Jarmo-Packet Student Instructions Web

Student Archaeology Notebook
Project Archaeology: Investigating Shelter Series

No. 18 Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling at Jarmo
Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

at Jarmo
Archaeology Notebook
_____________________________________
Student Archaeologist
(your name)
In this investigation you will use geography, history, and archaeology to learn about a Neolithic dwell-
ing and the people who lived there. You will watch videos about mudbrick construction and read and
hear about the Neolithic Revolution. You will “make” an archaeological site and classify artifacts. You
will infer how the geographic location of the Neolithic people of Northern Iraq shaped their dwellings.
You will use what you learned to plan and draw a shelter that is small and provides for privacy. In a final
composition you will report what you learned.
1
Neolithic Dwelling Investigation — Archaeology Notebook
2016 © Project Archaeology/MSU
Investigating Shelter

Part One: Geography
You are an archaeologist. Your question is:
What can we learn about the history and lives of the Neolithic people of Northern Iraq by investigating a house at
Jarmo?
Investigation Activities
1. Read a description of how a tauf house is built and maintained, and what it is like to live in one
(page 3)
2. Watch a video of a mud house being built
3. Estimate the size of the Jarmo house with the whole class (teacher lead)
4. Read “Geography and Environment of the Jarmo House” (page 4)
5. Complete Data Collection Sheet “Geography and Environment of the Jarmo House” (page 5)
Data Sources
The article “A Tauf House” (page 3)
The video, “Constructing a Mud House”
The article “Geography and Environment of the Jarmo house” (pages 4)
Word Bank (Words are in bold the first time they appear in the text.)
BC: Before Christ — used in indicating dates
biography: a written account of another person’s life
domestication: the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use
dwelling: a place where people live
erosion: the gradual wearing away of an object or surface
insulation: the ability of a material to keep contents warm or cool relative to outside temperatures
tauf: sun-hardened clumps of mud used as a building material
2
A Tauf House
Tauf is an Arabic word describing a simple mud construction technology. Clumps of wet mud
mixed with straw are piled in a row about 3-4 inches high, smoothed out, and allowed to dry in the sun
for a day. Then another row is added, and another, until a wall has been built up. Sometimes a mud plas-
ter can be added to the wall once it is finished to help protect against rain.
You might think living in a mud house would be uncomfortable, but the thick mud walls provide
good insulation, helping to keep the inside of the house cool in the summer and warm in the win-
ter. The sun-dried mud can stand up to water for a little while, but it requires constant maintenance,
especially when it rains often. A major problem for tauf houses is erosion, especially water erosion. A
house made of tauf could probably stand for 10–15 years or more before having to be rebuilt, as long as
it was maintained every season.
Tauf is not used very much today, but even in the 1960s it was used for building garden and field
walls in Iraqi villages. After about 6,000 BC it became much more common for people in the Middle
East to use sun-dried bricks of mud and straw formed in wooden molds (the same material as tauf, just
shaped and used in a different way). Mudbrick was the most common building technology in the Mid-
dle East for thousands of years, and was really only replaced in the 20th century by concrete and cinder
blocks.
Video: Constructing a Mud House

Watch a YouTube video of a mud house being built in Brazil. The technique is similar to the way the
Jarmo house was built, except that the builders of the Jarmo house did not use a wooden frame.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS4ih4EZlDA
3
Geography and Environment of the Jarmo House
Around 7,000 BC, Jarmo was a small village in the foothills of the Zagros mountains in northern
Iraq. It sits on a high piece of land formed by deep seasonal river canyons, one of which has a small
spring. The environment and climate have changed since the builders of the Jarmo house lived, but
archaeologists are still not exactly sure how much these factors have changed. Today the average winter
temperature near Jarmo is about 40 degrees Fahrenheit (with temperatures sometimes as low as 32 de-
grees Fahrenheit), and the average summer temperature is about 87 degrees Fahrenheit (with tempera-
tures sometimes as high as 95 degrees Fahrenheit). There is an average of about 22 inches of rain per
year. In 7,000 BC, the climate was probably a little cooler and a little wetter.
Many wild plants and animals could be found in the area around Jarmo — some archaeologists
think that this is why it was an early center of domestication. The area around Jarmo is hilly, with
high mountains rising to the east. In 7,000 BC, the most common trees were oak and pistachio. The
landscape was made of patchy woodlands and grassy clearings. Many wild plants could have been used
for food or medicine. Animals that lived near Jarmo include wild sheep, wild goats, gazelles, deer, wild
cattle, wild pigs, onagers (wild donkeys), foxes, hedgehogs, lynx, badgers, otters, hares, snails, and
possibly lions or panthers.
In 7,000 BC, the people of Jarmo grew wheat and lentils for food, and kept dogs, sheep, and goats.
In addition, they used some of the plants and animals mentioned above for food, including acorns, pista-
chios, deer, hare, and snails.
4
Name:
Geography and Environment of Jarmo: Analyzing the Data
1. Jarmo is located within the borders of what modern country?
2. What kind of wild plants and animals could be found around Jarmo in 7,000 BC?
3. Draw a picture below that shows what the landscape around Jarmo looked like. Label each part of
the landscape.
4. In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the average temperature in the winter in this area?
5. In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the average temperature in summer in this area?
6. What kind of shelter do you think would be needed for this climate?
5

