Project Costs and Manpower Requirements 19
3.6. Project Duration and Schedule 20

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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, IMPACT ASSESSMENT 21
AND MITIGATION
4.1. The Land 21
4.2. The Water 29
4.3. The Air 36
4.4. The People 38
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 40
5.1. Impact Management Plan 40
5.2. Emergency Response Policy and Generic Guidelines 42
5.3. Environmental Monitoring Plan 48
5.4. Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation 54
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES 56
7. ANNEXES 57
7.1. Scoping Checklist 58
7.2. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of Proponent 66
7.3. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of IEE Preparer 67
7.4. Baseline Study Support Information 68

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 List of Tables

Table no. Description Page

1 Project Information and Details 4
2 2018CHE008 Members 8
3 Light Industry & Science Park III Profile 13
4 Summary of Capital Investment Costs 17
5 Summary of Annual Production Costs 18
6 Employees and Number of Personnel 18
7 Land Use Classification 20
8 Soil Types and Location 21
9 Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution 25
10 Threatened Fauna Information 27
11 Philippine Marine Mammals 34

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 List of Figures

Figure No. Description Page

1 Topography of LISP III 5
2 IEE Procedure 9
3 Philippines Location Map 10
4 Batangas Location Map 10
5 Santo Tomas Location Map 11
6 San Rafael Location Map 11
7 NAMRIA Calamba Topographical Map 12
8 Close-up of Site near San Rafael 13
9 Hazard Map in Tanauan City, Batangas 25
10 Geological Formations of Batangas Province and the Batangas 27
Bay Region
11 Hydrogeological Map of Batangas City 30
12 Overview of Taal Lake, Philippines and the water sampling 31
stations
13 Average values of the physico-chemical parameters of the water 32
14 Freshwater Species in Batangas 33
15 Average monthly rainfall in Batangas City 36
16 Maximum, mean, and minimum air temperatures 37
17 Air Quality Index Batangas Area 38
18 Pollution Index of Philippines 38
19 Pollution, Purity and Cleanliness Index of Batangas 38
20 Aerial View of LISP III 39

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 Executive Summary

1) Brief Project Description

NAPKA, Inc. is designing an NPK fertilizer plant with nitric acid plant in Light
Industry & Science Park III in San Rafael, Santo Tomas, Batangas. It is expected to
consume 2 hectare of land area in the vicinity and designed to produce about 30,000
MT of NPK fertilizer annually. It has been developed in order to add up as an additional
supplier of fertilizer to cope up to increasing demand in food. The plants will
incorporate two processes, mainly, high-pressure nitric acid process with nitro
phosphate production of NPK fertilizer. Expected environmental impacts are
documented in IEER for each phases of the project. Project costs, such as capital
investment costs and annual production costs, are about P 3 billion and P 1.5 billion
annually, respectively. Total number of employees reaches 120 for overall operation
of the plant. The expected duration of the plant may exceed 20 years.

2) Brief Summary of Project’s IEE Process

Every EIA process makes sure that environmental issues are raised when a project
or plan is first discussed and that all concerns are addressed as a project gains
momentum through to implementation. The IEE is a first assessment of the reasonably
foreseeable impacts on the environment of a proposed activity or activities. These
impacts often depend on the environmental mitigation and monitoring activities
specified in the IEE. IEE was carried out with the usual flow of EIA process with
informal consultations through each step:

• Screening
• Scoping
• Drafting of EIA (Project Description; Baseline Study; Environmental Management
Plan)
• Review

Final EIA/IEER

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3) Summary of Baseline Characterization

The Baseline characterization of the plant considered the following areas affected
like Land, Water, Air, and the People in the region. Region 4-A where Batangas
province is located have different land use classifications and mostly the land is
classified as developing urban center for industries. The area of the plant in Batangas
which is LISP III in San Rafael, Sto. Tomas City, Batangas is surrounded by land mass.
These lands vary from terrains and rock formations that are classified at their age.
Terrestrial biology of the province and the habitat of the marine animals in the area
are dictated in the National List of Threatened Fauna which is listed in DENR
Administrative Order No. 2004-15.

Climate assessment and air quality is conducted for the pollution checking of the
province. The Climate is known to be Type 1 which consists of wet and dry season.
The Air quality of Batangas is inspected at Realtime basis and has a value of 80 index
depicted in AirVisual PM2.5 detection site. Other pollution measurement integration is
also provided for the value integration of the region. The project site is also considered
and mostly located within the park premises. It is consisting mostly of trees and an
aerial view of the industrial park is provided.

4) Summary of Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan

It was considered the evaluation and the likely environmental impacts of a

proposed project or development, considering inter-related socio-economic, cultural
and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The impact assessment
focuses on the discussion of the impacts of the components released in our process.
This includes assessment of our products, by-products, raw materials, and gas and
liquid wastes.

The guidelines written in the environmental management plan aims to be

applicable to a range of types and scales of development, as well as different
biophysical, social, economic and governance contexts. This guideline is focused on
EMPs at the project level but may also be adapted and applied to Environment
Management Frameworks (EMF). The release of each components mitigated by

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DENR have their own control strategies. Mitigation of polluting gas such as NO was
controlled using humid air method. The wastewater which includes some nutrients is
also controlled by a sequential batch reactor. The plan, in case of eutrophication, was
included along with its prevention and control

5) Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring plan focuses on the compilation and administration the

EMP components itself to ensure that the environmental management measures are
implemented and are effective. Environmental monitoring plan includes self-
monitoring plan, hazard identification, containment plan, and monitoring framework.
Self-monitoring plan includes general risk assessment of all hazards that one may
encounter. The need to know for these hazards is included in the hazard
identification table which includes the hazard of each products and raw materials in
our process. Containment plan was made for emergencies such as spillage and
other unnecessary events that needs cleaning and containment. The monitoring
framework includes of all components that needs monitoring such as hydrology,
atmosphere, and anthropological concerns. This will focus on the Impact, Outcome,
Output, Process and Input Assessments.

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 1. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION

Table 1. Project Information and Details

Project Name NPK Fertilizer Plant

Proponent Name NAPKA Manufacturing Inc.
Proponent Contact Person John Achilles Ricafrente
EIA Consultant
EIA Consultant Contact Person
EMB/DENR Scoping Representatives
Project Location Brgy San Rafael, Sto.Tomas, Batangas,
Region 4-A
Proponent Address Brgy San Rafael, Sto.Tomas, Batangas,
Region 4-A
Proponent Means of Contact
Consultant Address
Consultant Means of Contact
Place of Scoping Brgy San Rafael, Sto.Tomas, Batangas,
Region 4-A
Date of Scoping May 3,2019

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Figure 1. Topography of LISP III

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 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S IEE PROCESS

2.1. Terms of Reference of the IEE Study

The IEE study is conducted for the proposed plant of NPK fertilizer manufacturing
plant. This assess the Environmental Management Plan that scopes the Impacts
Management Plan, Control Strategies, Wastewater treatment, Emergency response
policies, Emergency response plan, Environmental monitoring Plan, Self-Monitoring
Plan, Hazard Identification, Confined Spaces, Containment Plan, Multi-sectorial
Monitoring framework, Hydrology Monitoring, Environmental Guarantee and EMP
implementation. The study provides initial information of the project and is limited to
information like data on their degree of uncertainty as to the exact nature and
magnitude of environmental impacts and resulting effects. It also assesses the
remedial measures for development of projects. This was conducted prior to the
proposal of the manufacturing plant.

2.2. IEE Team

This report was prepared by Plant Design Group with the code 2018CHE008 for
“CHE185: Industrial Waste Management and Control” of 3rd Semester 2018-2019. The
group is composed by 3 members under the supervision of Engr. Jor Quidilig in partial
fulfillment of Plant design. Table 2 shows the members name and educational
background.

