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Chapter 18: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

 Intro- bacteriophages, Escherichia coli (E. coli), model systems,

18.1 A virus has a genome but can reproduce only within a host cell
 Structure of Viruses – nucleic acids, protein coat, membranous envelope,
double or single-stranded DNA or RNA, DNA virus, RNA virus, capsid
(capsomere), influenza virus, viral envelope, bacteriophages (phages)
 General Features of Viral Reproductive Cycles- obligate intracellular
parasites, host cell, host range
 Reproductive Cycles of Phages- lytic cycle, virulent phage, restriction
enzymes, lysogenic cycle, prophage, temperate phage
 Reproductive Cycles of Animal Viruses- glycoproteins, retroviruses,
reverse transcriptase, provirus
 Evolution of Viruses

Concept Check 1,2,3

18.2 Viruses, viroids, and prions are formidable pathogens in animals and plants
 Viral Diseases in Animals- vaccines, pathogenic, pathogens, Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
 Viral Diseases in Plants
 Viroids and Prions: The Simplest Infectious Agents- viroids, prions,
infectious proteins, mad cow disease

Concept Check 1,3

18.3 Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination contribute to the genetic
diversity of bacteria
 The Bacterial Genome and Its Repliction- circular DNA, plasmids, binary
fission
 Mutation and Genetic Recombination as Sources of Genetic Variation-
recombination
 Mechanisms of Gene Transfer and Genetic Recombination in Bacteria-
transformation, Streptococcus pneumoniae, transduction, conjugation, sex
pilus, F plasmid, R plasmid
 Transposition of Genetic Elements- transposable elements, “jumping
genes”, transposons

Concept Check 1
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18.4 Individual bacteria respond to environmental change by regulating their gene

expression
 Intro- regulation of enzyme activity, regulation of enzyme production,
operons, operator, promoter, repressor, corepressor, trp operon
 Repressible and Inducible Operons – repressible operon, repressor,
inducible operon, inducer, lac operon
 Positive Gene Regulation

Concept Check 1,2

Testing Your Knowledge 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10