Part Two: History
What can we learn about the history and lives of Neolithic people of Northern Iraq by investigating a house at
Jarmo?
1. Examine a photograph of the Jarmo House (page 7)
2. Read “The Jarmo House in History: The Neolithic Revolution” (page 8)
3. Complete the data collection sheet for “The Jarmo House in History: The Neolithic Revolution”
(pages 9–10)
Data Sources
Photo of the Jarmo house (page 7)
Essay, “The Neolithic Revolution” (page 8)
Video, “The Agricultural Revolution” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I
Word Bank
agriculture: farming domesticated plants for food
domestication: the process of changing wild plant and animal species to fit human needs
Neolithic revolution: the change from living as mobile hunter-gatherers to living as sedentary farm-
ers
Neolithic society: a society in which people live in permanent settlements and use domesticated
plants and animals for food
sedentary: living in a permanent settlement
6
Reconstruction of the Jarmo House
Image: This is a reconstruction of the Jarmo house as it might have looked 7,000 years ago. (The hole in the
upper left is to show the construction of the roof and would not have been present in the actual house.)
Image credit: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2016.
7
The Jarmo House in History: The “Neolithic Revolution”

When speaking about a major change in the way that prehistoric human societies lived, archaeol-
ogists and anthropologists draw a dividing line between Paleolithic (“Old Stone Age”) and Neolithic
(“New Stone Age”) Society. People living in Paleolithic societies were mobile hunter-gatherers. They
moved around the land, following the animals they hunted and the plants they gathered for food. They
may have stayed in one location for a season or more, or returned regularly to certain campsites or
hunting grounds. They did not have permanent settlements. They may have encouraged the growth of
certain plants, but they did not really practice agriculture — regularly planting and harvesting do-
mesticated plants as a primary food source.
In 1923, the archaeologist V. Gordon Childe first used the phrase Neolithic Revolution to de-
scribe the dramatic change in human society that probably began around 10,000 BC. Two main fea-
tures of the Neolithic Revolution were the adoption of sedentary lifestyles and the domestication
of plants and animals. A sedentary lifestyle is one in which people live in the same place year-round.
Domestication is the process of changing wild plant and animal species to fit human needs. A Neolithic
Society is one in which people are sedentary and rely to a great extent on agriculture for their food.
The Neolithic Revolution was not a quick process (it took place over thousands of years), and not every
society adopted sedentary and agricultural lifestyles. But as more and more societies did, human life on
earth changed completely. Although a few hunter-gatherer groups still exist, almost everyone on earth
now relies on agriculture for food, and almost everyone (even nomadic people) lives within a mostly
sedentary society.
Archaeologists study the Neolithic Revolution by looking at the remains of human activity in the
past. Evidence for sedentary lifestyles can be found in the remains of permanent, year-round shelters.
Evidence for domestication and agriculture can be found in the bones of domesticated animals and the
remains of domesticated plants.
In the 1940s, the archaeologists Robert and Linda Braidwood wanted to know where, when, and
why the Neolithic Revolution took place, and what it was like for the people who lived during this time
period. They chose the site of Jarmo to try to help answer these questions, because they thought the Jar-
mo region was one of the first places that domestication took place. They hoped that the archaeological
remains at Jarmo could help them understand the lives of Neolithic people and why they chose to live
like they did.
8
Name:
The Neolithic Revolution: Analyzing the Data
1. What do archaeologists mean by a Neolithic Society?
2. Why was the Neolithic Revolution important?
3. Why did archaeologists choose to dig at Jarmo?
9
4. Draw a picture of life before the Neolithic revolution using the information provided in the “Neo-
lithic Revolution” essay.
5. Draw a picture of life at Jarmo after the Neolithic revolution.
10