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Table 2. 2018CHE008 Members

Name Degree Year

John Vincent A Gabin B.S Chemical 5
SN: 2014103229 Engineering
John Jason E. Pacil B.S Chemical 5
SN: 2014104403 Engineering
John Achilles C. B.S Chemical 5
Ricafrente Engineering
SN: 2014103307

2.3. IEE Study Schedule

May 3,2019

Checklist of IEER consultation and remarks

May 6,2019

Executive Summary and Project Description

May 8,2019

Baseline Environmental Conditions, Impact Assessment, and Mitigation

May 10,2019

Environmental Management Plan

May 13,2019

Bibliography and Annexes

May 15,2019

Final Presentation of the Study

2.4. IEE Study Area

IEE provides the following information through preparation of environmental

impact matrix, screening, and scoping. This provides identification of possible

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environmental impact caused by implementation of the proposed projects and
programs based on available data and information and limited field reconnaissance.
Another is that it recommends necessary preventive measure and modification of
projects and programs, if necessary. It also suggests necessary environmental impact
study such as IEE and/or EIS at feasibility study stage

Aside from the natural environmental conditions and pollution issues, other
significant concerns relating to the project include:

• Assessment of direct and indirect project benefits, including:

o Health and sanitation conditions
o Flood occurrences and damages
o Resettlement and Land Acquisition
 Identifying land to be acquired and the affected persons;
 Their economic status and impact of loss of land;
 Institutional arrangements for processing resettlement
2.5. IEE Methodology
The EIA was conducted using a series of steps as presented in the procedural
requirement in the Revise Procedural Manual. This includes Screening, Scoping,
Conduct of EIA Study and Report Preparation, EIA Report Review and Evaluation,
Decision Making, and Monitoring, Validation and Evaluation/Audit. Specifically,
steps undertaken was described in the flowchart below:

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 Screening

Informal Consultation

Scoping

Regulatory Review
Project Description

Draft EIA Baseline Study

Environmental
Management Plan

Expert Review

Final EIA

Figure 2. IEE Procedure

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 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. Project Location, Area, ECA Category

Figure 3. Philippines Location Map

Figure 4. Batangas Location Map

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Figure 5. Santo Tomas Location Map

Figure 6. San Rafael Location Map

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Figure 7. NAMRIA Calamba Topographical Map

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Figure 8. Close-up of Site near San Rafael

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Table 3. Light Industry & Science Park III Profile

Name of Ecozone Light Industry & Science

Park III
Location San Rafael & San Anastacia,
Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Developer/Operator RFM-Science Park of the
Philippines Inc./LISP III
Locators’ Association, Inc.
Total Area (in Hectares) 110.484
Total Numbers of Locators 36
Capacity of WTP (m3/day) 4000
Volume of Wastewater (m3/day) 190
Volume of Wastewater Discharged 190
3
(m /day)
Type of Treatment Facility Activated Sludge Process
Parameters Sampled/Analyzed pH, Temperature, BOD,
COD, Total Coliform, O&G,
Color, Surfactant, Heavy
Metals
Receiving Body of Water San Juan River
Classification of Receiving Body of Class C
Water

3.2. Project Rationale

In order to cope up with the increase in the demand of food due to population
growth, escalation in productivity of the agricultural sector is required. Through the use
of fertilizers, increasing nutrients necessary for crops to increase yield, speeds up
growth and retain the quality of the crops can be realized. Thus, a fertilizer
manufacturing plant is being developed in order to cope up with increased in demand
in food and reduce reliance to expensive imported fertilizers.

In correlation to the result of market research in the plant design project, it shows
that the fertilizer demand is higher than its supply, thus, reliance to imported fertilizer

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is necessary to compensate the low production of existing fertilizer plants, not
considering the fact that they also export fertilizers to other countries. The production
capacity of the existing plant in the Philippines is calculated to have about 60,000 MT
of NPK fertilizer annually. But, import capacity exceeded the production capacity by
almost eight times.

3.3. Project Development Plan, Process/Technology and Project

Components

Plant Design

The plant will be developed into two sections: the nitric acid production plant and
the fertilizer manufacturing plant. For the nitric acid production process, the Ostwald
process will be utilized with process condition under high pressure. Under this process,
three phases are designed, namely, raw material pre-treatment, ammonia oxidation,
and absorption of NOx in water. Effluent treatment of gas will not be necessary as the
high-pressure process is designed in order to conform to effluent standards provided
by Philippine Clean Air Act or R.A. 8749. There is no wastewater produced under this
process.

The second process involved production of NPK fertilizer using nitric acid produced
from the first plant. Uhde process or the nitrophosphate process will be used in order
to produce NPK fertilizer. It is composed of four phases, digestion of phosphate rock,
crystallization of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, blending and granulation of NPK fertilizer,
and post-treatment of granulated NPK fertilizer. Negligible gas effluents are produced
by in this process and no solid wastes are also expected. For wastewater, nutrients
are known to be dominant in the effluent. As such, sequential batch reactor will be
used in the process to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from the effluent, thus,
following the government standards for wastewater effluent. The removed nutrients
may be used to be recycled to the plant or disposed it to the upstream of irrigation
system for fields.

3.4. Description of Project Phases

3.4.1. Pre-construction/Pre-operational phase

Planning principles and design considerations will be combined in the site planning
process whenever possible. The design concepts considered are: efficiency of

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process, air quality emission conformance, protection of the water quality of the
receiving water, safety of employees, ecological resources and availability of raw
materials and location of the market.

Before the design is prepared, pilot plant will be built in order to determine the
validity of preliminary design and readjust parameters that does not conform from the
data from the pilot plant. After adjustments, revision of the plant design under feasibility
study will be made in order to correct costing and design parameters.

In addition to pilot plant construction, land, water, air characterization will be done
in order to determine the prior conditions of the site and the impact of plant operation
to the plant.

Design will also consider the potential vulnerability of the plants’ structure to natural
hazards such as extreme rainfall and earthquake events. For that, studies will be taken
under detailed engineering design, and the corresponding structural measures and
standards will be integrated in the final design.

For that, relevant engineering standards will be applied to consider natural hazards.
All civil works shall account construction criterial applicable to the observed level of
risk. Disaster risk mitigation shall combine enough elevation for structural foundation
to take into consideration the projected or estimated flood depths; avoidance of area
of known to seismic risks as component locations; and ensuring structural design are
conforming to applicable codes and standards. All of these will be incorporated under
detailed engineering design.

An information campaign will also be done before construction activity in order to

inform related entities for construction and start-up of the plant. It will also raise public
awareness for any significant impacts during construction and operations of the plant.

3.4.2. Construction/Development phase

Construction of the plant will be contracted to qualified contractors who will provide
the equipment, manpower, materials and labor. Bid documents shall include
requirements for assimilating pertinent provisions of the environmental management
plan to be executed by the contractors during construction.

Construction will be undertaken by contractors under the supervision of engineers

provided by the local government unit and the Light Industry Science Park III to ensure

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the terms and conditions of the contract are followed. During trial run, influents and
effluents will be characterized to determine the actual efficiency of the wastewater
treatment facility. Other performance tests, such as leak/hydraulic testing, are also
part of the agreement.

