Beruflich Dokumente
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Notes Recalls
Clinical Chemistry
q) Analytes that require chilling – Ammonia, blood gases, lactic acid, catecholamines
r) Analytes with diurnal variation – ACP, Iron, Cortisol, ACTH, Aldosterone, GH etc.
f) Amperometry – pO2
e) Sample blank – correct for sample interferences (used if analyte to be measured is Bilirubin, HgB)
f) What kind of QC involves analysis of control samples together with patient specimen – Internal/Intralab QC
vi) Hyponatremia – DM
iii) Urea method that is inexpensive but lacks specificity – Colorimetric, diacetyl
x) Conway – Ammonia
c) Carbohydrates – (6%)
ix) Most common Glycogen Storage disease – Type I – Von Gierke – Deficiency in G6P
v) High risk for cardiovascular accident are associated with high – LDL
a) Endocrinology – (10%)
(4) Thyrotoxicosis – Plummer’s disease – decreased TSH, normal FT4, increased FT3 and T3
(1) E1 – Menopause
(2) E2 – Menstruation
(3) E3 – Pregnancy
ii) Other Poisons/Toxic Agents (Alcohol, Carbon Monoxide, Mercury, Lead, Arsenic) – (2%)
(2) Considered legally intoxicated – 100mg/dl or 0.1% wt/vol, 3-4 ounces of whisky
7) Blood Gas Analysis and Other Tests (Principles, Procedures, Diseases/Disorders, Reference Values) – (4%)
1) Microbiology – (70%)
a) Bacteriology – (49%)
(1) First thing to be done for collection of sputum sample – Gargle with water
(2) Acid Fast stain in tissues – Kinyoun
(1) Preferred medium for isolation of B. pertussis – Regan-Lowe/Charcoal Cephalexin Blood Agar
(3) Work-up for identification: biochemical, differential and confirmatory tests – (14%)
(a) Clumping factor – Coagulase
v) Mycobacteria – (2%)
vi) Other bacteria with unusual growth requirements (Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia) – (2%)
b) Mycology – (4%)
(2) Stain for sharp delineation of fungal elements by fluorescent microscopy – Calcoflour white
(3) Presumptive test for candida that uses serum – Germ tube
c) Virology – (4%)
(7) Virus that causes acute central nervous system disease in humans and animals – Rabies
(1) Settings of rpm marked on the face of the rheostat control on the centrifuge should be checked – Monthly
(2) Oxidase, Catalase, Coagulase – Tested each day, when vial is first opened
2) Parasitology – (30%)
a) Parasites – life cycle, morphological characteristics, epidemiology, prevention and control, manner of reporting, counting – (21%)
b) Nematodes – (5%)
(5) Larvae that passes through the lungs – Ascaris, Stronglyloides, Hookworm
(6) Roundworm that inhabits the small intestine and is usually demonstrated as rhabditiform larvae in fecal specimen – Threadworm
v) Ectoparasites – (1%)
i) Routine – (2%)
(2) Flotation techniques – Operculated eggs and eggs with spines not recovered
Clinical Microscopy
1. Urine – (53%)
ii. Proximal convoluted tubules – Site for reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, NaCl
v. Atabrine – Yellow
v. DM – Increased SG
xxiii. PAH, PSP – Tests for tubular secretion, renal blood flow
xxiii. Cylindroids – Disintegration forms of cast with tails and tapering ends
i. Yellow to brownish red, moderately hard – Uric acid and urate stones
iii. Very hard, dark color, rough surface – Calcium oxalate stones
2. Feces – (3%)
a. CSF – (5%)
i. Spermatogonia – Youngest
v. OD 450 - Bilirubin
iii. Concentric striations of collage-like material in peritoneal fluid associated with ovarian and thyroid malignancy – Psammoma bodies
a. Chain of Custody – Step by step documentation of handling and testing of legal specimens
d. Urine for drug testing temperature – 32.5-37.7 degrees Celsius within 4mins
k. To prolong cell viability for cytogenetic studies, specimen should be – Incubated at 37˚C
l. Specimen for detection of male/female anti-sperm antibody – Serum, semen, cervical mucus
c. Chain of Infection – 6
e. RACE, A – Alarm
f. PDCA – Plan-Do-Check-Act
g. PDSA – Plan-Do-Study-Act
Hematology
a) Routine – (15%)
vii) Size of the unfilled portion of the capillary tube in microhematocrit – 10-15mm
b) Automation – (10%)
ii) Blood clots will have what effect on RBC count using automated counters – Decreased
ii) Differentiate pure anemia from bone marrow malfunction – WBC count
v) CD 34 – Stem Cell
x) Stomatocyte – Rh null
i) Stem cell to blast 5 days. Lifespan in tissue phase 9-10 days – Granulocytes
ii) Nucleoli 3+, Dark blue to blue cytoplasm, Lacy chromatin pattern – Myeloblast
xv) M3 – DIC
1) Immunology/Serology – (50%)
b) Natural (innate) immunity, including role of macrophages, monocytes and granulocytes – (5%)
viii) Region of Ig that determines whether an immunoglobulin can fix complement – CH2
x) Pepsin – F(ab)2, Fc
v) IL 1 – Fever
vi) IL 6 - CRP
ii) Complement component with largest molecular weight – C1qrs stabilized with Ca
(1) Most commonly used method in Philippines in testing for malaria – Thick smear
iii) Expressed as tumor and normally present in fetal cells – Oncofetal antigen
i) Hypersensitivity – (1%)
i) PCR – Amplification
iii) ISBT 4 – Rh
b) Other Major Blood Group Systems: Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, MNSs, Lutheran, P, I – (3%)
i) Anti-I – M. pneumoniae
c) Minor Blood Group Sustems: Diego, Cartwright, Chido, XG, Scianna, Gerbich, Milton, Knops, Bg, Indian, etc. – (1%)
v) L-Fucose - H
iii) Malaria deferral if donor went to endemic area for vacation – 1 year
iii) Phosphate in CPDA-1 function as – 2-3 DPG (Phosphate function as source of ATP in CPD)
v) CPD-A1 – 35 days
i) Tubes needed for the investigation of post-transfusion reaction – Red and purple top
ii) Transfusion reaction with 1˚C rise in temperature – Febrile transfusion reaction
k) BB techniques and procedures: typing, compatibility testing, antibody detection and identification – (8%)
l) Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) and Auto-immune Hemolytic Anemia – (4%)
1. Histopathology – (65%)
i. Terminologies – (4%)
1. Pathos – Suffering
2. STAT – Statim
8. CT that forms the framework of BM, endocrine and all lymphoid organs – Reticular CT
3. Jaundice – Sign
4. Dysuria – Symptom
5. Tinnitus - Symptom
5. 10% methanol to formaldehyde – Unsuitable for EM, prevent decomposition to formic acid or precipitation to paraformaldehyde
c. EPON – EM
1. Routine – (5%)
h. Feulgen – DNA
1. Manual – (2%)
a. To obtain optimum cell yield, the volume of sample to be centrifuged must be – 20-30cc
2. Automation – (2%)
d. Autopsy – (2%)
i. Terminologies – (1%)
2. Prosector – Pathologist
a. MT Laws – (10%)
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