Part Three: Archaeology
What can we learn about the history and lives of Neolithic people of Northern Irag by investigating the house at
Jarmo?
1. Examine photographs and drawings the Jarmo House (pages 12–14)
2. Complete a data collection sheet for the “Images of the Jarmo House” (pages 15–16)
3. Teacher-led class discussion using “Footprints of Shelters” (page 17)
4. Whole class review of the “Footprint of the Jarmo House” and the “Plan of the Jarmo House” (pages
18–19)
5. Construct a “Quadrant Map” in each group (your teacher will provide it)
6. Complete Data Collection Sheet: “Quadrant of the Jarmo House” (page 20)
7. Teacher-led class discussion of data collection
Data Sources
Photo and reconstruction drawing of the Jarmo house (page 12-13)
Photo of a 1950s mud house near Jarmo (page 14)
“Footprints of Shelters” (page 17)
“Footprint of the Jarmo House” (page 18)
“Plan of the Jarmo House” (page 19)
“Jarmo House Construction” (page 21)
“How an Archaeological Site is Formed” (page 22)
Word Bank
archaeology: the scientific study of past human cultures through artifacts and sites
archaeological site: a place where people lived and left objects behind
excavate: to uncover by digging and expose to view
11
Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House
Image #1: A photograph of a Jarmo house after it was excavated by archaeologists. Image credit:
Braidwood & Braidwood, 1983.
12
Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House (Continued)
Image #2: A top-down drawing of the remains of a Jarmo House as discovered by archaeologists. The oval
on the left side is a kind of oven. Image credit: Samuel Harris, 2016.
13
Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House (Continued)
Image #3. Archaeologists and villagers outside a 20th-century mud house in a village near Jarmo. Image
credit: Braidwood & Braidwood, 1983.
14
Name:
Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House: Observing and Collecting

Data
Examine the images of the Jarmo house and answer the following questions.
1. What materials were used to build the Jarmo house?
2. When do you think Image #1 was taken?
3. What is the person in Image #1 doing?
4. What does it look like the people in Image #3 are doing?
15
Name:
Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House: Analyzing and

Interpreting the Data
1. Why do you think Image #3 (p. 14) was taken and included in a book about the archaeology of
Jarmo?
2. How do you think the archaeologists decided what the Jarmo house looked like (p. 7) when what
they actually found were the remains in Image #1 (p. 12)?
3. Why do you think the archaeologists drew the blueprint of the Jarmo House in Image #2?
4. What questions do you have about the images?
5. How could you get more information to answer your questions?
16
Footprints of Shelters
Archaeological footprint of a modern Archaeological footprint of an earthfast

house house
Archaeological footprint of a tipi Archaeological footprint of Jarmo

house
17
Footprint of the Jarmo House

Our Neolithic house was located in the village of Jarmo, which is within the borders of modern-day
Iraq. The village of Jarmo was located on a high piece of land overlooking several deep, narrow stream
beds (which are dry most of the year). The village covered 3.2 acres, about the size of three football
fields.
Archaeologists came to Jarmo in the 1940s and 1950s to investigate Neolithic ways of life. The
excavations at Jarmo were some of the first in the world to include scientific specialists from a wide
variety of disciplines to try to get a better picture of all aspects of the site: a geologist, a zoologist, and
a specialist in plants and pollen all assisted the archaeologists in their investigations.
There were many layers of remains at the site of Jarmo, representing thousands of years of occu-
pation. For this reason, and also because of soil erosion, the archaeologists were not able to excavate
the remains of an entire village. The Jarmo house that we are investigating, for example, was one of the
best-preserved and most complete houses that the archaeologists found. However, very little was found
of other houses from the same time.
Excavations at Jarmo, 1950s. Image credit: Braidwood & Braidwood, 1983.
18
Plan of the Jarmo House
19
Name:
Quadrant of the Jarmo House Site: Analyzing the Data
1. Write the quadrant location you are investigating. ___________________________