Under the Cultural Properties Preservation Act (Presidential Decree No. 374) when
excavators shall strike upon any buried cultural property, the excavation shall be
suspended and the matter will be reported immediately to the Director of National
Museum who shall take the appropriate steps to have the discovery investigated and
to ensure the proper and safe removal thereof, with the knowledge and consent of the
owner. The suspension can only be lifted by the Director of National Museum.
Accordingly, in case of archaeological, historical, cultural chance finds, the following
procedure would be observed to avoid damage to cultural properties: (i) detailed
design of all civil works will be located away from all cultural/archaeological/historical
properties; (ii) procedures for chance finds of valued relics and cultural values will be
stipulated in the contract with contractors in order to avoid damaging such valuable
properties; (iii) site supervisors will be on the watch for chance finds; (iv) upon a
chance find, all work will be stopped immediately, find will be left untouched, notify
local government units and LISP III officials who in turn will notify the National
Museum; (v) work at the find site will remain suspended until the National Museum
allows work to resume.

3.4.3. Operational phase

Technicians and operators will undertake operation and maintenance of the plant
after undergoing training. Operations and maintenance activities includes monitoring
product quality, raw material quality, monitoring plant operations, raw material and
product inventory, transport of product to market, periodic cleaning and shutdown
planning, replacement of equipment or consumables, monitoring influents and
effluents and inspection of control equipment. Annual scheduled shutdown is done in
order to ensure consistent process operations and reduce potential hazards and
negative impacts to environment. All operations and maintenance activities are to be
done regularly to decrease chances of emergency shutdowns.

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3.4.4. Abandonment phase

Due to relatively long operational life of the plant, abandonment or closure is not
envision in the near or medium term (25 – 50 years). In case of abandonment
becomes an option, the appropriate action plan will be prepared and executed in
compliance with GOP regulatory requirements.

3.5. Project Cost and Manpower Requirement

Project costs can be classified into two: capital investment and annual cost of
production. Capital investment can be further classified into two: fixed capital
investment and working capital. Fixed capital investment is the overall cost of design,
construction and erection of plant and the related modifications necessary to prepare
the plant site. It is composed of inside battery limit, offsite battery limit, engineering
and construction cost, and contingency charges.

Inside battery limit investment is the actual cost of the plant itself. The
procurement and installation cost of all process equipment are part of inside battery
limit investment. Offsite battery limit investment includes all cost required for the
additions made site infrastructure, taking consideration plant expansion, whether
establishing new plants or increasing operating capacity of the existing plant.
Contingency charges are extra cost added to the budget in order to consider errors
in cost estimations and increases flexibility in cost evaluation.

Another component of capital investment is the working capital. It is defined the

cost required in order to maintain plant operations. It is related to maintaining
inventories of raw materials, products and spare parts, with cash on hands, accounts
receivable and payable. It is recovered at the end of plant life.

Table 4. Summary of Capital Investment Costs

Capital Investment Estimated Cost

Fixed capital cost P 2,238,195,644.61
Working capital P 809, 046,012.88
Total investment cost P3,047,241,657.49

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 The other cost considered in project cost is the cost of production which is
evaluated annually. It also classified into two: variable cost of production and fixed
cost of production. Variable costs of production are costs that heavily depends on the
capacity of the plant and any fluctuation to plant production capacity will in effect
cause variation of costs under variable cost of production. Variable cost of production
includes raw materials cost, utility costs for plant operations and consumable costs
(catalysts). Fixed costs of production involve that are not related to the capacity of
plant production. This includes labor cost, telecommunication cost, real property tax
and income tax, utility costs unrelated to plant operations.

Table 5. Summary of Annual Production Costs

Annual Cost of Production Estimated Annual Cost

Variable cost of production P 1,182,586,060
Fixed cost of production P 347,074,330
Total cost of Production P1,529,660,390

Under manpower requirements, about 120 employees are required in the site
both for office and plant production line.

Table 6. Employees and the number of personnel.

Number
CEO 1.00
Plant Manager 1.00

Marketing Manager 1.00

Marketing Staff 3.00

Sales Engineer 3.00
Sales Secretary 3.00

Strategic Purchasing and Supply Manager 1.00

Purchasing Staff 3.00

HR/Admin Manager 1.00

HR/Admin Staff 3.00

Accounting Head 1.00

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 Accounting Staff 9.00

Warehouse Supervisor 1.00

Warehouse Man 6.00
Dispatch Helper 3.00

QA/QC Manager 1.00

QA/QC Supervisor 2.00
QA Analyst/Inspector 9.00

Process Engineer 2.00

Pollution Control Officer 3.00
Production Supervisor 2.00
Production Operators 12.00
Production Encoder 1.00
Mechanical Supervisor 1.00
Machanic 6.00
IS Supervisor 1.00
IS Operators 8.00
Electrical Maintenance Supervisor 1.00
Electrical Technitian 6.00

IT Supervisor 1.00
IT Staff 3.00
Company Nurse 2.00

Driver 6.00
Janitor 6.00
Security Guard 6.00
Total 118.00

3.6. Project Duration and Schedule

Project planning started 2018 and it is expected to end till 2020. From 2020 to
2022, the project enters the construction phase and will be prepared for operation
and maintenance phase. After construction phase, the plant begins operations on
2022. The plant is expected to operate until 2042 but before 2042, top management
will decide whether to consider expansion, build new plant, increase capacity,
abandon/shutdown the plant or do nothing and let it run-to-failure approach.

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 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND
MITIGATION

4.1. The Land

Land Use

Batangas a province of the Philippines is a coastal city located in the Calabarzon

region. It has a total land area of 3119.75 km2. The lands in Batangas are primarily
used for agricultural purposes like corn, citrus, sugar cane, fruit trees, vegetables,
coffee, coconut, and rice. It has considerably changed from 1946 to present from an
agricultural land use into a developing urban center of commercial and industrial use.

Table 7. Land Use Classification

LAND CLASSIFICATION AREA (HAS) SHARE (%)

Primary Urban 625.72 2.26

Secondary Urban Core 1,755.35 6.35

Gen. Development Area 4,105.72 14.86

Socialized Housing Area 446.42 1.62

Industrial Area 2,328.56 8.43

Port Area 401.46 1.45

Ecological Development Area 10,958.72 39.66

Forest Area (389.86) (1.41)

Agroforestry (5,057.65) (18.30)

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Watershed (4,301.32) (15.57)

Tourism (1,209.89) (4.38)

Agricultural Development Area 5,584.37 20.21

Strategic Agriculture & Fisheries

Development Area 1,354.81 4.90

Strategic Crops & Livestock (1,281.42) (4.64)

Integrated Development Area

Strategic Fisheries Dev’t. Area (73.39) (0.26)

Special Use Area (Sanitary Landfill) 72.13 0.26

TOTAL 27,633.26 100.00

SOURCE: Zoning Division, OCPDC, Batangas City

Pedology

There are seven types of soil that could be found in the area of Batangas City. The
following information tells its type, location and agricultural potentials.

Table 8. Soil Types and Location

Type of Soil : Taal Sandy Loam

: Sta. Rita Karsada, Sta. Rita Aplaya, Sta.

