Power for the Americas Issue 15

In this issue

Wärtsilä Power, 30 years of evolution

Wärtsilä Energy News is published for business From a diversified industrial conglomerate to a world leader in power technology, Wärtsilä’s
friends and employees of Wärtsilä. evolution over the past three decades has mirrored the far-reaching changes evident in the
Editorial Board: Stefan Gros, Lars-Gustaf Martin, power industry as a whole. The future holds potential for exciting new power technologies. . 4
Maria Hällund
Editor: Maria Strand
(Mari Pohjanniemi-Kivi, Issue 15)
English Editing: Andrew Gardiner
Layout: Bock’s Office
Please address correspondence to:
Wärtsilä Finland Oy, Maria Strand
P.O.Box 252, 65101 Vaasa, Finland
e-mail: maria.strand@wartsila.com
ISSN 1456-3274
Information in this publication is subject to
change without notice. © Wärtsilä Corporation.
Printed in December 2002.
All rights reserved.

The Wärtsilä 32 meets future demands today

The Wärtsilä 32, became the industry standard in HFO-fuelled diesel engines for
power plants. Through continuous design improvements and technology upgrades
this engine, now with higher outputs for baseload plants, already meets stringent
future emission limits today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Bio-oils for diesel engines

Renewable energy sources are not just available; they can now also be used to run
power plants economically and efficiently. Wärtsilä has the knowhow, the products
and the drive to exploit the potential of bio-oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Also in this issue

First engine sold for bio-oil operation . . 11
Differing subsidy policies challenge
the small-scale biopower business . . . 12
Wärtsilä and Haldor Topsøe in
joint fuel cell development . . . . . . . . . . 15
Development of peaking plants
for the US market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Gas-fired peaking power plant
to Raton, NM, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Plains End meets its goals. . . . . . . . . . 19
Powering an oil field ‘off-the-well’. . . . . 22
Wärtsilä expands in Ecuador . . . . . . . . 24
Brazil – land of hydropower . . . . . . . . . 26
23 MW dual-fuel power plant
to Chambersburg, PA, USA . . . . . . . . 31
Power plants need
future-ready operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The ‘E’ in training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Wärtsilä signs 100th O&M contract . . . 34
O&M in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Wärtsilä technical papers
at conferences worldwide . . . . . . . . . . 36
Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Wärtsilä Corporation Worldwide . . . . . 38
Wärtsilä Product Programme . . . . . . . 40

2 - Energy News
Issue 15
Dear Reader,
The past eighteen months are the most tumultuous I’ve experienced in the power business.
It seems that every world market has caught its own version of the flu, while worldwide
the momentum behind deregulation and privatization has slackened, causing the whole
power industry - from the major utilities to equipment suppliers - to re-evaluate the way it
does business.
Despite the undeniably challenging
business environment, two things are
clear. First, Wärtsilä will continue to
focus on the fundamentals. One of
our strengths has always been our
ability to break down complex issues
into the most basic and meaningful
components. In my opinion, our
Finnish heritage and engineering core
provides us with this ability. Second,
at Wärtsilä we will remain committed
to serving our customers, ensuring
that our installations exceed
expectations and live up to our
world-class reputation for quality.
Most importantly, Wärtsilä will
continue as a worldwide leader in
multifuel, dispersed generation. As
such, Wärtsilä is in a unique position to capitalize upon several important, growing markets
including the oil industry, small biofuelled power plants and peaking power, all featured in
this issue.
What can we look for in the future? One thing is for sure - reliability and quality of
service will be more important than ever. In developed economies, new power plants will
be smaller and will move closer to the end user because of a lack of transmission capacity
additions. In emerging economies, Wärtsilä will continue providing reliable, baseload
energy using a variety of fuels. And we’ll also continue to act as a pioneer and catalyst by
stimulating financial investments in challenging places.
At this trying time, I hope this issue will be particularly meaningful. We don’t have all of
the answers, but I do know that Wärtsilä is a special company with a history spanning over
a century. We’re in it for the long run, and we’re emerging from the storm stronger for the
experience.

Frank Donnelly
Vice President, Power Plants
Wärtsilä North America, Inc.

Energy News - 3
Issue 15
 Drivers and trends in the energy business
Wärtsilä Power,
30 years of evolution
Deregulation and privatization
have over the past thirty years
changed the focus of the energy
business in many ways. The
power generation industry as a
whole has reflected these
changes and has moved away
from large state-owned central
power utilities towards smaller
decentralized power production.
Back in the 1970s most power
plants were large units based on
steam turbines. The major owners
were municipalities, ministries and
large industrial areas needing
reliable power supply. In those days
the most typical industrial customers
were larger pulp and paper mills,
cement plants and textile factories.
At that time both nuclear and
hydropower were proving popular
in the power range above 1000 MW.
Public and private sector power
plants also used gas turbines to
4 - Energy News
Issue 15
some extent. Although smaller than
the nuclear and hydropower plants
these were still quite large
compared with power plants today.
Wärtsilä focuses on power
generation
In its early days Wärtsilä was a
relatively unknown player on the
power generation scene. At that
time the Wärtsilä group was fairly
diversified with interests in many
industries such as shipbuilding, steel
mills and paper machinery.
Power generation using
reciprocating engines was not as
common three decades ago as it is
today. The main application for
engine derived power was in small
backup plants for hospitals, airports,
hotels and industry that needed to
ensure a reliable power supply at all
times.
Engines supplied by Wärtsilä in
those years were more suitable for
power demands in the 500 kW to
5 MW range. The market for
generator sets was an established
and growing sector of the power
industry; one that Wärtsilä was
supplying to and viewed as an
evolving and growing market
worldwide.
Wärtsilä took its first major step
into the power market in 1979 with
the launch of its heavy-oil-fuelled
Wärtsilä 32 engine. This engine was
a significant step towards
establishing Wärtsilä as an
innovative manufacturer and
supplier of engine-based solutions
for the power generation industry.
Modular power plants
Then, with the introduction of
Wärtsilä’s modular design and
standardization of power plants in
the early 1980s, a new concept of
supplying power plants was created.
Modularization shortened the
total project execution time by half
and soon proved to be a successful
way of supplying power plants. In
fact, Wärtsilä’s ability to provide
fast-track plant solutions is often the
driver behind contract awards in
today’s time-conscious world.
Engine-based power production
today represents some 10 -15% of
total installed capacity. The nuclear
power industry has somewhat
decreased in size since the 1980s
and 1990s. Hydropower, on the
other hand, has been built up to
such an extent that today only
minor new projects are being
announced since most of the
potential for hydro is already in use.
Independent Power Producers
and the environment
Deregulation has also brought a
new type of customer onto the
market, the Independent Power
Producers (IPPs), who did not exist
in the late 1970s. The advent of the
IPPs placed more focus on
efficiency and profitability. This
development has led to
decentralization and thus smaller
power plants.
In recent years, the fastest
growing sector of the rapidly
evolving power market is probably
that which can be described as
‘environmental’. Tough
environmental legislation within the
power industry has encouraged
equipment manufacturers, industry
and power companies to focus on
reducing emissions and increasing
efficiencies.
Ever stricter environmental
legislation acts as a focus for both
manufacturer and end user to look
for new solutions to reduce
emissions. This increasing need to
find even more effective
environmental technologies
becomes, in itself, a driver for
research and development activities.
Current technologies need to be
even more efficient and all
resources need to be utilized to
their full potential.
Total decentralized power
solutions
Today Wärtsilä is more focused on
its core businesses. Through several
significant acquisitions, divestments
and mergers, a new company has
been built that is the world leader in
ship power systems and one of the
major global suppliers of
decentralized power plants.
Strengthening its position as a
supplier of decentralized power
plant solutions Wärtsilä has also
expanded its power plant range to
include biomass-fuelled plants.
In addition, Wärtsilä has
developed its service division to
become not only a major supplier
of spare parts for power plants but
also a significant player in the
operation and maintenance (O&M)
of power plants. Wärtsilä can
likewise provide ‘on-the-job’
training for power plant supervisors
and other key power plant
personnel.
Through the past 30 years,
Wärtsilä’s long-term vision was to
become a provider of total energy
solutions.
Through the recent creation of its
Development and Financial Services
company, Wärtsilä can now provide
its customers throughout the world
with a true ‘one-stop shop’ service.
From consultancy, feasibility and
design through to turnkey
deliveries, O&M and training,
Wärtsilä has the capability to supply
a total energy package to its
customers around the world. n
Author: Nils Norrgård,
Vice President, Power Plants,
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Energy News - 5
Issue 15
 Technology in focus
The Wärtsilä 32 meets
future demands today
Since the introduction of the
Wärtsilä 32 engine in 1978, this
prime mover has succeeded in
becoming an absolute market
leader and ‘industry standard’ in
both the marine and power plant
markets for diesel engines in the
2.5 to 7.5 MW range.
During the 1990s increasing
attention was paid to the emission
levels of prime movers. The World
bank (WB) set a limit of 2300
mg/Nm3 (= about 1100 ppm-v) NOX
emissions at 15 % O2 on land-based
installations. Wärtsilä’s response in
the 1990s was the launch of the
Wärtsilä 32LN to meet these
requirements.
During these years, new variants
in the Wärtsilä 32 engine family were
6 - Energy News
Issue 15
developed to cope with the demand
for fuel and application flexibility
(gas, dual-fuel, crude oil,
fuel-off-the-well, generator drives,
ship propulsion, pump drives,
compressor drives, etc.).
At the same time, there were
clear signs that the future would
require even lower levels of NOX
emissions and specific fuel oil
consumption. The demand for
better lifecycle economics put
pressure on both initial costs and
maintenance costs with increased
expectations for reliability. For this
reason, a major development
project was started to enable the
Wärtsilä 32 prime mover to meet
the existing performance
requirements and to provide a
strong platform for future
development of the Wärtsilä 32
family of prime movers.
This was an ambitious task,
keeping in mind the good
performance of the Wärtsilä 32
which, since its launch in 1978, had
been refined and tuned to meet
these requirements. Also the strong
market position attained by the
Wärtsilä 32 engine by 1990, in many
different applications and markets,
required that the new engine
version had to meet all the high
expectations in many different
applications from day one. No
second guesses were allowed.
The main design targets for the
development work were:
• Improved efficiency
• Lower NOX emissions, to meet
the WB requirements
• Long service intervals and low
maintenance cost
• High availability and reliability
• Lower manufacturing cost
• Application and fuel flexibility
The first newly developed Wärtsilä
32 engines, delivered to customers
in 1995, were rated according to
Table 1. The maximum continuous
rating for power plant baseload
applications was 410 kW/cyl at 720
rpm and 420 kW/cyl at 750 rpm.
Output 410 / 420 kW/cyl
Application Power Plant
Cylinder bore 320 mm
Piston stroke 400 mm
Stoke / bore ratio 1.25
Engine speed 720 / 750 rpm
Piston Speed 9.6 - 10 m/s
Break Mean Effective 21.2 / 20.8 bar
Pressure
Combustion pressure 180 bar
Table 1.
Since their introduction the number
of these engines in the market has
increased steadily and today
exceeds 300 sold for a variety of
marine and power plant
applications.
Over 1 million reported
running hours
The new Wärtsilä 32 passed the
milestone of one million reported
running hours in spring 2002.
Given this amount of field
experience it is safe to say that the
new Wärtsilä 32 is a sound and well
tested prime mover for every
application, and has met all the
design targets set when the
development work started.
Increased output with
superior reliability
With the success of the first
installations with the new Wärtsilä
32, a limited number of engines
with a higher output was released
for a few selected installations. The
purpose of these pilot installations
was to verify in real life the good
 Wärtsilä 32 Wärtsilä 32 Wärtsilä 32
results gained from high-load Marine Power baseload Power Emergency
endurance tests in the laboratory. Max output @750RPM 500 kW/cyl 460 kW/cyl 500 kW/cyl
The aim was to deliver a reliable, Max output @720RPM 480 kW/cyl 450 kW/cyl 480 kW/cyl
high-performance, medium-speed Load profile COP Limited-time running power
ISO 8528 ISO 8528
prime mover package both for the Max cyl pres. 200 bar 190 bar 200 bar
marine and the power plant Overload 10 % No No
markets. The selected pilot BMEP 24.9 bar 22.9 bar
installations were one baseload Emissions World Bank 970 ppm @ 2000 mg/Nm3
power plant running at 460 kW/cyl
and 13 marine main engines Table 2. New outputs for Wärtsilä 32.
running at 480 kW/cyl.
The results collaborated well with
the laboratory tests and all pilot NOx
IMO Marine
installations proved trouble-free in
30 %
operation. The most closely
followed test installation, an
Part of
18-cylinder Wärtsilä 18V32 baseload delivery
power plant in Bermeo in Spain,
IMO IMO -30 %
had run 9500 h at 420 kW/cyl and
has now achieved over 10,000
2000 2007 2010 Year
running hours at the new targeted
baseload output of 460 kW/cyl.
From these 14 pilot installations, NOx
970 ppm Power
the total field experience at this
higher output is now more than 710 ppm
100,000 running hours.
Part of
Based on this field and laboratory delivery
experience the new Wärtsilä 32 was
970 ppm 710 ppm
released for higher output from the
beginning of 2002.
2000 2005 2010 Year
The new output for base load
power plants is now 450 / 460 kW /
NOX emission scenario – basic level for standard engines.
cylinder, which is the same as the
earlier marine output (see also
Table 2).
Also several improvements were With these improvements the The new Wärtsilä 32 already meets
made to the engine: field-tested new Wärtsilä 32 is a these future emission limits today.
• Increased degree of balancing, reliable, high-power package offering With this development project, all
reducing vibration level and superior performance in its class. the targets set at the outset have
giving thicker oil film in main been reached. The new Wärtsilä 32
bearings New features for engine is a sound base engine for
• Improved cooling of the cylinder future demands further development of new fuel
liner, giving better temperature The land-based power plant market and application variants to meet
control and reducing wear rates is changing fast and new most present market requirements
• Bigger charge air coolers to technological challenges are as well as future challenging
reduce derating in tropical appearing every day. The biggest performance and emission
conditions challenge in the near future will be requirements. n
• Flexible cooling water flows to tighter emission limits of 710 rpm
maximize plant efficiency in NOX at 15 % O2. This limit is Author: Vesa Nurminen,
cogeneration applications already in force in Japan and will Product Manager,
become mandatory in India in 2005. Wärtsilä Engine Division