2. Use the circles below to put your artifacts in groups. Give each group a name and then count the
artifacts. You may want to add more circles.
Total Total
Total
Total
3. Express the information above (number 2) as a bar graph or pie chart. Use separate paper if neces-
sary.
4. Based on your observations of your artifact groups, write down two or more activities that took
place in this part of the Jarmo house site.
5. Observe the complete archaeological plan of the Jarmo house. Do your conclusions change after
seeing the entire dwelling? Do you have different ideas about how the people lived? If so, write your
new conclusions.
20
Jarmo House Construction
STAGE 1
Wet mud was piled in a row about 3 inches high. This mud was al-
lowed to dry for about a day.
STAGE 2
Additional rows were added day by day to make the walls.
STAGE 3
A wooden beam was laid lengthwise across the shelter to form a frame
for the roof. Saplings were laid perpendicular to the beam to make the
rafters.
STAGE 4
The roof frame was covered with reeds, which were then covered with
mud.
STAGE 5
The floor of the house was finished with a smooth mud plaster laid
over reeds, and a basin was hollowed out and covered with plaster for
use as an oven.
21
How an Archaeological Site is Formed

The mud houses at Jarmo were probably only used for about 10-15 years before they started to fall
apart. Once it was too difficult to repair and maintain the house, it was abandoned. The roof usually
caved in quickly (1), and then the walls began to fall as well (2). Sometimes neighbors would use the
ruined building as a place to throw trash. Sometimes the house would be left alone for long enough that
loose soil nearly covered the remains of the walls (3). Other times residents would knock down the
parts of the walls that were still standing and build another house in the same place.
In either case, the hard, sun-dried tauf or mudbrick had a different consistency from the surround-
ing soil, so archaeologists digging carefully could find the footprints of the walls, and sometimes even
remains of walls still standing several feet high.
When sedentary people build and rebuild their mud houses over generations in the same place, the
broken down mud architecture from older houses begins to form an artificial hill called a tell, defined
as a mound that contains the superimposed remains of different ancient settlements. With each rebuild-
ing, the level of the village grows a little higher above the original ground level. The tell at Jarmo was
about 5 meters (16 ½ feet) above the sandstone, but some tells where many people lived over a long
time can be over 100 feet high.
1 2
22

Part Four: Today
What can we learn about the history and lives of the Neolithic people of Northern Iraq by investigating a house at
Jarmo?
1. Read a biography of Dr. Salma Samar Damluji, “Meet Professor Damluji — Iraqi Architect” (page
24)
2. Read “Jarmo Today — Archaeology of the Future” (page 27)
3. Read “Preserving the Archaeology of Iraq” (page 28)
Data Sources
“Jarmo Today— Archaeology of the Future” (page 27)
“Preserving the Archaeology of Iraq” (page 28)
Word Bank
looting: removing objects from an archaeological site to keep or sell without the permission of the
authorities
23
Meet Professor Damluji — Iraqi Architect

This is Dr. Salma Samar Damluji, an Iraqi
architect of Lebanese descent. Salma Samar is a
professor of Architecture of the Islamic World at
the American University of Beirut in Lebanon.
She co-founded the Daw’an Mud Brick Architec-
ture Foundation where she serves as the Chief
Architect. Professor Damluji has carried out ex-
tensive field work and research on architecture
in the Arab region. For over 25 years, mud brick
architecture has been one of her main interests
and she has written several books on the topic.
Because Salma Samar is Middle Eastern, she
thinks that she has a very important responsibili-
ty to create centers of learning about this kind of
architecture. She wants to teach young architects
about its importance and how to build this way.
It is rare that Salma Samar can visit Iraq,
due to wars and political problems. Salma Samar
Figure 1: Dr. Salma Samar Damluji (photo travels a lot, but does most of her architectural
courtesy of Cynthia Atoui). work in Yemen.
Figure 2: Location of Iraq and Yemen. Google Map. 2016.

24
Figures 3 & 4: Plan and Façade of Qarn Majid before restoration. Image credit: Salma Samar Damluji,
2016.
Professor Damluji:
Notes on Archaeology
While the earliest buildings like the
one at Jarmo may seem simple, sun-dried
mudbrick architecture was later used to
construct buildings of up to 7, 8, and 9 Figure 5: Qarn Majid restored. Image credit: Salma
Samar Damluji, 2016.
floors, which is a huge feat of engineering
and construction. And when it comes to
design, it is superior. People have con-
structed palaces in sun-dried mudbrick,
with 40 rooms and 40 bathrooms all in one
building!
25
Figure 7: A complex of mudbrick houses on which Salma Samar’s foundation

works to restore, in Yemen. Image credit: Salma Samar Damluji, 2016.
Figure 8: A town in which colleagues of Salma Samar are currently working to renovate the
mudbrick buildings. Image credit: Salma Samar Damluji, 2016.
26
Jarmo Today — Architecture of the Future

