DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY –DASMARIÑAS

Architecture Department

Design
Considerations
On Residential
Planning
Submitted by:

Gesica Kyra C. Lopez

Date Submitted: 09/07/2015

Submitted to:

Arc. Barren Paul S. Del Rosario

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Architecture Department

The designer will perform:

 Analysis of the site
Determine the buildable site area. It will also include review of
architectural styles, massing, environmental issues, and land issues of
adjacent properties.

Massing Types:

 Identifying zoning restrictions

 Locations of utility
 Topography

Residential planning
Residences of all sizes have identifiable elements and sequences
o Entrance

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Architecture Department

The entrance of a home is the place where guests are welcomed and first
impressions established. A dramatic spatial event at the moment of entry can establish the
character of the interior of the house which reflects to the owner. The entrance is where the
transition is made from exterior spaces to interior spaces. This event may require a
transitional space, perhaps somewhat enclosed, as compression before expansion to the
major semipublic areas of the house.

o Circulation
In large houses, it is possible to separate circulation form the rooms served using
devices such as corridors, passageways, foyers, vestibules, and the like. Circulation in
smaller units occurs through, most often living and dining rooms.

o Plan Balance
The plan must be proportional and consistent. A multiple-bedroom dwelling with
living areas too small to accommodate all the occupants is problematic so is the house with
enormous living and dining areas but too few or too small bedrooms. Kitchens, and general
storage, and circulation must also be sized according to the number of occupants.

o Plan and Building Massing

Plan arrangement is related to building massing; by protecting and recessing
adjacent rooms or part of rooms, building mass can be broken down.

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Architecture Department

Similarly, continuous alignment of exterior walls leads to large-scale massing and

elevations in which surface elements, such as windows and textured and colored surface
areas, can be used to compose and adjust scale.

Housing design usually distinguishes between public and semiprivate sides of the dwelling unit.
Dwelling units usually benefit when buildings are designed with a clear front, or public side, and a
back or semiprivate side. Sidedness enables the cultivation of other contrasting characteristics such
as ceremonial/intimate, open/closed, noisy/quiet, ornamented/plane, and urban/pastoral.

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

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Architecture Department

o Distribution
This refers to the proper placement, arrangement and location of each room unit in
relation with each other. For example, dining and kitchen are units interrelated to each
other and should not be far from each other because the interrelationship between the two
which primarily requires accessibility on food servicing.

o Circulation
Circulation of the occupants inside the building should not be shackled by any
obstacles nor detoured as a result of poor planning.

o Light and Ventilation

Artificial ventilation and lighting is very costly to those who cannot afford. There is
no substitute for a good daylight and fresh air entering and circulating inside the building.

Sec. 808 of the National Building Code on windows opening state that: “Every room intended for
any use and not equipped with artificial ventilation system, shall be provided with window or
windows with a total free opening area equal to at least ten percent of the room floor area, and
such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open water courses”

o Sizes, Areas, and Shapes

All rooms are intended for human use, therefore it should be planes according to human scale. The
shape as to plan and elevations should be strictly functional, not fancy in character.

Sec. 808 of the National Building Code on Size and Dimensions of rooms provided that:
“The minimum size of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
a. Room for human habitations shall be 6 square meters with at least dimensions of 2.00
meters
b. Kitchen shall be 3.00 square meters with at least dimension of 1.50 meters.
c. Bath and toilet shall be 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 90 centimeters.

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Architecture Department

o Height
A moderate high ceiling allows fresh air circulations, comfortable atmosphere, and
preserved aesthetic value of the room.