Energy News - 7
Issue 15
 Technology in focus

Bio-oils for diesel engines

The sustainability aspect of
power generation is receiving
greater priority as concern over Refined bio-diesel

the future impact of CO2

emissions on global warming Unrefined Bio-oil Refined Waste Diesel
Food Power
increases and fossil fuel reserves bio-oil refinery bio-oil industry oil power Heat
process plant
decline. The dominating source
of renewable energy today is Refinery by-products
biomass. Here we review the use
of liquid vegetable oils as a fuel
source for diesel power plants.
Fig. 1 Utilization of bio-oils. An environmental friendly way to destruct
waste and produce heat and power.
Most of the cost of operating a
diesel power plant normally comes
from the fuel. The higher the fuel Develop.project

price, the more unprofitable the

power plant is likely to be in HFO 77 80
operation. There is no avoiding this Poor-quality HFO 84 87
fact, whatever the plant’s many
Natural gas 90 92
other redeeming features are, such
as low emissions or zero impact on LPG 90 98
global warming.
Crude 93 94
Could fuel costs be reduced by
using ‘bio-oils’ such as palm oil, Bio-oils 95 2002

coconut oil and rapeseed oil? Orimulsion 96 2002

Producing these oils directly for
power production purposes has one
major disadvantage: the price is
prohibitive.
But consider vegetable oils that
have already been used or are a
by-product of the food industry.
Today these are considered merely
a waste product, Fig. 1. Assuming
these oils can be made to burn
efficiently in diesel engines, we now
have all the ingredients for a
successful power plant solution:
• Low fuel price because vegetable
oils are a waste product
• A sustainable solution that does
not deplete fossil fuel reserves
• An environmentally friendly
solution
• Emission trading and tax
advantages.
70
Fig. 2 Wärtsilä engines - fuel utilization programme.
Evolution towards bio-oils
Wärtsilä started to broaden the range
of fuels that could be burned in
diesel engines over thirty years ago
in the 1970s, when heavy fuel oil
(HFO) was recognized as a diesel
fuel, Fig. 2. This meant that the
engine started and stopped on HFO.
Oil refineries in the 1980s
produced heavily cracked residues
that made engine redesign
necessary due to the poor fuel
ignition quality. The 1990s saw the
development of various kinds of gas
engines – spark-ignited engines,
dual-fuel engines and even
80 90 2000
gas-diesel engines – as natural gas
became more widely available and
demands increased for lower
exhaust emission levels.
The application of crude oil as a
fuel at remote sites such as crude
pipeline pumping stations and oil
production field facilities was
developed in 1993 and 1994.
Orimulsion®, a water-bitumen
emulsion from Venezuela has been
the subject of extensive product
development and the first
commercial application of this
technology was introduced in 2001.
The first bio-oil evaluations were

8 - Energy News
Issue 15
 Bio-oil’s physical & Olive Palm Refined
made in 1995, resulting in the chemical property Unit LFO HFO oil stearine palm oil
approval of refined rapeseed oil as Density 15°C kg/m3 864 993 910.7 921 915.8
Viscosity 50176C mm2/s 3.0 622 21.9 32.5 30.9
a diesel fuel. This work has
M. carbon residue % m/m < 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.20 0.15
continued with the evaluation of Water % v/v 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1
other bio-oils such as palm oils and Sediment total % m/m 0.0 0.7 0.01 0.01 0.01
olive oil. Ash % m/m 0.01 0.082 0.20 0.01 0.01
Vanadium mg/kg LT 1 370 LT1 LT1 LT1
Successful development of this
Nickel mg/kg LT1 55 LT1 LT1 LT1
fuel concept depends on Sodium mg/kg LT1 30 594 LT 1 LT1
comprehensive studies of the Calcium mg/kg LT1 3 8 1 LT1
physical and chemical properties of Phosphorus mg/kg LT1 N.A. 15 2 LT1
Sulphur % m/m 0.7 2.3 0.05 0.05 0.05
the fuels combined with good Pour point °C -15 15 21 39 18
design of the fuel handling and fuel Acid number mg KOH/g LT1 LT3 136 0.08 0.12
injection systems. Naturally, the only Net calorific value MJ/kg 42.6 40.1 36.55 36.49 36.77
way to verify their functionality is
Fig. 3 Physical and chemical properties of some bio-oils compared to light
extensive testing.
fuel oil and heavy fuel oil.
Bio-oils as diesel fuel
When evaluating a new type of fuel
the first step is to ask: How does
this differ from other known and
approved fuel oil types? Figure 3
shows the properties of the three
main bio-oils (refined palm oil,
palm stearine and olive oil) under
development today and, for
comparison, an analysis of typical
Fig. 4 Visual appearance of various bio-oils. Palm stearine is solid at room
HFO and LFO (light fuel oil) grades.
temperature.
The comparison shows that
bio-oils have:
• High pour points The bio-oil processing industries consumption and exhaust gas
• Large variations in ash content offer several by-products which emissions – and to establish the
• Large variations in acid number could be used to fuel diesel engine functionality of the engine and fuel
• Low LHV (heating value), and power plants. However, the end system with them.
• Extremely low sulphur levels. product properties of these options Figure 5 shows a Wärtsilä 6L32
In Figure 4, which shows samples vary depending on the refining engine undergoing bio-oil testing.
of three types of bio-oil, stearine oil process, the origin of the raw With properly preheated fuel there
is actually solid at room material for oil production, and was no difficulty getting the Wärtsilä
temperature, and the black colour even the way the plants are 6L32 engine to start and run on
of olive oil is evident. The operated. This also applies to used refined palm oil, palm stearine and
properties of bio-oils have several vegetable oil from the food olive oil. The fuel consumption
consequences for engine design: processing industry and for this figures, appropriately corrected for
• The fuel-related systems must be reason it is essential to analyse the heating value variations, were
heated/preheated full range of fuel properties in each largely the same as in HFO
• High ash and acid fuels causing case. operation.
deposits and corrosion must be The exhaust gas emissions are in
avoided Engine testing most respects superior to
• The fuel delivery system must be The only way to verify the conventional fuel operation, Fig. 6.
checked for higher flow rates suitability of new fuels is to perform The NOX emissions may in some
(low heating value), and engine tests with them. The goal of cases exceed the corresponding
• No sulphur emissions will be the test is to gain adequate values for HFO operation but can
experienced. performance data – specific fuel oil be reduced using SCR technology.

Energy News - 9
Issue 15
 Technology in focus What’s new

Fig. 5 Wärtsilä 6L32 engine undergoing bio-oil testing.

Emission Unit LFO HFO Refined Palm Olive Oil

Palm Oil Stearing
NOX ppm, dry 15 % O2 860 970 990 990 1040
CO ppm, dry 15 % O2 40 40 50 50 50
THC (as CH4) ppm, dry 15 % O2 170 80 LT30 LT30 LT30
SO2 ppm, dry 15 % O2 118 463 <2 <2 <2
CO2 vol % 5.3 5.46 0.0 0.0 0.0
Particles mg/Nm3 at 15% O2 30 40-60 LT 10 LT 10 70

Fig. 6 Examples of emissions from bio-oil diesel operation compared to HFO

and LFO.

The CO emissions were at tests seem to be good. Long-term

roughly the same level as in LFO
and HFO operation. Total
hydrocarbon emissions were at
clearly lower levels than with
conventional fuels. Particulate
emissions were in most cases lower
than with conventional fuels except
in the case of high-ash olive oil.
However, the real benefit of
using bio-oils can be seen from the
SOx emissions, which are close to
zero. Carbon dioxide emissions are
regarded as non-existent because
they are part of the global carbon
cycle.
A promising new fuel
application
Wärtsilä has performed a series of
tests on bio-oils such as refined
palm oil, palm stearine, olive oil
and rapeseed oil. Functionality and
performance based on short-term
experience will be needed to
achieve a consistent and reliable
view of the viability of using
bio-oils. Fuels with high ash
contents and exhibiting high acidity
numbers, however, should be
avoided as they will cause corrosion
and deposit formation.
From the environmental point of
view using bio-fuels offers several
advantages. The combustion of
waste while simultaneously
generating power and heat, no
consumption of fossil fuel resources,
no sulphur emissions, and no
greenhouse effect are certainly
advantages which, combined with
emission trading, may give a
superior power solution. n
Author: Stefan Gros,
Vice President, Power Plants Technology,
Wärtsilä Finland Oy

10 - Energy News
Issue 15
First engine sold for
bio-oil operation
Renewable energy is a booming business in Europe and especially in
Germany since the Renewable Energy Law, Erneuerbare Energien
Gesetz (EEG), came into force. The EEG regulates the remuneration of
electricity generated from biomass. The term biomass covers all energy
sources derived from plants or vegetal components and their
byproducts. Bio-oils are one of these renewable energy sources.

Wärtsilä sold its first engine designed
to run on bio-oil in June 2002. The
engine is a Wärtsilä 6L32 genset
including main auxiliaries. The
genset output is 2636 kWe at 750
rpm.
The Wärtsilä 6L32 will run on
bio-oils, or more specifically
vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil,
palm oil, sunflower oil and soya oil.
Most of these oils will be used oils
from restaurants or reject oils (still
fresh) that failed to fulfil the quality
demands of the food industry.
The order was placed by
INEATEC GmbH, who plan to use
the genset to generate roughly 17
million kWh/y for feeding into the
grid. Under the EEG the local utility
will pay a fixed tariff of 9.3
cents/kWh for this electricity over
the next 20 years.
One of the major factors for
selecting the Wärtsilä engine was
Wärtsilä’s multifuel experience.
Commissioning of the bio-oil power
plant is due to take place just before
Christmas 2002. It will be the biggest
bio-oil installation in Germany.
This bio-oil project gives Wärtsilä
the opportunity to enlarge their
engine multifuel versatility and to
enter an interesting niche market. n
Author: Olaf Neum,
Sales Manager,
Wärtsilä Deutschland GmbH

