Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
89
FIGURE 1- Growth of main shoot of plants of Vernonia FIGURE 2- Number of leaves in plants of Vernonia
herbacea cultivated in cerrado soil (A) and in sand (B), herbacea cultivated in cerrado soil (A) and in sand (B),
under different nutrient treatments. Hoagland nutrient under different nutrient treatments. Hoagland nutrients
p
solution n , nutrient solution without nitrogen (-N) = , solution = n , nutrient solution without nitrogen (-N) =
nutrient solution without phosphorus (-P) = ∆ and ∆, nutrient solution without phosphorus (-P) = p and
control (H2O) = o . The arrow indicates when stems control (H2O) = o . The arrow indicates when stems
were cut. Letters compare different treatments (Tukey were cut. Letters compare different treatments (Tukey
5%), where statistical differences were found. 5%), where statistical differences were found.
After deionization through cation (Dowex-50W, Na+ Data were statistically analyzed by one way and two
form) and (Dowex-1, CL- form) resins, neutral soluble way ANOVA and the least significant differences at 5%
carbohydrates were also analyzed on a 4x25mm level were calculated using the Tukey test.
Corbo Pac PA-1 anion exchange column using a
Dionex DX-300 gradient chromatography system with RESULTS
pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC/PAD). The
gradient was established according to Shiomi (1993). In cerrado soil, although shoots were longer in -N
Eluent A (150mM NaOH) and eluent B (500mM plants, no significant differences were found among
sodium acetate in 150mM NaOH) were mixed as plants receiving other treatments (Fig. 1A). Plants
follows: 0-1min, 25mM; 1-2min, 25-50mM; 2-14min, cultivated in sand did not present differences in shoot
50-500mM; 14-22min, 500mM; 22-30min, 25mM. The length in the first cycle (Fig. 1B), but differences were
flow rate through the column was 1.0mL min-1. The observed in the second growth cycle when complete
applied PAD potentials for E1 (300ms), E2 (120 ms) Hoagland solution promoted shoot elongation.
and E3 (300ms) were 0.04,0.60 and -0.80V, Leaf number and leaf area increased when plants
respectively, and the output range was 1000nA. were treated with complete Hoagland solution in
HPAEC/PAD elution patterns were compared to those cerrado soil (Fig. 2A, 3A). In sand, larger number of
of reference standards obtained from tubers of H. leaves and leaf area were found when plants received
tuberosus extracted according to Pollock & Jones complete and -P Hoagland solution in the second
(1979). cycle (Fig. 2B, 3B). Statistical analysis showed
Fructo-polysaccharides were analyzed by gel interaction between the two substrates and the
permeation chromatography using a Bio-Gel P-10 treatment using solution without phosphorus for leaf
column as described by Carvalho & Dietrich (1993). area (data not shown).
Relative molecular mass (Mr) was estimated
according to Andrews (1965).
TABLE 1- Dry mass (g) of aerial organs (S) and soil only plants treated whit complete solution showed
rizophores (R) and S:R ratio of plants of Vernonia this response. Statistical interaction occurred between
herbacea cultivated for 12 months in cerrado soil and substrates and nutrient in -P and control treatments,
in sand, under different nutrient solution without as for dry mass accumulation in shoots.
phosphorous (-P) and control (H2O). Plants growing in sand with water exhibited the
Cerrado soil Sand ration shoot/rhizophore two times lower than in -N and
three times lower than in complete solution and -P
S R S:R S R S:R
treated plants (Table 1). In this last group numerous
H2O 3.0b* 4.5ns. 0.66 1.4b 4.0ab 0.35 roots were observed (data no shown). In soil, the ratio
H 7.3a 5.0ns. 1.46 6.3a 5.4ab 1.16 shoot/rhizophore was higher in plants receiving
-N 3.4b 3.8ns. 0.89 2.1b 3.2b 0.65 complete solution when compared to the other
-P 4.0b 5.4ns. 0.74 6.6a 5.7a 1.15 treatments.
* letters compare values in each column (Tukey 5%) Plants treated with complete Hoagland solution
accumulated lower amounts of total fructans when
n.s. - not significant compared to -P and control plants in cerrado soil.
Table 1 shows that dry mass of rhizophores was not Plants treated with -N solution also presented low
aerated by any of the nutrient solution tested in fructan concentration (Fig. 4A). Fructo-
cerrado soil, while in sand plants grown without polysaccharides were found in higher amounts in
phosphorus produced significantly more dry mass in rhizophores of plants submitted to -P and H2O.
the underground organs than plants cultivated without Addition of nutrient had no effect in contents of
nitrogen. Dry mass accumulation in plant tops was fructo-oligosaccharides in plants grown in sand (Fig.
promote in complete Hoagland solution and -P treated 4B). The variation observed in total fructans reflected
plants grown in sand, but in those cultivate in cerrado the pattern found for fructo-polysaccharides: H2O and
-P treatments favored the accumulation of higher
amounts of these compounds.
TABLE 2- Relative molecular mass (Mr) and degree
of polimerization (DP) of fructo-polysaccharides from
rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea cultivated in
cerrado soil and in sand, under different nutrient
treatments. Hoagland nutrient solution (H), nutrient
solution without nitrogen (-N), nutrient solution
without phosphorous (-P) and contro (H 2O).
Cerrado Soil Sand
Mr DP Mr DP
H2O 2570 16 2962 18
H 2570 16 2570 16
-N 2570 14 2270 14
-P 2570 16 2270 14
higher fructan accumulation and lower shoot mass. In For major nutrients, plants in general show a lower
sand, control plants presented the highest molecular shoot/root ration when a particular nutrient is deficient
mass fructans which, in this context, suggesting low (Wilson, 1988). Plants of V. herbacea cultivated in
mobilization activity. the values for molecular masses cerrado soil wth complete nutrient solution exhibited a
of fructans presented here were lower than those higher shoot/root ration than -N, -P and control plants.
previously found in V. Herbacea (Carvalho & Dietrich, In his review, Wilson (1988) mentions that some
1993), possibly because, in the present investigation, authors have found no change in this ration when
younger plants were used. nutrient levels are varied, and this has usually not
been accompanied by and effect on growth, indicating
It is known that many species well adapted to
that the nutrient was not deficient in any of the
unfavorable conditions grown better when cultivated in
treatments. As a similar value of shoot:root ratio was
soil with high nutrient levels. In fact theirs ecological
found for -N, -P and control plants and growth was not
preference is due to a low competitive capacity and a
significantly affected, it can be suggested that the
high tolerance to extreme conditions (Fitter & Hay,
levels of these elements naturally found in cerrado
1983). In V. hebacea, a good supply of nutrients, as
soils are sufficient for the growth of the plant.
provided by the complete Hoagland solution seems to
promote shoot growth at the expense of fructan Considering the two substrates used in this
accumulation, a fact that most probably would treaten investigation, no significant differences in shoot length
the survival of the species in cerrado conditions, were found in plants grown in cerrado soil. However,
where accumulation is essential to endure the dry treatment with complete Hoagland solution and
season. Hoagland solution without phosphorus promoted