Sec. 807 of the Building Code on Air Space Requirements in determining the size of the rooms
states that:
“The minimum air space shall be provided as follows:
1. Habitable room … 14.00 cu. m. of air space per room.
2. School room ……. 3.00 cu. m. with 1.00 sq. m. of air space per person.
3. Office workshop and facilities … 12 cu. m. of air space per person.

o Electric Layout
o Location of doors

o Clearances
Traffic tolerances in rooms are important especially when numbers of people use
the room and lanes between furniture-group units are uncomfortable

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Architecture Department

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 Standard Measurements of Furniture

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o Zoning
Separate private from public spaces.

o Density and building types

These factors are critical to the developed character of the site and are prescribed by
zoning and by developer preference. Zoning density is typically expressed numerically as
units per acre, along with limitations that often intended to suggest unit type.
Local zoning regulations may include setbacks, minimum lot size, floor area ratio,
permitted land uses, and other restrictions. Subdivision and deed restrictions may also
include development requirements that affect density and building type as well as
accessory buildings.

o Emergency access
Size of emergency equipment, especially fire engines can mandate street width,
turning radius, and access patterns. Access to buildings become an issue at higher densities;
installation of sprinkler systems can often balance equipment access around buildings.
Always consult with the local fire official or planning department in the early stages of
design.

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Architecture Department

Multiple access and single access:

o Security – because projects are sometimes produced and marketed as discrete places,
security considerations can reinforce their hermetic character and prevent integration into
the larger community. At higher densities, this phenomenon can produce gated
communities with limited or single access, card-accessed parking areas, and private police.

o Access – although singular access is frequently desired for marketing and control,
redundant access from exiting automotive and pedestrian networks provides choice and
convenience while reducing concentrations of traffic. Most fire departments and other
authorities having jurisdiction require multiple access to ensure that subdivisions can be
provided with adequate service by emergency vehicles.

o Residential site planning

 Temperature

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Architecture Department

 Solar constant
The sun is located at one focus of the earth’s orbit, and we are only 147.2
million km away from the sun in late December and early January, while the
earth-sun distance on July 1 is about 152.0 million km.

Annual motion of the earth around the sun:

 Thermal forces influencing orientation

The climatic factors play the most eminent role in orientation. The position
of a structure in northern latitudes, where the air temperature is generally cool,
should be oriented to receive the maximum amount of sunshine without wind
exposure. In southerly latitudes the opposite will be desirable; the building
should be turned on its axis to avoid sun’s unwanted radiation, and to face the
cooling breeze instead.
Thermal forces and their effect on regional requirements:

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Architecture Department

 Resource conservation
 Daylighting – distribution of daylight in a space can be greatly improved
if it is introduced from multiple apertures

Redirected daylight penetration in a space:

Light paths to a work place:

Diffuse daylight penetration into a space:

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Relative indicator of light levels with various designs:

o Dimensions of Human Figure

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o Accessible for PWDs

 Reach ranges for accessibility

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 Accessible routes and walking surfaces

 Accessible doors

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Pull-side maneuvering clearance at swinging doors:

o Habitable spaces

 Sleeping spaces

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Bedroom furniture clearances:

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Architecture Department

 Kitchen

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Architecture Department

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 Bathrooms

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 Laundry rooms

o Closet storage arangement

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o Circulation spaces
Passages:

o Garages and carports

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Architecture Department

o Feng Shui
It is the chinese art of geomancy, the placement and location of buildings and
manmade structures to harmonise with the surrounding physical environment. It is believed
that with proper orientation of one’s house or business premises one is ble to harmonise
with nature and relate to the physical surroundings favourably to attract desirable
cosmological influences. Having good feng shui builds up one’s confidence and energy to
pursue success.

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Architecture Department

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 Yin Yang (Logos)

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Architecture Department

Reference:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=7s6h--
TUWiwC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=basics+of+residential+design&source=bl&ots=SNcZT_iARZ
&sig=uVLxXjb-sulPWjXNfssUtz-
WVs8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwC2oVChMIotyn2NTfxwIVCRMaCh23KwpI#v=onepag
e&q&f=true

Time-Saver Standards for Building Types 3rd Edition by Joseph de Chiara

Planning and Designers Handbook 2nd Edition by Max B. Fajardo Jr.

Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan

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