Energy News - 11
Issue 15
 Drivers and trends in the energy business
Differing subsidy policies
challenge the small-scale
biopower business
Small-scale biofuel-fired
combined heat and power plants
provide a major opportunity for
steering energy production in the
direction of sustainable
development. The problem facing
EU countries today, however, is
how to provide proper incentives
for industry to build and operate
such plants.
The main energy-related challenge
for the European Union is to meet
the Kyoto targets. Under the Kyoto
Protocol, the EU is committed to
reducing its overall greenhouse gas
emissions over the period 2008-2012
by 8 % compared with 1990 levels.
Further reduction of greenhouse gas
12 - Energy News
Issue 15
emissions must be in line with the
principles of sustainable
development.
The EU is giving priority to the
development and implementation of
technology based on new and
renewable energies such as
bioenergy, wind power,
hydropower and hydrogen-based
energy. All these play an important
role in the strategy for reducing
carbon dioxide emissions and
slowing climate change.
Ambitious EU goals
The European Commission has set
the goal of doubling the percentage
of total primary energy production
provided by renewable energy from
6 % to 12 %, and of raising its share
of electricity production from 14 %
to 22 % between now and 2010.
Electricity production based on
biofuels is to be increased ten times
above its present level.
Another EU goal is to strongly
increase the percentage of heat and
power cogeneration (CHP) based
on biofuels and gas. In 1994 CHP
accounted for about 9 % of
electricity production, and this
figure should be doubled by 2010.
The investment needed to
achieve these targets has been
estimated to total EUR 165 billion by
2010. To increase electricity
generation based on biofuels to the
2010 target level will require a
commitment of at least EUR 25
billion on equipment and systems,
much of which will be spent on
small-scale CHP projects relying on
local fuel supplies.
In response to this demand,
Wärtsilä Biopower has developed
and demonstrated new small-scale
CHP plant concepts based on
biofuels, and in 2002 launched two
new modular products for
decentralized cogeneration.
The BioPower plants are modular
and will be increasingly
prefabricated by Wärtsilä. This
makes installation fast and easy,
saving both time and money. Since
these power plants run unmanned
under continuous remote control,
operation costs are minimized
likewise.
Fig. 2. The diversity of subsidy
models makes it a real challenge to
specify a commercially viable
standard product, says Jussi
Heikkinen, Vice President of
Wärtsilä Biopower.
Subsidies needed to push the
technology onto the market
Although renewable energy sources,
i.e. biofuels, are competitively
priced and the technology itself is
Fig. 3. Small-scale biofuel-fired cogeneration provides a major opportunity
for steering energy production towards sustainable development.
proven and mature, high plant
investment costs have made
electricity production based on
biofuels in many cases unprofitable.
But serial manufacture can cut the
investment costs dramatically and
make the plants competitive. To
start this process, the initial
introduction of new technology
requires external aid.
The EU has not given any
particular framework to its member
states for how they should achieve
the desired levels of renewable
energy production. Each country is
looking at its local situation,
including the local budget, and
defining its own models for
introducing and expanding
renewable energy.
As a result, the EU has no
uniform model, and different
countries have everything from
direct investment subsidies to
various, often energy-based market
instruments such as special taxation,
tariffs and certificates. In this arena
two main models, outlined below,
can be distinguished.
First model: Investment
subsidies
The principle of an investment
subsidy to boost long-term
competitiveness is used for example
in Finland. The Finnish Ministry of
Trade and Industry has decided to
raise the maximum limit for direct
subsidies on biopower plant
investments to 40 % - the same level
as for wind power.
Small-scale biofuel-fired CHP
plants are now a competitive
proposition in Finland. Until
recently, all smaller projects were
built as heat-only boiler plants and
only larger projects, 20 MWe and
upwards, were sometimes
constructed as CHP plants.
According to Mr Jussi Heikkinen,
Vice President of Wärtsilä
Biopower, the Finnish model has
the advantage that it removes the
only real barrier, the excessive
investment costs for tailor-made
small plants.
The subsidies resolve the initial
cost problem at once, encourage
companies to carry out projects,
and open the door to serial
production. The variable and
operating costs for Wärtsilä’s
technology are already at a
competitive level, Heikkinen
stresses, so the projects can
compete on their own merits,
without needing life-long tariff or
tax-based subsidies.
Energy News - 13
Issue 15
 Drivers and trends in the energy business
Second model: Tariff and
certificate models
Financial support is offered for
produced energy (EUR/MWh), in
two ways:
• Direct tariff model. Responsibility
for the subsidy is passed on to
the electricity distributors, who
must purchase renewable energy
at a higher price. Hence,
end-users may be forced to pay
extra in their bills.
• Certificate model. Electricity
distributors, which are typically
regional, must produce a certain
percentage of their total power
capacity using renewable energy
sources. If a producer does not or
will not maintain adequate
renewable capacity, he may
purchase a green certificate from
another company that has
produced the required amount
(MWh’s) of renewable energy.
The certificate and tariff models
introduce a degree of uncertainty
for investors, since to keep the
projects alive they are needed for a
long time, and political decisions
might change over the years.
Disadvantages of the tariff and
certificate models
The tariff model is in use in
Germany for plants with an output
of up to 20 MWe.
The price of electricity produced
using biofuels is now so high that
condense plants are profitable, and
so they are chosen instead of CHP.
These plants have an electrical
efficiency of just over 30 % and
almost 70 % of the valuable biofuel
energy is not utilized at all, hardly a
desirable situation.
Heikkinen explains that there is
not much point in designing a series
product for Germany on its own.
The optimum plants there are very
different from the back pressure
steam power products needed in
14 - Energy News
Issue 15
CHP applications.
The certificate model is in use for
example in the UK and Italy. The
idea behind this model is that the
end-users of electrical power pay
extra for the renewable part of
electricity that the country has set as
a target for the electricity
distributors; in other words, the
distributors pass on the costs to the
end-users directly.
The certificates should settle at a
‘market value’, which will result in
the profitable construction of
renewable energy plants. The
principal models are in place but
discussion for the moment is mainly
focusing on the correct fee issue,
i.e. what will be the correct fee for
those who do not produce enough
renewable power and do not hold
certificates either.
Heikkinen mentions Sweden as
an example. The country is
introducing the certificate model
next year, but the proposed ceiling
certificate price, which determines
the level of ‘penalty’, for the years
2004 and 2005 is so low that energy
companies will be more interested
in paying up than in building new
capacity.
Suppliers of small biopower
plants have to face the fact that
there is no optimum product for all
the subsidy structures in different
countries. They need to prioritize
their markets according to their
business potential and other related
factors.
Wärtsilä sets sights
on global market
Biofuels are going to change the
combined heat and power scene.
The natural first place for CHP is
where biomass, such as sawdust
and bark, is an inexpensive
by-product, and where the heat
produced in the CHP process can
be recovered and used efficiently in
industrial processes or as district
heat for the local community.
Accordingly, Wärtsilä Biopower’s
first customers for its new power
plant concepts have been sawmills.
Using biopower technology,
sawmills can convert 15 - 25 % of
the energy content of the biomass
byproducts to electricity, and 55 -
70 % to usable heat, depending on
the process requirements and
connections. Besides sawmills, the
concept makes sound sense for
other industries with their own
supply of biofuel and for municipal
energy utilities with access to local
biofuels.
Wärtsilä Biopower has its sights
firmly set on global exports of its
technology. Its mission is to be the
first global supplier of small-scale
combined heat and power plants.
Wärtsilä aims to increase sales of
biopower solutions to five times the
present level by 2005, at the same
time becoming the clear market
leader.
For the near future Wärtsilä
Biopower will continue to focus on
cost efficiency by further improving
the modular structure of the power
plants for serial production.
The diversity of forms of subsidy
is not the only challenge, Heikkinen
points out. Turning new technology
into commercial products suitable
for serial manufacture raises many
other issues, given the wide variety
of biofuels and the relatively small
average size of the fuel sources.
There is enormous business
potential for small products. n
Author: Lauri Kinnunen, TechKnowledge.
Based on an interview of Jussi Heikkinen,
Vice President, Wärtsilä Biopower unit.
 What’s new
Wärtsilä and Haldor Topsøe
in joint fuel cell development
Wärtsilä has started working with
the Danish technology company
Haldor Topsøe A/S in fuel cell
technology. The development
programme aims to bring to the
market highly efficient, clean and
cost-competitive fuel cell products
with power outputs above 200 kW
for distributed power generation
and marine applications.
Solutions for cogeneration
The programme combines the
competences of both companies.
Wärtsilä will apply its know-how in
decentralized power plant
applications and marine propulsion
systems, while Haldor Topsøe
brings long experience and a
leading position in developing
catalysts for the oil industry and
planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
technology.
The fuel cell development
programme is part of Wärtsilä’s
strategy to provide environmentally
friendly solutions for customers with
varying power generation needs.
SOFC technology will provide
products for cogeneration
applications with ultra-low emission
levels, high efficiency and
outstanding reliability.
Front-rank knowhow
in fuel cells
Haldor Topsøe, with its head office
in Lyngby, Denmark, is a global
technology and catalyst company
focused on heavy chemical,
petrochemical, refinery,
environmental and energy
Hydrocarbons
Bio-fuels
Operating at
O
650 - 800 C
Air
conversion related technologies.
The company has worked for years
on the development of fuel cells
and fuel processing systems for
several fuel cell technologies.
In the past five years,
development has concentrated on
solid oxide fuel cell technology.
Topsøe’s position within SOFC
technology is to a significant degree
based on 10 years participation, also
financially, in the Danish SOFC Fuel
Cell programme led by the Danish
National Laboratory at Risø and
supported by the Danish
government and the Danish energy
sector. n
Emissions Valuable high
H 2O, CO2 temperature heat
Internal
reforming to
form H2, CO2, CH 4
Catalysts Anode
Electrode
Oxygen Ions DC
Current
Catalysts Cathode
Energy News - 15
Issue 15
 Meeting the world’s energy needs

Development of
peaking plants for
MW the US market
During the 1990s a steady 5-7.5 MW unit range during
Centralized

increase in electricity demand 2001-2002*.

placed the transmission system
in the USA under great strain.
Wärtsilä’s response was a
peaking power plant solution
designed to run parallel to the
transmission grid when demand
for electricity is at its highest. To
offer its customers the latest
technology, Wärtsilä started a
design project at the beginning of
Decentralized
Dispersed generation is defined as
small to medium-sized decentralized
power plants, generating typically
20-150 MW of electricity and
traditionally based on gas turbine
technology. The Wärtsilä 34SG was a
natural choice for this plant
application due to its size, 5.7 MW,
and excellent performance history.
The 18-cylinder Wärtsilä

2002 to optimize the peaking 18V34SG, launched in 1995, was

power plant design based on the
new 20-cylinder Wärtsilä
20V34SG gas engine.
Wärtsilä’s gas engines offer several
crucial advantages over traditional
gas turbine peaking plants due to
their inherent technical benefits:
• High efficiency in simple cycle at
full and part load
Dispersed
predominantly used in European
co-generation applications. Over the
years it has gone through several
stages of development and
adaptations to meet different market
requirements.
Wärtsilä has sold a number of
such plants in the USA during
recent years, the largest being the
Plains End project in Arvada,
Colorado (see pages 19-21). This

• Low variable cost of operation peaking plant uses twenty

• Quick and flexible load response 18-cylinder Wärtsilä 34SG engines
• Low environmental impact as prime movers, producing a net
• Relative insensitivity to ambient
conditions
• Fast start-up time.
Together with Wärtsilä’s core
competences such as a high level of
standardization, fast-track delivery
and full-service capabilities, these
Distributed

advantages enabled Wärtsilä to

capture a significant share of the
North American market for
dispersed generation peaking
plants: two out of three gas engines
sold in North America in the Wärtsilä 18V34SG

* 2002 statistics, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide.

16 - Energy News
Issue 15
total of 111 MW of electricity to the
grid. Plains End is the largest
gas-fired reciprocating engine plant
in North America and one of the
largest of its kind in the world.
To build and commission this
power plant within 11 months from
‘Notice to Proceed’ required expert
planning, good co-ordination and
dedication from all involved. Above
all, it required a first-rate plant
design.
The Wärtsilä 20V34SG
This year Wärtsilä introduced a new
addition to its spark-ignited gas
engine portfolio, the 20-cylinder
Wärtsilä 20V34SG as a natural
development of the 34SG-series
engine. The first engine was installed
in Bermeo, Spain, and the running
experience has been very positive
(see Energy News, Issue 13).
The second major inspection of
the engine was carried out in
Bermeo in June 2002, after the
Wärtsilä 20V34SG
engine reached 3,000 running
hours. Components including the
pistons, cylinder liners, cylinder
heads, camshafts, tappets,
turbochargers, filters and bearings
were inspected and all were noted
to be in excellent condition.
During the commercial operating
period (from 1 March 2001
onwards) the Wärtsilä 20V34SG has
achieved an availability of over
98 % and by the end of 2002 will
have accumulated an estimated
5200 running hours.
Overhead Rigid std. pre-fabricated
crane steel frames
EG-set
Expansion vessel
Engine hall
ventilation unit
Pipe module
Charge air silencer
Peaking power solutions with
the Wärtsilä 20V34SG
To offer Wärtsilä customers the
latest technology, a design project
was started at the beginning of 2002
to optimize the peaking power
plant design based on the Wärtsilä
20V34SG gas engine.
To ensure that the updated
design contained all the advantages
of the original solution, the same
demanding requirements were set
on the new plant as on the previous
design based on the Wärtsilä
18V34SG engine. Wärtsilä also
collected feedback from existing
peaking plants to improve the plant
solution even further.
The following improvements
were made to decrease installation
time and optimize reliability:
• A new prefabricated pipe module
• Prefabricated, modularized charge
air and exhaust gas pipe bracket
• Improvements to service
platforms for easy service access,
also reducing maintenance costs
• Relocation of rupture discs
outside the powerhouse for better
maintenance access
• Generator cooling air ducted to
the outside to reduce power
house temperature.
Rupture disc
OxiCat
Charge air
preheater unit
Charge Air Filter
Aux. ventilation unit
The first Wärtsilä 20V34SG peaking
plant in North America is currently
being installed by the Arkansas
River Power Authority in Raton,
New Mexico. Wärtsilä’s contract
with ARPA includes supplying the
prime mover and main auxiliary
modules for a 7.3 MW plant (see
page 18).
Future development continues
Market requirements demand higher
and higher reliability and
performance during peak periods.
To that end Wärtsilä will continue
to develop its total plant concepts
parallel with further development of
the spark-ignited, gas-fired engines.
Wärtsilä expects the 20V34SG to be
a major force in the future of
dispersed generation plants - not
only in North America but
worldwide. n
Authors:
Anders Eklund,
Section Manager, Power Plants Technology,
Wärtsilä Finland Oy and
Mikael Backman,
Area Sales Manager,
Wärtsilä North America Inc.
Energy News - 17
Issue 15
 What’s new
Gas-fired peaking power
plant to Raton, NM, USA
Arkansas River Power Authority
(ARPA) has ordered a 7 MWe
gas-fired peaking power plant
from Wärtsilä to increase the
reliability of power supply to its
customers in Raton, New Mexico,
USA. The plant will be used for
intermediate peaking and as
back-up for a 7.5 MWe coal-fired
power plant.
The pre-engineered and pre-
packaged Raton power plant will
feature the 20-cylinder Wärtsilä
20V34SG gas engine. The plant will
operate for up to 5000 hours per year.
The installation will be completed
during the first quarter of 2003.
The Raton plant will be operating
at 6,700 FASL (feet above sea level).
ARPA regarded as extremely
significant the Wärtsilä technology’s
ability to maintain ISO heat rate and
output at this elevation.
USA
Raton, New Mexico
18 - Energy News
Issue 15
Expertise and
experience decisive
Wärtsilä won the contract in the
face of tough domestic and
international competition. Both gas
turbine and gas engine power
plants were considered. In the end
ARPA chose the Wärtsilä gas engine
solution because of Wärtsilä’s
expertise and experience of
supplying reliable power at high
altitudes.
“We were awarded the contract
due to our faster implementation
time, the plant’s lower operating
costs and increased control,
especially when demand for
electricity is at its highest,” said
Frank Donnelly, Vice President,
Power Plants for Wärtsilä in North
America.
“This contract solidifies the
continued growth of our power
plants for peaking power use. The
Raton plant will enable ARPA to
overcome critical issues such as
output, emissions and continued
peak performance.”
The Arkansas River Power
Authority (ARPA) was established in
1979 as a joint action agency and
political subdivision of the State of
Colorado. Headquartered in Lamar,
Colorado, ARPA serves its municipal
member systems of Holly, La Junta,
Lamar, Las Animas, Springfield and
Trinidad, Colorado, and Raton, New
Mexico.
Innovative peak shaving
technology
Wärtsilä has won orders from across
the United States for more than
250 MWe for peak shaving plants to
be used for power supply when
demand is at its highest.
These innovative, pre-packaged
power plants are the first
reciprocating engine plants to be
tailored to the needs of the larger
gas-fired peaking market. They
were developed to address the
unique peak and intermediate
energy requirements of North
America.
When compared to the traditional
technology used in similar US
power plants, Wärtsilä plants offer
faster delivery times, lower
emissions, lower operating costs, no
continuous water requirements, an
approximate 23 % increase in
efficiency, and a scalable design that
more closely matches customer
needs. n
 Inside view

Plains End meets its goals

Wärtsilä reciprocating engine
technology was the critical
reason behind the success of the
Plains End project. Unlike gas
turbines, reciprocating engines
demonstrate consistent heat rate
and output at the ‘mile-high’
elevation of the High Plains even
during hot summer days when
the ambient temperature can
approach 40 ºC. During the
performance test at site, Plains
End units achieved 44.2 %
efficiency (LHV) at full load, and
39.7 % efficiency (LHV) at 50 %
load. Compared to competing
gas turbines, that’s more than a
20 % higher level of efficiency.

Fig. 2 Wärtsilä Line Dance.

Fig. 1 Plains End, 20 x Wärtsilä
18V34SG, operating at full load of
111 MW.
In February 2001, Wärtsilä North
America, Inc. signed a contract with
PG&E NEG to engineer, procure,
construct and commission a
111 MW peaking natural-gas-fired
reciprocating engine power plant in
Denver, Colorado. Construction of
the power plant facility started in
June 2002, and only ten months
later the plant was ready for
commissioning.
The plant is sited where the
famous high plains of North
America end abruptly at the foothills
of the majestic Rocky Mountains in
Golden, Colorado. East from the site
are the stunning Great Plains over
two kilometres above sea level,
Fig. 3 Wärtsilä 18V34SG, 5.73 MW
unit.
while looking west offers a
magnificent view of the Rockies.
The name Plains End was more
than appropriate for the innovative
new power plant.
Plains End produces electricity
under a 10-year power purchase
agreement with Xcel Energy,
Minnesota. Plains End, LLC is a
wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of
PG&E National Energy Group,
headquartered in Bethesda,
Maryland. PG&E National Energy
Group develops, builds, owns and
operates electric generating and
natural gas pipeline facilities. It also
provides energy trading, marketing
and risk-management services.
Largest in North America
The innovative Plains End facility is
the largest natural-gas-fired internal
combustion generating installation
in North America. The project is
based on Wärtsilä product
technology, a pre-engineered,
pre-packaged line-up of twenty
gas-fired, spark-ignited reciprocating
engine/generating sets.
The power plant consists of two
power blocks, each with ten
generating sets. The blocks are

Energy News - 19
Issue 15
 Inside view

Plains End stands as a model for

others, balancing the current and
future energy needs of the Denver
area while being sensitive to local
environmental concerns. The
exhaust gases discharged from the
engines are virtually invisible. The
closed loop cooling system with
fin-fan coolers dissipates the heat to
the ambient air without any
disturbing visible vapour plumes.

