1 Scope 2.20.

3 apparent free anchor length

2.20.4 encapsulation bond length
2 Definitions 2.20.5 shaft length
2.1 accuracy 2.20.6 free tendon length
2.1.1 absolute accuracy 2.20.7 tendon bond length
2.1.2 relative accuracy 2.21 load
2.2 anchorage 2.21.1 lift-off-load
2.2.1 ground anchorage 2.21.2 lock-off-load
2.2.2 permanent anchorage 2.21.3 proof load
2.2.3 temporary anchorage 2.21.4 proof load factor
2.2.4 anchor 2.21.5 residual load
2.2.5 anchor head 2.21.6 ultimate load holding capacity/
2.2.6 detensionable type anchor head pull out capacity
2.2.7 normal type anchor head 2.21.7 working load
2.2.8 restressable type anchor head 2.22 mechanical anchor
2.3 bearing plate 2.23 mechanical interlock
2.4 bond 2.24 noding
2.4.1 adhesion bond 2.24.1 tendon noding
2.4.2 friction bond 2.24.2 strand noding
2.5 borehole diameter 2.25 pitting
2.6 capsule 2.26 protection
2.7 centralizers 2.27 proximal
2.8 characteristic strength (fcu/fpu) 2.28 reinforcement
2.9 compression anchor 2.28.1 primary reinforcement
2.10 creep 2.28.2 secondary reinforcement
2.11 debonding 2.29 relaxation
2.12 decoupling 2.30 resin
2.13 distal 2.30.1 resin anchorage
2.14 distributed stress transfer (dts) 2.30.2 full column single speed resin
2.15 duct type anchorage
2.16 encapsulation 2.30.3 two-speed resin type anchorage
2.17 enlargement 2.31 rock bolt
2.18 grout 2.32 rock dowel
2.18.1 cementitious grout 2.33 safety factor
2.18.2 primary grout 2.34 sheath
2.18.3 resinous grout 2.35 skin friction
2.18.4 secondary grout 2.36 slenderness ratio
2.19 hydrofracturing 2.37 spacers
2.20 length 2.38 stressing head
2.20.1 fixed anchor length 2.39 tendon
2.20.2 free anchor length 2.40 tube a manchette
2.41 uniformity coefficient (D60/D10)
3 Symbols 5.5.2.3.2 Microscopic examination of
minerals
4 Responsibilities 5.5.2.3.3 Swelling
5.5.2.3.4 Drillability
5 Site Investigation 5.6 Chemical testing
5.6.1 Aim of chemical analysis
5.1 General 5.6.2 Aggressivity towards materials
5.2 Initial desk and field study 5.6.2.1 General
5.3 Ground investigation 5.6.2.2 Redox potential
5.3.1 Extent and intensity of 5.6.2.3 Resistivity
investigation 5.6.3 Aggressivity towards
5.3.2 Method of investigation cementitious grout or concrete
5.3.3 Sampling 5.7 Presentation of data
5.3.4 Ground water 5.7.1 Description of strata
5.4 Field testing 5.7.2 Field data
5.4.1 Tests from surface 5.7.3 Laboratory test results
5.4.2 Tests in borehole 5.8 Investigation during
5.4.2.1 Standard penetration test construction
5.4.2.2 Radial load tests 5.8.1 Supplementary investigation
5.4.2.3 Permeability tests 5.8.2 Field records
5.4.2.4 Borehole logging techniques 5.8.3 Anchorage behavior during tests
5.5 Laboratory testing 5.8.4 Adjacent activities
5.5.1 Soils 5.9 Health hazards and safety
5.5.1.1 Classification
5.5.1.2 Shear strength
5.5.1.3 Compressibility
5.5.2 Rocks
5.5.2.1 Index tests
5.5.2.1.1 General
5.5.2.1.2 Point load tests
5.5.2.1.3 Schmidt hammer tests
5.5.2.1.4 Sonic velocity
5.5.2.2 Strength and deformability
tests
5.5.2.2.1 Shear strength
5.5.2.2.2 Unconfined compressive
strength
5.5.2.2.3 Unconfined tensile strength
5.5.2.2.4 Deformability
5.5.2.3 Durability
5.5.2.3.1 Slake durability
6 Design
6.1 General 6.4.1 General
6.2 Ground/grout interface 6.4.2 Magnitude of bond
6.2.1 General 6.4.3 Encapsulation length
6.2.2 Anchorage types 6.4.4 Concentration of steel within
6.2.2.1 General encapsulation
6.2.2.2 Type A anchorages 6.5 Free anchor length
