SEMISTER: 1 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS SECTION: C

SEMISTER: 1 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS SECTION: C

COMPUTER:

Computer is an electronic device that accepts the data and instructions as input, stores
the data, processes the data according to the instructions and gives back information/result in the form
of output.

Data:

The collection of facts and figures in raw form is called data. OR

Data is an Un processed form of facts and figures. OR

Anything that is in unorganized and meaningless form, from which we can not make
decision is called data.

TYPES OF DATA:

1. Textual data.
1. Alphabetic data. (A,B,C…Z)
2. Numeric data. (0,1,2,3…9)
3. Special character. (*,@,$,!... ETC)
4. Alpha numeric data. (House # 41

2. Graphical data:
5. Audio data.
6. Vedio data.

INFORMATION:

Processed form of data is called information. OR

The organized and meaningful form of data from which we can make decision is called
information.

PROCESSING:

Conversion of data into information is called processing.

SEMISTER: 1 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS SECTION: C

COMPUTER HARDWARE:

Physical component in a computer system to which we can see and touch.

TYPES OF HARDWARE:

1. Input and Output devices.

2. Memory.
3. Processor,
4. Secondary storage devices.

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES:

INPUT DEVICES:

Input devices accept the data from outside world and convert the data into computer
acceptable formand supply the transformed form of data to the computer for processing.

1. Mouse.
2. Keyboard.
3. Scanner.
4. Camera.
5. Mike.
6. BCR. (Bar Coad Reader)
7. MICR. (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
8. OMR. (Optical Mark Recognition)

OUTPUT DEVICES:

Output devices get the processed information from the computer and convert it into
the human understandable form and display or carry it to user.

1. Monitor.
2. Speaker.
3. Printer.
4. Fax Machine.
5. Projector.
6. Sound Card.
7. Video Card.
8. GPS.
SEMISTER: 1 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS SECTION: C

Memory:

Memory is any physical device capable of storing data.

TYPES OF MEMORY:

RAM: (Random Access Memory)

It is one of the primary memory of computer system. This is volatile memory, which
means that when power is off the data is lost.

1. Static RAM.
a.
2. DYNAMIC RAM.
a. syncronus