Study on

Supply Chain Management

At Vijaya Diary, Nellore

Submitted By:
Pendela Satya Pavan Sai Suprabhath

Registration Number
16010141171

Under the guidance of Prof.Sukanya Kundu

In the partial fulfilment of the course-Industry Internship Program-

IIP in Semester VI of the Bachelor of Business Administration
(2016-2019)

1
 Bachelor of Business Administration

Industry Internship Program (IIP)

Declaration

This is to declare that the Report titled “A study on Supply Chain Management
at Vijaya Dairy, Nellore” has been made for the partial fulfilment of the course:
Industry Internship program (IIP) in semester VI by me at Vijaya Dairy under the
guidance of Prof.Sukanya Kundu.

I confirm that this Report truly represents my work undertaken as a part of

Industry Internship Program (IIP). This work is not a replication of work done
previously by any other person. I also confirm that the contents of the report
and the views contained therein have been discussed and deliberated with the
faculty guide.

Signature of the Student :

Name of the Student : PENDELA SATYA PAVAN SAI SUPRABHATH

Registration No : 16010141171

2
 Bachelor of Business Administration

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Pendela Satya Pavan Sai Suprabhath Regn.No.
16010141171 has completed the report titled A Study on Supply Chain
Management at Vijaya Dairy, Nellore under my guidance for the partial
fulfilment of the course: Industry Internship Program (IIP) in semester VI of
Bachelor of Business Administration

Signature of the Faculty Guide:

Name of the Faculty Guide : Prof. Sukanya Kundu

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to Alliance University, my guide

(Sukanya Kundu) as well as Mr P.C. Krishna Mohan (Manager Admin), Vijaya
Dairy, Nellore who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic “Supply Chain Management” which also helped me in doing a lot o
research and helped me gain knowledge on my topic.

I am thankful to everyone who all supported me, for that I have completed my
report effectively and moreover on time. They gave me many helpful commands
which help me a lot in preparing this report.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Sl.No Topic Page No

Executive Summary 8
Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction 10-11
1.2 Industry Overview 12-19
1.3 Company Overview 20-26
Chapter 2 2.1 Project Profile 27
2.2 Objectives of the study 27
2.3 Scope of the study 27
2.4 Research Methodology 27
Chapter 3 3.1 Data and Interpretation 29-43
3.2 Findings 44
3.3 Recommendations 45
3.4 Conclusion 46
3.5 Learning Outcome 47
Annexure 48-49
References 50

5
 LIST OF TABLES

Sl.No Table name Page no

Table 1 Cleanliness at society level 28
Table 2 Timeliness of vehicles on transportation of milk 29
Table 3 Transportation of milk from societies to chilling centres 30
Steps taken to keep up the quality of milk at the
Table 4 MPCS/MPAC 31
kinds of vehicles used to transport chilled milk from bulk
Table 5 cooling centre to main plant 32
Table 6 Cold storage capacity for preparing milk sachets 33
Table 7 Life time of sachet milk without refrigeration 34
Table 8 Printing of date and batch on milk sachets 35
Table 9 Life time of sachet milk when kept in 36
Required quality of milk is provided to the retailer from
Table 10 the dairy 37
Table 11 Temperature between dairy and retailer level 38
Kinds of vehicles are used to transport sachet milk to
Table 12 retailer 39
Table 13 Quantity of milk sachets 40
Table 14 Refrigeration of sachet milk 41
Table 15 Using puffed or normal vehicles 42

6
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl.No Figure name Page no

Figure 1 Cleanliness at society level 28
Figure 2 Timeliness of vehicles on transportation of milk 39
Figure 3 Transportation of milk from societies to chilling centres 30
Steps taken to keep up the quality of milk at the
Figure 4 MPCS/MPAC 31
kinds of vehicles used to transport chilled milk from bulk
Figure 5 cooling centre to main plant 32
Figure 6 Cold storage capacity for preparing milk sachets 33
Figure 7 Life time of sachet milk without refrigeration 34
Figure 8 Printing of date and batch on milk sachets 35
Figure 9 Life time of sachet milk when kept in 36
Required quality of milk is provided to the retailer from
Figure 10 the dairy 37
Figure 11 Temperature between dairy and retailer level 38
Kinds of vehicles are used to transport sachet milk to
Figure 12 retailer 39
Figure 13 Quantity of milk sachets 40
Figure 14 Refrigeration of sachet milk 41
Figure 15 Using puffed or normal vehicles 42

7
 Executive Summary

 Milk is a Perishable good which is to be processed i.e., chilled, pasteurised

immediately after Milking.