6.2.2.3 Type B anchorages
6.2.2.4 Type C anchorages 7 Materials and components
6.2.2.5 Type D anchorages
6.2.2.6 Other types of anchorages 7.1 Cementitious grouts
6.2.3 Fixed anchor design in rock 7.1.1 Cements
6.2.3.1 General 7.1.1.1 Preblended cement replacement
6.2.3.2 Type A anchorages materials
6.2.3.3 Skin friction values 7.1.1.2 Sulphate limits
6.2.3.4 Fixed anchor length 7.1.1.3 Chloride limits
6.2.3.5 Fixed anchor design 7.1.2 Fillers
6.2.4 Fixed anchor design in cohesionless 7.1.3 Water
soil 7.1.4 Admixtures
6.2.4.1 General 7.1.5 Grout properties
6.2.4.2 Type B anchorages 7.1.5.1 Mixes
6.2.4.3 Type C anchorages 7.1.5.2 Borehole anchorage grout
6.2.4.4 Type D anchorages 7.1.5.3 Encapsulation grout
6.2.4.5 Fixed anchor length 7.1.5.4 Capsule grout
6.2.5 Fixed anchor design in cohesive soils 7.1.5.5 Borehole pregrout
6.2.5.1 General 7.1.6 Health hazards and safety
6.2.5.2 Type A anchorages 7.2 Resinous grout
6.2.5.3 Type C anchorages 7.2.1 Resins
6.2.5.4 Type D anchorages 7.2.2 Fillers
6.2.5.5 Fixed anchor length in cohesive soils 7.2.3 Grout properties
6.2.6 Fixed anchor interaction 7.2.3.1 General
6.2.7 Summary of design methods 7.2.3.2 Mixes
6.3 Grout/tendon interface 7.2.4 Health hazards and safety
6.3.1 General 7.3 Tendon
6.3.2 Magnitude of bond 7.3.1 General
6.3.3 Tendon bond length 7.3.2 Prestressing steel
6.3.4 Effects of surface condition on bond 7.3.2.1 Specification
6.3.5 Concentration of steel tendon in 7.3.2.2 Typical sizes and specified
anchorage borehole characteristics strength
6.3.6 Resin and cement capsule 7.3.2.3 Load extension characteristics
6.4 Encapsulations 7.3.2.4 Relaxation
7.3.2.4.1 1000h values 8.2.2 Properties of a protective system
7.3.2.4.2 Loss of prestress due to relaxation of 8.2.3 Principles of protection
steel 8.2.4 Protective systems
7.3.3 Reinforcement steel 8.2.4.1 General
7.3.3.1 Specification 8.2.4.2 Free length of tendon
7.3.3.2 Typical sizes and specified 8.2.4.2.1 Methods of protection
characteristic strengths 8.2.4.2.2 Injected fluids
7.3.3.3 Couplers 8.2.4.2.2.1 Solidifying fluids
7.3.4 Protective covering 8.2.4.2.2.2 Visco-elasic fluids
7.3.4.1 Sheathing 8.2.4.2.2.3 Greases
7.3.4.2 Ducting 8.2.4.2.3 Tendon coatings
7.3.5 Centralizers 8.2.4.2.3.1 General
7.3.6 Spacers 8.2.4.2.3.2 Bituminous and metallic paints
7.3.7 Centralizer/spacer materials 8.2.4.2.3.3 Bonded metallic coatings
7.3.8 Acceptable working loads 8.2.4.2.3.4 Tapes
7.3.9 Fatigue 8.2.4.2.3.5 Plastics sheaths
7.4 Anchor head 8.2.4.2.3.6 Sheath joints
7.4.1 General 8.2.4.3 Bond length of tendon
7.4.2 Stressing head 8.2.4.3.1 General
7.4.3 Bearing plate 8.2.4.3.2 Corrugated ducts
7.4.4 Support plinth or pad in concrete 8.2.4.4 Anchor head
7.4.5 Steel grillage support 8.2.4.4.1 General
7.4.6 Design of support structures for a 8.2.4.4.2 Inner head
group of anchor heads 8.2.4.4.3 Outer head
8.2.4.4.4 Bearing plate
8.2.4.5 Ancillary details
8 Corrosions 8.2.4.5.1 Centralizers and spacers
8.1 Corrosion 8.2.4.5.2 Fixed anchor reinforcement
8.1.1 General 8.2.5 Corrosion protection: mechanically
8.1.2 Corrosion of steel in hydraulic cement anchored rock bolts
8.1.2.1 General
8.1.2.2 Influence of cracking
8.1.3 Ground aggressivity 9 Stressing equipment
8.1.3.1 Aggressivity towards metals 9.1 General
8.1.3.2 Aggressivity towards cementitious 9.2 Hydraulic jacks
grout or concrete 9.3 Load measurement
8.1.3.2.1 General 9.3.1 Load cells
