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LITERATURE REVIEW

Ankita P. (2011)
The author has discussed about the E commerce activities in India, the competitive and anti
competitive factors affecting the E commerce future. Major focus is on the credit card activities
affecting the E commerce. In the paper author has also discussed some international case studies.
Lastly the role of CCI in dealing these issues is discussed.

Nappinai N. S. (2010)
The author in his paper “Cyber Crime Law in India has law kept pace with Emerging Trends? An
Empirical Study” highlighted some important provision of the criminal laws in India relating to data
protection, privacy, encryption and other cyber crime activities and to the extent said provisions are
enforced to fight not just the present but future trends in Cyber Crime.

Rohas N. (2008)
In this book “e commerce legal issues” author has explained about e commerce activities, legal and
technical issues of digital signatures. Also a in depth knowledge about e certificates, electronics
contracts and step by step method to digitally sign a word document and email is provided, author
has also focused on how to obtain digital signature certificates and discussed many case studies.

Rohas N. (2008)
In the book “fundamentals of cyber law” author has discussed about basics terms and definition
related to computers and cyber space. There is detailed explanation about the IT Act 2000, Indian
Penal Code (IPL) and Indian Cyber Law. Author has also discussed almost 21 cyber crimes which
are committed in the cyber space and what are the liable punishments for these cyber crimes. There
is an overview of IP addresses, Blogs, Domain name spaces (DNS) and working of email system.
The book provides complete insight into cyber law and its basics

Satish R. and Henry D. (2012)

Authors in the article “A study on implementation challenges of E commerce in India”
have discussed about the Global and Indian E-Commerce sales statistics to show the reasons why E
Commerce is not accepted in India. The study also shows various quality issues of the websites
which are neglected and have suggested proposing Total Quality Management (TQM)
implementation as the best solution to solve the problem.

Shanju D. (2012)
In this paper titled “A study on Implementation Challenges of E-Commerce in India” author has
explained in detail about the E commerce activities, Importance of M commerce and its emergence.
Author has also mentioned about different dimensions of ecommerce. Major area of focus is
challenges faced by e commerce industry in India, Role of government in setting up ecommerce
industry and triggers and barriers for ecommerce industry in Indian Market.

V. Rajaraman (2000)
In this article the author has explained what is e commerce, different e commerce activities, there
advantages and disadvantages. There is in detail discussion with examples about B2B, B2C and
C2C transactions.

Waghmare G.T. (2012)

Prof. Waghmare in his Research Paper “A Business Review of Ecommerce in India” has mentioned
about the market scope of the country in ecommerce industry, advantages and disadvantage of
ecommerce. According to the author there is great potential in India to flourish E commerce
Industry because of Low PC cost and Availability of Internet but the same time awareness among
the people, low security and maintenance, Taxation, Vendor Management etc. Impact of
ecommerce on retailers is also discussed briefly.

Dr. Khandelwal A. (2011)

The author discusses E commerce management practices in India it is felt that there is need to
increase trust by providing additional security. In this paper author have mentioned new approach in
website security, systems build using whitelist paradigm may create secure websites. There should
little customers fear and risk associated with sensitive and vital information. There by increasing the
creditability of online shopping in market

Cassim F. (2009)
In the article “Formulating specialized legislation to address the growing spectre of cyber crime: A
comparative study” author looks at the cyber legislation formulated to address cybercrime in the
United States of America, The United Kingdom, Australia, India, The gulf Countries and South
Africa. The study reveals that the inability of national laws to address the challenges posed by
cybercrime has led to the introduction of specialized cyber legislation. It is advocated that countries
should introduce new cyber laws to respond to the rapid change in technology and cyber crimes.
There should be continuous research and training of IT security personnel, financial service sector
personnel, police officers, prosecutors and the judiciary to keep them abreast of the evolving
technology.

Shrikant A. et al. (2010)

This paper deals with the privacy issue in Indian perspective with respect to challenges in three
different dimensions like Legal, Technical and Political domain. Authors discuss about proposed
framework to deal with these challenges. In India there is no such legal framework to deal with
privacy issue. To handle major challenges we refer ITA 2003 that was built with the motivation to
facilitate e commerce and hence the privacy was not the prior concern in IT act. This paper provides
a solution as per present and future requirement of privacy in Indian Scenario.

Daniel J. (2002)
Author has mentioned about the B2B and e commerce trade activity in developing country. The
paper discuss that policies aim to promote ‘e-readiness’ are unlikely to succeed on terms that
maximise benefits for developing country. Author focuses on the positioning of firms at global
value chains to deal with operational challenges.

Nisha C. and Sangeeta G. (2012)

Authors have explored Indian E Commerce Industries and its Opportunities in upcoming years.
Paper gives overview of the future of E-Commerce in India and discusses the future growth
segments in India’s E-Commerce and represents various opportunities for retailers, wholesalers,
producers and for individuals. Paper givers only the positive aspect of e commerce and its future
growth.