 The production of milk will be taken up at village level in the houses of small
Milk producers &Dairy farms.

 The milk producers bring milk to milk society / collection centre at village level.

 After testing at village level it will be transported to nearby milk chilling centre
or Bulk Milk cooling centre. There it will be chilled.

 Then it will be transported to main Dairy though insulated tankers.

 In Main Dairy it will be pasteurises, homogenises and it will sacheses. The same
will be sent to Market for sale to urban consumers.

 When compared to other Industries, In Food Industries like Dairies a number of

people will be involved in supply chain, The supply chain Should be organised
well planned Dairy Industry, If any lapse is formed in processed at any stage
entire Milk will be spoiled.

My internship is on through study on supply chain management in Vijaya Dairy,

Nellore.

8
CHAPTER 1

9
 Introduction
The term supply chain management was coined by consultant Keith Oilver, of
strategy consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton in 1982. Supply chain management
(SCM) is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the operations of the
supply chain with purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible.
Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-
in-progress inventory and finished product from point of origin to point of
consumption.

The term Supply chain was originally associated with classical multinational
enterprises that were vertically integrated. But, now supply chain management has
become relevant in situations where in other is more than one autonomous player.
In such cases, there’s typically a dominant enterprise that uses its power to organize
and plan the chain by involving customers and suppliers. Supply chain management
involves an organizational or institutional perspective involving performance
measurements and consumer behaviour; and a process perspective involving process
management issues such as costing, organising supply chain, targets and decision
making.

A supply chain refers to different players being linked from to fork to achieve more
effective, efficient, customer focused and market oriented flow of products. The
supply chain may include growers, packers, processors, storage and transport
facilitators/ providers, makers, exporters, importers, distributors wholesalers and
retailers.

The development of supply chain management requires knowledge and expertise

about the functioning of the complete chain including strategic aspects i.e. farming
strategies pertaining to chain design, chain formulation, chain organization, chain
management and partnership and the functioning aspects i.e. chain marketing, chain
logistic, quality assurance, material flow, information flow, value addition,
technology and interaction managing supply chains requires an integrated approach
in the right quantity, to the right locations and at the right time.

The concept of supply chain has several variants such as commodity chain, value
system, value chain, production network and value network. A value system is a set
of interlink led complete firms, which have all the business functions. Alternatively, a
commodity. It is the series of relations through which a produce passes i.e.
extraction, conversion, exchange, transports, distribution and final use. The
participants in a value chain can be integrated firms, retailers, lead firms, and turn

10
key suppliers and component suppliers. Global value chain or commodity chain
analysis (CCA) highlights the levels of integration between suppliers, producers and
shoppers for a given commodity. Various innovations in supply chain management
include Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) and New Generation Co-operatives (NGCs) besides strategic
alliances, which create more sustainable and profitable partnership in supply chain.

11
 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
History:

India is that the highest milk producer in the entire world. India is well
known as the ‘Oyster’ of the global diary industry, with opportunities galore for the
entrepreneurs globally. It might be dream for any nation in the world to caplitize on
the largest and fastest growing milk and milk products market. The dairy industry in
India has been witnessing rising with liberalisation. As the economy provides good
opportunities for MNCs and foreign investors to unleash the total potential of this
market. The main objective of the Indian Dairy Industry is to manage the national
resources in a manner to enhance milk production and upgrade milk process
victimization innovative technologies.

The crossbred technology in the Indian Dairy Industry has further augmented with
viability of the dairy units by increasing the milk production per animal. Then
afterward milk production has also increased at an exponential rate whereas the
advantages of a rise in milk production also reached the shoppers from a
comparatively lower increase in the price of milk. The favourable price environment
for milk producers for the Dairy Industry in India however appeared to have
weakened during the 90’s, a decline in the real price of milk being noticed once the
year 1992.And then slowly regained its glory once 1992 to until currently.

In India dairying from pretty much earlier is considered associate degree instrument
for social and economic development. The country’s milk offer comes from millions
of small producers, who are dispersed throughout the rural areas. All these farmers
maintain an average herd of 1 or 2 alimentation animals, comprising cows and/or
buffaloes. Mostly sample labour and a small land base encourage farmers to practice
dairying as an occupation subsidiary to agriculture. As financial gain from crop
production is seasonal instead dairying provides a stable which is a year-round
income and also an important economic incentive for the small farmer.