By Professor Salma Samar Damluji
Years ago, Salma Samar learned that mudbrick architec-

ture is very advanced and complicated. Not only can magnif-
icent, long-lasting buildings be made from it, but it is better
for the earth. In the Middle East and North Africa, it costs
less than using wood, steel, and concrete. She noticed that
because mudbrick architecture has been used in the Middle
East for hundreds of years it has become part of the identity
of the culture.
Why don’t we build using mud brick now when it is
so incredible and amazing? Simply put, it is because you
don’t make money out of mud bricks anymore. Building
companies and tradesmen make more money now by using
imported architecture styles and materials. The use of these
materials can be part of a big market with stocks and such, Figure 9: Picture of Salma onsite in Qarn
but mudbrick cannot. Majid before restoration. Image credit:
As well, there is a cultural battle: It is seen as better, or Salma Samar Damluji, 2016.
more modern, to use Western-style buildings. Politicians
seek praise for making a place more “civilized” by constructing Western-style buildings. But mudbrick
architecture is part of a profound, long-standing culture. The way mud brick buildings are built, with
courtyards and certain kinds of rooms, relates to the way people in Middle Eastern cultures live and
socialize. The way imported Western forms of buildings are used has resulted in culturally meaningless
cities and towns in the Middle East. We need to recognize that designing and building with earth and
mud brick materials is the architecture of the future, not the past.
Professor Damluji: Notes on Sustainable Resources

This way of building houses, with mudbrick, has been part of the local culture since the
first civilizations. The fact that this is the way things have been done for so long shows us how
long-lasting mudbrick architecture is — both for the environment and for the economy.
Mudbrick architecture uses the resources of the environment responsibly by using materials
found in the local area. Today, worldwide trade makes it possible to bring in the materials with
which Western-style houses can be built: concrete, steel, and wood. Because these materials are
mostly imported, buildings made from them cost much more to construct than buildings made
from mudbrick.
What is more, these kinds of buildings, like those of Jarmo, need care and maintenance. They
are frequently renovated or rebuilt. Buildings that are neglected or deserted do not last! I am not
a historian, so I don’t usually attach dates to buildings. However, the mud brick buildings I have
helped to rehabilitate are 200, 300, and sometimes many more years old. We know for a fact that
some of the buildings I have worked on were originally built before 600 AD! However, for many
reasons, some of them political and some of them to do with people’s negative opinions about mud-
brick architecture, many people in the Middle East are building their houses with Western materials
and styles.
27
Preserving the Archaeology of Iraq

Archaeological sites in Iraq are threatened today by many forces. The development and growth of
towns and cities can cover over and/or damage archaeological sites. The construction of dams, roads,
and other infrastructure can destroy archaeological remains.
Individuals and groups might loot an archaeological site looking for valuable artifacts that can be
illegally sold. Looting is a special problem when local communities are poor, or when security is bad
because of war or conflict. Rich international buyers willing to pay for illegal archaeological finds make
it possible for looting to continue.
As you have seen at Jarmo, the archaeological heritage of Iraq is extremely important. These re-
mains help us understand one of the biggest changes that human beings have seen in our history: the be-
ginning of sedentary life and agriculture. Other archaeological sites in Iraq give us valuable information
about the first cities, the first states, and the first writing. For Iraqi people, archaeology is an important
part of national heritage. And for all of us alive today, the archaeology of Iraq is an important part of
our shared human culture and history.
Professor Damluji: Notes on Cultural

Meaning of Architecture
Mudbrick buildings are not just great be-
cause they are good for the environment. They
are not just great because they are economic to
build and because people know how to con-
struct them. Mudbrick buildings are really, tru-
ly great because they have a very strong cultural
meaning which supports the way we relate to
one another, and they support our local econ-
omy. The cities where mudbrick architecture is
still standing are comparable to any of the beau-
tiful cities that you find in Europe or elsewhere
— it is so very unfortunate that we no longer
build with mud brick.
28