Shilpan V. (2012)

In this paper “E-banking and E-Commerce in India and USA” author discusses about E Banking a
Major Field related to E commerce Activity and has shown a direct comparative study between the
developing countries like India and US. The future of E- Banking in developing Countries appears
bright but consumers and merchants face many barriers like reliable telecommunication
infrastructure, power supplies, less access to online payment mechanism.

Talwant S. (2004)

A Addl. Distt. & Sessions Judge has taken up a crucial and rare topic of discussion that is the
importance of harmony between the law enforcement agencies and computer professionals.
According to author both the parts are equally important for enabling strong cyber security in
country and make internet a safe place for its users. Author has also made a comparative study on
law definition in US and India.

Ashwini B. (2012)

Author discusses broadly about the ratio of increasing cyber crime and there effect on the society
and e business and retailers. The paper briefs about the cyber threat and frauds, it also briefs about
the internet user in India, its scope and future. Author also puts light on the governmental measures
to stop cyber crime and talks about the challenges that India needs to face to beat cyber threat.
Susheel B. and Durgesh P. (2011)

Authors in their paper “Study of Indian Banks Websites for Cyber Crime Safety Mechanism”
discusses that security plays an important role in implementation of technology specially in banking
sector. Paper talks about the cyber security required at the core banking level as the money is just
only single click away. Through this paper authors have tried to put forward different issues that
Indian banking system face and importance of cyber security mechanism.

K.T. Geetha and V. Malarvizhi (2012)

Authors talks about the factor which are affecting the acceptance of e banking services among the
customers and also indicates level of concern regarding security and privacy issues in Indian
Customers. The paper says many factors like security, privacy and awareness level increased the
acceptance of e banking among customers, If bank provide necessary guidance and ensure safety of
their accounts customers are willing to use e banking services.

Sanjay K. and Ajay Kumar B. (2010)

In this article titled “E-Governance in India – Problems and Acceptability” authors discuss about e
governance and its effective use to improve the system of governance that is in place, and thus
provide better services to the citizens. E- Governance is considered important means of taking IT to
the “Common Public”. Paper concludes developments, opportunities, problems and acceptability of
e- Governance in India.

Sanjay P. (2010)
Author discuss in detail the provisions of IT Act, 2000 and its recent amendments towards
combating cyber crime. Author has also made an attempt to analyse the current trends in cyber
crime then the analyses is made on the needs of legislation and current provisions of IT Act, lastly
paper talks about similar provisions in the world and drawing parallel laws in the country. Finally
author sums up the discussion with suggested recommendations for possible and safe cyber world.

Rohas N.(2007)

Author discusses various rules, regulations and orders that have been passed over the last 7 years.
Author then moves onto a brief discussion on the Indian law relating to cyber pornography and
features the Avnish Bajaj (CEO of bazzee.com – now part of the ebay group of companies) case.
This paper discusses 7 interesting case laws that author feels highlight the development of cyber
legal jurisprudence in India over the last 7 years
Meghna B.(2010)

Author discusses simple terms and concepts about E Commerce in the book, it is written in simple
language. Author talks about different topics like Electronic Communication, Growth of E-
Commerce Industry and Factors required its development, then the discussion moves to the
technical part like protocols used for E commerce activity, Ecommerce Providers and Software
Packages.

S. Bansal (2012)

The author discusses working of Internet and its simple terms like DNS, URL’s and then extends
the discussion to browsing of web, TCP/IP Basics, electronic Mails, FTP’s Newsgroups and search
engine towards the end author discusses very important aspect of internet security, web application
and Concept of E business. The book gives an complete overview of Internet and E business
Activities.

Vijaya L. et al. (2011)

Group of Authors says that in any E commerce activity clients may be interested in buying and
selling the goods across the web. According to authors buying the goods over web is difficult task
an d hence author should have knowledge about the goods. This paper introduces E commerce
activity and then concludes with an attempt to bridge the gap between the demand and supply of
information for better E commerce activity to take place across internet from customer point of
view.

Basit D. et al. (2011)

Authors say traditional government pattern is time and money consuming, to overcome this
obstacle governments in different countries are setting up there E Governance and executing them
in the best possible manner. Further authors discuss Plan of Indian Government and there
methodology with certain data and statistics in support to their research. They also highlight the
Reasons for Non Acceptance of Local Government Websites, Ability of the citizens to use E
Governance and Satisfaction derived among them after using these Websites. They conclude saying
there is extreme need in improvement of local government strategies, policies and applications.

Muhammad Abdulhamid et al. (2011)

Authors discuss cyberspace security is crucial for maintaining the continuity of the vital services
and for preserving the public’s trust in information systems. According to authors Cyber security
issues are global happening and can be tackled globally. This research paper gives us optimism that
it is likely to create a better law enforcement in collaboration with world agencies.
M. Hasan and E. Harris (2009)

In this paper authors have explored the interaction between entrepreneurship and innovation; they
investigate the roles of organisational development in general and e commerce companies in
particular. Authors have conducted interviews to examine the perception of entrepreneur in e
commerce. The results of this study have shown that entrepreneurship and innovation is a crucial
factor for the long term sustainability of e commerce and e business.