Fig. 4 Wärtsilä Peaking power plant, Plains End, 111 MW. Flying high at 6150
feet (1875 m).
located at each side of a central more than 110,000 homes in
complex housing the control room, suburban Denver.
electrical annex and workshops.
The twenty Wärtsilä 18V34SG units Meeting environmental
generate electricity at a voltage of concerns
13.8 kV, which is then converted to Local authorities were initially
a distribution voltage of 230 kV by concerned about the environmental Fig. 5 Lubrication oil storage tanks for
two step-up transformers in the impact of the plant - high rising the whole plant. Urea tank on the right
adjacent substation. columns of exhaust smoke or hand side.
Plains End brings to Colorado continuous steam clouds rising from
valuable benefits that are unique to cooling towers, familiar from other
Another factor that helped make
this technology. It is the most technologies - as well as the plant’s
the facility acceptable to the local
fuel-efficient simple-cycle peaking visual impact on the beautiful
community was its location away
facility in the Rocky Mountains and scenery in the area.
from residential areas, along with
also the cleanest from the
standpoint of air emissions. Unlike
other natural gas generating
technologies, it does not require
continuous use of valuable
Colorado water.
Furthermore, its close proximity
to the metropolitan Denver area,
and the rapid start and fast ramping
capability it provides, significantly
enhances overall electric system
reliability. The Plains End plant is
able to deliver enough electricity for

USA

Denver, Colorado
Fig, 6 Control room.

20 - Energy News
Issue 15
the plant’s low profile including
stacks less than 20 metres high.
One of the few criticisms of
reciprocating engines has been their
air emissions. The Plains End plant,
however, goes a long way towards
meeting this concern.
First, the engines are fuelled by
natural gas, which yields
considerably lower emissions of CO
and NOX than engines running on
diesel fuel. Second, each engine is
equipped with post-combustion
controls: both a CO catalyst to
reduce carbon monoxide (CO) and
a selective catalytic reactor (SCR) to
reduce the nitrogen oxides.
At Plains End, the final stack
emission levels have been well

Fig. 9 Engine room.

Fig. 7 The Wärtsilä operating
interface system (WOIS).
below the expected values of 18
ppm 15 % O2 for CO and 9 ppm
15 % O2 for nitrogen oxides.
High supply reliability
The Plains End project also offers a
superb rapid response and load
following capability, which gives
the energy distribution systems the
required degree of reliability. The
plant is connected to Xcel Energy’s
Automatic Generation Control
(AGC) system in Denver Dispatch
Center, from where it is operated
remotely using numerous dispatch
algorithms that allow the dispatcher
to decide the most responsive or
economical mode of operation.
The plant’s multiple-unit
arrangement enables ramp-up from
a warm standby to full plant load of
111 MW in less than 10 minutes.
With this feature the Wärtsilä
Fig. 8 The 13.8 kV switchgear room.
peaking power plant is considered a
virtual operating reserve even when
not running.
Moreover, when a specific plant
dispatch mode is selected, the plant
follows the AGC-initiated load
demand by ramping the plant load
up and down at a maximum rate of
12 MW/min between 50 % and
100 % of the full rated output. This
enables the utility to absorb load
swings in the energy distribution
system.
The Plains End 111 MW peaking
power plant entered commercial
service in May 2002. PG&E NEG,
the plant’s owner, has since
contracted the operations and
maintenance of the Plains End plant
to Wärtsilä North America, Inc. n
Author and photos:
Sami Myllyviita,
Project Manager,
Wärtsilä North America Inc.
Fig. 10 Auxiliary units.

Energy News - 21
Issue 15
 What’s new
Powering an oil field
‘off-the-well’
An advanced crude-oil-burning
power plant in the jungle of
Ecuador alongside the Huaorani
Indians, mosquitoes and PLC
cards. Greg Morales, Business
Development Manager of
Wärtsilä Ecuador, S.A., reviews
the installation of a 36 MW power
plant supplied by Wärtsilä to
Repsol-YPF, a private oil
company with exploration rights
in Ecuador.
The Oleoducto Crudo Pesado (OCP
- Heavy Crude Pipeline) will allow
the transportation of crude oil from
the Amazon jungle in Ecuador to
the Pacific Ocean. Once on stream,
expected in July 2003, the pipeline
will enable the oil companies
established in Ecuador to increase
production from their fields in the
western region of Ecuador.
This additional crude oil
production has required the oil
22 - Energy News
Issue 15
companies to make new plans to
optimize their existing oil and
power production facilities, build
more efficient ones, increase their
transportation capabilities, and
re-plan their future expansion.
Oil production to be
more than doubled
Repsol-YPF Ecuador S.A., a
subsidiary of the Spanish
multinational oil company
Repsol-YPF, is the operator of the
heavy crude oil production facility
Block 16 (220,000 hectares) in
eastern Ecuador.
Repsol-YPF was awarded the
rights to explore and extract oil in
the area back in 1991. The proven
remaining crude oil reserves are 480
million barrels and the present
production of the block is close to
28,000 barrels per day (bpd).
Block 16 is divided into two
production fields: the Northern
Production Facility (NPF) and the
Southern Production Facility (SPF).
The crude oil produced at the NPF
is 18.6º API and at the SPF is 15.3º
API. The present power generation
at Block 16 is 80 MW generated
using gas turbines and some small
gas engines.
In order to accomplish their
objective, Repsol-YPF plans to
increase their oil production to
77,800 bpd by 2011. This will
include 75,000 bpd free for exporting
to the pipeline and 2,800 bpd for
power production, which will be
increased to a total of 90 MW.
New power generation
capacity
To expand their production,
Repsol-YPF Ecuador, like the other
oil companies, has decided to build
a new power generation plant
running on crude oil. The same
strategy has been chosen for the
pumping and generating stations for
the OCP pipeline.
Repsol-YPF Ecuador has chosen
Wärtsilä as the EPC contractor for its
new-generation facility at the SPF.
During the first phase, Wärtsilä will
supply a 36 MW power plant
comprising six Wärtsilä 32
18-cylinder crude oil engines.
“We decided on the Wärtsilä 32LN
because, among other things, it is
the only internal combustion engine
that has proven references for
burning heavy crude oil both
worldwide and especially in
Ecuador,” said Patricio Ortega,
Project Manager for Repsol-YPF
Ecuador.
Tight nine-month schedule
This power plant is a real challenge
due to the aggressive fast-track
construction timetable of nine
months, especially considering the
remote location of the SPF at Block
16.
Even the transportation of the
engines is a delicate project by
itself. Wärtsilä has studied the
different options to transport them
to the site, including shipping from
Manaus through the Amazon River.
However, in January 2003, when
the transportation must take place,
the secondary rivers will be at their Ecuador and Wärtsilä have given
lowest level, making navigation Top priority on environment special priority to its environmental
impossible. So instead the engines and safety and safety issues, including respect
will be shipped from Finland to the “We want to ensure that this power for the local native peoples. Both
Esmeraldas Port on the Pacific plant is a second-to-none world parties well understand that the area
Ocean via the Panama Canal. They reference in the burning of heavy surrounded by Block 16 is of great
will then be transported by land crude oil,” stated Rodrigo ecological importance to Ecuador
from sea level up over the Cienfuegos, General Manager for and the entire world.
snow-capped Andes Mountains and Power Plants, Wärtsilä Ecuador. It is what we should call a truly
down again to the Amazon jungle - “Wärtsilä has placed Ecuador on global project: discussions in Madrid
a real roller coaster ride for the 100 the energy map as the best and Quito, approvals from Buenos
tons of gensets. reference for heavy crude oil Aires and Houston, engineering
Once the engines arrive at the burning power generation in the from Finland, supply from all over
site, they will be placed in an open world. I have enjoyed the long Europe and the USA. It’s been fun,
engine hall to avoid the sessions during the commercial and and you certainly haven’t heard the
accumulation of combustion gases contractual negotiations with last of this project. n
from the handling of heavy crude everybody in Repsol-YPF, and my
oils. The power plant, incorporating colleagues at Wärtsilä are equally Author and photos: Gregorio Morales,
the latest crude oil burning enthusiastic to build a top-quality Business Development Manager,
technology, will be operational by plant for Repsol-YPF.” Wärtsilä del Ecuador S.A.
mid-2003. In addition to the technical
aspects of the project, Repsol-YPF

Energy News - 23
Issue 15
 Inside view

Wärtsilä
Ecuador’s Crude Oil Pipeline
project is a shot in the arm for a
country recovering from war and
economic collapse. Wärtsilä’s
presence has strengthened and
today Wärtsilä Ecuador is the hub
of Wärtsilä’s operations
throughout northern and western
South America.

Back in 1996, Ecuador was going

through some truly tough times.
After a war with Peru and the
destruction wrought by the freak El
Niño winds, the economy crashed
and Ecuadorians were left feeling
very uncertain about their future.
Panic stepped in and people with
the means emigrated, mostly to the
USA and Spain, in hopes of a better
future. New governments were
appointed; some were
diplomatically shelved while others
were threatened with a national
rebellion that gathered Indians and
the military as never before to
remove the President.
Decisions had to be made and
Ecuador found stability in a
monetary system based on the US
dollar. Foreign and investment
companies stayed and the economy
eventually started to recover.

Booming oil sector

One of these companies was
Wärtsilä, which attended its existing
engines with excellent service while
developing new projects for local
industry and government. As the
economy stabilized we started to
receive more frequent bids for
various types of projects. One of the
industries requiring our expertise
and engines was the oil sector.

24 - Energy News
Issue 15
expands in Ecuador
It all started with the most
important oil project in the country
for the last 20 years, the new
Oleoducto Crudo Pesado (OCP -
Heavy Crude Pipeline). This project
will enable the oil companies in
Ecuador to double their exports.
Most of the Investing Oil
Companies supported this project
and needed power to reach the
quota established by the Master
Company (OCP Limited).
Negotiations took a long time and
meetings were held in both Buenos
Aires and Quito before the decision
was made to award Wärtsilä the
contract to supply 22 pumping
stations and six power generating The 16 MW AGIP Villano power plant is powered by three Wärtsilä 16V32
sets. gensets. Operating on crude oil from the Villano oil field, they supply power
for the Central Process Facility, drilling pumps and shipping pumps.
Wärtsilä expands
With Wärtsilä now firmly
established in the country, our next contracts, ensuring that Ecuador’s created a solid foundation for
task was the hard job of organizing new 256 MW of electricity capacity supporting our customers.
logistics and site operations. We is powered by Wärtsilä. With well trained personnel,
have seen a remarkable effort by Our larger presence and our backed up by local and factory
Wärtsilä’s top management and desire to respond immediately to specialists, we are well equipped to
power plant sales team to complete customer needs made it necessary carry out all the maintenance tasks
this task. recently to move to a new location, required at the sites, from daily
Wärtsilä has become the main 20 minutes from downtown Quito. maintenance, provision of
supplier of equipment and power The new Wärtsilä Ecuador Complex personnel for scheduled and
plants for most of the oil is a three-storey building with unscheduled maintenance, and
companies. Our goal is to offices for Administration, Service, workshop and special services, up
successfully fulfill all of our Power Plants, O&M and Projects. to full O&M services.
Another building on the site With Wärtsilä Ecuador now the
accommodates logistics and a headquarters for business in the
service workshop. There are also north and western region of South
plans to extend the workshop and America, we are well aware of the
warehousing capabilities, if needed. need to maintain the highest
We have also enhanced our standards in order to keep our wide
after-sales capabilities. The first full variety of customers satisfied in the
O&M contract in Ecuador was future. n
signed in 1997 and the second in
2000. These contracts, along with Author: Carlos Zavala,
development of our Field Service Sales Support Engineer,
and Workshop capabilities, has Wärtsilä del Ecuador S.A.

Energy News - 25
Issue 15
 Inside view

Brazil – land of hydropower

Brazil’s energy crisis in 2001 led
to a programme of emergency
power generation under which
Wärtsilä successfully completed
three projects – Promon,
Petrolina and Termocabo –
providing a total of 208 MW of
power. A further 96 MW of
Wärtsilä power was added this
autumn with a barge-mounted
power plant at Aratu Bay.
Brazil is a truly enormous country.
Its surface area, 8.5 million
square-kilometres, is equivalent to
the whole of the continental USA
plus half of Alaska and comparable
to the size of Europe. Brazil’s
population is approximately 170
million and its GDP is around US$
550 billion. Brazil is also responsible
for more than 50 % of the energy
market in South America.
Brazil’s installed electricity
production capacity is 74,000 MW,
and in 2000 the average utilization
Itaipu Hydro Power plant
of this capacity was 41,000 MW.
The country’s net consumption is
roughly similar to that of the United
Kingdom, Fig. 1. However, unlike
the majority of most developed
countries, consumption has grown
steadily at a high rate during the
past 20 years (Fig. 2), despite
international and internal economic
cycles and crises. Indeed, over the
past 10 years it was necessary to
build more than 1000 MW (mean)
every year in order to supply the
load increase, as Figure 3 shows.
All this means that Brazil is a very
important market for equipment
manufacturers in the world. A
market, though, that has unique
characteristics that must be
understood if you are to succeed in
doing business there.
First of all, as Figure 4 shows, the
power generation system is
predominately hydro with large
interconnected water reservoirs
organized in a complex topology
over several river basins connected
by long-distance transmission lines.
Figure 5, showing these
transmission lines superimposed on
the map of Europe, gives some idea
of the scale of the system.
Different river basins have
different hydrological cycles.
Because of the distances involved,
the effects of special long-term
climatic phenomena like the El Niño
and La Niña currents, are also
different. This means that the

TWh 45,000
450
40,000
400
35,000
350
30,000
300 25,000
MW mean

250 20,000
200 15,000

150 10,000

100 5,000

50 0
1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

0
Brazil France Spain UK Italy Year

Fig. 1 Electrical energy consumption (year Fig. 2 Mean electrical energy consumption in Brazil
2000)