8.1.3.2.2 Sulphate-bearing ground and ground 9.3.2 Pressure gauges
water 9.4 Hydraulic pumping units
8.1.4 Stray electrical currents 9.5 Stressing equipment for rock bolts
8.2 Corrosion protection 9.5.1 Torque wrenches
8.2.1 General recommendations 9.5.2 Axial load check
10 Construction
10.1 General 10.5.1 Stressing head and bearing plate
10.2 Drilling 10.5.2 Grouting of anchor head
10.2.1 Drilling method 10.5.3 Cutting the tendon
10.2.2 Ground disturbance 10.5.4 Protection of anchor head against
10.2.3 Hole stability mechanical damage
10.2.4 Hole geometry 10.6 Stressing
10.2.4.1 General 10.6.1 General
10.2.4.2 Entry point 10.6.2 Equipment
10.2.4.3 Diameter 10.6.3 Stressing procedure
10.2.4.4 Alignment 10.6.3.1 General
10.2.4.5 Deviation 10.6.3.2 Check-lifting
10.2.4.6 Straightness 10.6.3.3 Tendon load measurement
10.2.4.7 Overdrill 10.6.3.4 Unit stressing
10.2.4.8 Underreaming 10.6.4 Records
10.2.4.9 Completion of drill hole 10.6.5 Health hazards and safety
10.2.5 Records
10.2.6 Safety
10.3 Tendon
11 Testing
10.3.1 Storage and handling 11.1 General
10.3.1.1 Storage 11.2 Proving test
10.3.1.2 Handling 11.2.1 General
10.3.2 Fabrication 11.2.2 Materials and components
10.4 Grouting 11.2.2.1 Materials
10.4.1 Function 11.2.2.2 Trial grout mixes
10.4.2 Borehole testing 11.2.2.3 Component tests
10.4.2.1 General 11.2.2.4 Grout/tendon and
10.4.2.2 Pressure grouting grout/encapsulation bond
10.4.2.3 Falling head grout test 11.2.2.5 Assembly
10.4.2.4 Water testing 11.2.2.6 Full scale tests
10.4.3 Mixing 11.2.2.7 Anchor head
10.4.4 Injection 11.2.2.8 Stressing equipment
10.4.5 Equipment 11.2.2.9 Results of tests
10.4.6 Quality controls 11.2.3 Trial anchorages
10.4.6.1 General 11.2.3.1 Normal trial anchorages
10.4.6.2 Grouting in cold weather 11.2.3.2 Special trial anchorages
10.4.6.3 Cementitious grout 11.2.3.3 Results of tests
10.4.6.4 Resinous grouts 11.2.4 Maximum load
10.4.7 Storage and use 11.2.5 Load-displacement data
10.4.8 Records 11.2.6 Load-time data
10.4.9 Health hazards and safety 11.2.7 Displacement-time data
10.5 Anchor head
11.2.8 Number of load or displacement
measurements
12 Maintenance
11.2.9 Apparent free tendon length 12.1 Precautionary measures
11.2.10 Inspection 12.2 Remedial measures
11.2.11 Assessment of anchorages 12.3 Replacement criteria during service
11.2.12 Apparent free tendon length limits 12.4 Dismantling after service
11.2.13 Rate of prestress loss 12.5 Records
11.2.14 Rate of displacement
11.2.15 Corrosion protection
11.3 On-site suitability test
13 Legal aspects
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Proof loads 13.1 Statutory obligations
11.3.3 Load-displacement data 13.2 Enc
11.3.4 Proof load-time data
11.3.5 Displacement-time data at proof load
11.3.6 Residual load-time data
11.3.7 Displacement-time data at residual
load
11.3.8 Apparent free tendon length
11.3.9 Assessment of anchorages
11.4 On-site acceptance tests
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Proof loads
11.4.3 Load-displacement data
11.4.4 Proof load-time data
11.4.5 Displacement-time data at proof load
11.4.6 Residual load-time data
11.4.7 Displacement-time data at residual
load
11.4.8 Apparent free tendon strength
11.4.9 Assessment of anchorages
11.4.10 Interaction of anchorages
11.4.11 Rock bolts
11.5 Monitoring service behavior of
anchorages
11.5.1 General requirements
11.5.2 Need for monitoring
11.5.3 Duration and frequency of monitoring
11.5.4 Extent of monitoring