12
INTRODUCTION:
India had tremendous milk production in forty years and has become the world’s
largest milk manufacturing nation with a gross output of 146.3 million tons in 2015.
The Indian Dairy Industry has achieved this strength of a producer-owned and
professionally-managed cooperative system, despite the facts that a majority of dairy
farmers are illiterate and run small, marginal operations and for several farmers,
mercantilism milk is their sole supply of financial gain. More than ten million dairy
farm farmers belong to 96,000 native dairy cooperatives, who sell their product to at
least one of a 170 milk producers’ cooperative unions who in turn are supported by
15 state cooperative milk marketing federation.

Milk is the food, which contains vitamins, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. World
health organization suggests that the infants ought to be fed compulsorily with
mother milk because it provides all the necessary fats proteins etc., which is crucial
for the expansion of the baby. If mother milk is not available, they suggest giving
animal milk. This shows that milk plays a major role in our daily life.

India is that the second highly inhabited country and is near to occupy the primary
position. In India, the main supply of financial gain is agriculture. Dairying is one
among the simplest instruments for referring up the socio-economic development of
the country. Developing countries like India people depend on indigenous character
for a long time because of consumer tastes for articles of food so far delicacies are
concerned.

Dairy developing in India has been most spectacular in recent years. While chief
contribution factor to this achievement is the ANAND PATTERN OF DAIRY
COOPERATIVES. No less creditable has been a concerted effort of the national dairy
development and the Indian dairy development in India since 1970. Dairying is
concerned as a whole when it contains elements like production, procurement and
marketing. “Keera district cooperative milk producers union limited” adopted this
integrated approach. This integrated approach in dairying is proved to be successful
with “AMUL” and later this integrated came to known as “ANAND PATTERN OF
DAIRY COOPERATIVES”.

In India Milk production is dominated by tiny and marginal land-holding farmers and
additionally by landless labourers who in aggregate own 70% of the national milk
animal herd. And as the crop production on 78% of the agriculture land still depends
on rain, which is prone to both drought and floods, rendering agricultural income is
very much uncertain for most of the farmers in the society. Usually one or two milk

13
animals enable the farmers to generate sufficient income to break the vicious
subsistence agricultural-debt cycle.

The operation flood that is the winning Indian dairy farm development programmed
has analyzed that however food aid may be used as associate in nursing investment
in building the sort of institutional infrastructure that can bring about national dairy
development. Programmes like this, with similar policy orientations, may prove to be
appropriate to dairy development in India. India in the early 1950’s was commercially
important around 55000tonnes of milk powder annually to meet the urban milk
demand. Most of the many developments in dairying have taken place in India during
this century only.

CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMY:

The Indian Dairy Industry engages in the production and process of milk & cream.
This industry is involved in the manufacture of various dairy products like cheese,
curd, yoga hurt etc. The Indian Dairy Industry makes a speciality of the procurement,
production, processing, storage and distribution of dairy products. India as nation
stands 1stin its share of dairy production in the international scenario. The business
contributes about Rs 1, 15,970 to the national economy.

Dairy Scientists: The main job of the dairy farm scientists is

to traumatize assortment of milk and taking care of the high yielding type
of animals

Dairy Technologists: The work of dairy farm technology needs acquisition officers
World Health Organization take the responsibility of aggregation milk from farmers,
milk booths and cattle-rearers.

This explicit acquisition officer ought to well perceive the newest technology tat’s
applicable in maintaining the standard of milk of the method of transporting it to the
specified location.

Dairy Engineers: Dairy engineers square measure sometimes appointed is to line up

and maintain dairy farm plants.

Marketing Personnel: These people affect the sale and promoting of milk beside
milk product.

14
DEVELOPMENTS:

Indian Dairy Industry the largest milk producer all over the world, around 100 million
MTIndian Dairy Industries value of output amounted to Rs.1179 billion in 2004-05
which approximately equals combined output of paddy and wheat. With 1/5th of the
world’s bovine population.

In India the milk animals constitutes 45% indigenous cattle, 55% buffaloes and 10%
cross bred cows

Intensive Dairy Development Programmed: The Schemes, modified under this

programmes are on the basis of the recommendation of the evaluation studies which
were launched during Eight Plan Period and is being continued throughout the
Eleventh plan with an outlay of Rs.32.49crore for 2009-10.

Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production (CMP):

this can be a centrally sponsored scheme which was launched in October 2003,
which had the most objective of raising the quality of milk made at the each village
level in the India.

Dairy Venture Capital Fund: this can be introduced within the Tenth Five Year Plan
to bring about structural changes in unorganized sector, which would measure like
milk processing at village level, marketing of pasteurized milk in a cost effective
manner, quality or the up gradation of traditional technology to handle commercial
scale using modern equipments and management skills.

INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO OF DAIRY INDUSTRY:

Average of 14 billion litres of milk produced every year in UK, 73 million tons in USA
and India’s production is around 75 million tonnes. Half of the total production of
milk used for manufacturing other products in UK. The liquid milk sales had seen a
decline since the previous 10 years.

When 1980 more than 90% of milk was purchased from the milkman. By 1980 this
declines to 89% in 1990 to 68.3% and by 1995 doorsteps delivery accounted for
44.5% of milk purchased. Sales in supermarkets and small shops increased in relation
to decline in doorstep sale. The information collected on international scenario was
achieved from internet and I was not updated to the current year.

15
Major types of milk available internationally are

Whole milk energy value in 387 calories and fat content is 3.5% semi skimmed milk
energy value is 270 calories and fat consistent is 1.7% skimmed milk; energy value is
194 calories and fat content is 0.1% homogenized milk: all fat is spread evenly no
cream lime is found.

EVOLUTION OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

Dairy has been part of the list in India since the ancient Vedic times; the modern
dairy industry took roots in 1950 with salve of bottled milk Bombay from array milk
colony. The first large scale milk products factory was started in 1954 and ANAND by
Amul a cooperative venture with the assistance of UNIDEF for the production of milk
powder, table butter and ghee. These products were made from buffalo milk.

The world’s largest dairy development program ever undertaken the operation
flood undertook the gigantic task is upgrading and modernizing milk production by
the world food programme, the European economic.

Community, the World Bank and other internal agencies, designed and
implemented by the National Dairy Development Board (NADDB) and the Indian
Dairy Cooperation (IDC) was launched in July 1970. Its basic concepts comprise the
establishment of cooperative structure of Amul Pattern.

DAIRY ESTABLISHMENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH:

With the implementation of operation flood-3 programs in Andhra Pradesh in tempo

of dairy development has gained movements providing a new thrust to eradication
of poverty and unemployment in rural areas and brought greater awakening
confidence among milk producers to manage a loan affair through dairy cooperative
on Anand patterns. This federation is marching ahead with dairy cooperatives to hold
a new area of rural programs.

16
DAIRY UNITS:

At present there are 54 dairy units in operation with 7 milk product factories, 38 milk
chilling and cooling apart from dairy units there are 6 cattle filed mining plants under
the federation.

MARKETING:

This surplus milk is converted into various dairy products like vijaya spray food
butter, whole milk powder, skimmed milk powders, ghee etc., with the brand name
vijaya. They have secured good market reputation all over India besides foreign
products like ice-cream, choco-bar etc., are also manufactured by the federation.

COOEPERATIVE SOCITIES:

The main objective of any form of business organization like sole proprietorship,
partnership and Joint stock Company is to make profit. But co-operative society is
organized with the main objective of rendering service to its members.

Persons belonging to same localities or profession or occupation join together

voluntarily to achieve a common economic objective or end.

DEFINITION CO-OPERATION:

“As a form of organization where the persons voluntarily associated together as

human being on the basis of equality economic interest of themselves”.

DAIRY CO-OPERATION:

With the commencement of operation flood -2 village dairy co-operative sectors

have been organized with the enrolment of 1, 62,000 members under the farmers
programmes, 863 milk producers were deputed to on study working of an and
pattern dairy co-operative society 17,480 fodder milk storages were supplied to the
production under the product development program. The milk procurement by the
co-operative societies accounted for 60% of the milk procurement in the state.

17
WOMEN DAIRYING:

Women have been played a greater role in the rural dairying i.e., feeding of animals
having the milk. Traditionally the women also take care of milk business, to
encourage this in organized way the APDB co-operative federation limited has
counted a pilot project with financial assistance of ford foundation in 3 districts such
as Vijayanagaram, Nalgonda and Chittoor to make a special drive in enrolment of
rural women in production cooperative society.

The responses for the rural women co-operative society are organize and 2000 new
women members have been enrolled apart from 1000 women members enrolled in
other societies. Further some mere intermediate acquisition the UNICEF and the
Netherlands government have also expressed their desire to participate in similar
programmes in Andhra Pradesh which are under consideration.

OBJECTIVES OF THE ANDHRA PRADESH DAIRY DEVELOPMENT CO-

OPERATION FEDERATION:

1. Organize co-operative of milk producers at village and at district levels.

2. Provide essential inputs to enhance milk production, feed a fodder
production, cross breeding veterinary aid, and to take up development
programs to provide effective leadership and management skills to the milk
producer and also help them to manage their own.
3. Develop infrastructure for processing of milk and manufacturing of dairy
products and market whole some quality milk products.
4. Fulfil the consumer needs of liquid milk and milk products in the state.
5. Develop new products and packing lines in turn with thechanging scenario of
consumer markets and needs.
6. Integrated dairy development with overall rural development efforts and
provide greater employment to the rural.
7. Today, there are 7,000 co-operatives with 300 all women co-operatives and
membership of over 8lakhs people across the state.

