1

a. Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and
change of matter.[1][2] Chemistry includes topics such as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms
form chemical bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances
through intermolecular forces that give matter its general properties, and the interactions between
substances through chemical reactions to form different substances
b. Ang kimika,[1] (pang-uri: kemikal) kemistri, o kapnayan ang tawag sa agham tungkol sa
mga elemento at compound (kumpwesto) at kung ano ang gawain ng mga ito. Ito ang pag-aaral ng mga
bagay na bumubuo sa ating katawan at ng mundong ating ginagalawan. Tinatawag na kemiko ang
taong nagpakadalubhasa sa kemika, bagaman tumuturing din ang sa kemiko mga sustansiyang
kemikal.[1
c. Photosynthesis Is a Reaction To Make Food.
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Is a Reaction With Oxygen.
Combustion Is a Type of Chemical Reaction.
Rust Is a Common Chemical Reaction.
Mixing Chemicals Causes Chemical Reactions.
Batteries Are Examples of Electrochemistry.
2.
a. An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical
element.[1] Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are
very small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short
scale).[2] However, atoms do not have well-defined boundaries, and there are different ways
to define their size that give different but close values.
b. ang atomo (Griyegong ἄτομος o atomos na may kahulugang "hindi mahahati"[1]) o mulapik[2] ay
pinakamaliit na partikula na nagbibigay katangian sa isang elementong kimikal. Ang atomo ay
binubuo ng isang siksik na nukleyo ng mga proton na may positibong karga at mga neutron na may
neutral na karga, at nababalot ng isang mas malaking ulap dagisik (elektron) na may negatibong
karga. Neutral ang isang atomo kapag ang bilang ng mga proton at dagisik ay pareho.
c. hydrogen, helium, lithium, manganese, and boron atoms. A large amount of atoms of the same
substance are elements.
3.
a. Molecules are made up of atom s that are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result
of the sharing or exchange of electron s among atoms. The atoms of certain elements readily bond with
other atoms to form molecules. Examples of such elements are oxygen and chlorine.
b. Ang agham (mula sa Sanskrito: आगम [āgama]) o siyensiya (mula sa Kastila: Ciencia) ay kapwa ang proseso
sa pagtamo ng kaalaman at ang organisadong bahagi ng kaalaman na natamo sa pamamagitan ng
pamamaraan nito. Ang prosesong makaagham (scientific process) ay ang sistematikong pagtamo ng
bagong kaalaman tungkol sa isang sistema. Karaniwan, ang pamamaraang makaagham (scientific method)
ay ang sistematikong pagtamo, at ang kalikasan at iba't ibang bahagi nito ang siyang sistema. Ang agham
ay itinuturing din na ang makaagham na kaalaman na sistemikong natamo ng makaagham.

c. 2 (nitrogen)
O3 (ozone)
CaO (calcium oxide)
C6H12O6 (glucose, a type of sugar)
4.

a. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the
element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron. If you
change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is.
b. Ang elementong kemikal o kapnayaning mulangkap ay isang kalipunan ng mga atom na may
natatanging bilang ng proton sa nucleus. Ang bilang na ito ay tinatawag na numero atomiko ng
elemento. Halimbawa, ang lahat ng atom na may 6 na proton sa kanyang nucleus ay atom ng
elementong karbon, at ang lahat ng mga atom na may 92 proton sa kanilang nucleus ay atom ng
elementong uranium.
c. , element 1 is hydrogen, element 2 is helium, element 3 is lithium, element 8 is oxygen, etc.
5.
a. A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically
bonded together. Two types of chemical bonds common in compoundsare covalent bonds and
ionic bonds. The elements in any compound are always present in fixed ratios.
b. Ang kompuwestong kimikal o chemical compound ay isang kemikal na sustansiya na binuo mula sa
dalawa o higit pang elementong kimikal, na may tiyak na proporsyon na nagtatakda sa kayarian nito
at pinagsasama sa isang inilarawang kaayusang pang-espasyo ng mga kawing kimikal .
c. Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) formed by combination of carbon and oxygen. ...
Common salt (NaCl), which has the chemical name of sodium chloride and is composed
of sodium and chlorine.
Alcohol (C6H5OH) is an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
6.
a. a mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but
are not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more
substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form
of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
b. Sa kimika , ang isang timpla ay isang sangkap na ay binubuo ng dalawa o higit pang mas simple
sangkap. Ang mga sangkap ay maaaring maging kemikal na elemento ocompounds .
c. mga likido , solids , o gases ./ liquids, solids, or gases.