Premkumar B. and Kalpana K. (2012)

Authors are discussing the need to develop the metrics to assess the strength of E commerce
penetration in Business and also evaluate the various E commerce platforms. According to authors
use of E business tools for data analysis, prediction and decision making has become the latest
trend.

Piscevic M. and Simic D. (2009)

Authors have discussed the reducing risk with increasing use of digital certificates. In this paper
authors talk about the open network of internet and the amount of insecurity of data. According to
authors there should be five types of security provided to the data that travels over large network
those are confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, availability and non repetition of data.
Digital certificates provide a means of proving identity in electronic transaction.

Mani A. (2012)
A lecturer discusses about the cyber crime activities and there causes, major focus of author is to
cover the topic how cyber criminal activities are affecting the growth and development of e
commerce industry. Author in his paper also talks about the various tools that are used to deal the
cyber crime activity and he concludes the paper by saying that e security is the major concern for
both consumers and business. Building trust among all the parties in online market is very crucial.

Cezar V. (2012)
This paper explores the notion of cyber attack as a concept for understanding modern conflicts.
Author elaborates a conceptual theoretical framework, observing that when it comes to cyber
attacks, cyber war and cyber defence there are no internationally accepted definitions on the subject.
Author suggests that particular attention should be given to the development of a procedure for
clearly discriminating between events( cyber attacks, cyber war and cyber crime or cyber terrorism)
and to maintain a procedure for the conduct of nation’s legitimate military/ civil cyber response
operations.
National Cyber Security Policy Govt. Of India (2011)
In this paper gives a detailed study about the cyber security, cyber space and its strategic perspective
authors also explain that legal framework, law enforcement and information sharing. Paper also
talks about the awareness created at different level of users (corporate, home users, students etc)
through training. The paper is concluded by discussing the technologies used for ensuring security.

Priti S. et al. (2012)

Group of authors explain the terms like firewall, antivirus, internet security and information system
with appropriate procedural and technological solution for safeguarding the data. Authors say as our
nation is rapidly building its Cyber-Infrastructure, it is equally important that we educate our
population to work properly with this infrastructure. Cyber-Ethics, Cyber-Safety and Cyber-Security
issues need to be integrated in the educational system.

Arief R. et al. (2011)

Group of Faculty of computer science from university of Indonesia specifically discusses about
three types of applied ethics i.e. Cyber ethics, information ethics and computer ethics. There are two
aspects of these three applied ethics that is there definitions and the issues associated with them.
Authors also say that these three applied ethics acts as a base for e-government ethics and can enrich
the e-governance of the country.

Mohit G. (2012)
Assistant Professor describes the meaning of ethics and explains different types of ethics. He then
concentrates on cyber ethics as cyber crime is increasing in the country. He also focuses on the other
countries policies and rules to curb the problem, author says that there is need for India to spread
awareness and educate its netizens to minimise the cyber criminal activities, in the end he also
focuses on different steps taken by Indian police and government authorities to minimise these
criminal activities.

Debarati H. and K. Jaishankar(2010)

Authors in the article “Cyber Victimization in India” describe since 1990’s till today India has seen
growth in IT Sector, almost every household falling in economic zone of moderate to high income
groups have internet access and people from age group of 13 to 70 years access internet regularly
but along with this there is victimization. India has an exclusive legislation dedicated for
information technology, e-governance, e-commerce and e-socialization to a certain extent, this has
hardly helped in curbing the ever increasing victimization of individual in cyberspace in India.

Samridh S. et al. (2012)

The paper proposes a curriculum for cyber safety education in schools. The proposed curriculum
covers four sections: Cyber Threats, Protecting Ourselves, Cyber Ethics and Cyber Laws. His
curriculum will be made available to schools for adoption through an open source model. As
according to authors large number of 13-14 year olds is frequent online surfers and most often these
children have very little education at schools pertaining to the right conduct in cyberspace. The
students are not given the crucial guidelines of the internet and how to stay safe while surfing it.
Hence an attempt is made by the authors to make cyberspace a safer place

Bawa D. and Marwah D. (2011)

Authors explain in this Cyber ethics refers to the code of responsible behaviour on the internet, this
paper explores the codes of online conduct that are emerging as new media gains more influence in
political and business affairs. Going beyond common sense ethical codes on the Internet, such as
honesty, accuracy and transparency, this research article attempts to explore cyber ethics from
different perspectives.

N. Vijayashankar (2004)
A E business consultant and founder in his paper titled “Cyber Law for every Netizens in India”
describes that whoever is living in this Cyber Space or is conducting business in Cyber Space
should be concerned with this branch of Law. According to author Software Professionals need to
absorb many salient features of this Law so that they keep themselves and their clients safe and
protected from the consequences of Cyber Law.

Ken T. (2010)
According to author one of the challenges of teaching pre-teens about the internet is their varying
degrees and levels of involvement. The police officer brings a solid understanding of the laws as
well as a strong knowledge of safety issues. Author focus is on the approach for effective irradiation
of cyber bullying and the impact of online behaviour on the atmosphere and climate.
Lastly author points sharply that even parents should be educated and made aware about possible
victimization.