18
 COMPANY OVERVIEW
COMPANY HISTORY:

As the years passed APDDCF built up the infrastructure needed meet

every requirement of dairying, be in procurement of milk from over 800,000 dairy
farmers spread across Andhra Pradesh, getting it ready for nationwide distribution. It
all happened among the vast dairy plant network of APDDCF. Through extensive use
of high technology and management acumens need to steer such a wide spread
operation and brought propensity to the state many times.

The federation has drawn up more comprehensive systems for procurement and
process of milk. A dedicated research cases pursing ways and means of better
quality. Collaboration with global experts is also being sought all in attempt to
remain at the forefront of modern dairying in India where will be the watchword.

During the year 1969, Vijaya Dairy-Nellore was started with an initial capacity of
12,000 Lts per day mostly to collect milk from surrounding villages. Afterwards due
to increase in procurement, the handling capacity was expanded to 40,000 Lts per
day during the year 1979. The Milk chilling centre at Kavali was started during the
year 1977 with an initial capacity of 6000 Lts per day. Similarly the Milk chilling
centre at Venkatagiri was started during the year 1981 with the same capacity.

During the year 1985, due to increase in Milk procurement in the district, the
handling capacity of Milk chilling centre at kavali and venkatagiri have been
increased from 6000 Lts to 12000 Lts per day. In the year 1986 the Nellore Milk union
was registered under AP co-op Societies act 1964.

Due to the further increase in milk procurement the present handling capacity of
Nellore Dairy is expanded to 40,000 Lts to 75,000Lts per day and milk chilling centre
at kavali also expanded from 12,000 Lts to 20,000 Lts per day under Operation flood
III programme in 1993. Another Milk chilling centre in the district at Duttalur with
handling capacity of 10,000 Lts per day was started in the month of October 1995
and subsequently expanded to 20,000 Lts per day during 1998.

At present there square measure nearly 57,360 Milk producers supplying Milk to
Nellore Union. Out of which there are small farmers 23,960, marginal farmers 15030,
Agricultural labourers 10040, and large farmers 8330. Among these Milk producers
there are Scheduled castes 8152, Scheduled tribes 697, backward Class 11612 and
the remaining other castes are supplying Milk to this Milk unions and they are being

19
benefited financially by sale of milk and an amount of Rs. 210 lakhs is being paid to
the Milk producers per month.

20
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE:

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MANAGING DIRECTOR

NELLORE DAIRY

Engineering Plant Finance Administration

Dairy Engineer Manager Finance Manager Admin Manager

Compressor operators Asst. Dairy Manager Section Superintendent Sr. Assistant

Electrician Processing Supervisor Upper Division Jr. Assistant

Accountant

Homogeniser operator Lab Assistant Lower Division Displayer Clerk

Accountant

Boiler operator Weighing Clerk

Transport mechanic Workers

21
Procurement & in puffs Marketing

Manager (P&I) Manager (MKT)

Field supervisor Milk distribution supervisor

Field assistant Booth supervisor

Society secretary Cashier

Tester

Milk procurement in lakhs

Year Procurement(in lakhs litres)
2004-05 221.57
2005-06 148.29
2006-07 120.85
2007-08 130.04
2008-09 188.19
2009-10 198.12
2010-11 147.98
2011-12 170.25
2012-13 108
2013-14 98.53
2014-15 89.41
2015-16 90.5
2016-17 94.98
2017-18 110.48

22
PRODUCTS OFFERED BY THE COMPANY:

Different Kinds of milk produced at Vijaya Dairy, Nellore are

1. Whole Milk with 6% fat and 9 SNF

2. Toned Milk with 3% fat and 8.5 SNF
3. Double Toned Milk with 1.5% fat and 9-9.5 SNF

Bye products that are produced at Vijaya dairy, Nellore are

1. Curd
2. Butter Milk
3. Lassi
4. Paneer
5. Doodh Peda
6. Ghee
7. Milk cake
8. Malai Khaja sweet
9. Flavoured Milk
10. Cream

23
SWOT ANALYSIS:

Strengths:

 The brand name “vijaya” is great strength to the NDMPMAC LTD, Nellore.
 The board of the organisation consists of MILK Producers representatives as
per (Anand Pattern Co-operative Societies). As they are MILK Producers
(famers) at village level. They known in depth about the MILK Production &
they can take decisions which are good to MILK producers.
 All the people of ANDHRA PRADESH are aware about vijaya board.