Location Clara and Cuta

Agricultural Potentials : corn, citrus, sugar cane, fruit trees

Type of Soil : Hydrosoil

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Location : Calicanto and Wawa

Agricultural Potentials : saltbeds and fishponds

Type of Soil : Calumpang Clay Loam

Location : Libjo, Poblacion and Pallocan

Agricultural Potentials : Sugar Cane

Type of Soil : Ibaan Clay Loam

: Pinamucan, Mahabang Dahilig, Malalim,

Sirang Lupa, Conde, Talumpok
Kanluran/Silangan, Sto. Niño, Tulo,
Location Paharang

Agricultural Potentials : sugarcane, upland crops, rice and intercrops

Type of Soil : Ibaan Loam

: Balete, Concepcion, Bucal, Mahabang

Parang, Sorosoro, Tingga, Banaba,
Balagtas, Alangilan, Bolbok, Kumintang,
San Pedro, Dumantay, Dalig, Gulod,
Sampaga, San Isidro, Ambulong and
Location Tabangao Aplaya

: sugarcane, upland rice, corn, vegetables, coffee and

Agricultural Potentials bananas

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Type of Soil : Ibaan Loam (Gravely Phase)

: Talumpok Kanluran/Silangan, Conde,

San Miguel, Sto. Niño, Tabangao Dao,
Haligue, Talahib Payapa, Talahib
Pandayan, Mabacong, Ilijan and Dela
Location Paz

Agricultural Potentials : coconut, atis, cacao and coffee

Type of Soil : Sibul

Location : Isla Verde

Agricultural Potentials : rice, peanuts, tomatoes and vegetables

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Geology

The region the plant would be erected is located in San Rafael, Batangas. The
area has a low landslide susceptibility. It also has a high flood susceptibility with flood
heights of 1-2 meters in a duration of 3 or more days. The Province is predominantly
Tertiary to Quaternary and largely of igneous and sedimentary rocks.

Figure 9. Hazard Map of Tanauan City, Batangas

Geomorphology

Batangas City consists of 0% to 30% rolling terrains in slope. The highest point is
located at Mount Banoy in Barangay Talumpok Silangan that is 968 meters above sea
level and is 13.5 km east of Poblacion. Coastal Barangays starting Sta. Rita Aplaya
from the north down to Ambulong on the south are at 0% to 3% in slope. Beyond the
barangays of Mabacong, Simlong and Pinamucan Ibaba, the slope is from 8% to 30%.

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The southwest tip of the city which is Matuco Point has a slope of 30%. Verde Island
which is composed of six barangays are mountainous and has a slope ranging from
3% to 30%.

Table 9. Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution.

SLOPE LAND AREA PERCENTAGE SHARE

0% – 3% 6,578.80 23.05%

4% – 8% 10,902.83 38.20%

9% – 15% 3,462.08 12.13%

16% – 30% 7,166.79 25.11%

31% – over 328.23 1.15%

Swamps & Fishpond 102.74 0.36%

TOTAL 28,541.44 100.00%

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 Figure 10. Geological Formations of Batangas Province and the Batangas Bay Region.

Terrestrial biology

Scope

This section covers terrestrial investigation of the initial alignments of the proposed
plant location to identify the impacts to ecological conditions that assess the level of
impacts, and propose measures to mitigate these problems.

Mangroves

As of 2010, Batangas has an estimated total mangrove area of 610.94 hectares that
are protected within the last ten years. Batangas has 12 mangrove species and 8
associate species that is being protected by DENR. The species include Avicennia
alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera
sexangula, Ceriops decandra, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora
apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. As for the
mangrove associate species include Acacia farnesiana, Dolichandrone spathacea,
Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ipomoea pescaprae, Morinda citrifolia, Pongamia pinnata,
Sesuvium portulacastrum, and Terminalia catappa. (Samson 2012).

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National List of Threatened Fauna

Table 10. Threatened Fauna Information

TAXONOMIC FAMILY SCIENTIFIC COMMON LOCAL K

CLASS NAME NAME NAME O

MAMMALS Cercopithecidae Macaca Philippine Matsing; B

fascicularis Monkey Tsonggo
(Tag.);
Ayung (Cag);
Bakes (Ilok);
Ukay (Cam.
Sur); Amo;
Unggoy
(Bis.); Loo;
Toong
(Manobo).

Scolopacidae Tringa Nordmann's Talingting B

guttifer greenshank

Cheloniidae Chelonia Green sea Payukan; B

mydas turtle Bildog;
Pudno;
Pawikan;
Talisayon;
Magdarait;
Mangdarahit;
rawan;
Wara-cara;
Tortuga;
Kutuan.
BIRDS Turnicidae T. o. Spotted Pugo B
ocellata Buttonquail

28
4.2. The Water

Batangas City is traversed by several streams and converging to Calumpang River

that flows into Batangas Bay. Calumpang River is a body of water with an area of 472
km2. The river flows into Batangas Bay and is approximately 2 km south of Batangas
Port.

Hydrology

A hydrological survey was conducted by 3 geotechnical personnel from Mines and

Geosciences Bureau in Batangas Province from July 25-29, 2016. The survey
consisted of well inventory of groundwater using a GPS instrument to determine the
location of the wells. These data include the barangay name, geographic coordinates,
well owner’s name, groundwater depth, and age of well. Total of 56 wells and 1 spring
were plotted on a topographic and geologic base map. The groundwater flow follows
westward trend that indicates northeastern recharge point and most of the southern
part flows southward direction from the mountainous terrain.

29
Figure 11. Hydrogeological Map of Batangas City

Water Quality

Water primarily come from Calumpang River, wells and springs. Water source
could be correlated with the Taal Lake that also supplies water for aquaculture and
non-aquaculture in Batangas. Assessment of Water Quality were determined from
August 2013 to May 2014 for 10 months. This includes the pH, nitrates, phosphates,
salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO).

30
Figure 12. Overview of Taal Lake, Philippines and the water sampling stations

Figure 12 shows the vicinity of the Taal Lake and the surrounding lands it supports
for the use of Batangas City. Measurement of the parameters of water were carried in
situ at the surface and at a depth of 10 m. Water samples were collected and done
from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M. Specialized laboratory equipment were used to measure the
parameters for the water quality with 95% confidence level. Phosphate levels were
reported higher than the standard DENR issued (0.05 -1.0mg/L) recommended Class
C (aquaculture purpose) waters. Nitrates were recorded inside fish cages which
ranged from 1.76 mg/L to 3.69 mg/L and the values were significantly higher than in
non-aquaculture sites. Total Dissolved Solids concentration were above the usual
1000mg/L which freshwater usually have. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 9.14 which were
similar to the findings of Rosana et al. (2008). Salinity was 0.8-.9 ppt, which is uniform
throughout the entire sampling period in the freshwater body.

31
Figure 13. Average values of the physico-chemical parameters of the water in
aquaculture and non-aquaculture sampling stations in Taal Lake from August 2013-
May 2014.

Figure 13 showed the statistical results of the study of water around Taal Lake.
This includes the industrial and aquaculture sectors that primarily affects the Lake’s
water quality.

32
Fresh Water Biology

33
Figure 14. Freshwater Species in Batangas

34
Marine Biology

Table 11. Philippine Marine Mammals

TAXONOMIC FAMILY SCIENTIFIC COMMON

CLASS NAME NAME

MAMMALS Delphinidae Stenella Pantropical

attenuata spotted dolphin

Delphinidae Stenella Spinner dolphin

longirostris

Delphinidae Tursiops Bottlenose

truncatus dolphin

Table 11 classifies the mammals that were listed in DENR Administrative Order
No. 2004-15. The information states the species and family and its scientific name.

35
4.3. The Air

Meteorology

The region falls under Climate Type I of the modified Corona Classification of
Philippine climate (Flores and Balagot,1963). This is characterized into two seasons
which are wet or rainy and dry. Rainy season lasts for 4 months when the southwest
monsoon prevails and dry season lasts from 3 to 7 months which is depicted in figure
15.

Figure 15. Average monthly rainfall in Batangas City

Minimum, maximum and mean temperatures of the city were also conducted and
shown in figure 16.

36
Figure 16. Maximum, mean, and minimum air temperatures

The region has a max. temperature of 29.30 ºC in April and has a steady fall of
temperature by 26 ºC with the driest months from January to April. The average
monthly rainfall is less than 50mm per month.