Assessment
What can we learn about the history and lives of the Neolithic people of northern Iraq by investigating the Jarmo
House?
Assessment Activities
1. Write a final composition
2. Complete the “Bringing the Past into the Future” activity by drawing a shelter based on the Jarmo
house. (page 31)
Word Bank
performance standards: a basis for measuring your work
29
Final Composition
After archaeologists investigate an archaeological site, they report their findings to other archae-
ologists or to the public. You will write an essay that answers the question: What can we learn about the
Neolithic people of Northern Iraq from an archaeological study of the Jarmo House?
Introduction
In the Introduction write one paragraph.
• State the question: What can we learn about the Neolithic people of Northern Iraq from an ar-
chaeological study of the Jarmo House?
• In one or two complete sentences briefly list four things that can be learned about Neolithic
people through the house. If possible, choose one idea from each of the parts of the investigation
(Geography, History, Archaeology, and The Jarmo House Today).
Body
In the Body, write one paragraph for each of the four ideas listed in your Introduction. Include specific
evidence from the investigation to support each of the ideas.
Example: Archaeologists found lots of artifacts at the Jarmo House. Artifacts tell what kinds of
food the Neolithic people ate. Grinding stones and burnt wheat kernels show they were farm-
ers.
Conclusion
In the Conclusion, write one paragraph summarizing the four things that can be learned about Neolithic
people from studying the Jarmo House. Answer the question: How does learning about Jarmo contrib-
ute to our understanding of the history and culture of Neolithic people?
Performance Standards
v v Introduction — My introduction states the question and includes four things that can be learned
about the history of Neolithic people by studying the Jarmo House.
v v Body — The body of my essay contains one paragraph for each idea. The paragraph describes each
idea and includes specific data or evidence.
v v Conclusion — My conclusion summarizes the four paragraphs in the body of the essay.
30
Bringing the Past Into the Future

One way to learn from history is to use ideas from the past to create new things in the present.
For example, some people argue that mud houses are a more eco-friendly alternative to building with
cement or cinder blocks.
Drawing
1. Imagine you are going to build a modern or futuristic shelter in the hills of northern Iraq. You want
to use ideas from the Jarmo House.
2. Think back to everything you learned about the Jarmo House. Think about shape, the different
parts, and the Neolithic way of life.
3. Draw a modern or futuristic shelter that includes at least three ideas from the Jarmo House.
4. Label the ideas that you borrowed from the Jarmo House.
Performance Standards
v v Ideas from the Jarmo House — My drawing includes three ideas from the Jarmo House
v v Design — My design looks like a modern shelter, or a shelter of the future.
v v Lines and Labels — I labeled all three of the ideas from the Jarmo House.
31
32

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Student Archaeology Notebook

Project Archaeology: Investigating Shelter Series

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

You are an archaeologist. Your question is:

Video: Constructing a Mud House

Geography and Environment of the Jarmo House

Geography and Environment of Jarmo: Analyzing the Data

1. Jarmo is located within the borders of what modern country?

5. In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the average temperature in summer in this area?

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

You are an archaeologist. Your question is:

Reconstruction of the Jarmo House

The Jarmo House in History: The “Neolithic Revolution”

The Neolithic Revolution: Analyzing the Data

1. What do archaeologists mean by a Neolithic Society?

2. Why was the Neolithic Revolution important?

3. Why did archaeologists choose to dig at Jarmo?

5. Draw a picture of life at Jarmo after the Neolithic revolution.

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

You are an archaeologist. Your question is:

Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House

Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House (Continued)

Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House (Continued)

Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House: Observing and Collecting

2. When do you think Image #1 was taken?

3. What is the person in Image #1 doing?

4. What does it look like the people in Image #3 are doing?

Photographs and Drawings of the Jarmo House: Analyzing and

4. What questions do you have about the images?

5. How could you get more information to answer your questions?

Archaeological footprint of a modern Archaeological footprint of an earthfast

Archaeological footprint of a tipi Archaeological footprint of Jarmo

Footprint of the Jarmo House

Excavations at Jarmo, 1950s. Image credit: Braidwood & Braidwood, 1983.

Plan of the Jarmo House

Quadrant of the Jarmo House Site: Analyzing the Data

1. Write the quadrant location you are investigating. ___________________________

Jarmo House Construction

How an Archaeological Site is Formed

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

You are an archaeologist. Your question is:

Meet Professor Damluji — Iraqi Architect

Figure 2: Location of Iraq and Yemen. Google Map. 2016.

Figure 7: A complex of mudbrick houses on which Salma Samar’s foundation

Jarmo Today — Architecture of the Future

Years ago, Salma Samar learned that mudbrick architec-

Professor Damluji: Notes on Sustainable Resources

Preserving the Archaeology of Iraq

Professor Damluji: Notes on Cultural

Investigating a Neolithic Dwelling

You are an archaeologist. Your question is:

Bringing the Past Into the Future

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