Weakness:

 The Co-operative dairy cannot take spot decisions on pair with private dairies.
It has no run on certain rules framed by Andhra Pradesh Co-operative Act
rules.
 Some of the private dairies are passing on separate rates for MILK purchase
price.
 They are passing more commission to MILK agents.

Opportunities:

 As it is a Co-operative organisation it will have support from NDDB & state

government.

Threats:

 Multinational companies like Lactalis, Britannia &Nestle are entering in MILK

business. They can with stand losses at the entry level in the business.

24
CHAPTER 2

25
 PROJECT PROFILE

NDMPMACU LTD (VIJAYA DAIRY) is selected for study of supply chain management.
As Milk is a Perishable good “Supply chain Management” is to be effectively
implemented. If Supply chain Management is not properly implemented entire Milk
will be spoiled, Task is to study the SCM and to suggest solutions to stop Milk
Spoilages.

PURPOSE/SCOPE OF STUDY:

The existence of any industry depends on its demand& supply. The more important
to make the industry profitable depends on supply chain management. If the
management is not effectively implemented in any stage it will cause damage to the
existence of industry itself. Particularly in food industry like dairies effective SCM is
to be implemented, otherwise the product will be spoiled.

3.1 OBJECTIVES:

 To study the supply chain process at Vijaya Dairy, Nellore.

 To analyze and interpret the effectiveness of the supply chain process.
 To suggest solution to control Milk sachets spoilage.

3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

1. Research method : Survey method

2. Research instruments : A well structured questionnaire
3. Source of data : Primary and secondary data
4. Primary data : Collection of primary data through a structured
Questionnaire.

5. Population size : 100

6. Sample size : 80
7. Sampling unit : Managerial and non-managerial (pertaining to all
levels & all Channels)
8. Sampling procedure : Random sampling technique

I have collected data from the society people in villages; employees of bulk
cooling centre/chilling centres, employees of main plant. So we can find how to
reduce the spoilage of milk. Common people do not the work process of the milk
industry.

26
Chapter 3

27
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Cleanliness at society level

Table 1:

Cleanliness Percentage of Respondents

Yes 98%
NO 2%

Yes
NO

Figure 1: Cleanliness at society level

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people
opinion is 98% of respondents are yes, 2% of respondents are bad cleanliness at
society level.

28
 2. Timeliness of vehicles on transportation of milk

Table 2:

Timeliness of Percentage of
vehicles Respondents
Good 85%
Bad 15%

Good
Bad

Figure 2: Timeliness of vehicles

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people
opinion is 85% of respondents are good, 25% is bad Timeliness of vehicles to reach
the main plant and chilling centres of milk transportation.

29
 3. Transportation of milk from societies to chilling centres

Table 3:

Transportation of Milk percentage of Respondents

>30 mins 90%
30 mins 10%
<30 mins 0%

>30 mins
30 mins
<30 mins

Figure 3: Transportation of Milk

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the
people opinion is 90% of respondents are greater than 30 minutes, 10% of
respondents are 30 minutes on Transportation of milk from societies to
chilling centres. Due to New bulk cooling centres in district.

30
 4. What are the steps taken to keep up the quality of milk at the MPCS/MPAC
level?

Table 4:

Quality of milk at the MPCS/MPAC percentage of Respondents

using filter cloth 40%
cleaning with hot water 0%
chemical cleaning 40%
all the above 20%

using filter cloth

cleaning with hot water
chemical cleaning
all the above

Figure 4: steps taken to keep up the quality of milk at MPCS/MPAC level

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people
opinion 40% of respondents are using filter cloth &chemical cleaning, 10% of
respondents are all the above .So that the spoilage of milk can be controlled.

31
 5. What kind of vehicles is used to transport chilled milk from bulk cooling
centres/ chilling centres to the main plant?

Table 5:

kinds of vehicles percentage of respondents

insulated vehicles 0%
puffed vehicles 0%
Vehicles with hoods 96%
normal vehicles 4%

insulated vehicles
puffed vehicles
Vehicles with hoods
normal vehicles

Figure 5: kind of vehicles used to transport chilled milk from bulk cooling centre to
main plant

Interpretation:

From above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people 96% of
respondents are vehicles with hoods, 4% of respondents are normal vehicles used to
transport chilled milk from chilling centres to main plant.