Air Quality

According to Batangas air quality index and PM2.5 air pollution, the region
experiences Moderate quality that poses little health risk and it is recorded by AirVisual
depicted in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Air Quality Index Batangas Area

37
Noise

Noise in Batangas, Philippines were recorded to be low according to Numbeo that

provides data for pollution in the region. Stated in figure 18 is the pollution index of
Philippines as a whole and in figure 19 the pollution rate index of Batangas.

Figure 18. Pollution Index of Philippines

Figure 19. Pollution, Purity and Cleanliness Index of Batangas

Figure 19 states the Noise Pollution in Batangas has a low value which means that
the air is safe and integrated for industrial and commercial areas affected.

4.4. The People

The project site consist mostly of trees and no family are mostly located within the
park. Affected people would be coming from manpower of every companies and some
consumers. For identification and delineate distribution of ecological habitats found

38
within the Project area. Habitat types, including people and animals, were identified
initially by referring to the latest available aerial photographs. Field surveys were
undertaken to ground focusing particularly on those area would be affected by the
proposed development directly. The aerial view is given below:

Figure 20. Aerial View of LISP III

The toxic chemicals found in fertilizers can be absorbed into the plants and enter
the food chain via vegetables and cereals. However, the largest health risk is when
the chemicals flow into ground water, which is then extracted for drinking. The effect
of products and raw materials utilized by our process is discussion in the Hazard
Identification table along with its mitigation plan in the Environmental Mitigation Plan.

39
 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Extensive production and use of fertilizers have contributed to soil acidification,

eutrophication of surface waters, pollution of aquifers, and increased emissions of
ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (notably N2O, CO2, and CH4) to the atmosphere.

5.1. Impact Management Plan

The production of nitric acid release different NOx compounds from the reaction
of ammonia with air and water and NO. This would have an impact to the production
of regulated gas pollutants by the DENR. Another important thing is the regulation of
release of phosphate and nitrogen as it can cause eutrophication.

NO Controlling Plan

The controlling plan of NO focuses on the utilization of humid air method. In this
method, water vapor is mixed in the combustion air before supplying it to the cylinder.
Air from the T/C blower is passed through a cell that humidifies and chills the hot air
taking moisture from the cooling water until air saturation is achieved. Generally saline
sea water is utilized in this method by heating it with jacket water and turbo charger
heat, and the left-over brine is disposed back to the sea. This method can achieve
reduction of NOx by 70-80%.

Control Strategy

 Determine priority pollutants. The pollutants of concern for a specific location

will be based on health effects and the severity of the air quality problem in that
area.
 Identify measures to control sources of pollution.
 Develop a control strategy and plan that incorporates the control measures.
The written plan should include implementation dates. The plan will need to
include reference to the requirements that owners or operators of emission
sources will need to undertake to reduce pollution contributing to the air quality
problems.

40
  Compliance and enforcement programs are also very important to
include. These programs help owners or operators of sources understand the
requirements, as well as the actions that environmental authorities can take if
the sources don’t comply.
 Involve the public. Invite input from the regulated community and others,
including the general public when developing the control strategy. This early
consultation reduces later challenges and can help streamline implementation.

Wastewater Treatment

The wastewater treatment facility was assumed to be working on secondary

treatment alone since no grits and other unnecessary solids are present in the
wastewater. SBR/ Sequential Batch Reactor was used for this treatment. The
sequencing batch reactor was developed in the early 1900’s but did not become
popular until reliable and cost-effective mechanical equipment and digital controls
became available in the late 1970’s. The SBR is a fill-and-draw system. In this system,
wastewater is added to the reactor, treated to remove undesirable components, and
then discharged. For larger flows, two or more tanks can be used in an alternating
sequence. SBR systems consist of several treatment phases that make up a complete
treatment cycle. Most systems operate from between 3 and 6 cycles per day. Our
Sabre package sequencing batch reactor (SBR) plants are typically provided in buried
fiberglass tanks designed to be out of sight and out of mind.

Eutrophication and Its Control

The cultural eutrophication process consists of a continuous increase in the

contribution of nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus (organic load) until it
exceeds the capacity of the water body (i.e. the capacity of a lake, river or sea to purify
itself), triggering structural changes in the waters.

These structural changes mainly depend on 3 factors:

 Use of fertilizers: Agricultural practices and the use of fertilizers in the soil
contribute to the accumulation of nutrients

41
  Discharge of wastewater into water bodies: In various parts of the world, and
particularly in developing countries, wastewater is discharged directly into
water bodies such as rivers, lakes and seas.
 Reduction of self-purification capacity: Over the years, lakes accumulate large
quantities of solid material transported by the water (sediments).

The main control mechanism of the eutrophic process is based on

prevention techniques, namely removal of the nutrients that are introduced into
water bodies from the water. It would be sufficient to reduce the concentrations of
one of the two main nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), in particular phosphorus
which is considered to be the limiting factor for the growth of algae, acting on
localized loads (loads associated with waste water) and widespread loads
(phosphorus loads determined by diffuse sources such as land and rain).

The following activities shall be done by NAPKA Inc. to comply with its
prevention and mitigation:

 Have a planting activity in the company which plant vegetation along

streambeds to slow erosion and absorb nutrients;

 Controlling release of Nutrient wastewater with the use of PBR along with
maintenance and improvement;

 Implementation of effective filter ecosystems to remove nitrogen and

phosphorus present in the run-off water;
 Improvement of the purifying performance of wastewater treatment plants,
installing tertiary treatment systems to reduce nutrient concentrations; and
 Continuous researching in the use of biological controls; for example, the
process of denitrification uses specialized bacteria that convert nitrates to
harmless molecular nitrogen.

Emergency Response Policy and Generic Guidelines

A. Upon discovering Fire or spill of any kind immediately alert all people on site.
If necessary, manually set off alarm.
B. Fire - Fight the fire only if can be done safely

42
 C. Spill – If spill can be safely contained, put on proper clean-up clothing and limit
spill
D. Contact Site Emergency Coordinator or alternate to call local Fire Department
(911) Site Emergency Coordinator: Kent Wood
E. Assess the situation (better to overreact where not sure):
 Severity – nature, size and extent of the situation
 Urgency – potential to escalate quickly
 Threat – effects or risk of damage may become significant
 Impact – effects to people, the environment, property, or Cavendish
F. At discretion of Site Emergency Coordinator or if unsure, evacuate property to
designated gathering area (Kensington Agri Services office) and perform head
count.
G. Follow Cavendish Agri Emergency Response Tree 8. Upon notification or if
necessary, proceed to begin notifying Emergency Contact List

Continuing Response

o Evacuate premises to an up-wind location

o Follow instruction from Site Emergency Coordinator
o Employees with First Aid training to treat injured persons
o Await arrival and direction from emergency responders before turning off
utilities if no emergency shut-off installed
o Prepare command post and begin notifying necessary people
o Do not re-enter until Site Emergency Coordinator has given “All-Clear”

Emergency Contacts:

The emergency contacts are based on the most reliable and closest
department in Batangas.