26 - Energy News
Issue 15
thermal power plants in the
hydro-dominant system must
complement the generation of
hydropower to minimize total
generation costs.
Three basic operating modes are
needed: full-year peak load
operation, dry-period baseload
operation, and standby operation.
The energy crisis 2001
Figure 6 shows the equivalent
reservoir levels of the two most
important Brazilian regions,
Northeast and Southeast. It clearly
shows that over the past four years
the reservoirs have been drying up.
The main reason has been load
growth (Fig. 2) coupled with delay
in the installation of new-generation
power plants owing to regulatory
problems.
The ‘final straw’ was an electricity
crisis in 2001 triggered by a lack of
rain in the three first months of the
year coupled with an increasing
demand for electricity. As a result
the water level in the reservoirs
reached a critical low level of 20 %
in the Southeast Region and 10 % in
the Northeast Region. Many large
Growth (%)
15%
10%
5%
0%
1982 1984 1986 1988
-5%
Growth (%)
Growth (MW mean)
-10%
Fig. 3 Electrical energy growth
hydropower plants ceased
operating, leaving the power system
more vulnerable to fewer power
plants and long overloaded
transmission lines.
In June 2001 the government set
up the Electricity Energy Crisis
Management Board (GCEE), which
was granted special powers to deal
with the crisis. The GCEE
immediately instituted rationing in
three of the four geographical areas
- Southeast, Northeast and North -
with the target of saving 20 %.
These areas correspond to roughly
80 % of the country’s GDP and
population.
Figures 2 and 3 show that the
programme was a success: the load
decreased 2000 MW and returned to
1998 levels. However, before this
result became known, a programme
for contracting emergency
generation (an additional temporary
energy supply to work as
‘insurance’ for the consumer) was
started in September 2001.
The plan was to contract more
than 4500 MW of distributed power
plants in the range of 10 MW to
350 MW to complement the
Growth (MW mean)
3000 100
2000
1000
0 40
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
-1000
Year
-2000
-3000
Fig. 4 Electrical energy sources
hydro-generation system over the
following three and half years. This
‘complement operation’ could vary
from months on standby to
providing baseload power with a
minimum 88 % capacity.
A public energy trader (CBEE)
was set up to buy energy from
independent power producers and
the contracting schedule for this
generation is shown below.
Public call for bids September 2001
Reception of October 2001
proposals
Analysis, selection October-November 2001
and siting
Contracting January 2002
Start operation January/July 2002
Contracting period January/July 2002
(Operation period) until 31 December 2005
The contracting schedule.
This fast-track construction period
(less than 6 months) opened up the
market to second-hand power
plants such as barges and small
mobile units while the short
contracting period (3.5 years)
supported the rental business.
Wärtsilä’s fast-track response
Despite the short construction and
contracting periods, Wärtsilä Brazil
%
Brazil
80
World
60
20
0
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Gas
Nuclear
Energy News - 27
Issue 15
 Inside view

was contacted by many

organizations interested in setting
up IPP companies using new
equipment. In the early stages we
were working with no less than
nine developers in 18 projects,
covering 1096 MW of installed
Belem

Tocantins
Natal

Salvador
Brasilia

Rio de Janeiro
Itaipa Sao Paulo

Argentina
capacity. We based our turnkey
power plant offers on the Wärtsilä
200, 32DF, 38, 46 and 50DF engines
depending on the project needs and
product availability.
230 kV
Wärtsilä Development and
345 kV
Financial Services prepared and
500 kV submitted bids for five projects to
750 kV CBEE while Wärtsilä Finland and
Hydro Power Wärtsilä Brazil participated in the
remaining 13 as equipment supplier
and turnkey contractor. All the
Fig. 5 Brazilian transmission system superimposed over the map of Europe. Brazilian projects were handled by
Wärtsilä Brazil.
100.0%
The tender was closed on 11
October 2001 and proposals for 124
90.0%
generating units with a total
80.0%
capacity 4058 MW were submitted.
% of storage capacity

70.0%
GCEE recommended the purchase
60.0% of 58 power plants with a total
50.0% output of 2155 MW. Geographically
40.0% the installed capacity was divided
30.0%
into 1543 MW for the Northeast
20.0%
Region and 612 MW for the
South East system
Southeast / Central Region.
10.0%
North East system
CBEE started to call successful
0.0%
Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02
bidders for discussions and most
were able to sign the PPA before
Fig. 6 Level of the reservoirs the final date, 11 January 2002. The

28 - Energy News
Issue 15
average contract price was close to
290 R$/MWh (100 R$/MWh for
fixed payment).
Wärtsilä was at this stage
negotiating seven projects with
successful IPP owners, with an
aggregate output of 520 MW.
However, not all the IPP owners
had closed the financing for their
projects and as time passed several
of the projects had to be withdrawn
or changed to the rental of small
generator sets.
After 11 September 2001,
financing became more difficult
particularly for projects in Brazil due
to the international situation and
Construction work by Promon
Engenharia.
South America’s economic
problems. However, supported by
Wärtsilä Development and Financial
Services’ legal department and with
the early involvement of the Project
Department in each project, Wärtsilä
successfully completed three
projects: Promon, three Wärtsilä
18V38 engines (equipment supply,
31.8 MW); and Petrolina, eight
Wärtsilä 18V46 (EPC, 128 MW); and
Termocabo, three Wärtsilä 18V46
engines (EPC, 48 MW).
Wärtsilä Operation &
Maintenance secured operation and
maintenance contracts for
Termocabo and Petrolina and an
operation supervisory agreement
with Promon.
The Petrolina Power Plant.
Wärtsilä projects
Promon
The Brazilian IPP company Ute
Bahia I - Camacari Ltda (our project
name Promon) ordered three
Wärtsilä 18V38 engines with
electrical and mechanical
equipment for a baseload power
plant in Salvador, Bahia State. This
plant, running on heavy fuel oil, has
an output of 32 MWe (total
generator output). The site work,
commissioning and tests were
supervised by Wärtsilä Brazil and
performed by Promon Engenharia,
the major shareholder in the IPP.
Petrolina
Companhia Energetica de Petrolina
S.A. (our project name Petrolina),
from São Paulo in Brazil ordered a
baseload power plant with eight
Wärtsilä 18V46 engines. The
HFO-fired power plant, with a net
output of 128 MWe, is a turnkey
delivery to the IPP company located
in Petrolina, Pernambuco State.
The first major shipment was
made together with Termocabo’s
first shipment on a chartered ship
leaving Finland on 25 March 2002.
After 16 days at sea the freight
arrived in Brazil but was then held
up for 35 days by a customs strike.
We were also facing local transport
difficulties which delayed the road
transport of the first engine by two
months. Uncertainties in transport
time with a variation of 13 to 46
days per engine from the port to the
site (843 km) did not make
planning of the erection at site any
easier.
The last engine reached the site
on time only 16 days before the
commercial operating date (COD).
Phase 1 (four generator sets) was
ready for dispatch on 11 September
2002 and Phase 2 (four generator
sets) on 11 October 2002. This was
seven and eight months after the
zero date respectively and in
accordance with our contractual
obligations. Good co-operation
between Wärtsilä and the customer
made this achievement possible.
Energy News - 29
Issue 15
 Inside view
From a jungle to a power plant in 7.5 months (same spot).
Termocabo
The IPP company Termocabo Ltda from Brazil ordered
a baseload power plant with three Wärtsilä 18V46
engines. This HFO-fired power plant, with a net output
of 48 MWe, is a turnkey delivery to the independent
power producer in Recife in the Northeast Region.
The first shipment of main equipment was made on
25 March 2002 only 49 days after the zero date and was
followed by another two major shipments. Despite the
same difficulties as in the Pertolina project with customs
and transportation delays, plus 90 days of severe rain at
the site out of 200 installation days, the project and the
site teams were able to complete the project within 7.5
months by the COD date 19 September 2002.
Old FELS barges in Bahia
The largest of the barge-mounted power plants of the
Emergency Energy Program (PEE), started operating
from September 15, at Aratu Bay in the state of Bahia.
The Nordeste Generation power plants will have 190
MW total generating capacity.
The power plant is an investment of around US$100
million by Singapore's Keppel group. The money has
been used in the construction and transportation of the
barges. According to Nordeste Generation, the local
representatives of Keppel, another US$6 million has
been invested in Bahia for the infrastructure works for
mooring the barges.
Work on land includes construction of a high-tension
substation and a 4 km transmission line (230 volts)
connecting the system to the Companhia Hidro Elétrica
do São Francisco (Chesf) distribution network, as well
as work on marine engineering.
30 - Energy News
Issue 15
The power plant consists of five floating plants and
two auxiliary barges, the first made to hold fuel with
50,000 barrel storage capacity, and the second for the
transfer pumps for refrigeration. Three of the barges
have Wärtsilä engines: one is equipped with
8 x 16SW280 engines (35.7 MW) and two with
7 x 12V32 + 1 x 18V32 engines (30.1 MW) each, giving
altogether 95.9 MW of power.
Technology ideal for all operating modes
Wärtsilä’s power plants are ideal for the Brazilian power
system, and indeed for any other hydro-dominated
system, because they can be built quickly, they are very
simple to operate and complement hydropower
generation in the most efficient way.
The thermal power plants used to complement the
hydro operations can be designed for full-year peak
load operation, dry-period baseload operation or
standby operation.
In full-year peak load operation Wärtsilä engines are
the right choice of technology because they can start
and stop very quickly and they run very efficiently
under all loads. Wärtsilä’s LFO/HFO products are
particularly suitable for this application because fuel
cost is an important issue in a hydro-dominated system
even when operating for just a few hours per day.
In dry-period baseload operation the thermal power
plant needs to operate with high availability and
efficiency for at least six months of a year. Again,
Wärtsilä’s HFO/gas products are the best choice for this
mode of operation given our track record of reliable
operation, the possibility to have the lowest generation
cost using the lower cost fuel available, and the