32
 6. Cold storage capacity for preparing milk sachets

Table 6:

cold storage capacity percentage of respondents

sufficient 100%
insufficient 0%

sufficient
insufficient

Figure 6: cold storage capacity

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people
100% respondents are telling sufficient on cold storage capacity for prepared milk
sachets in the plant having present.

33
 7. Life time of sachet milk without refrigeration

Table 7:

Life time of milk sachets Percentage of respondents

3 hrs 21%
4 hrs 67%
5 hrs 12%

3 hrs
4 hrs
5 hrs

Figure 7: Life time of milk sachets

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is interpreted that out of 100% of the people
21% of people say that life time of sachet milk without refrigeration will be for
not more than 3 hours and 67% people say that life time of sachet milk without
refrigeration will be for not more than 4 hours. So refrigeration of sachet milk is
very important to improve the life time of sachet milk at the retailer level.

34
 8. Printing of date and batch on the milk sachets help in case of sachets spoilage

Table 8:

Printing of date and batch on milk

sachets Percentage of respondents
Useful 100%
Not useful 0%

Useful
Not useful

Figure 8: Printing of batch and date on milk sachets

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% people, 100%
of people said that printing of batch and date on the milk sachets helps retailer or
consumer to complaint in case of any spoilage or in case of selling old stock. This
helps to know what the mistake was and care is taken such that milk sachets
spoilage can be controlled.

35
 9. What is the life time of the sachet milk when kept in

Table 9:

Life time of sachet milk when kept in respondents Percentage

Insulated Thermo cool Boxes 8 hrs 0%
Keeping in Refrigerator 2 days 100%

Insulated Thermo cool

Boxes 8 hrs
Keeping in Refrigerator 2
days

Figure 9: Life time of sachet milk when kept in

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% people, 100%
of people said that life time of sachet milk is more when it is stored in refrigerator
and less when it is stored in Thermo cool boxes.

36
 10. Required quality of milk is provided to the retailer from the dairy

Table 10:

Quality of milk is provided to the retailer Percentage of Respondents

Yes 97%
No 3%

Yes
No

Figure 10: Required quality of milk is provided to the retailer from the dairy

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% people, 97%
of people respondents are yes and 3% of people respondents are that quality of
milk is not what they have expected.

37
 11. Whether temperature of the sachet milk is being taken after reaching the
retailer point. What is the difference of the temperature between dairy and
retailer level?

Table 11:

Temperature between dairy and retailer level Percentage of respondents

More than 3 degree Celsius 87%
Less than 3 degree celsius 13%

Yes
No

Figure 11: Temperature between dairy and retailer level

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret among 100% of the people, 13%
of people respondents is more than 3 degree Celsius and 87% of people
respondents is less than 3 degree Celsius of temperature between dairy and
retailer level.

38
 12. What kind of vehicles are used to transport sachet milk to retailer

Table 12:

Kind of vehicles are used to transport

sachet milk to retailer Percentage of respondents
Insulated vehicles 20%
Puffed vehicles 39%
Vehicles with hoods 41%
Normal vehicles 0%

Insulated vehicles
Puffed vehicles
Vehicls with hoods
Normal vehicles

Figure 12: Kinds of vehicles are used to transport sachet milk to retailer

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret among 100% of the people, 20%
of the people respondents is that they use insulated vehicles, 39% of the people
respondents is that they use puffed vehicles, 41% of the people respondents is
that they use vehicles with hoods.

39
 13. Required quantity of Milk sachets supplied to the retailer

Table 13:

Quantity of milk sachets Percentage of respondents

Yes 100%
No 0%

Yes
No

Figure 13: Quantity of milk sachets

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% of the people,
100% people say that required quantity of milk sachets are supplied by the vijaya
diary to retailers.

40
 14. Refrigeration of sachet milk at retailer level

Table 14:

Refrigeration of sachet milk Percentage of respondents

Required 90%
Not required 10%

Required
Not required

Figure 14: Refrigeration of sachet milk

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% people, 90%
of people said that refrigeration of sachet milk at retailer level is required so that
the shelf life of the milk can be increased and spoilage can be controlled.

41
 15. Using puffed vehicles or normal vehicles for transporting milk & sale of milk
sachets

Table 15:

Using puffed or normal vehicles Percentage of respondents

Procurement 10%
sales 90%
Both 0%

Procurement
sales
Both

Figure 15: Using puffed or normal vehicles

Interpretation:

From the above table and figure, it is to interpret that among 100% of the people,
10% people say for procurement, 90% people say for sales.