Department Landline
Mayor's Action Center 723-1511 / 723-2930
Fire Department (043) 301-7996
Local Police (043) 725-2125

43
BFP Batangas City 301-7996
(Telefax) 723-7299
Alangilan Substation 702-1973
PNP Batangas City (Office) 723-2030
980-0382
HOTLINES 980-0340
723-7500
Chief of Police 723-2434
Traffic Division 723-2476
Investigation Division 300-0230
Property Division 723-2066
HOSPITALS
Batangas Medical Center 740-8307
St. Patrick’s Hospital & Medical Center (Admitting) 723-1605
(Emergency Room) 723-2387
723-4144
Jesus of Nazareth Hospital (Trunk line) 723-2918
300-3645
(Emergency Room) 723-4608
Golden Gate General Hospital 341-3112
MERALCO - All Departments 723-6432
All Departments 723-6431
Collection 723-3872
Billing 723-1933
National Power Corporation – (National Highway) 723-4357
Bolbok 723-3386
PrimeWater Batangas City 09178966930/09494142633
City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
702-3902
Office
LTO Batangas City 740-9738

44
For Environmental Spills: (Land/Building)

Dept of Environment: (043) 743 4399

For the technical and administrative duties that help with Emergency Management
Programs for institutions such as municipalities, private companies, and government
agencies, Emergency Coordinator was hired for the company.

Duties of the Emergency Coordinators:

o Take charge and coordinate all activities until the emergency response team
arrive
o Confirm the emergency, determine immediate response, and contact
responders
o Ensure the proper Company contacts and Industrial/Corporate Security are
advised of the emergency as soon as practical. Industrial Security is to be focal
point of information.
o Greet responders and identify hazards and present Emergency Response Plan
o Inform responders of all dangerous and hazardous materials, where they are,
and how much there is.
o Responsible for designating someone to inform surrounding
homes/businesses
o Responsible for ensuring no visitors, deliveries, public or media enter the site
o Responsible for giving the “All Clear” to employees
o Responsible for completing the Internal and External Incident reports complete
with pictures and timelines.

Site Emergency Equipment Listing

Equipment On-Site Location

Fire Extinguishers Admin Building; Process Rooms Emergency
Box
Spill Kits Clinic
Security System Admin Building
Heat Detection Process Rooms Emergency Box
Eye Wash Station Admin Building; Process

45
 Emergency Showers Process Rooms Emergency Box
Respirators Laboratories
Safety Glasses Process Rooms Emergency Box
Rubber Gloves Process Rooms Emergency Box
Emergency Lightings Process Rooms Emergency Box
Flashlights Process Rooms Emergency Box

Emergency Response Plan

1. Notify the Emergency Site Coordinator or Alternate

2. Ensure everyone involved in clean-up has reviewed MSDS, wear proper PPE

3. If it cannot be contained by employees, immediately engage Emergency Response

4. Rope off the affected area and do not let anyone inside without reviewing MSDS. This
includes Fire and Police departments, Contractors, etc.

5. Any exposure should be treated immediately. Paramedics must be made aware of that
they are dealing with.

6. If spill enters water, ditch, drain, or manhole, immediately notify local Environmental
Agency.

If Liquid Spill:

o Contaminated grounds should be dug at minimum of 3-4” in depth.

o Contaminated floors should be surrounded with absorbent. Work the
absorbent toward the center using a stiff broom and shovel.
o All contaminated tools, clothing, and other non-damaged chemicals are to
be exposed of in a proper container. Follow all local disposal laws.

If Solid Spill:

o Do not spray with water even to control dust and air-born material
o If wind is a factor cover with a tarp Decontamination:
o Use manufacturers suggested methods of decontaminating the area once
clean-up complete. This may include Clorox or soda ash.
o Be prepared to repeat contamination procedures 2-3 times.

46
Response Training Test

All Employees of NAPKA Inc. are to review the Company Safety Manual and
are required to use this document as a reference as required. The NAPKA Inc.
Safety Manual in located on the company intranet site.

o All Employees of NAPKA Inc are to be trained annually in Emergency

Response Plan.
o Records of this training are to be kept in the Employee Training files.
o Employees are also to be trained on the location of MSDS, PPE, Spill Kits
and Decontamination equipment.
o NAPKA Inc. also has related Standard Operating Procedures that assist in
reducing risk and assisting our employees in being prepared for an
unplanned event. Ensure employees are trained in:
 Electrical Safety
 Contractor Safety
 Security
 Visitor Logs
 Working at Heights
 Pesticide Handling
 Housekeeping
 Off-Site Safety
 Powered Mobile Equipment
 Electrical systems are to be inspected monthly by our employees
and as required by third parties.
 Heat detection, alarm systems, and sprinkler systems are all to be
tested as required.
o Facility Security is to be audited multiple times per year both internally and
by third party.
o Drills and mock events are to be held at this facility periodically. Details are
to be attached or available upon request.

47
 Abandonment/Decommissioning/Rehabilitation Policies and Generic
Guidelines

It is expected the life capacity of the proposed facility will be a minimum of 20 years.
At some point it is understood the proposed facility will be decommissioned at the end
of its service life. At that time the site will be decommissioned in accordance with the
applicable standards, guidelines and regulations for that period.

5.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan

During the construction period of NAPKA Inc, project manager will conduct regular
environmental monitoring site inspections to ensure all construction components
adhere to the provincial and federal regulations and codes as well as the
procedures/controls outlined in the contractors Environmental Protection Plan.

Regular environmental monitoring for any agriculture fertilizer product spills

outside the storage structures with clean-up procedures followed as per NAPKA’s on-
site management. Based on the information obtained during the completion of the EIA,
it can be concluded that the potential environmental effects of the proposed project on
all valued environmental components would not be significant during the construction,
operation and maintenance of the proposed facility with the planned mitigation and
monitoring elements in place. Consequently, it is recommended that the proposed
project should proceed as described and outlined in this report.

Self-Monitoring Plan

Environmental self-monitoring by industrial operators is an important element of

environmental management. An important challenge will be to tie the reform of self-
monitoring with permitting reforms. Mirroring the necessity for permitting reforms, a
differentiated scope of self-monitoring needs to be introduced for large industries and
small and medium-sized industries (SMEs); for the latter, self-monitoring requirements
could be part of general binding rules. In the same vein, competent authorities need
to allow for a longer validity of self-monitoring program, with the possibility to amend
them when necessary. The introduction of post-closure requirements is also
necessary. General risk assessment is one of the first steps in such plan.

48
 General risk assessment concludes that we are at risk of experiencing several
unwanted events. These include:

o Fire
o Major Injury
o Chemical Spills
o Theft
o Natural Disasters
o Vandalism

Benefits of environmental self-monitoring Despite a mandatory character that

differentiates self-monitoring from voluntary environmental management systems, this
instrument combines public and private interests. Its primary goal is to ensure the
earliest possible response to any environmental problem occurring because of
malfunctions in production processes and, at the same time, reduce public spending
on governmental compliance monitoring.

Self-monitoring data can provide a basis for verification of compliance with legal
requirements and enforcement, and for calculation of environmental or administrative
charges. They also help to optimize national, regional, and local ambient monitoring
systems, and establish priorities for inspection. For the regulated community, reliable
data on emissions, and the environmental impact of their production, can be significant
from an economic viewpoint. For example, such data can help to better identify and
reduce environment-related costs (that can be as high as 30 per cent of operational
costs in some branches), and minimise environmental liabilities. Disclosure of facility-
specific data and their comparison between enterprises within the same industrial
sector, or with international benchmarks, can further indicate where cost-savings are
possible. Furthermore, access to other companies’ facility-specific data can build trust
within industries that the government is targeting to ensure a level playing field.

Hazard Identification

These items are listed at their planned peak quantity and may not exist at this site
at all times or at these levels. The exact location can be found in the Site Plan. A complete
Chemical inventory listing is attached.

49
Raw Material/Product Quantity in MT per year Hazard
Ammonia 11,542 decompose at high
temperatures forming very
flammable hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen dioxide
Phosphate Rock 30,392 Negligible fire hazard when
exposed to heat or flame.

Thermal decomposition
may release
toxic/hazardous gases.