possibility to perform all overhauls on site.
Finally, in standby operation the best solution for
power systems is a mix of low investment cost and fuel
costs. It is important to point out that standby operation
for hydropower systems is different from standby for
industrial or commercial systems. In the latter case
standby generation is normally necessary for a few
hours a year and the energy price is not an issue
because the most important priority is to have energy.
However, in power standby operation for power
systems the fuel cost is an important issue because the
economic variables involved are different and the
number of possible running hours is higher. Once
again, Wärtsilä’s LFO/HFO products are the best choice
because they give the best combination of investment
cost, availability and fuel cost. n
Authors: Jan-Erik Hägglund,
General Manager, Power Plants,
Wärtsilä Brazil, Ltda.
Antonio Lima, Sales Manager,
Wärtsilä Brazil, Ltda.
Lars-Åke Kjell, Area Sales Manager,
Wärtsilä Finland Oy.
Photos by Leif Enlund and
Seppo Viitala.
What´s new
23 MW dual-fuel
power plant to
Chambersburg,
PA, USA
Wärtsilä has been contracted to supply a
23 MW power plant to the Borough of
Chambersburg in Pennsylvania, USA.
The power plant, a peaking application designed to run on
oil or gas, will secure a reliable supply of electricity for
Chambersburg during periods of peak demand. Scheduled
for completion during the first half of 2003, the power plant
will be operated for approximately 2,500 hours a year.
“Chambersburg joins a growing group of communities
that have decided to control their own energy future. The
Wärtsilä solution was chosen for its ability to provide a
secure and independent source of electricity supply,” said
Frank Donnelly, Vice President of Power Plants for Wärtsilä
North America.
This Wärtsilä peaking plant is a modular, pre-tested
1-300 megawatt multifuel power plant designed to run
parallel with the transmission grid when electric demand is
at its highest. The dual-fuel feature provides the flexibility
to operate on either fuel oil or natural gas and therefore the
ability to choose the more cost-effective alternative as
conditions dictate. The dual-fuel capability also increases
the power plant’s power generation reliability.
William McLaughlin, president of Chambersburg
Borough Council, said: “For more than one hundred years,
the Borough Electric Department has been providing
affordable and dependable electric service to the residents
of Chambersburg. By signing this contract with Wärtsilä,
we are taking the first step toward guaranteeing the same
quality of electric service for the next hundred years. I have
little doubt that future Councils will call on Wärtsilä to
continue to expand this power plant’s capacity.” n
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
USA
Energy News - 31
Issue 15
 Optimizing performance
Power plants need
future-ready operators
Power systems are evolving at the
same pace as the technologies being
developed to improve their operating
efficiency and profitability. Their
increased complexity creates a need
for highly trained ‘future-ready’
operating staff, and in the long-term
these will be essential for good
business.
Experience shows that without
training there is a ‘trial and error’
approach to operation; training
reduces this learning curve. In the
long-term, plants cannot afford to
neglect training, and do so at great
cost. Still, it is a fact that in certain
circumstances - in the pursuit of
lower overheads - training is often
the first casualty.
A recent survey commissioned by
Wärtsilä, looking at some 60 power
plants, showed a clear correlation
between the amount of training
received and a reduction in
avoidable downtime. The research
indicated that even just basic training
resulted in a fall in avoidable
downtime of about 50 % on average.
Not surprisingly, the research
showed that the initial phase of
training is of most importance. But
it also indicated that the extended
phase of training is crucial for
‘nailing down’ what people have
learned, and for helping them gain
experience and take full advantage
of new systems and their benefits.
Need for multi-skilled
engineers
New technologies bring many
benefits in terms of more efficient
32 - Energy News
Issue 15
operation, increased availability and
lower costs. The new high-tech
systems being introduced for power
generation require engineers to be
more multi-skilled than in the past.
Today’s power plant operators
and engineers need to have an
effective working knowledge of
many different types of high-tech
and mechanical equipment.
Increasingly, electronic and IT skills
are required to supplement
conventional mechanical and
electrical engineering skills in order
to make best use of the advanced
technology and automation being
built in to modern power plants. As
personnel move between industries
and applications, this familiarity and
experience with the technology in
use has become a key requisite.
A well-trained workforce can
significantly improve a power
plant’s long-term profitability.
Relevant training can reduce
operating costs by teaching
operators to run plants with the
optimum parameters.
Today’s power systems and
solutions often incorporate a high
degree of automation, which
reduces manning requirements.
Paradoxically perhaps, this actually
emphasizes the importance of more
highly trained staff who can
respond quickly and effectively to
fault situations, should they occur.
In addition to new technology,
another driving force for broader
training in the energy sector comes
from the regular introduction of
new and stricter local and
international requirements for
environmentally cleaner and safer
operations.
Taken together, these factors
illustrate that it is the overall
performance - the combined
performance of man and machine -
that in the end determines whether
an operation is run successfully or
not.
Wärtsilä Land & Sea Academy
Recognising this trend, Wärtsilä’s
global training organization has
broadened its scope and established
what will become the Wärtsilä Land
and Sea Academy (WLSA).
WLSA covers all aspects of
training for land-based and marine
power production. This covers not
only product and hands-on training
for the engine room, power plant
and installed equipment, but also
personnel competence tracking and
career path planning.
“We aim to provide a complete
spectrum of training through a
single, central contact point. This
means that while keeping the focus
of our existing training operations,
we are also partnering with
specialist training providers -
experts within their respective
fields,” says Jari Ullakonoja,
Wärtsilä’s Training Manager.
The decision to create the WLSA
was based on three factors:
1. The increasing demand for
one-source training covering all
aspects of training for land-based
and marine power production.
2. The need to apply Wärtsilä’s
knowledge and professional
expertise in setting up and
conducting training beyond its
traditional scope.
3. The recent advances in remote
training concepts and e-learning
systems, which now enable
customers and partners to access
Learning Management systems via
the Internet.
Wärtsilä believes that it is the
scope as much as the complexity of
land-based power plants that has
created an increased need for
training.
“Providing training for land-based
power plants is about more than
engine operation; we have to take
into account a wider range of
auxiliary equipment and
operations.” says Jari Ullakonoja,
Meeting owners’
specific needs
Embracing all power plant
departments, WLSA offers two
options for outsourcing training
activities:
• The ‘In-sourcing Alliance’ option
supports employers who want to
retain responsibility for training
in-house, giving them access to
learning management systems
and the ability to single-source
additional training needs.
• The ‘Alliance’ option allows
employers to hand over primary
responsibility for personnel
development to WLSA. Power
plant trainees are educated within
the same standard format used by
the marine sector - the
International Standard (STCW 95)
for Marine Engineers.
WLSA contains a Professional
Career Path (PCP) tool that enables
companies to effectively plan steady
growth in the professional skills of
employees. The PCP scheme is
tailored to fit individual
requirements and includes
measurement tools for assessing
suitability for a given position and
for determining professional
competence and prospects for
advancement. A clear training plan
and PCP motivate employees to
attend training and help them
understand what is expected of
them.
WLSA provides many different
types of training solutions. These
include self-paced and e-learning,
which often are the most
cost-effective (see sidebar). This
type of blended learning ensures
that participants have a base
knowledge before attending the
hands-on training. It also reinforces
or refreshes their learning after the
course, ensuring better retention of
the skills learned.
Human resources – your
most important asset
Wärtsilä sees the WLSA as a
one-source platform for all training,
personnel and material management
needs.
“Today we are offering more than
a hundred specialized training
courses for our products, power
plants and engine rooms,”
Ullakonoja elaborates. “We currently
operate more than 100 power plants
globally and we employ some 2500
field engineers. This global
experience gives us an excellent
opportunity to learn and then build
a structured, cost-efficient and
effective way of conducting
training.”
WLSA already provides a
complete range of services, from
teaching and training to arranging
courses, budget and personnel
career tracking, and providing
materials for competence
development.
Future-ready operators will be the
guarantee that is needed to optimize
the safety, reliability and
performance of any installation. So
why not invest in your greatest asset
– the human element? n
Author: Dan Petterson,
Manager, Marketing Communications,
Service Division
Energy News - 33
Issue 15
 Optimizing performance
The ‘E’ in training
Hands-on training via your computer?
Well, probably not. Virtual classroom and
self-paced training when it suits you?
Definitely.
Wärtsilä has launched remote training
systems, so-called e-learning, to
increase the efficiency and effectiveness
of learning. This can, for example,
provide follow-up training for customers
worldwide over the Internet.
Wärtsilä signs 100th O&M contract
Wärtsilä’s Operations and Maintenance
group reached an exciting milestone
with the signing of its 100th O&M
contract. The customer was Hindustan
Zinc Limited, one of India’s leading
Zinc-Lead producers. The contract
includes full operation of a 29.62 MW
plant in Udaipur, India.
“Awareness of the benefits of a
comprehensive O&M setup is increasing
throughout the industry,” comments
Tomas Rönn, General Manager,
Operations and Maintenance Sales.
34 - Energy News
Issue 15
The information system behind WLSA
is called HCDMS (Human Capital and
Management System) and offers tools
both for the organization and the
individuals working within it. The system
is built around SABATM, one of the
leading Learning Management systems
on the market. Organizations can plan,
budget and follow up competence
“The fact that we are celebrating our
100th O&M contract shows that more
and more companies regard a
professionally managed O&M
programme as essential for the
successful performance of any power
generating facility.”
This year alone in fact, Wärtsilä has
signed nine new O&M contracts in India
with a total output of 80.6 MW, showing
that India is an important market area for
the company. Another successful region
for Wärtsilä is Brazil, where three new
development based on a training
investment strategy.
The HCDMS is a channel through
which learning events offered either by
Wärtsilä or through Wärtsilä can be
purchased. Organizations can also use
the system to manage their internal
training.
Individuals can use the system to plan
and monitor their own personal
development based on their aspirations
and company’s goals. Courses are
available through the system to enable
distance learning. The system also
works as a general source of knowledge
for the individuals in the organization.
The HCDMS is available on the
Internet for customer use. To use the
system all you need is a web browser
and an Internet connection. Different
functionality options are available based
on agreement level, starting from
non-agreement users who browse the
course offerings.
The requirements for the user
environment are low, both for the
computer and the Internet connection.
Even with a modem connection it is
possible to use the HCDM System and
to attend the live e-learning courses. n
contracts were signed in 2002 with a
combined output of 208 MW.
Wärtsilä believes strongly in Long Term
Service Agreements (LTSAs). Rönn
explains: “From the customer’s point of
view the trend is moving towards
outsourcing and concentration on their
core business. With an LTSA the owner
optimizes the production cost and secures
maximum plant lifetime; all this using the
latest equipment and expertise directly
from the manufacturer.” n
O&M in India
January 1998 marked the
beginning of a new chapter of
growth for Wärtsilä India Ltd. The
new year started with the signing
of the company’s first O&M
agreement, with GACL (Gujarat
Ambuja Cements Ltd) for their
56 MW baseload power plant at
Kodinar, Gujarat.
Since that first day of 1998, Wärtsilä
has covered a lot of ground. Today
the company has full operations
and maintenance responsibility for
31 sites with 63 engines, a total of
344.13 MW. Power plants with a
further 62 MW are at various stages
in the pipeline and will come on
stream in the next six months. The
manpower strength of O&M
operations in India stands at 206,
with another 164 persons under
contract from elsewhere.
Confidence in Wärtsilä
As the concept of ‘core competency’
gains acceptance in India as in
Birla Textiles, 4 MW
Aarti Steel, 6 MW
Ambuja Rajasthan, 6.3 MW
HZL Udaipur, 29.7 MW
Reliance Chemotex, 3 MW
Maral Overseas, 2.2 MW
Sterlite Optics, 11.9 MW
SWIL, 15.8 MW
Mukand Ltd, 22 MW
Gujarat Ambuja, 56 MW
NRC, 24 MW
West Coast Paper Mills, 8 MW
Toyota Kirloskar, 6 MW
ITPL, Bangalore, 9 MW
Widia India Ltd., 2 MW
TVS Mysore, 4.5 MW
Premier (Baglur), 7.3 MW
Premier (Pulankinar), 6.2 MW
Thiagarajar Mills, 3 MW
Loyal Textiles, 4.1 MW
other parts of the world, the owners Fast increase in O&M
of Wärtsilä power plants are agreements
increasingly looking to Wärtsilä to Wärtsilä has an installed base of
take over O&M for their plants. 2540 MW in India, roughly
2000 MW of which are run as
baseload power plants. O&M
agreements currently cover 406.4
MW (including operational plants
and those in the pipeline), about
20 % of the active installed base.
More and more users of Wärtsilä
engines are looking forward to
Wärtsilä taking over O&M services
at their sites. Numerous satisfied
customers mean that in 2003
Wärtsilä expects to sign new O&M
agreements totalling 152 MW.
The number of agreements has Renewals will account for another
grown at an annual rate of 15-17 % 55 MW, raising the total number of
over the past couple of years, and agreements to exceed the 200 MW
this rate is expected to continue in level.
the near future. Nearly 80 % of new
power plant sales come with O&M Author: Sanjay Aggarwal,
agreements. The agreements are General Manager, Sales,
generally for periods of 3, 5, 7 or 10 Operation & Maintenance,
years, and some 30 % of them are Wärtsilä India Ltd.
10-year agreements.
Reference Map 2002 - India Star Paper, 8.2 MW
Hind. National Glass, 6.2 MW
Ankur Udyog Ltd., 4.2 MW
Hukumchand Jute, 12.3 MW
Maratha Cement Works, 6.3 MW
Ambuja Cement - Sankrail, 10.2 MW
HLCL, 11.4 MW
Gloster Jute, 3.1 MW
Vennar Ceramics, 2.2 MW
Prax Air, 5.6 MW
SRF, 12.6 MW
TVS Suzuki Hosur II, 6 MW
TVS Hosur, 4.5 MW
St. Gobain, 7.5 MW
Cheslind Textiles, 4 MW
Grasim Cements, 18.8 MW
Sterlite Tuticorin, 18.8 MW
Karpagambal Mills, 2.8 MW
TOTAL 376 MW / 38 projects
Energy News - 35
Issue 15
 Conferences & Seminars
Wärtsilä technical papers at
conferences worldwide
The engine and power industries are evolving
constantly as new technologies and innovative systems
come on line. As a global engineering corporation
focusing on power generation and marine propulsion,
Wärtsilä aims to be at the forefront of these changes.
Below we list the main technical papers given this
year at conferences worldwide by Wärtsilä experts.
They indicate the importance of Wärtsilä’s continuous
investment in R&D and the results that this is achieving.
If you would like a copy of any of them, please place
your order with the editor of Energy News:
maria.strand@wartsila.com.
Ryba, B. Innovative Power Plant Technologies for
Municipal Utilities, Facilities Management Exposition &
Workshop, January 23, 2002, Orlando FL, USA
Speakes, K. The Emerging Need for Intermediate
Peaking Power, ESource Distributed Energy Summit,
February 28-March 1, 2002, Boulder CO, USA
Finn, D. New Trends Using Reciprocating Engines for
Power Generation Management at Co-ops, National
Rural Electric Coop’s Tech Day 2002, March 10, 2002,
Dallas TX, USA
Speakes, K. DG Redefined: An Insurance Policy, Electric
Power 2002, March 19-21, 2002, St. Louis MO, USA
Klimstra, J. Technology Developments for Increased
Performance and Reliability of Reciprocating Engines,
Cogen Europe 8th Annual Conference, March 19-21, 2002,
Brussels.
Kartano, J. Wood Utilization for Energy, BioEnergy 2002,
April 23, 2002, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
Klimstra, J. Spark-Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engine
Principles, Diesel Power Plant and Wind Energy
Symposium, May 28, 2002, Jakarta.
Speakes, K. The Shape of Peaking Power, PowerGen
Europe, June 11-13, 2002, Milano, Italy
Klimstra, J. Cogeneration: Still a Necessity for Europe?,
Power-Gen Europe Conference, June 11-13, 2002, Milano,
Italy.
36 - Energy News
Issue 15
Wideskog, M - Hortans, O. The Modular Dual Fuel
Concept, Power-Gen Europe Conference, June 11-13,
2002, Milano, Italy.
Hägglund, T. Comparative advantages of Orimulsion®,
LNG and Petcoke, Private Power in Central America, June
13-14, Miami FL, USA
Klimstra, J. Lessons from Extensive Coverage of
Electricity Demand with Cogeneration in Two European
Countries, IDEA’ s 93rd Annual Conference and Trade
Show on District Energy and CHP, June 22-25, 2002,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Fisher, M. Internal Combustion Engines & Combined
Cycle Systems, Council of Industrial Boiler Owners NOx
XV Conference, August 27-29, 2002, Houston TX, USA
Klimstra, J. Methods to Reduce the Dependence on
Fossil Fuel, Conference on Sustainable Energy SIES 2002,
September 3, 2002, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Elmore, W. Modular Power Plants: Fast and Flexible,
EGSA Annual Fall Technical & Marketing Conference,
September 22-24, 2002, Vancouver British Columbia,
Canada
Nyrökorpi, A. Wood Utilization for Energy, 10th Biennial
Bioenergy Conference, September 22-26, 2002, Boise ID,
USA
Klimstra, J. A Modular Approach to Building a
Gas-Fuelled Distributed Electricity System, Power-Gen
Asia, October 2-4, 2002, Singapore.
Finn, D. Case Study of the Largest North American
Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine Power Plant,
PowerGen International 2002, December 10-12, 2002,
Orlando FL, USA
Elmore, W. Modular Power Plants: Fast and Flexible,
PowerGen International 2002, December 10-12, 2002,
Orlando FL, USA
Nyrökorpi, A. Wood Utilization for Energy, PowerGen
International 2002, December 10-12, 2002, Orlando FL,
USA n
 Who´s new?
New Functional Organization in
Wärtsilä Power Plants Division
To increase our customer focus and to
strengthen the platform for future growth a
new functional organization with global
responsibilities has been implemented as
of 22 November 2002.
The following appointments have been
made in this connection.
Sales Management
The sales organization is responsible for
identifying customer needs and target
projects, leading the sales process, and
closing the sales deals.
This function is headed by Pekka Ilvonen,
Vice President. Mr Ilvonen rejoins Wärtsilä
from the position of Business Area
Manager at ABB Process Industries
Management in Zurich, Switzerland.
Delivery Management
The overall responsibility of this function is
to take care of customer deliveries.
This function is headed by Osmo
Härkönen, Vice President. Mr Härkönen
held a corresponding position in the
previous organization.
Solutions Management
Solutions management is responsible for
the division’s offering to the market in
co-operation with the sales organization.
Pekka Ilvonen Osmo Härkönen
Jaakko Eskola Jan-Erik Nordmyr
This function is headed by Jukka Ylänen,
Vice President. Mr Ylänen was previously
President of Wärtsilä Italia.
Development & Technology
The function is responsible for keeping the
offering competitive in current and future
markets with special focus on
standardization and modularization.
This function is headed by Stefan Gros,
Vice President. Mr Gros held a
corresponding position in the previous
organization.
Supply Market Management
This function will be responsible for supply
market intelligence, strategic sourcing,
purchasing and supplier management.
This function is headed by Hannu
Uusi-Pohjola, Vice President. Mr
Uusi-Pohjola held a corresponding
position in the previous organization.
Biopower will continue as a separate
business unit headed by Jussi Heikkinen,
Vice President. There will be no
organizational changes in Biopower.
Support functions
Wärtsilä Development & Financial
Services. Jaakko Eskola continues as
President of WDFS.
Jukka Ylänen Stefan Gros
Esa Kivineva Pekka Ahlqvist
Finance & Business Control:
Jan-Erik Nordmyr, Vice President,
continues to head this function.
Business & Competence Development:
Esa Kivineva has been appointed Vice
President of this function. Mr Kivineva
joined Wärtsilä in March 2002 and has
previously worked as a Management
Consultant in McKinsey & Company.
The above mentioned Vice Presidents
report to Pekka Ahlqvist, Group Vice
President, Head of the Power Plants
Division.
Appointments in
Wärtsilä Corporation
Wärtsilä Finland Oy, Biopower
Ari Nyrökorpi has been appointed
Product Sales Manager, North America. Ari
joined us on 1 April 2002 from Foster
Wheeler, where he was the Proposal
Manager mainly for biopower plants.
Jukka Hakola has been appointed Area
Sales Manager, Finland, with a special
focus on municipal customers and
Biopower products, while he is also
responsible for sales of other Wärtsilä
products in Finland. n
Hannu Uusi-Pohjola Jussi Heikkinen
Ari Nyrökorpi Jukka Hakola
Energy News - 37
Issue 15
 Wärtsilä Corporation Worldwide
ARGENTINA Wärtsilä Dalian Representative office Wärtsilä Finland Oy Wärtsilä India Ltd.
Room 1929, Dalian Changjiang Square Tarhaajantie 2, P.O.Box 252, 65101 Vaasa Paul Commercial Complex, 5th Floor,
Wärtsilä Argentina S.A.
Office Building, No. 123 Changjiang Road, Tel............................+358 (0)10 709 0000 Ajni Square, Wardha Road
Cerrito 836 1st floor of 25 Dalian 116001, P. R. China Fax: .....+358 (0)6 356 9133 (Power Plants) Nagpur 440015
1010 Capital Federal Tel: ..............................+86 411 252 9799 Fax: ..............+358 (0)6 356 9155 (Service) Tel: ............... +91 (0)712 224291/224294
Tel: ..............................+54 11 4816 4131 Fax: .............................+86 411 252 9100 Fax:...............+358 (0)6 356 7188 (Marine)
Fax: .............................+54 11 4816 4135 Fax: .......................... +91 (0)712 224 226
Wärtsilä Panyu Service Station Wärtsilä Finland Oy Wärtsilä India Ltd.
AUSTRALIA Lian Hua Shan, Guaranteed Stålarminkatu 45, P.O.Box 50 Opp Govt. Rest House
Wärtsilä Australia Pty Ltd. Processing Zone, 511440 Panyu, 20810 Turku Mumbai Pune Road, Shilpata,
Guangdong P.R China Tel............................+358 (0)10 709 0000 410203 Khopoli
48 Huntingwood Drive Tel:..........................+86 (0)20 848 66 241
Huntingwood, NSW 2148 Fax...........................+358 (0)10 709 3169 Tel:..............................+91 (0)2192 64389
Fax:.........................+86 (0)20 848 66 240 Fax:.............................+91 (0)2192 63314
Tel:.............................+61 (0)2 9672 8200 FRANCE
Fax:............................+61 (0)2 9672 8585 Wärtsilä Taiwan Ltd.
13F-4, No 186, Jian Yi Road, Chung Ho Wärtsilä France S.A. INDONESIA
Wärtsilä Australia Pty Ltd. City, Taipei Hsieng, Taiwan R.O.C. 1, rue de la Fonderie, B.P. 1210 PT Wärtsilä Indonesia
109 Broadway , Bassendean WA 6054 Tel:...........................+886 (0)2 8227 1066 F-68054 Mulhouse Cedex Cikarang Industrial Estate
Tel:.............................+61 (0)8 9377 3337 Fax:..........................+886 (0)2 8227 1067 Tel:............................+33 (0)3 89 666 868 Jl. Jababeka XVI, Kav. W-28
Fax:............................+61 (0)8 9377 3338 Fax:...........................+33 (0)3 89 666 830 Bekasi 17530
COLOMBIA Tel: ................................+62 21 893 7654
Wärtsilä France S.A.
AZERBAIJAN Wärtsilä Colombia S.A. 28, Boulevard Roger Salengro Fax: ...............................+62 21 893 7660
Wärtsilä Caspian Ltd Avenida 19 # 118-30 Oficina 607 78200 Mantes-la-Ville, B.P.1224
Salyan Shosse 32, Sabail District, Baku Edificio Centro de Negocios 78202 Mantes-la-Jolie Cedex IRELAND
Azerbaijan Republic Santafe de Bogotá, Sur America Tel:..........................+33 (0)1 34 78 88 00 Wärtsilä Ireland Ltd.
Tel:.....................+994 12 983175/6/7/8/9 Tel:...............................+57 (0)1 629 3760 Fax:..........................+33 (0)1 34 78 88 03 54, Broomhill Drive
Fax:..............................+57 (0)1 629 3821 Tallaght Industrial Estate, Dublin 24
Fax: ................................+994 12 983172 Wärtsilä France S.A.
CYPRUS Etablissement de la Méditerranée Tel: .................................+353 1462 6700
BANGLADESH R.N. 8-Les Baux, F-13420 Gémenos Fax: ................................+353 1462 6722
Wärtsilä Cyprus Ltd. &
Wärtsilä Bangladesh Ltd. Wärtsilä Mediterranean Ltd. Tel:............................+33 (0)4 42 320 606 ITALY
Iqbal Centre (14th Floor) Rebecca Court, 2nd Floor Fax:...........................+33 (0)4 42 320 666
42 Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Banani C/A 1 Promachon Eleftherias, Ayios Athanasios Wärtsilä Italia S.p.A.
Wärtsilä France S.A.
Dhaka - 1213 4103 Limassol Bagnoli della Rosandra 334
Etablissement du Nord 34018 Trieste
Tel: ................................+880 2 881 8666 Tel:..................................+357-5-322 620 Z.I.A. Rue de Lorival, BP 411,
......................................+880 18 240 302 Fax:.................................+357-5-314 467 Tel: ..............................+39 040 319 5000
F-59474 Seclin Fax: ...............................+39 040 827 371
Fax: ...............................+880 2 988 3372 Tel:............................+33 (0)3 20 625 800
DENMARK Fax:...........................+33 (0)3 20 327 147 Wärtsilä Italia S.p.A.
BRAZIL Wärtsilä Danmark A/S Via Nazario Sauro, 5, 20068 Canzo di
Wärtsilä Brasil Ltda. Jens Munksvej 1, P.O.Box 67 GERMANY Peschiera Borromeo (Milano)
Av. Rio Branco, 116/12 andar DK-9850 Hirtshals Wärtsilä Deutschland GmbH Tel: ................................+39 02 553 9061
Centro - Rio de Janeiro 20040-001 Tel: ..................................+45 99 569 956 Schlenzigstrasse 6, 21107 Hamburg Fax: .............................+39 02 553 90639
Tel: ..............................+55 21 3878 8911 Fax: .................................+45 98 944 016 Tel:..............................+49 (0)40 75 190 0
Fax: .............................+55 21 3878 9008 Wärtsilä Danmark A/S
IVORY COAST
Fax:.........................+49 (0)40 75 190 190
Axeltrov 8, 1st Floor Wärtsilä ACO
CANADA DK-1609 Copenhagen V GREECE 17, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie
Wärtsilä Canada Inc. Tel: ..................................+45 33 454 133 Wärtsilä Greece S.A. Zone 4A, Abidjan
164 Akerley Boulevard, Fax: .................................+45 33 454 130 4, Loudovikou Square, P.O. Box 86012 Tel: ...............................+225 21 24 31 59
Dartmouth (Halifax), Nova Scotia B3B 125 Wärtsilä Danmark A/S 18531 Piraeus Fax: ..............................+225 21 35 15 06
Tel: ................................+1 902 4681 264 Hækken 3, 6700 Esbjerg Tel: ................................+30 10 413 5450 JAPAN
Fax: ...............................+1 902 4681 265 Tel: ..................................+45 76 135 000 ......................................+30 10 413 5582
Fax: .................................+45 75 133 575 Fax: ...............................+30 10 411 7902 Wärtsilä Japan Co., Ltd.
CHILE Kobe Yusen Bldg., 1-1-1, Kaigan-dori
ECUADOR GUATEMALA Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0024
Wärtsilä Chile Ltda.
Santa Magdalena 075 Wärtsilä Ecuador S.A. Wärtsilä Guatemala, S.A Tel:.............................+81 (0)78 392 8674
Offices 603-604, Providencia, Santiago Calle Los Floripondios S/N 14 Avenida 7-12, Zona 14, Oficina # 1, Fax:............................+81 (0)78 392 8688
Tel: ..................................+56 2 232 5031 y Leonardo Murialdo, Quito Guatemala, Guatemala C.A. Wärtsilä Japan Co., Ltd.
Fax: .................................+56 2 232 8754 Tel: .................................+5932 2811 215 Tel: ...................................+502 366 9511
Fax: ................................+5932 2419 115 Binary Kita-Aoyama Bldg, 8F, 3-6-19,
Fax: ..................................+502 366 9552 Kita-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0061
Wärtsilä Chile Ltda.
Desiderio García, Manzana C EGYPT INDIA Tel:.............................+81 (0)3 3486 4531
Sitio 23-A, Barrio Industrial, Iquique Wärtsilä Arab Mediterranean Fax:............................+81 (0)3 3486 4153
Wärtsilä India Ltd.
Tel:...............................+56 (0)57 415 226 Power Ltd 76, Free Press House, Nariman Point
Fax:..............................+56 (0)57 414 731 Flat No. 805, 8th Floor
KENYA
Mumbai 400 021
1, El Aelam City, Agouza, Cairo Tel:.............................+91 (0)22 281 5601 Wärtsilä Eastern Africa Ltd.
Wärtsilä Chile Ltda.
Tel: ..................................+20 2 346 8565 Fax:............................+91 (0)22 284 0427 House of Vanguard, Fuji Plaza
Autopista 5980, Talcahuano Chiromo Road, Westlands, Nairobi
Tel:..............................+56 (0) 41 421 561 FINLAND Wärtsilä India Ltd. Tel: ...............+254-2-444 7988, 444 7989
Fax:.............................+56 (0) 41 420 229 Wärtsilä headquarters: 48, Neco Chambers, Sector 11 Fax:.............................+254-2-444 67919
Wärtsilä Corporation CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614
CHINA Wärtsilä Development & Tel: ............+91 (0)22 757 5361, 757 5371 KOREA
Wärtsilä China Ltd. Financial Services Oy Fax: ..................+91 (0)22 7575176/77/78 Wärtsilä Korea Ltd.
Room 4201, Hopewell Centre Power Partners Oy Pusan Marine Centre Bldg. 10th Fl.
Wärtsilä India Ltd.
183 Queen´s Road East John Stenbergin ranta 2, P.O.Box 196 79-1, Chungang-dong, 4-ka, Chung-ku,
00531 Helsinki 24, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi - 110049
Wanchai, Hong Kong Tel: ........................+91 (0)11 625 1105/-8 Pusan, 600-715
Tel: .................................+852 2528 6605 Tel:...........................+358 (0)10 709 0000 Tel: ................................+82 51 466 6955
Fax: .......+358-(0)10 709 5700 (Corporate) Fax:............................+91 (0)11 625 1109
Tlx: ...................................72571 wdhk hx Fax: ...............................+82 51 468 5546
Fax: .........................+358 (0)10 709 5710 Wärtsilä India Ltd.
Fax: ................................+852 2865 7554 (WDFS & Power Partners) Wärtsilä Korea Ltd.
Lakshmi Chambers, 30, Annasalai
Wärtsilä China Ltd. Wärtsilä Finland Oy Saidapet, Chennai 600015 498-1, Kamman-dong, Nam-ku
Hong Kong Service Station Power Plants, Biopower Tel:.............................+91 (0)44 230 1080 Pusan, 608-070
Shop No. 1, Ground Floor Arabianranta 6 Fax:............................+91 (0)44 230 0477 Tel: ................................+82 51 637 8443
5 A Kung Ngam Village Road 00560 Helsinki Fax: ...............................+82 51 637 8444
Wärtsilä India Ltd.
Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong Tel: ..............................+358 10 709 0000 B Wing, 6th Floor, Rama Bhavan Complex,
Tel: .................................+852 2528 6605 MEXICO
Fax: .............................+358 10 709 5469 Kodialbail, Mangalore 575 003
Fax: ................................+852 2750 3669 Wärtsilä de Mexico S.A.
Wärtsilä Corporation Tel:...............+91 (0)824 441 722/444 577
Wärtsilä Engine (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Wärtsilä Finland Oy Fax:............................+91 (0)824 443 556 Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena
Unit A,14 Floor,World Plaza Wärtsilä Development & #1100 S Piso
Wärtsilä India Ltd. Col Centro Ciudad de Santa Fe
855 Pu Dong Nan Lu Financial Services Oy
Wärtsilä Operations & Maintenance Ltd. Flat No 302, 3rd Floor, Oxford Plaza, Mexico D.F. 01210
200120 Shanghai, P.R.China 9-1-129/1 Sarojini Devi Road,
Tel: ..............................+86 21 5877 8800 Järvikatu 2-4, P.O.Box 244 Tel: ...................................+555 570 9200
65101 Vaasa Secunderabad 500 003 Fax: ..................................+555 570 9201
Fax: .............................+86 21 5877 1629 Tel: .......................+91 (0)40 7715383/4/5
Tel:...........................+358 (0)10 709 0000 THE NETHERLANDS
Wärtsilä Beijing Repr. Office Fax: ...........................+358 (0)6 317 1906 Fax:.............................+91 (0)40 7715377
Room 2505, CITIC Building (Technology & Manufacturing) Wärtsilä India Ltd. Wärtsilä Nederland BV
19 Jianguomenwal Dajie, Fax: .........................+358 (0)10 709 1942 East Anglia House, 3 C, Camac Street Hanzelaan 95, 8017 JE Zwolle
100004 Beijing, P.R. China (Power Plants headquarters & WDFS) Kolkata 700 016 P.O.Box 10608, 8000 GB Zwolle
Tel:...........................+86 (0)10 6593 1842 Fax: .........................+358 (0)10 709 1757 Tel:...............+91 (0)33 2172320/2269567 Tel:.............................+31 (0)38 425 3253
Fax:.........................+86 (0) 10 6593 1843 (Operations) Fax: ...........................+91 (0)33 249 7535 Fax:............................+31 (0)38 425 3973