42
 FINDINGS

 Most of the respondents are agreed for cleaning of equipment in all levels.
 Most of the respondents are agreed with the timeliness of vehicles is good for
except Sriharikota route.
 Most of the respondents agreed with the transportation of milk from societies
to chilling centres within 30 minutes
 All the respondents are telling sufficient on cold storage capacity.
 Few respondents agreed on life time of sachet milk without refrigeration is 3
hrs
 All the respondents agreed on printing of date and batch on the milk sachets
helps in case of sachets spoilage.
 Most of the respondents agreed on required quality of milk are provided to
the retailer from the dairy.
 All the respondents are telling required quantity of milk sachets supplied to
the retailer.
 Most of the respondents agreed on required refrigeration of sachet milk at
the retailer level.
 Most of the respondents agreed that we use puffed vehicles or normal
vehicles for transporting milk & sale of milk sachets.

43
 RECOMMENDATIONS

 Cleaning is very important at society level.

 Running time of vehicles is very important to maintain quality of milk.
 Using the hot water while cleaning of the milk cans in all levels perfectly.
 Development of link routes also plays a major role in the running time of
vehicles.
 Utilizing the puffed and insulated vehicles to transport procured raw milk.
 100% pasteurization and chilling of milk should be perfect to control milk
spoilage.
 Strict vigil on 100% pasteurization of milk.

44
 CONCLUSION

Vijaya Dairy Nellore collects milk from farmers at nearby villagers and provides them
economic freedom. After collecting milk from MPCS/MPAC level, milk is transported
through vehicles to nearby chilling centres.

When milk reaches the main plant from chilling centres, chilling, pasteurization
should be done 100% so that the spoilage of milk doesn’t occur. After preparation of
milk sachets, the sachets should be placed at cold storage and supply of sachets to
retailers should be done using puffed vehicles. At the retailer level, proper
refrigeration should be there to place the milk sachets. If proper refrigeration is
provided, the shelf life of the sachet milk will be more and spoilage can be reduced.

Establishment of bulk cooling centres at strategic points and proper refrigeration for
the milk sachets at retailer level helps to control milk sachets spoilage and it will
helps to company development.

45
 LEARNING OUTCOME

In dairy industry cleanliness, timeliness and transportation are major things to

reduce the spoilage of the milk. I have learned whole process in dairy industry like
from procurement of milk to end user. After procurement of milk it should be chilled
within 5 hours otherwise the bacteria level will increase according to the climate. I
have visit societies, chilling centres and main plant. I have learned work process at
different stages at these places.

How Payments are given to the farmers for the supply of raw milk.etc

How production takes place in main plant.

46
 ANNEXURE

Questionnaire

NAME: DESIGNATION:

QUALIFICTION: AGE/GENDER:
1. Cleanliness at society level

a) Yes b) No

2. Timelines of vehicles on transportation of milk

a) Good b) Bad

3. Transportation of milk from societies to chilling centres

a) >30mins b) 30mins c) <30mins

4. What are the steps taken to keep up the quality of milk at the MPCS/MPAC
level?

a) Using filter cloth

b) Cleaning with hot water

c) Chemical cleaning

d) All the above

5. What kind of vehicles is used to transport chilled milk from bulk cooling centres/
chilling centres to the main plant?

a) Insulated vehicles

b) Puffed vehicles

c) Vehicles with hoods

d) Normal vehicles

6. Cold storage capacity for preparing milk sachets

a) Sufficient b) Insufficient

47
7. Life time of sachet milk without refrigeration

a) 3 hrs b) 4 hrs c) 5 hrs

8. Printing of date and batch on the milk sachets help in case of sachets spoilage?

a) Useful b) Not useful

9. What is the life time of the sachet milk when kept in?

a) Insulated Thermo cool Boxes

b) Keeping in Refrigerator

10. Required quality of milk is provided to the retailer from the dairy?

a) Yes b) No

11. Whether temperature of the sachet milk is being taken after reaching the retailer
point. What is the difference of the temperature between dairy and retailer level?

a) More than 3degrees Celsius

b) Less than 3degrees Celsius

12. What kinds of vehicles are used to transport Sachet milk to retailer?

a) Insulated vehicles

b) Puffed vehicles

c) Vehicles with hoods

d) Normal vehicles

13. Required quantity of Milk sachets supplied to the retailer?

a) Yes b) No

14. Refrigeration of sachet milk at the retailer level?

a) Required b) Not required

15. Using puffed vehicles or normal vehicles for transporting Milk & sale of Milk
sachets?

a) Procurement b) Sales c) Both

48
 REFERENCES

Websites browsed:

www.google.com

www.nddb.org

www.apddcf.gov.in

49