6 ‘gas with constant y= 1.4. DUE: 14 October 2018 3 PAGES ~ PAGE 1 MECNSO14 5011 UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, INDUSTRIAL & AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING ‘MECNS014 5011 - FLUID DYNAMICS/ GAS DYNAMICS AND PROPULSION INSTRUCTIONS: 1. MECN 5014, answer questions 1 to 7 for a total of 100 Marks and MECN 5011, answer questions 1 to 8 for a total of 125 Marks. QUESTION 1 ‘What is the maximum velocity that supersonic flow can be expanded to? HINT: The minimum, temperature that a fluid can have is 0 K, and you'll need to use the definition for stagnation ‘temperature. (5 MARKS) ‘QUESTION 2 ‘An airflow at Mach 0.6 passes through a channel with a cross-sectional area of $0. em?. The static pressure in the airstream is 50 kPa; static temperature is 298 K. nel. [10 Marks] a.) Calculate the mass flow rate through the b.) What percent of reduction in area would be necessary to increase the flow Mach number to 0.87 to 1.0? [8 Marks] c.) What would happen if the area were reduced more than necessary to reach Mach 1? [2 Marks] QUESTION 3 ‘Sketch p versus x for the three cases shown in Figure 1. Assume isentropic flow except for flow across the normal shocks. oe ol ol “T= x x x Figure 1: Graphics corresponding to question narrative (8 Marks) QUESTION 4 ‘A normal shock is found to occur in the diverging portion of a converging diverging nozzle at an area equal to 1.1 times the throat area. If the nozzle has a ratio of exit area to throat area of 2.2, determine the percent of decrease in nozzle exit velocity due to the presence of the shock “Compared with the exit velocity of a perfectly expanded iséntropic supersonic nozzle flow). Assume the flow is expanded from negligible velocity, that the stagnation temperature of the flow is the same for both cases, and that the working fluid is steam, which behaves as a perfect [20 Marks}DUE: 14 October 2018 3 PAGES ~ PAGE 2 MECNSO14 5011 QUESTION 5 In which configuration of Figure 2, left or right, will the high-pressure tank empty faster? Ex- plain, Figure 2: Sketch corresponding to question narrative (5 Marks) QUESTION 6 For the flow of air (7 = 1.4 and R = 9.287 ki/kg_ K) from the reservoir at 650 kPa and 1000 K shown in Figure 3, assume isentrop in the convergent divergent nozzle and Fanno flow in the constant-area duct, which has @ £ 20 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. The area ratio ‘Ag/Ay of the C-D nozzle is 2.9. Take the fiction factor to be 0.02. opp fo Figure 3: Sketch corresponding to question narrative 1.) Find the mass flow rate for a back pressure of O kPa. [5 Marks] ».) For part (a), find the pressure at the exit plane of the duct. (5 Marks} .) Find the back pressure necessary for a normal shock to occur at the exit plane of the nozzle (2). [5 Marks] .) Find the back pressure necessary for a normal shock to appear just downstream of the nozzle throat (1). [5 Marks]DUE: 14 October 2018 3 PAGES ~ PAGE 3 MECNS014 5011 QUESTION 7 For the system shown in Figure 4, determine the mass flow rate if 250 ki/kg of heat energy is added to the flow in the duct. The duct diameter is 2 cm. Repeat for a back pressure of 100 kPa. Working fluid is air (y = 1.4, cy = 1004.5 J/kg.K and R = 0.287 ki/kg.K). [25 Marks] q= 250 kivke po=OkPa D=0.02m O Figure 4: Sketch corresponding to question narrative QUESTION 7 .¢ profile shown in Figure 5. At zero angle of attack, length of span at Mach 2 and at Mach 4. Repeat of the airfoil to be 0.2 m. [25 Marks} A two-dimensional supersonic wing hi determine the drag force on the wing for the lift force, Take the maximun Figure 5: Sketch corresponding to question narrativeau os ee W4/10/z014 R= SOtcha T=298K A= 0, 6 AzSOcm* Az SOcm™ «lO em? = S072 mM? Table-[: M,= 0,6 32 2 10320 >|? 4 Sy2ASS “Te = (24 PK) (\,0920) = 319, 456K = (Solera) (LAST) = 63, FAS Ueha yet mryery ogee am (i = (63395 03) a = wast 2\2-2G4 “GaGa (se ‘(es)(r+ Slo) 29)a, Vig 2a ae ea VeTe 63,996~10° STA X= 4, 240TxI07F Lor x =4, 2045 xo? for A [Mach Number? M208 of Malo im - ee 22-5 0,60% = eae sa aie Se ((08( z (o)) ne a DM =0, 3 Mm =10 4, FOC x13 On| % cedechor M wea | \-SreF 12, 54% My Zoag x107} a Veer oeee US BA Mao 8 cae EAN = 21/0) (5, 80% cJ The flow ~ould choke 02) Isotopic Flow - Sajnoter Presswes egvol mt Stagnohiun Pressure sumer ocross shockewove — Tasle-2+[Tadl (Subsonic) Ake, = 0,27 Supersonic) Wh = eo (€ flow iz supersonic throughout Shock af exiti My =331 If flows B sobtonic, cholem diegerl seco speanr befre fee = 1,4 A rable apes G-pewn) ICs pesonre) M,. = 34 f Te a re S454 — GER Pratle- 2° Mx = 34 y= O,AS2F ty jeikaeeees = Pett 2S Su eT Ship gga Ree TOLEReaTS [Ae _ : Ace 2 (sabsonie)Me = 0,30 ps Cathreectan 2 1~ S97 = FOLK QS.) [The tenle on the cight. The narowest sechisa will Vhely cause ® 40 choke , resulting m spersorie Flow without Mhre formehea M the dowas tree pethon, dueto the ext echion bens diveg ent,