Particulate matter may

irritate and damage the
eyes.
KCl 7,528 Particulate matter may
irritate and damage the
eyes.
CNTH 70,260 Not combustible but
enhances combustion of
other substances.
Risk of fire and explosion
on contact with combustible
substances.
NPK 32,825 This product is not
dangerous if handled
accordingly. Nevertheless,
the following aspects will be
taken into consideration:

Skin contact: may cause

irritation in case of
prolonged contact

50
 Eye contact: may cause
irritation in case of
prolonged or repeated
contact Ingestion

Inhalation: large quantities

of dust containing this
product may cause irritation
of the nose and airways; the
symptoms include sore
throat and cough.
Quartz 2,747 Particulate matter may
irritate and damage the
eyes.

May cause slight irritation

as a "foreign object".
Tearing, blinking and mild
temporary pain may occur
as particles are rinsed from
the eye by tears.

Confined Spaces

In the event of an injury while an employee is working at heights, the following

steps shall be taken by the Site Emergency Coordinator or Alternate:

o Ensure the employee is at no further risk of injury or fall

o Call the local Fire Station and inform them of a required rescue at heights
and the estimated height. Also indicate the type of injury.
o Call the local Paramedics or Ambulance Service to be on site for treatment.
o Inform Senior Management of Cavendish Agri Services and Industrial
Security.

51
Containment Plan

Prior to attempting any clean-up, ensure:

o Safely stop the leak or spill from continuing, use sandbags or dike if
required
o Review the MSDS sheet
o Under no circumstances is a spill to be washed off pavement, road or
property with water into a drain, knowingly or unknowingly.

Multi-sectorial Monitoring Framework

The framework of the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system in NAPKA Inc. is
structured to include Impact, Outcome, Output, Process and Input Assessments. The
national M&E system will monitor impact, outcome and some output while the
programmatic monitoring will include some outcome, process and input monitoring.
We specifically assessed 5 component strategies which includes:

Component 1: Enabling environment

Component 2: Prevention

Component 3: Access to treatment, care & support services

Component 4: Impact mitigation services

Component 5: Integrated & coordinated program management at all levels

Hydrology Monitoring

Local hydrology shall be regularly monitored during the span of the project. Long-
term monitoring is necessary to ensure minimum impacts on the bodies of waters. For
surface waters such as rivers the following are the variables for monitoring:

Siltation and sediment

 Toxicity
 BOD
 pH
 TSS

52
  Volume Discharge Existing use of river systems at drainage outfalls should be
noted to determine the possible sources of anthropogenic pollutants.

The hydrology at siltation sections and pollution point sources should also be
appraised. The following techniques of intermittent monitoring can be considered:

• Laboratory analysis of spot samples. A spot sample is an instantaneous sample

taken from the sampling point; the quantity of sample taken must be enough to
provide a detectable amount of the emission parameter. The sample is then
analyzed in the laboratory, which provides a spot result, which is representative
only of the time at which the sample was taken;
• Laboratory analysis of samples taken by fixed, in-situ, on-line samplers. These
samplers withdraw samples continuously and collect them individually in
containers. From this container a portion is then analyzed, giving a mean
concentration over the total volume accumulated in the container. The amount of
sample withdrawn can be proportional to time or to flow;
 Express analysis used for periodic campaigns. In order to conduct express
analysis, portable equipment is carried to and set up at the measurement location.
Normally a probe is introduced at an appropriate measurement port to sample the
stream and analyze it in situ. They are appropriate for checking and also for
calibration;
• Check lists of operation and maintenance of monitoring and other relevant
equipment. Direct measurements should be carried out in accordance with the
standard methods indicated for intermittent or continuous measurements in the
permit or the self-monitoring programme. If standardized measurement methods
do not yet exist for certain parameters, measurements can be carried out where
possible in accordance with the generally accepted measurement practice.

Determination of the timing requirements

Several timing considerations are relevant for setting monitoring requirements in

permits, the main ones being:

• Time when samples and/or measurements are taken;

• Averaging time;
• Frequency.

53
 In general, the description of the ELV in the permit (in terms of, e.g., total amount
and peaks) is the basis for setting up the monitoring timing requirements. These
requirements and associated compliance monitoring must be clearly defined and indicated
in the permit so as to avoid ambiguity. The monitoring timing requirements expressed in
the permit mostly depend on the type of process and more specifically on the emission
patterns. When the emission is subject to random or systematic variations, statistical
parameters including means, standard deviations, maxima, and minima provide only
estimates of the true values. In general, the uncertainty decreases as the number of
samples increases. The magnitude and duration of changes may determine the monitoring
timing requirements. The determination of the timing requirements (time, averaging time,
frequency, etc.) for ELVs and related monitoring also needs to take into account the
following factors:

• The time during which harm may occur to the environment;

• The variations of the process, i.e. how long it runs in different modes;
• The time needed to obtain statistically representative information;
• The response time of any instrument involved.

Coastal Ecosystem Monitoring

Monitoring of the coastal ecosystem should be done annually in designated

monitoring stations to evaluate the following variables:

 Nutrient waste
 Sediment
 Hazardous elements
 Water biology, bacteriology and inorganic constituents
 Species survival

Atmosphere Monitoring

Suspended particles, odor, noise level, gas and wind direction and velocity, and
gaseous emissions are the parameters pertaining to atmospheric condition to be
evaluated quarterly in designated monitoring stations. Monitoring may be done using
visual inspection.

54
Emission factors

Emission factors are numbers that can be multiplied by an activity rate or by

throughput data from a facility (such as the production output, water consumption, etc.) in
order to estimate the emissions from the facility. They are used under the assumption that
all industrial units of the same product line have similar emission patterns. These factors
are widely used for determination of charges at small installations.

Emission factors are generally derived through the testing of certain process
equipment (e.g. boilers using a particular fuel type). This information can be used to relate
the quantity of material emitted to some general measure of the scale of activity (e.g. for
boilers, emission factors are generally based on the quantity of fuel consumed or the
energy content of the fuel fed into the boiler). In the absence of other information, the
literature values of emission factors can be used to provide an estimate of the emissions.
Emission factors require “activity data”, which are combined with the emission factor to
generate the emission estimates. The formula for calculation of emissions is the following

𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 × 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒂

Emission factors developed from measurements for a specific process may

sometimes be used to estimate emissions at other sites specifically the emission of
NO in NAPKA’s case. If a company has several processes of similar operation and
size, and emissions are measured from one process source, an emission factor can
be developed and applied to similar sources in this situation.

Anthropological Concerns

People’s activities and attitudes are the controllable parameters to avert bodies of
water degradation and depletion of the resources. The following are people-centered
interests and activities where water and environmental resource soundness depend:

 Waste disposal attitudes

 Honesty and Discipline in rules and regulations
 Socio-economic interest – employment, industries and other business
 Public safety – hazards identification caused by the project

55
Project Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation measures and assessment of project performance in

order to manage more effectively the achievement of the project shall be executed. These
will enhance the objective of the project, the planning and allocating of resources as well
as the validation of results as part of the accountability of the LGU to the stakeholders.
Moreover, the activities will facilitate project implementation and expedite problem-solving.
With the project objective of addressing the flooding problem in the Study Area, the flood
control project should be the first and foremost interest of monitoring and evaluation.
Hence, health and living condition (free from floods) of the beneficiaries as well as the
quality of the receiving bodies of water must be assured. The parameters that should be
monitored may include, among others, the following:

• Stability and operation of the flood control structures

• Reduction of incidence of diseases related to stagnant water
• Occurrence, severity and duration of flooding

Composition of Monitoring Team

During the implementation of the proposed project, a Multi-Partite Monitoring Team

(MMT) shall be established composed of officials of relevant government agencies,
Contractor, Consultants and Local Government Units. The necessary funds for the
operation of the MMT shall have to be appropriated accordingly by the DPWH in the
project cost.