38 - Energy News
Issue 14
NORWAY SENEGAL Wärtsilä North America Inc. GUAM
Wärtsilä Norway AS 2900 SW 42nd Street Pacific Power Resources, Inc.
Wärtsilä West Africa S.A.
Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood, FL 33312 238 East Marine Drive, Suite 3
5420 Rubbestadneset B.P.21.861 Dakar-Ponty, Km 4,5, Tel: ................................+1 954 327 4700
Tel: .................................+47 53 42 25 00 Bd du Centenaire de la Commune de Hagátña 96910, Guam, U.S.A.
Fax: ...............................+1 954 327 4773 Tel: ................................+1 671 477 4030
Fax: ................................+47 53 42 25 01 Dakar
Tel: .................................+221 8 32 10 26 Wärtsilä North America Inc. Fax: ...............................+1 671 472 4505
Wärtsilä Norway AS Summit Tower
Hestehagen 5 - Holter Fax: ................................+221 8 32 10 25
Eleven Greenway Plaza, Suite 3004 HAITI
Industriområde, 1440 Drøbak SINGAPORE Houston, Texas 77046
Tel: ..................................+47 64 937 650 Societe Generale De Distribution S.A.
Tel: ................................+1 713 840 0020 (SOGED)
Fax: .................................+47 64 937 660 Wärtsilä Singapore Pte Ltd.
Wärtsilä Power Development (Asia) Ltd Fax: ...............................+1 713 840 0009 P.O.Box 73, 4 Route de Mais Gate
PAKISTAN 14, Benoi Crescent, Singapore 629977 Wärtsilä North America Inc. Port-au-Price
Tel: .....................................+65 265 9122 1731 - 13 Ave. S.W. Seattle, WA 98134 Tel: ...................................+509 249 1666
Wärtsilä Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd.
th