Reporting Requirement

During the pre-construction and construction stages, the construction supervision

consultants (if these will be procured), the Environmental Management Specialist
assigned in the project, on a monthly basis, shall prepare the monitoring report. During
the operation of the project, the LGU Environmental and Natural Resources Officer
shall prepare the monitoring report on a quarterly basis. These reports, together with
the results of the environment-monitoring program shall be submitted by the contractor
to the DPWH-ESSO and the DENR-EMB. An appropriate data management and
information system shall be developed to facilitate storage, processing and retrieval of
data and information.

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Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Fund Commitment

NAPKA’s operational policies and guidelines are tailored towards the need to
timely and appropriately meet the needs, wants and requirements of DENR while
managing inherent risks effectively. To this end, NAPKA always strives to ensure that
its products and services are always relevant. NAPKA’s operations in this regard have
a DENR Orientation and are anchored on sound and efficient credit processes.

NAPKA uses Fund & Portfolio Monitoring app for fund monitoring. 4 features of
fund monitoring were included in such app which gives end user the ability to analyze
all key financial, operational and performance data of the fund. The model produces
key statistics such as ROI, DPI, TPVI, and IRR for underlying funds’ investments and
their portfolio companies / properties. Listed below are the 4 features of such
application:

1. Analysis by Coverage Personnel

 Analyze key metrics over time for all General Partners Covered (i.e.
Commitment, Unfunded Commitment, Contributions, Distributions, NAV, TVPI,
DPI, RVPI)

2. Portfolio Company Analysis

 View key portfolio company statistics over time (Shares Outstanding, Cost,
Market Value, etc.)

 Analyze fund exposure value by external underlying fund and internal

investment fund

3. Workflow / Approvals / Audit Trail

 Track day to day processes via process checklists and approvals

4. Cross-Functional Collaboration

 Front office team can track financial metrics, relationship information, and static
data

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  Operations, Finance and Accounting can pierce through data to deliver rapid
requests to other stakeholders (i.e. Compliance, Investors, Management, Front
Office)

5.3. Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation

During the operation of the project, the office designated to handle the operation
and maintenance shall be responsible in ensuring that provisions stipulated in the ECC
and the EMP are followed. To ensure the effective environmental management of the
project, all participating parties must know their responsibilities related to the
protection of environmental, biological, and socioeconomic resources and be
committed in implementing appropriate measures to fulfill these responsibilities.

The establishment of yet another new body should always be avoided if possible.
Existing institutional arrangements are not providing the degree of co-ordination and
integration needed for the proper environmental management of NAPKA Inc and its
process. In the circumstances, the study proposes establishment of a body referred to
as a “Conservancy”, which is a recognized forum of stakeholders and a body that can
execute the decisions of the forum. The main strategy of the Institutional Plan is thus
“establishment of a Conservancy”.

The agency (DPWH) shall closely coordinate with the contractor to ensure that
provisions in the environmental program are effectively implemented. Regular inspection
of the working area shall be conducted. During the operation of the project, the office
designated to handle the operation and maintenance shall be responsible in ensuring that
provisions stipulated in the ECC and the EMP are followed. To ensure the effective
environmental management of the project, all participating parties must know their
responsibilities related to the protection of environmental, biological, and socioeconomic
resources and be committed in implementing appropriate measures to fulfill these
responsibilities. The Contractor’s plan to minimize construction impacts to the environment
must include the following:

Engineering Works

• Comprehensive review of the project plans and specifications before construction

and during construction.

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• Evaluation works during the dry months of the year. The contractor must adjust the
time schedules in order to harmonize with the climate of the are as this will affect
the quality of fertilizer
• Provision of a safe and healthy workplace that must be equipped with proper
sanitation systems for the workers. I-94 JICA CTI Engineering International Co.,
Ltd.
• Drafting a waste management plan for the camp and whole construction area.

Labor Force Mobilization Activities

• Dealing with disorderly conduct of workers that are detrimental to the

environment, like poaching, illegal cutting of trees, and others.
• Orientation on the local people’s culture, norms and taboos, to promote
respect of culture among the migrant workers.
• Ensure the construction of temporary housing camps in already disturbed
areas to lessen pressure on the vegetation and fauna.

Occupational Health and Safety

• Provide a safe and healthy workplace equipped with proper sanitation

systems especially for migrant workers.
• Provide worker’s safety instructions in the workplace and appropriate
equipment for the job to avoid hazards that may occur at any time.
• Provide precautionary measures necessary to protect workers and
property.
• Ensure that workers have undergone proper training and briefing regarding
the nature of their job.
• Comply with the requirements and standards set by the Philippine
Occupational Safety and Health Standards

Outline of the Institutional Plan

The committee would meet frequently (perhaps monthly) and would direct the work
of the executive. Apart from guiding the regular management of NAPKA Inc, such a

59
 forum would clearly facilitate dialogue on major planning issues, which in the past has
been lacking.

There are many management issues to be addressed in the wetland. Some of

them are already being managed effectively by existing institutions. Some are not
being managed at all. An overview of the whole management picture indicates that the
issues which could best be handled by a single management body (conservancy) are
as follows:

 Protection, restoration, and enhancement of the environment

 Elaboration of regulations or guidelines on process
 Environmental education and public awareness on both employees and costumers
(e.g. education center, interpretation boards, events, etc.).
 Information and communication (signboards, newsletter, website, notices to
mariners, etc.).
 Agriculture (control of pesticide and fertilizer use, control of encroachment).
 Development planning and development control, including implementation of
zonation.

Summary of Proposed Institutional Plan for Implementation

Sub-Components Proposed Executing Organization

Projects/Measures
Establishment of NAPKA Establishment of NAPKA DOE; DENR;
Inc. Conservancy Inc. Department Municipalities; NGOs;
Annual NAPKA Inc. Forum LGUs
Capacity Development In-country cross-sectoral
training
Apprenticeship trainings
Overseas exchange visits

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 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES

2004 statistics on Philippine protected areas and wildlife resources. (2004). Quezon City:

Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau.

AirVisual | Air quality information you can trust. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.airvisual.com/

G The state of water resources in the Philippines - Greenpeace. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/Global/seasia/report/2007/10/the-state-of-water-in-

the-phil.pdf

Home. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://philsciletters.org/

Journal Of Experimental Biology and Agriculture Sciences. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.jebas.org/

Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office IV-A - Geosciences Division, 8/F DENR

by the Bay Building 1515, Roxas Blvd., Ermita, Manila (2019). (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.govserv.org/PH/Manila/1672064089731897/Mines-and-Geosciences-

Bureau-Regional-Office-IV-A---Geosciences-Division

National Fisheries Research and Development Institute ... (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.nfrdi.da.gov.ph/

Physical & Geographical Aspects | Welcome to Batangas City. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://batangascity.gov.ph/bats2/?page_id=129

Pollution in Batangas. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.numbeo.com/

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Revised Procedural Manual DAO 03-30. (2016). Retrieved from http://eia.emb.gov.ph/wp-

content/uploads/2016/06/Revised-Procedural-Manual-DAO-03-30.pdf

Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia through Meaningful Partnerships. (n.d.).

Retrieved from http://www.pemsea.org/

Team, M. (n.d.). Batangas Map - Satellite Images of Batangas. Retrieved from

http://www.maplandia.com/philippines/region-4/batangas/batangas/

WOWBatangas.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wowbatangas.com/

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 7. ANNEXES

7.1. Scoping Checklist

7.2. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of Proponent
7.3. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of IEE Preparer
7.4. Baseline Study Support Information

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