16-kilometer, Raiwind Road
P.O.Box 10104, Lahore
Tel:..............................+92 (0)42 5418846
Fax:.............................+92 (0)42 5413481
Wärtsilä Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd.
2 Floor, P.O.F. Liaison Offices
nd
Fax:..................+65 6265 0910, 264 3186
SOUTH AFRICA
Wärtsilä (South Africa) Pty Ltd.
36 Neptune Street, Paarden Eiland
P.O.Box 356, Cape Town 7442
Tel: ................................+1 206 903 9971 Fax: ..................................+509 249 1660
Fax: ...............................+1 206 903 1049
HUNGARY
Wärtsilä North America Inc.
1313 MacArthur Avenue, Energ Kft.
H-1124 Budapest, Kis János altabornagy
Harvey, (New Orleans), LA 70058
Tel: ................................+1 504 341 7201 u. 55. fszt.1.
Tel: ................................+36 20 9675 464

Fax: .............................+1 504 341 01426

252 Sarwar Shaheed Road Tel:.............................+27 (0)21 511 1230 Fax: .................................+36 1 329 0373
Saddar, Karachi Fax:............................+27 (0)21 511 1412 Wärtsilä North America, Inc.
Tel:.............................+92 (0)21 568 5734 1 Blue Hill Plaza, 3rd Floor INDIA
Fax:............................+92 (0)21 568 2797 SPAIN Box 1544 Banaras House Engineering Ltd.
Pearl River, NY 10965 LPG House, E-18, B-1 Extn. Mohan
Wärtsilä Ibérica S.A.
PERU Poligono Industrial Landabaso, s/n,
Tel: ................................+1 914 623 1212 Co-operative Industrial Area
Fax: ...............................+1 914 623 3385 Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
Wärtsilä del Perú S.A. Apartado 137, 48370 Bermeo (Vizcaya)
J. Arias Aragüez 210 Tel: ...............................+34 94 617 01 00 Wärtsilä North America, Inc. Tel:.............................+91 (0)11 695 5070
San Antonio - Miraflores, Lima 18 Harbor Cove Plaza, Fax: ..................+91 (0)11 695 5078, 5079
Fax: ..............................+34 94 617 01 12 29000 South Western Ave.Suite 210
Tel: ..................................+51 1 241 7030
Fax: ................................+ 51 1 444 6867 Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 IRAN
SWEDEN
Tel: ................................+1 310 831 7424 Kalajoo Company
PHILIPPINES Wärtsilä Sweden AB Fax: ...............................+1 310 831 7426 Apr. 302 Sayeh Bldg.
Åkerssjövägen, P.O.Box 920, No.1409 Vali Asr Ave.
Wärtsilä Philippines, Inc. 461 29 Trollhättan VENEZUELA
No.6 Diode Street, P.O.Box 19945-583, Tehran 19677
Tel: ...............................+46 520 42 26 00 Wärtsilä Venezuela Tel:................+98 21 204 5888, 204 3528
Light Industry & Science Park I
Cabuyao, Laguna Fax: ..............................+46 520 42 27 79 San Martin Postal 1020 Fax: ...............................+98 21 204 4532
Tel:...............................+63 (49) 543 0382 Apartado Postal N20438, Caracas
SWITZERLAND Tel: & Fax:..........................+58 33 214 24 KUWAIT
Fax:..............................+63 (49) 543 0381
Wärtsilä Switzerland Ltd. Abdul Aziz Yousuf Al-Essa & Co. w.l.l.
POLAND VIETNAM P.O.Box 3562 Safat, 13036 Safat
Zürcherstrasse 12, P.O. Box 414
CH-8401 Winterthur Wärtsilä Vietnam Tel:...................+965 483 2229, 483 3051
Wärtsilä Polska Sp. z.o.o. Central Plaza Office Building, 7th Floor
Al. Wilanowska 372 Tel:.............................+41 (0)52 262 4922 Tlx: ....................................23576 sauid kt
Fax:............................+41 (0)52 262 0720 17 Le Duan Street, Dist. 1 Fax: ..................................+965 484 0829
02-665 Warszawa Ho Chi Minh City
Tel: ................................+48 22 843 8751 Tel: ............................+848 8 244 534, 35 MADAGASKAR
Fax: ...............................+48 22 843 8752 TURKEY
Fax: .................................+848 8 294 891 Societe Malgache d´Equipements
Wärtsilä Enpa Dis Ticaret A.S.
PORTUGAL Süleyman Seba Cad. No. 92 Frigorifiques
Wärtsilä Portugal, Lda Besiktas Plaza, A Blok Zemin Kat Besiktas Ouest Ankadimbahoaka, Route Digue
P.O.Box 4395, Antanarivo
Zona Industrial Da Maia I 80610 Istanbul Representatives Tel:..............+261 263 09, 280 93, 308 60
Sector X - Lote 362, No. 43, Tel:.+90 212 327 1530/+90 212 258 5516
ALBANIA Tlx: .................................................22335
Apartado 1415, P 4470 Maia Codex Fax:+90 212 327 1535/+90 212 258 9998
Tel:...........................+351 (0)22 943 9720 Edmond shpk (ltd) MOROCCO
Fax:..........................+351 (0)22 943 9729 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Rr. Isuf Elezi vila 22
Tirana, Albania Société Salva
Wärtsilä Gulf FZE 93 Bd de la Résistance, 21700 Casablanca
PUERTO RICO P.O.Box 61494, Jebel Ali, Dubai Tel: ...................................+335 4 243227
Fax: ..................................+355 4 244009 Tel:...............................+212 (0)2 304 038
Wärtsilä Carribean Inc. Tel: ............................+971 (0)4-8838 979 Tlx:.................................27012 SOSALVA
Carr 887 KM 0.6, Fax: ...........................+971 (0)4-8838 704 BULGARIA Fax: ...............+212 (0)2 305 717, 306 675
Industrial Park Julio N. Matos
Calle A Lote 5, P.O. Box 7039, Carolina, UNITED KINGDOM R.C.Limited PAKISTAN
Puerto Rico 00986-7039 Bjala Street 1, 1421 Sofia
Wärtsilä UK Ltd. Tel:...............+359 (0)2 9712697/9632168 Ameejee Valleejee & Sons (Ptv.) Ltd.
Tel: ................................+1 787 701 2288 Ameejee Chambers, Campbell St.
Tubs Hill House, London Road, Fax:..............+359 (0)2 9632601/9515063
Fax: ...............................+1 787 701 2271 Sevenoaks, Kent TN13 1BL P.O.Box 51, Karachi 74200
RUSSIA Tel:...........................+44 (0)1732 744 400 CZECH REPUBLIC Tel: ............+92 (0)21 262 5492, 262 7945
Fax:..........................+44 (0)1732 744 420 Progress Power s.r.o. Tlx:...................................27361 avsns pk
Wärtsilä Corporation Myslbekova 362, 500 03 Hradec Kralove Fax:.............+92 (0)21 262 7817/2621910
Representative Office Wärtsilä UK Ltd.
Girdleness Trading Estate Czech Republic PORTUGAL
Shvedsky Pereulok, 2 Tel:..+420 49 5410472, +420 49 5410875
191186 St.Petersburg Wellington Road, Aberdeen AB11 8DG
Tel:............................+44 (0)1224 871166 Fax: ..............................+420 49 5410472 Coepro - Consultores E Engenheiros
Tel: ................................+7 812 118 6331 Projectistas, Ltda.
Fax: ...............................+7 812 118 6329 Fax:...........................+44 (0)1224 871188 EGYPT Praca Prof. Santos Andrea, 2,3°E
......................................+7 812 118 6330 Wärtsilä UK Ltd. Alarm Consulting & Contracting P-1500 Lisboa
Wärtsilä Corporation 30, Brunel Way, Segensworth 1st Building, Flat 507, Tel: ..........+351 (0)21 714 1120, 716 0491
Representative Office Fareham, Hampshire PO15 5SD El Alaam City, Agouza, Giza Fax:..........................+351 (0)21 715 5638
Sechenovsky Per. 6, Bldg 3 Tel:............................+44 (0)1489 550050 Tel: ..................................+20 2 347 1873
119034 Moscow Fax:...........................+44 (0)1489 550055 Fax: .................................+20 2 303 6416 ST. LUCIA
Tel: ................................+7 095 937 7589 Wärtsilä UK Ltd. Sure Line
Fax: ...............................+7 095 937 7590 FRENCH POLYNESIA La Toc Higway, P.O.Box 551, Castries
Units 30,31 Northfield Industrial Estate
Wärtsilä Service Northfield Lane South, Brixham Poly-Diesel Tel: ................................+1 758 452 3415
South Devon TQ5 8UA P.O.Box 9037, Papeete, Tahiti Fax: ...............................+1 758 452 3447
Miusskaya Square, 7, Office 119
125811 Moscow Tel:...........................+44 (0)1803 883 830 Tel: .....................................+689 505 270
Fax: ....................................+689 427 827 SURINAM
Tel: ................................+7 095 251 7819 Fax:..........................+44 (0)1803 882 685
Fax: ...............................+7 095 251 4364 Rudisa International
U.S.A. GABON Galileistraat 524, Mon Plaisir
Wärtsilä Vladivostok Ltd Societe Gabonaise P.O.Box 1648, Paramaribo
Ul.Krygina, 57, Office 40-42 Wärtsilä North America Inc.
De Mecaniques S.A Tel: .........................+597 453431/453772
690090 Vladivostok 201 Defense Highway, Suite 100 P.O.Box 607, Port Gentil Fax: .....................................+597 455312
Tel: ................................+7 4232 510 710 Annapolis, MD 21401 Tel ......................................+241 752 250
Fax: ...............................+7 4232 510 711 Tel: ................................+1 410 573 2100 Tlx:............................................8231 sgm THAILAND
Fax: ...............................+1 410 573 2200
International Measuring Instruments
SAUDI ARABIA Wärtsilä Development & Financial GHANA Corp. Ltd.
Wärtsilä Saudi Arabia Ltd. Services Inc. Inter-Afrique Holdings Ltd. 9/345 Moo 8 Phaholyotin Road,
Industrial City, Phase 4, P.O.Box 2132 201 Defense Highway, Suite 100, Kingsway Building, 2nd Floor, Suite 201 Anusawwaree Bangkhen
Jeddah 21451 Annapolis, MD 21401 45 Kwame Nkrumah Avenue, Arca Bangkok 10220
Tel:.......................+966 2 637 6470, 6884 Tel: ................................+1 410 573 2100 Tel: ..............+233 (0)21 220 896, 246 284 Tel:.................+66 2552 5228, 2552 8262
Fax: ...............................+966 2 637 6482 Fax: ...............................+1 410 573 2200 Fax:............................+233 (0)21 221 005 Fax: ..................................+66 2552 8403

Energy News - 39
Issue 15
Wärtsilä Product Programme
Base Load Power Plants
Wärtsilä offers both stationary and floating Base Load
power plants with multifuel capability. High efficiency,
low emissions and proven long-term reliability have made
Wärtsilä the leader in the demanding 1–300 MW market
segment.
Peaking Power Plants
Wärtsilä’s efficient Peaking Plants are
designed to run parallel to the transmission
grid when demand is at its highest. The
power system is modularized in 3–15 MW
units, for plants up to 200 MW output.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
The 2–100 MW CHP power plants incorporate
both power generation and heat recovery, which
raises the total plant efficiency up to 90%.
Wärtsilä CHP plants can run on various natural
Mechanical Drives
Wärtsilä Mechanical Drives are based
on the proven Wärtsilä engines tuned
to meet the special needs of gas
compression and pumping
applications. Wärtsilä’s pumping and
Power plant services
Our power plant services add value to our
customers’ businesses at every stage in the
lifecycle of their installation. With Wärtsilä
as your service partner, you receive many
measurable benefits: Improved availability
Wärtsilä’s 25–170 MW floating Base
Load power plants can be installed in
the most demanding locations, where
local conditions make it difficult to
build a stationary plant.
Wärtsilä Peaking Plants have a
minimal environmental impact
and low variable operating costs,
allowing for longer running hours
than traditional peaking plants.
Standby Power Plants Module, designed for fast-track power
Wärtsilä Standby Power Plant systems outputs from 2 MW to 40 MW, marks
are designed for demanding standby the latest development in modern
applications. The Wärtsilä Power distributed power solutions.
gas and liquid fuel qualities,
while maintaining low
emissions and high efficiency.
The ultimate goal is to control
energy costs and to save energy.
compression units are designed for pipelines
conveying various fluids and gases. They
comprise a complete train of ENGINE +
GEARBOX + PUMP/COMPRESSORS on
the base frame with the required auxiliary
units.
BioPower Plants The plants either produce thermal
BioEnergy Thermal Plants energy for district heating or for
Wärtsilä’s patented rotating BioGrate drying and other industrial processes,
combustion technology is especially or they can be built as combined heat
suitable for wet biomass, such as wood and power plants.
residues, wood chips, bark and sawdust.
and performance, productivity gains,
cost benefits. Above all, peace of
mind, in that your installation is
being serviced by the most
experienced partner – the
manufacturer.